07-高考阅读理解专题 -2027年高三英语二轮复习专项

**基本信息** 高考阅读理解专题训练精选环保、睡眠、求职技巧等主题语篇，系统整合主旨归纳、词义猜测、细节定位、推理判断及七选五衔接逻辑的解题方法，构建从基础理解到深层思维的完整训练体系，提升语言能力与思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |传统阅读（A/B篇）|8题（含主旨、词义、细节、推理）|段落主旨分析法、上下文词义推断法、原文细节定位法、逻辑推理法|从信息获取到深层理解的递进，强化语篇解码能力| |七选五（C篇）|5题（求职技巧语篇）|上下文衔接逻辑分析法|语篇结构与信息连贯的统一，培养篇章组织思维|

Branch 07 高考阅读理解专题 （建议用时：35 min） 一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The fashion industry, particularly the fast-fashion sector, is a significant contributor to global environmental degradation. While consumers enjoy the ability to constantly refresh their wardrobes at low prices, the true cost of these garments is often hidden. The process of manufacturing cheap clothing requires vast amounts of water and energy, and it frequently involves the use of harmful chemicals. These substances can poison local water sources and harm ecosystems. Furthermore, the industry is responsible for nearly 10% of global carbon emissions, a figure that surpasses the combined impact of international flights and maritime shipping. A growing movement is urging consumers to shift their perspective from quantity to quality. Environmental advocates argue that we must resist the temptation to buy cheap, disposable items and instead invest in durable, timeless pieces. This approach not only reduces waste but also supports a more sustainable economic model. Some companies are beginning to respond by adopting circular economy principles, aiming to minimize waste and recycle materials. They are also experimenting with innovative fabrics made from recycled plastics or agricultural waste, which promise to reduce the industry's reliance on virgin resources. However, changing consumer habits is a significant challenge. The thrill of acquiring something new at a minimal expense is a powerful driver of purchasing decisions. Many people are also skeptical about the quality and style of sustainable fashion, believing it to be less fashionable or more expensive. Overcoming these misconceptions requires a concerted effort from both brands and consumers to promote the long-term environmental and even economic benefits of a more thoughtful wardrobe. 1.What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To criticize consumers for their shopping habits. B. To highlight the environmental problems caused by fast fashion. C. To compare the fashion industry with other polluting sectors. D. To advertise sustainable clothing brands. 2.The underlined word "shift" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ______. A. maintain B. change C. confirm D. adopt 3.What is one of the strategies mentioned for the fashion industry to become more sustainable? A. Using fewer chemicals in the dyeing process. B. Encouraging consumers to buy clothes online. C. Creating clothes from recycled materials. D. Increasing the production of cheap clothes. 4.What can be inferred about sustainable fashion from the last paragraph? A. It is becoming very popular among young people. B. It faces challenges in consumer acceptance. C. It is always more expensive than fast fashion. D. It is not as stylish as traditional clothing. B For decades, sleep has been considered a passive state of rest, but modern neuroscience reveals it is an active and complex process vital for cognitive function. Research consistently shows a direct link between adequate sleep and academic success. During sleep, particularly during deep sleep and REM cycles, the brain consolidates memories, transferring information from short-term to long-term storage. This process is essential for learning new skills and retaining knowledge. A student who studies diligently but neglects sleep is essentially working against their own brain's natural learning mechanisms. A recent study at a leading university tracked the sleep patterns and academic performance of over 1000 adolescents. The findings were striking. Students who regularly received eight to nine hours of sleep scored significantly higher on tests of recall and problem-solving than their peers who averaged less than six hours. Furthermore, the study found that sleep-deprived students were more likely to report feelings of anxiety and stress, which in turn negatively impacted their concentration and motivation. The researchers concluded that sleep is not a luxury but a fundamental component of effective learning. Despite this compelling evidence, many students view sleep as an obstacle to their academic goals, often sacrificing rest to gain extra study time. This approach is counterproductive. The cognitive decline caused by fatigue means that the extra hours spent studying are less efficient. Educational institutions are beginning to recognize this issue. Some schools are implementing later start times to allow for more sleep and are including sleep education in their health curricula. This proactive approach aims to help students understand that achievement is not just about effort, but also about ensuring the brain is prepared to absorb and process information. 5.According to the text, what is the main function of sleep for students? A. To repair muscles after physical activity. B. To reduce stress and anxiety completely. C. To help the brain store and organize learned information. D. To provide energy for the next day's classes. 6.What did the study mentioned in paragraph 2 find? A. Most teenagers do not get enough sleep. B. There is a positive relationship between sleep and test scores. C. Sleep has no significant effect on academic performance. D. Eight hours of sleep is too much for adolescents. 7.Why does the author say sacrificing sleep to study is counterproductive? A. It can lead to long-term health problems. B. It reduces the efficiency of the study time. C. It makes students more anxious before exams. D. It is not considered a serious issue by teachers. 8.What is the author's attitude towards schools that are changing their start times? A. Supportive. B. Ambiguous. C. Critical. D. Indifferent. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 C A job interview can be a nerve-wracking experience, but with the right preparation, it can also be a great opportunity to showcase your skills and land your dream job. The key to success lies not only in your qualifications but also in how you present yourself. Here are some essential tips to help you navigate the interview process with confidence. First and foremost, do your homework. Research the company thoroughly. Understand their mission, their products or services, and their company culture. (9) ______ This demonstrates your genuine interest and initiative, qualities that every employer values. Next, practice makes perfect. While you cannot predict every question, you can prepare for common ones. Practice articulating your strengths and weaknesses, and prepare stories that highlight your achievements. (10) ______ This will help you feel more relaxed and articulate during the actual interview. Your appearance and body language also matter significantly. Dress professionally and appropriately for the industry. During the interview, maintain good eye contact, sit up straight, and offer a firm handshake. (11) ______ Non-verbal cues often speak louder than words. Furthermore, listen actively. When the interviewer is speaking, listen carefully without interrupting. (12) ______ This shows that you are engaged and have a serious interest in the role. Finally, don't forget the follow-up. A simple thank-you email sent within 24 hours can leave a lasting positive impression. (13) ______ It is a professional courtesy that can set you apart from other candidates who neglect this step. 选项（A-G）： A. This is an opportunity to show off your knowledge and curiosity. B. These small actions help build a personal connection with the interviewer. C. Ask a friend or family member to conduct a mock interview with you. D. It is also a chance for you to assess if the company is the right fit for you. E. Arriving late is one of the most common mistakes candidates make. F. It allows you to thank the interviewer for their time and reiterate your interest. G. Taking notes during the conversation can help you remember key points. 参考答案与解析 阅读理解 A篇 第1题 答案：B 解析：第一段主要讨论了快时尚产业造成的环境问题，如污染水源、碳排放等，目的是强调其负面影响。A项"批评消费者"不是主要目的；C项"与其他行业比较"只是附带信息；D项"为可持续服装品牌做广告"未提及。 第2题 答案：B 解析："shift"在此上下文中意为从追求数量转向追求质量，即"转变"或"改变"。maintain（维持）、confirm（确认）、adopt（采纳）均不符合语境。 第3题 答案：C 解析：第二段提到公司正在尝试用回收塑料或农业废料制作创新面料。A项"染色过程中使用更少化学品"文中未提及；B项"鼓励网购"未提及；D项"增加廉价服装生产"与可持续发展方向相反。 第4题 答案：B 解析：最后一段提到改变消费者习惯是巨大挑战，人们对可持续时尚持怀疑态度，说明它在被消费者接受方面存在问题。A项"在年轻人中很受欢迎"未提及；C项"总是更贵"过于绝对；D项"不那么时尚"是误解，并非事实。 阅读理解 B篇 第5题 答案：C 解析：第一段明确说明睡眠将信息从短期记忆转移到长期记忆，巩固记忆，对学习至关重要。A项"修复肌肉"未提及；B项"完全消除焦虑"过于绝对；D项"为第二天提供能量"未提及。 第6题 答案：B 解析：第二段明确指出睡眠充足的学生在记忆和解决问题测试中得分"significantly higher"，即睡眠与考试成绩之间存在正相关关系。A项"大多数青少年睡眠不足"不是该研究的直接发现；C项"睡眠没有显著影响"与原文相反；D项"八小时对青少年来说太多"未提及。 第7题 答案：B 解析：第三段指出疲劳导致的认知能力下降使得额外学习时间效率低下，因此是"适得其反的"。A项"导致长期健康问题"虽是事实但文中未提；C项"让学生考试前更焦虑"不是主要原因；D项"老师不重视"未提及。 第8题 答案：A 解析：作者将学校更改上课时间描述为"proactive approach"（积极主动的举措），并表示认可，因此是支持的态度。B项"模糊"、C项"批评"、D项"冷漠"均不正确。 阅读理解 C篇（七选五） 第9题 答案：A 解析：前文"研究公司"，后文"展示真正兴趣和主动性"，提问是展示知识和好奇心的方式，A项"这是展示你知识和好奇心的机会"与此衔接最紧密。 第10题 答案：C 解析：前文"练习回答问题"，后文"让你更放松"，请人做模拟面试是最佳练习方式，C项"请朋友或家人为你做模拟面试"正确。 第11题 答案：B 解析：前文列举了眼神接触、坐直、握手等具体行为，B项"这些小动作帮助你与面试官建立个人联系"概括所有行为并点明作用，与后文"非言语暗示往往比言语更有力"呼应。 第12题 答案：G 解析：前文"认真听"，后文"提问"，在听的过程中记笔记能帮助提出好问题，G项"在对话中记笔记能帮你记住关键点"自然衔接。 第13题 答案：F 解析：前文"发送感谢邮件"，F项"它让你感谢面试官并重申兴趣"具体说明邮件的作用，后文"一种职业礼貌"是对其评价，逻辑链完整。D项"这也是你评估公司是否适合你的机会"与全文"面试是双向的"相关，但文中最后一段已独立成句，没有空位可填，故为多余项；E项"迟到是求职者最常犯的错误之一"与上下文逻辑完全不匹配，亦为多余项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $