Unit 2 Reading Plus 知识点归纳 2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册

九上 Unit 2 Reading Plus 知识点归纳 一、单词表（重点 & 核心词汇，分主题归类） （一）疾病、医学类 smallpox /ˈsmɔːlpɒks/n. 天花 cowpox /ˈkaʊpɒks/n. 牛痘 disease /dɪˈziːz/n. 疾病 global /ˈɡləʊbl/adj. 全球的 medicine /ˈmedsn/n. 医学；药物 vaccine /ˈvæksiːn/n. 疫苗 Latin /ˈlætɪn/n. 拉丁语 adj. 拉丁语的 （二）人物、职业、身份类 doctor /ˈdɒktə(r)/n. 医生 scientist /ˈsaɪəntɪst/n. 科学家 apprentice /əˈprentɪs/n. 学徒 milkmaid /ˈmɪlkmeɪd/n. 挤奶女工 researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/n. 研究者 （三）人生经历、成长相关 raise /reɪz/v. 抚养；养育 elder /ˈeldə(r)/adj. 年长的 childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/n. 童年 passion /ˈpæʃn/n. 热爱；强烈爱好 develop /dɪˈveləp/v. 发展；完善 countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/n. 乡村；乡下 （四）实验、研究、发明类 research /rɪˈsɜːtʃ/n.&v. 研究；调研 test /test/n.&v. 试验；测试 invent /ɪnˈvent/v. 发明；创造 create /kriˈeɪt/v. 创造；研制 realize /ˈriːəlaɪz/v. 意识到；认识到 discover /dɪˈskʌvə(r)/v. 发现 pioneering /ˌpaɪəˈnɪərɪŋ/adj. 开创性的；先驱的 （五）数量、程度、频率 million /ˈmɪljən/num. 百万 rarely /ˈreəli/adv. 很少；罕见地 mainly /ˈmeɪnli/adv. 主要地 actually /ˈæktʃuəli/adv. 实际上；的确 however /haʊˈevə(r)/conj. 然而；但是 （六）动作、状态动词 kill /kɪl/v. 杀死；夺去生命 protect /prəˈtekt/v. 保护 cover /ˈkʌvə(r)/v. 覆盖；使免受 wander /ˈwʌndə(r)/v. 琢磨；想知道 complete /kəmˈpliːt/v. 完成 continue /kənˈtɪnjuː/v. 继续 （七）其他名词、形容词 battle /ˈbætl/n. 斗争；战役 nature /ˈneɪtʃə(r)/n. 大自然；自然 farmer /ˈfɑːmə(r)/n. 农夫；养殖户 history /ˈhɪstri/n. 历史 word /wɜːd/n. 单词；词汇 二、核心单词词性转换 & 变形 名词复数 million → millions（搭配 of 时变复数）；disease → diseases；doctor → doctors apprentice → apprentices；milkmaid → milkmaids；test → tests；word → words 动词→名词 develop v. 发展 → development n. 发展 research v. 研究 → research n. 研究（不可数） invent v. 发明 → invention n. 发明；inventor n. 发明者 create v. 创造 → creation n. 创造物 pioneer n. 先驱 → pioneering adj. 开创性的 protect v. 保护 → protection n. 保护 raise v. 抚养；举起 → raising n. 养育 形容词 / 副词变形 rare adj. 稀有的 → rarely adv. 很少 main adj. 主要的 → mainly adv. 主要地 actual adj. 真实的 → actually adv. 实际上 global adj. 全球的 → globally adv. 在全球范围 动词三单、过去式、过去分词 kill → kills → killed → killed discover → discovers → discovered → discovered invent → invents → invented → invented protect → protects → protected → protected continue → continues → continued → continued realize → realizes → realized → realized 三、单元重点语块 / 固定短语 1. 核心主题短语 battle against 与…… 作斗争 used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 millions of people 数百万人 no longer 不再 in nature 在自然界中 mainly because 主要因为 have a passion for 热爱…… learn a job by doing sth. 通过干活学习手艺 be well-respected 受人尊敬 modern medicine 现代医学 finish one’s studies 完成学业 family doctor 家庭医生 in one’s free time 在某人空闲时 do research 做研究 come up with an idea 想出一个主意 protect sb. from sth. 保护某人免受…… 伤害 because of + 名词 / 短语 因为；由于 pioneering research 开创性研究 Latin word 拉丁语词汇 2. 写作答题万能搭配 global disease 全球性疾病 develop fully 完全发展完善 go back to the countryside 返回乡村 get very sick 病得很重 test this idea 验证这个猜想 invent a new word 创造新词 create vaccines for diseases 研制疾病疫苗 die from illness 死于疾病 四、四大核心语法 & 长难句考点 语法 1：used to do 过去常常（现在不再） 含义：描述过去经常性、习惯性的动作，如今已经不发生 例句： Smallpox used to be one of the worst global diseases. 天花过去是最严重的全球性疾病之一。 否定：didn’t use to do /used not to do He didn’t use to have a passion for medicine. 语法 2：because /because of 区分 because + 完整句子，表原因 He succeeded because he kept doing research. because of + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词短语 Smallpox disappeared because of Jenner’s hard work. 语法 3：定语从句（who 修饰人，that 修饰事物） who 指代人，在从句中作主语 An apprentice is a young person who learns a job by working for others. 学徒就是通过为别人干活学习手艺的年轻人。 that 指代事物，可作主语 / 宾语 It was cowpox that protected people from smallpox. 语法 4：强调句型 It was…that… 结构：It was + 被强调部分 + that + 剩余句子 原文原句：It was while working as a doctor that Jenner discovered the secret. 译文：正是在行医期间，詹纳发现了这个秘密。 高频长难句拆解 Smallpox used to be one of the worst global diseases. It killed millions of people in history. However, we do not hear much about it anymore. 考点：used to 过去时态；however 表转折；millions of 模糊数量表达 It was difficult for doctors to be well-respected at that time because modern medicine had not fully developed. 考点：It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 形式主语；because 引导原因状语从句；过去完成时 had not developed He wondered: Do milkmaids get protected from smallpox just because they often get cowpox? 考点：wonder 后接宾语从句；protect sb. from sth. 固定搭配 After many other tests, he realized that cowpox could actually be used to protect people from getting smallpox. 考点：宾语从句；情态动词被动语态 could be used to do 五、核心阅读答题句型 介绍人物生平 Sb. lived from … to … 某人生卒年份为…… Sb. had a hard childhood because… 某人童年艰苦，因为…… 描述猜想与实验 Sb. came up with an idea to test… 某人想出办法验证…… After lots of tests, sb. found that… 多次试验后，某人发现…… 表达贡献与影响 Thanks to sb.’s work, …disappeared forever. 多亏某人的研究，…… 彻底消失了。 His research helps people make vaccines for many illnesses. 他的研究帮助人们研制多种疾病疫苗。 解释单词来源 The word “vaccine” comes from the Latin word for “cow”. vaccine 一词源自拉丁语中表示 “牛” 的单词。 六、易混词辨析 & 反义词 反义词 rarely 很少 ↔ often /usually 经常 develop 发展完善 ↔ decay 衰败 protect 保护 ↔ harm 伤害 die 死亡 ↔ live 存活 no longer 不再 ↔ still 仍然 易混辨析 discover /invent discover：发现原本就存在的事物（发现牛痘能防疫） invent：创造原本不存在的新事物（创造疫苗这个词汇、研制疫苗） because /because of because + 完整句子；because of + 名词 / 名词短语 million /millions of 数字 + million（不加 s）：two million people 两百万人 millions of（加 s，模糊数量）：millions of people 数百万人 raise /rise raise (vt.) 抚养、举起（有宾语）；rise (vi.) 上升，无宾语 七、写作万能素材（介绍爱德华・詹纳 / 疫苗发展史短文） 范文 1 人物简介 Edward Jenner was an English doctor and scientist who lived from 1749 to 1823. He had a hard childhood because his parents died early, and his elder brother raised him. Though he was not good at schoolwork, he loved nature very much. At 13, he worked as an apprentice for a doctor for eight years. Later he studied medicine in London and returned to work as a family doctor in the countryside. 范文 2 实验与重大发现 Jenner found that milkmaids seldom caught smallpox after they had cowpox. He guessed cowpox could stop people from getting smallpox. He did lots of tests to prove his idea. Finally, he created the first vaccine and named this word from Latin for “cow”. Thanks to his pioneering work, smallpox is gone from the world, and scientists use his way to make vaccines for many other diseases. 范文 3 主旨感悟 Smallpox was a terrible global disease that killed millions of people. Today we never worry about it because of Edward Jenner’s great research. He spent his whole life studying nature and trying to save people’s lives. His story tells us careful observation and brave tests can bring great changes to the whole world. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $