Units 1～2（词汇综合练）英语新教材北师大版九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦初中英语Units 1~2词汇综合应用，通过词-句-篇三级递进训练，系统强化基础词汇、语法及语篇理解能力，提升语言运用与思维分析素养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇拼写|20题|汉译英单词填空|覆盖核心词汇，夯实语言能力基础| |语法填空|单句10题+语篇1题|词性转换/语法规则应用|从单句到语篇，构建语法知识网络| |短语应用|5题|中文提示填短语|强化固定搭配，提升语言表达准确性| |完形填空|1篇10空|社交媒体安全主题|考查上下文理解，培养逻辑思维品质| |任务型阅读|1篇5问|信息提取与简答|训练语篇分析能力，符合中考命题趋势|

专题01 Units 1~2（词汇综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 一、根据汉语意思写出单词。 二、单句语法填空 三、根据中文提示填入对应短语 四．完形填空 五．选词填空 六．语法填空 七．任务型阅读 一、根据汉语意思写出单词。 1.Orange is my ________ (最喜欢的) colour of all. 2.The ________ (记者) is asking students about their school life. 3.Do you know the ________ (来源) of this piece of news? 4.You can ________ (信任) your parents all the time. 5.Please ________ (交叉检查) your answers before handing in your test paper. 6.Watching movies is a popular kind of ________ (娱乐) for young people. 7.We were all ________ (震惊的) to hear that bad news. 8.Please ________ (停止) making noise in the library. 9.The ________ (主要的) road leads to the city park. 10.You can ________ (联系) me if you have any questions. 11.This pair of jeans is too ________ (紧的) for me. 12.She wears a pink ________ (束发带) on her head. 13.You should ________ (道歉) to your deskmate for being rude. 14.The sun ________ (升起) in the east every morning. 15.The house is built on hard ________ (岩石). 16.I really ________ (怀念) my old primary friends. 17.We need an ________ (全面的) plan for this activity. 18.No one knows the whole ________ (真相) of the accident. 19.You should ________ (仔细考虑) my advice before making a choice. 20.The bad man was sent to ________ (监狱) last week. 二．单句语法填空 1.There are two old ________ (fisherman) fishing by the river. 2.The ________ (liberate) of the town brought people a new life. 3.He is one of the most ________ (outstanding) scientists in this country. 4.It is wrong ________ (ill-treat) little animals. 5.After much ________ (consider), he decided to give up the plan. 6.No one knows the ________ (true) behind this accident. 7.This story is so ________ (move) that all of us cried. 8.Don’t take such ________ (precious) jewellery outside alone. 9.The football team remains ________ (beat) after ten matches. 10.________ (honest), I don’t agree with your idea at all. 三．根据中文提示填入对应短语 1.We (保持联系) with each other by WeChat every day. 2. (令我惊讶的是), he passed the difficult exam easily. 3.The old factory had to (倒闭) because of little business. 4.Many students (注册) for the English speech competition. 5.Don’t (冒险触碰) the hot machine. (touch) 一．完形填空 No matter whether you like it or not, social media (媒体) is becoming a big part of many teenagers’ lives. The Internet is popular 1 young people in China. Social media allows people to connect with friends, share experiences, and stay on trend (潮流). 2 , the Internet also has risks. It is important to stay safe while having fun online. Here are some 3 tips (小贴士). First, if you have 4 on different Apps, make sure you use strong passwords. 5 using easy-to-guess information like your birthday or your pet’s name. Second, be careful when you talk to 6 online. Not every person online is friendly or telling the truth about themselves. Don’t share personal details (细节), like your address, school name, or phone number. Third, 7 you want to post anything online, think it over. Once it is out there, it is hard to know who sees it. Don’t talk about things you may 8 . Lastly, keep your social media information 9 so only real friends can see your posts. Remember, by 10 these tips, you can stay safe on social media and the Internet. Realize the risks and protect yourself. 1．A．during B．between C．among D．around 2．A．Besides B．Luckily C．Especially D．However 3．A．cheap B．simple C．funny D．expensive 4．A．accounts B．bags C．secrets D．decisions 5．A．Allow B．Avoid C．Warn D．Suggest 6．A．strangers B．relatives C．classmates D．neighbors 7．A．since B．after C．if D．unless 8．A．forget B．promise C．regret D．refuse 9．A．public B．private C．dangerous D．natural 10．A．watching B．offering C．accepting D．following 二．选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 cook   after   wise   serve   although   problem   they   amazing   become   hobby Social media (社交媒体) is everywhere in our daily life. Many people spend hours every day on different apps like TikTok and WeChat. Social media has 1 an important part of communication and information sharing. The greatest advantage is that we can connect with people much more easily. 2 some of our friends are far away, we are still able to keep in touch (联系). Also, there are funny videos, 3 photos and interesting stories being shared every day. These things can help us relax 4 a busy day. Now social media also 5 as a learning platform (平台). For example, if you’re interested in 6 , TikTok offers lots of short videos that teach people how to make delicious dishes. Whether learning a new language or developing a new 7 , we can always find useful information there. So we can say that sometimes social media can help solve 8 . However, spending too much time on it may harm our eyesight and reduce face-to-face communication. And some things from social media are not suitable for teenagers, so they can use it unless their parents allow 9 to do that. As long as we use social media 10 , it can be a powerful tool for self-improvement. 三．语法填空 “Stop just lying on the bed and talking with your classmate for hours! Get up 1 take a walk!” As a student, you may hear such 2 (sentence) very often. That’s because we 3 (depend) on social media (媒体) a lot since it started to develop. Spending too much time on social media 4 (be) really not a good idea. It gets 5 the way of our schoolwork. But is social media only a bad thing? The answer is “no” for sure. I think teenagers should 6 (allow) to use social media. 7 is that? There are three reasons. First, students can use social media 8 (talk) with their friends and families wherever they are. It’s convenient to ask questions using social media. 9 (two), teenagers have a strong wish to share ideas and thoughts with others. With social media, they can 10 (easy) share their daily lives. It is 11 interesting and relaxing thing. The 12 (important) of all, teenagers can learn things from social media. Social media always 13 (provide) a lot of information. The information is helpful and 14 (education) for them. For example, we can follow education bloggers (博主) and learn how to do fun experiments. It’s a good way for 15 (we) to learn things outside of the classroom. All in all, I think teenagers should make good use of social media. 四．任务型阅读 How to Stay Safe Online No matter whether you like it or not, social media is becoming a big part of many teenagers’ lives. The internet becomes more popular among young people in China. According to a survey by the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, over 90 percent of all Chinese minors (未成年人) use the internet and 50 percent of these young people have made new friends online. People can connect with friends, share experiences, and stay on trend through social media in a short time. However, the internet also has risks. It is important to stay safe while having fun online. Here are some simple tips. First, if you have accounts on different apps, make sure you use strong passwords. Avoid using easy-to-guess information, like your birthday or your pet’s name. Second, be careful when you talk to strangers online. Not every person online is friendly or telling the truth about themselves. Don’t share personal details, like your address, school name, or phone number. Third, if you want to post anything online, think it over. Once it is out there, it is hard to know who sees it. Don’t talk about things you may regret. Lastly, keep your social media profiles private, so only real friends can see your posts and information. Remember, by following these tips, you can stay safe on social media and the internet. Your parents and teachers want the best for you. Be aware of the risks and protect yourself. 根据短文内容回答问题。 1．What is becoming a big part of many teenagers’ lives? 2．Why should we stay safe while having fun online? 3．How can people connect with friends, share experiences, and stay on trend in a short time? 4．Should you be careful when talking to strangers online? 5．How many tips mentioned in the passage can help you stay safe on social media and the internet? 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 Units 1~2（词汇综合练） （建议用时：40分钟） 一、根据汉语意思写出单词。 二、单句语法填空 三、根据中文提示填入对应短语 四．完形填空 五．选词填空 六．语法填空 七．任务型阅读 一、根据汉语意思写出单词。 1.Orange is my ________ (最喜欢的) colour of all. 2.The ________ (记者) is asking students about their school life. 3.Do you know the ________ (来源) of this piece of news? 4.You can ________ (信任) your parents all the time. 5.Please ________ (交叉检查) your answers before handing in your test paper. 6.Watching movies is a popular kind of ________ (娱乐) for young people. 7.We were all ________ (震惊的) to hear that bad news. 8.Please ________ (停止) making noise in the library. 9.The ________ (主要的) road leads to the city park. 10.You can ________ (联系) me if you have any questions. 11.This pair of jeans is too ________ (紧的) for me. 12.She wears a pink ________ (束发带) on her head. 13.You should ________ (道歉) to your deskmate for being rude. 14.The sun ________ (升起) in the east every morning. 15.The house is built on hard ________ (岩石). 16.I really ________ (怀念) my old primary friends. 17.We need an ________ (全面的) plan for this activity. 18.No one knows the whole ________ (真相) of the accident. 19.You should ________ (仔细考虑) my advice before making a choice. 20.The bad man was sent to ________ (监狱) last week. 【答案】1.favourite 2.reporter 3.source 4.trust 5.cross-check 6.entertainment 7.shocked 8.quit 9.main 10.contact 11.tight 12.headband 13.apologise 14.rise 15.rock 16.miss 17.overall 18.truth 19.consider 20.prison 二．单句语法填空 1.There are two old ________ (fisherman) fishing by the river. 2.The ________ (liberate) of the town brought people a new life. 3.He is one of the most ________ (outstanding) scientists in this country. 4.It is wrong ________ (ill-treat) little animals. 5.After much ________ (consider), he decided to give up the plan. 6.No one knows the ________ (true) behind this accident. 7.This story is so ________ (move) that all of us cried. 8.Don’t take such ________ (precious) jewellery outside alone. 9.The football team remains ________ (beat) after ten matches. 10.________ (honest), I don’t agree with your idea at all. 【答案】1.fishermen 2.liberation 3.outstanding 4.to ill-treat 5.consideration 6.truth 7.moving 8.precious 9.unbeaten 10.Honestly 三．根据中文提示填入对应短语 1.We (保持联系) with each other by WeChat every day. 2. (令我惊讶的是), he passed the difficult exam easily. 3.The old factory had to (倒闭) because of little business. 4.Many students (注册) for the English speech competition. 5.Don’t (冒险触碰) the hot machine. (touch) 【答案】1.keep in touch 2.To my surprise 3.shut down 4.sign up 5.risk touching 一．完形填空 No matter whether you like it or not, social media (媒体) is becoming a big part of many teenagers’ lives. The Internet is popular 1 young people in China. Social media allows people to connect with friends, share experiences, and stay on trend (潮流). 2 , the Internet also has risks. It is important to stay safe while having fun online. Here are some 3 tips (小贴士). First, if you have 4 on different Apps, make sure you use strong passwords. 5 using easy-to-guess information like your birthday or your pet’s name. Second, be careful when you talk to 6 online. Not every person online is friendly or telling the truth about themselves. Don’t share personal details (细节), like your address, school name, or phone number. Third, 7 you want to post anything online, think it over. Once it is out there, it is hard to know who sees it. Don’t talk about things you may 8 . Lastly, keep your social media information 9 so only real friends can see your posts. Remember, by 10 these tips, you can stay safe on social media and the Internet. Realize the risks and protect yourself. 1．A．during B．between C．among D．around 2．A．Besides B．Luckily C．Especially D．However 3．A．cheap B．simple C．funny D．expensive 4．A．accounts B．bags C．secrets D．decisions 5．A．Allow B．Avoid C．Warn D．Suggest 6．A．strangers B．relatives C．classmates D．neighbors 7．A．since B．after C．if D．unless 8．A．forget B．promise C．regret D．refuse 9．A．public B．private C．dangerous D．natural 10．A．watching B．offering C．accepting D．following 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了社交媒体在青少年生活中的重要性，并提供了几条安全使用社交媒体的建议。 【详解】1．句意：互联网在中国年轻人中很受欢迎。 during在……期间；between在两者之间；among在……之中；around围绕。根据“The Internet is popular...young people in China.”可知，此处表示“在年轻人中受欢迎”，强调群体范围，应用among。故选C。 2．句意：然而，互联网也有风险。 Besides此外；Luckily幸运地；Especially尤其；However然而。根据前文“Social media allows...”（优点）与后文“the Internet also has risks”（缺点）可知，两者为转折关系，需用表转折的词However。故选D。 3．句意：这里有一些简单的小贴士。 cheap便宜的；simple简单的；funny有趣的；expensive昂贵的。根据下文列举的几条建议可知，这些是“简单实用的”安全建议。故选B。 4．句意：首先，如果你在不同的应用程序上有账户，确保使用强密码。 accounts账户；bags包；secrets秘密；decisions决定。根据“...on different Apps, make sure you use strong passwords.”可知，与“密码”对应的应是应用程序上的“账户”。故选A。 5．句意：避免使用容易猜到的信息，比如你的生日或你宠物的名字。 Allow允许；Avoid避免；Warn警告；Suggest建议。根据“easy-to-guess information”可知，“易猜信息”属于负面信息，应“避免”。故选B。 6．句意：第二，当你在网上和陌生人说话时要小心。 strangers陌生人；relatives亲戚；classmates同学；neighbors邻居。根据“be careful”和备选项可知，和陌生人聊天才需要特别小心。故选A。 7．句意：第三，如果你想在网上发布任何东西，要三思而后行。 since自从；after在……之后；if如果；unless除非。根据“...you want to post anything online, think it over.”可知，此处指如果想发布任何东西，需要三思，应用if引导条件状语从句。故选C。 8．句意：不要谈论你可能会后悔的事情。 forget忘记；promise承诺；regret后悔；refuse拒绝。根据上文“Once it is out there...”可知，一旦发出无法撤回，所以不要做会后悔的事情。故选C。 9．句意：最后，把你的社交媒体信息保密，这样只有真正的朋友才能看到你的帖子。 public公开的；private私密的；dangerous危险的；natural自然的。根据“only real friends can see your posts”可知，只有真正的朋友才能看帖子，也就是对其他人要保密。故选B。 10．句意：记住，遵循这些提示，你可以在社交媒体和互联网上保持安全。 watching观看；offering提供；accepting接受；following遵循。根据“...these tips, you can stay safe...”可知，此处指遵循提示就可以保持安全。故选D。 二．选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 cook   after   wise   serve   although   problem   they   amazing   become   hobby Social media (社交媒体) is everywhere in our daily life. Many people spend hours every day on different apps like TikTok and WeChat. Social media has 1 an important part of communication and information sharing. The greatest advantage is that we can connect with people much more easily. 2 some of our friends are far away, we are still able to keep in touch (联系). Also, there are funny videos, 3 photos and interesting stories being shared every day. These things can help us relax 4 a busy day. Now social media also 5 as a learning platform (平台). For example, if you’re interested in 6 , TikTok offers lots of short videos that teach people how to make delicious dishes. Whether learning a new language or developing a new 7 , we can always find useful information there. So we can say that sometimes social media can help solve 8 . However, spending too much time on it may harm our eyesight and reduce face-to-face communication. And some things from social media are not suitable for teenagers, so they can use it unless their parents allow 9 to do that. As long as we use social media 10 , it can be a powerful tool for self-improvement. 【答案】1．become 2．Although 3．amazing 4．after 5．serves 6．cooking 7．hobby 8．problems 9．them 10．wisely 【导语】本文主要介绍了社交媒体的优势和弊端，建议我们明智地使用它。 【详解】1．句意：社交媒体已成为沟通和信息共享的重要部分。根据“Many people spend hours every day on different apps like TikTok and WeChat”及所给词可知，社交媒体已成为沟通和信息共享的重要部分，根据空前的has，可知句子是现在完成时，空上应该填过去分词，become“成为”过去分词仍为become，故填become。 2．句意：尽管我们的一些朋友住得很远，我们仍然能保持联系。根据“...are far away, we are still able to keep in touch”可知，两句是让步关系，应用although引导让步状语从句，故填Although。 3．句意：还有每天被分享的有趣视频、惊人的照片和有趣的故事。根据“funny videos...photos and interesting stories”及备选词可知，空处填形容词修饰photos。amazing“惊人的”，故填amazing。 4．句意：这些东西能帮助我们在忙碌一天后放松。根据“These things can help us relax...a busy day”及备选词可知，忙碌一天后我们可以利用社交媒体放松。after“在……之后”，故填after。 5．句意：现在社交媒体也充当学习平台。serve as“充当”，主语是social media，谓语动词用单数，故填serves。 6．句意：例如，如果你对烹饪感兴趣，抖音提供许多教你如何制作美味菜肴的短视频。根据“teach people how to make delicious dishes”可知，对烹饪感兴趣，in是介词，后跟动名词；cook“烹饪”，故填cooking。 7．句意：无论是学习新语言还是培养新爱好，我们总能在那找到有用的信息。根据“learning a new language”及备选词可知，develop a new hobby“培养新的爱好”，故填hobby。 8．句意：所以我们可以说有时社交媒体能帮助解决问题。根据solve及备选词可知，solve problems“解决问题”，故填problems。 9．句意：社交媒体上的一些东西不适合青少年，所以除非父母允许，否则他们可以使用它。根据“some things from social media are not suitable for teenagers”及备选词可知，空处指的是青少年，用人称代词they的宾格形式them作动词allow的宾语，故填them。 10．句意：只要我们明智地使用社交媒体，它可以是自我提升的有力工具。根据“As long as we use social media...it can be a powerful tool for self-improvement”可知，空处填副词修饰use。wise的副词是wisely“明智地”，故填wisely。 三．语法填空 “Stop just lying on the bed and talking with your classmate for hours! Get up 1 take a walk!” As a student, you may hear such 2 (sentence) very often. That’s because we 3 (depend) on social media (媒体) a lot since it started to develop. Spending too much time on social media 4 (be) really not a good idea. It gets 5 the way of our schoolwork. But is social media only a bad thing? The answer is “no” for sure. I think teenagers should 6 (allow) to use social media. 7 is that? There are three reasons. First, students can use social media 8 (talk) with their friends and families wherever they are. It’s convenient to ask questions using social media. 9 (two), teenagers have a strong wish to share ideas and thoughts with others. With social media, they can 10 (easy) share their daily lives. It is 11 interesting and relaxing thing. The 12 (important) of all, teenagers can learn things from social media. Social media always 13 (provide) a lot of information. The information is helpful and 14 (education) for them. For example, we can follow education bloggers (博主) and learn how to do fun experiments. It’s a good way for 15 (we) to learn things outside of the classroom. All in all, I think teenagers should make good use of social media. 【答案】1．and 2．sentences 3．have depended 4．is 5．in 6．be allowed 7．Why 8．to talk 9．Second 10．easily 11．an 12．most important 13．provides 14．educational 15．us 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了青少年使用社交媒体的问题，作者认为虽然过度使用有负面影响，但社交媒体在交流、分享和学习方面有积极作用，因此青少年应该被允许并善用社交媒体。 【详解】1．句意：起来去散散步！分析句子结构，“Get up”和“take a walk”是两个顺承的动作，构成并列的祈使句，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 2．句意：作为一名学生，你可能经常听到这样的句子。分析句子结构，such修饰名词，sentence为可数名词，结合语境可知学生听到的不止一句话，应用复数形式。故填sentences。 3．句意：那是因为自从社交媒体开始发展以来，我们就非常依赖它。分析句子结构，根据时间状语“since it started to develop”可知，主句应用现在完成时（have/has+过去分词），主语是we，助动词用have。故填have depended。 4．句意：在社交媒体上花费太多时间确实不是个好主意。分析句子结构，动名词短语“Spending too much time on social media”作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时。故填is。 5．句意：它会妨碍我们的学业。分析句子结构，get in the way of是固定搭配，意为“阻碍，妨碍”。故填in。 6．句意：我认为应该允许青少年使用社交媒体。分析句子结构，主语teenagers与动词allow之间是被动关系，且前面有情态动词should，应用含有情态动词的被动语态（should be+过去分词）。故填be allowed。 7．句意：为什么会那样呢？分析句子结构，根据后文“There are three reasons.（有三个原因。）”可知，此处是在询问原因，应用疑问副词why，位于句首首字母需大写。故填Why。 8．句意：首先，无论学生们在哪里，他们都可以使用社交媒体与朋友和家人交谈。分析句子结构，use sth. to do sth.是固定用法，意为“使用某物做某事”，动词不定式在此作目的状语。故填to talk。 9．句意：第二，青少年有与他人分享想法和思想的强烈愿望。分析句子结构，根据前文的“First”可知，此处表示列举的第二点，应用序数词Second，位于句首首字母需大写。故填Second。 10．句意：有了社交媒体，他们可以轻松地分享自己的日常生活。分析句子结构，设空处修饰动词share，应用副词形式。easy的副词是easily。故填easily。 11．句意：这是一件有趣且令人放松的事情。分析句子结构，thing是可数名词单数，此处泛指“一件……的事”，需用不定冠词；interesting以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 12．句意：最重要的是，青少年可以从社交媒体上学到东西。分析句子结构，根据空前的“The”和空后的“of all”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式，the most important of all意为“最重要的是”。故填most important。 13．句意：社交媒体总是提供大量的信息。分析句子结构，根据频度副词always可知时态为一般现在时；主语Social media视为单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填provides。 14．句意：这些信息对他们来说是有帮助的且有教育意义的。分析句子结构，and连接两个并列成分，空前helpful是形容词，空处也应用形容词作表语。education的形容词是educational。故填educational。 15．句意：这对我们来说是一个在课堂外学习东西的好方法。分析句子结构，介词for后面应接人称代词的宾格形式作宾语。we的宾格是us。故填us。 四．任务型阅读 How to Stay Safe Online No matter whether you like it or not, social media is becoming a big part of many teenagers’ lives. The internet becomes more popular among young people in China. According to a survey by the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League, over 90 percent of all Chinese minors (未成年人) use the internet and 50 percent of these young people have made new friends online. People can connect with friends, share experiences, and stay on trend through social media in a short time. However, the internet also has risks. It is important to stay safe while having fun online. Here are some simple tips. First, if you have accounts on different apps, make sure you use strong passwords. Avoid using easy-to-guess information, like your birthday or your pet’s name. Second, be careful when you talk to strangers online. Not every person online is friendly or telling the truth about themselves. Don’t share personal details, like your address, school name, or phone number. Third, if you want to post anything online, think it over. Once it is out there, it is hard to know who sees it. Don’t talk about things you may regret. Lastly, keep your social media profiles private, so only real friends can see your posts and information. Remember, by following these tips, you can stay safe on social media and the internet. Your parents and teachers want the best for you. Be aware of the risks and protect yourself. 根据短文内容回答问题。 1．What is becoming a big part of many teenagers’ lives? 2．Why should we stay safe while having fun online? 3．How can people connect with friends, share experiences, and stay on trend in a short time? 4．Should you be careful when talking to strangers online? 5．How many tips mentioned in the passage can help you stay safe on social media and the internet? 【答案】1．Social media. 2．Because the internet has risks. 3．Through social media. 4．Yes. 5．Four. 【导语】本文主要讲述了社交媒体成为许多青少年生活的一部分，互联网在中国年轻人中更受欢迎，同时互联网存在风险，并给出了一些在社交媒体和互联网上保持安全的建议。 【详解】1．根据“No matter whether you like it or not, social media is becoming a big part of many teenagers’ lives.”可知，社交媒体正成为许多青少年生活的重要部分。 2．根据“However, the internet also has risks. It is important to stay safe while having fun online.”可知，因为网络存在风险，所以上网娱乐时保证安全至关重要。 3．根据“People can connect with friends, share experiences, and stay on trend through social media in a short time.”可知，人们能够借助社交媒体在短时间内与朋友取得联系、分享经历并紧跟潮流。 4．根据“Second, be careful when you talk to strangers online.”可知，在网上和陌生人交流时需要小心谨慎，用肯定回答“Yes”即可。 5．文中依次通过“First”、“Second”、“Third”和“Lastly”引出了四条建议，这些建议有助于在社交媒体和网络上保障安全。 1 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $