2025-2026学年高一英语下学期人教版选择性必修第一册 Unit 5 Working the Land 高一升高二暑假作业25

**基本信息** 聚焦Unit 5词汇、语法及语篇综合应用，通过“词汇-词块-语法-阅读”层级设计，系统提炼名词性从句解题方法，强化语言能力与思维品质。 **综合设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇|I/II（33词+29词）|双向互译强化核心词记忆|从单词拼写延伸至词性及搭配应用| |词块|III（10组）|中英匹配训练语境理解|衔接词汇与语篇，构建语义网络| |语法|IV（7类规则+10题）|引导词分类/语序/易混词辨析|从概念解析到即学即练，形成解题框架| |语法应用|V（4空）|语境中运用名词性从句|语法规则在语篇中的迁移实践| |阅读|VI（2篇8题）|细节/推理/主旨题解法|围绕环保主题，提升信息获取与思维能力|

作业25. 选择性必修一 Unit 5 (1) I. Unit 5 英译汉（1） 1. 2. hybrid n. _______________ 3. devote vt. _______________ 4. devote...to _____________ 5. shortage n. _____________ 6. tackle vt. ______________ 7. crisis n. (pl. crises) __________ 8. boost vt. n. ____________ 9. yield n. vt. vi. __________ 10. convince vt. _______________ 11. characteristic n. adj _______ 12. attain vt. _______________ 13. conventional adj. _____________ 14. pollinate vt. ______________ 15. assumption n. ______________ 16. intense adj _______________ 17. overcome vt.(overcame, overcome) ________________ 18. expand vt. & vi _________ 19. output n. vt. ________ _ 20. estimate vt. n. ______________ 21. domestic adj ______________ 22. consumption n. ________ _ 23. comprise _____________ 24. be comprised of _____________ 25. generate vt ______________ 26. strain n. ______________ 27. leisure n. _____________ 28. deep down _____________ 29. soil n. _____________ 30. celebrity n. _____________ 31. envision vt ______________ 32. sorghum n. ________________ 33. broom n. _____________ 34. grain n. _____________ II. Unit 5汉译英（1） 1. 2. ____________ vt. 把……献（给） 3. _____________ 专注于，奉献于 4. ________________ n. 不足 5. ____________ vt. 解决（难题） ；处理 6. ____________ n.(pl. crises) 危机 7. __________ vt n. 使增长； 激励 8. __________n. vt vi.产量； 屈服 9. ________________ vt. 使相信 10. ________________ n.adj. 特征 11. ____________ vt. （通常经过努力）获得 12. _______________ adj. 传统的 13. _____________ n. 假定；设定 14. ______________ adj. 强烈的，紧张的 15. ________________ vt. 克服 16. ____________vt. ＆vi . 扩大； 发展 17. ____________ n. vt.产量 ； 输出 18. ________________ vt n. 估计 19. ________________ adj. 国内的；家用的 20. _____________ n. 消耗；消费 21. _____________vt. 包括；包含 22. _______________包括；包含 23. ________________ vt. 产生 24. ____________ n. 闲暇；休闲 25. _____________在内心深处；本质上 26. _____________ n. 土壤；国土 27. _____________ n. 名望 28. ________________ vt. 展望 29. __________ n. 扫把 30. __________ n. 谷物 III. 词块认读。 1. devote oneself to cultivating hybrid rice to tackle food shortage 2. boost rice yields to deal with food crisis 3. convince somebody of the assumption 4. attain a higher yield than conventional crops 5. overcome enormous difficulties through intense effort 6. expand the output of sorghum 7. a celebrity wanting a leisure life deep down 8. turn a vision into a reality 9. envision grains of rice as huge as peanuts 10. It is estimated that about 60% of the domestic rice consumption in china is comprised of crops generated from Yuan's hybrid strains. 致力于培育杂交水稻以缓解粮食短缺 提高水稻产量应对粮食危机 使他人信服这一理念 实现比传统作物更高的产量 通过不懈努力克服巨大困难 扩大高粱产量 一位想要过休闲生活的名人 将远大愿景变为现实 想象米粒之大堪比花生 据估算，中国国内约60%的稻米消费量均来自袁氏杂交品种所生产的作物。 IV. 重点语法--名词性从句 Many students don’t know what they should do①，but what Xiao Meng wants to do② is to earn money.The reason is that she wants to lessen her parents’ burden③.It is said that many small companies need graduates to do part-time jobs②. Xiao Meng has applied for two jobs but she is not sure about whether she will be employed①.She also wonders when she will be admitted to a college① and which city she will go①.She is anxious for the news that she is admitted to a good university④. ①位于及物动词或介词之后的从句是名词性从句中的宾语从句。 ②谓语动词之前的从句为名词性从句中的主语从句。此外，该种从句可以用it置于句首，作形式主语。 ③位于be动词之后的从句是名词性从句中的表语从句。 ④位于抽象名词之后，解释该名词内容的句子为同位语从句。 1．名词性从句的引导词如下表所示： 引导词 功能 从属连词 that 在从句中不作任何句子成分，也没有词汇意义 whether，if 在从句中不作任何句子成分，意为“是否” because，as if/though 在从句中不作任何句子成分，分别意为“因为”，“好像” 连接代词 who(ever)，whom，what(ever)，whose，which(ever) who(ever)和what(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语或表语； whom在从句中作宾语； which(ever)在从句中作主语、宾语； whose在从句中作定语 连接副词 when(ever)，where，wherever，why，how 在从句中作状语 2.名词性从句的语序必须是陈述语序。 Do you know where will the party be held？(×) Do you know where the party will be held？(√) 3．what & that that是连词，在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，也没有任何意义。而what是连接代词，在名词性从句中充当成分，通常充当主语、宾语、表语。 I believe that I will succeed if I study hard. 我相信如果我努力学习我会成功的。 I believe what he said because he is an honest man. 我相信他说的话，因为他是个诚实的人。 4．whether & if (1)主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中表示“是否”，必须用whether。只有在it作形式主语的主语从句中，可用if。 (2)宾语从句中一般情况下whether与if 可以通用，但在以下情况下不能用if ，只能用whether：a.介词后　b．其后跟不定式　c．其后紧跟or not　d．引导让步状语从句 结论：在学生的写作中，只要表是否，一律用whether。 5．who & whoever 名词性从句中的who翻译为“谁”，带有疑问意味。而whoever则翻译为“不论是谁”，没有疑问。 Do you know who broke the window? 你知道是谁打破了窗户吗？ Whoever broke it will be punished. 不论是谁打破了窗户都得挨罚。 6．that不可省略的情况 (1)that引导主语从句且从句置于句首时；that引导表语从句时；that引导同位语从句时；当it作形式宾语，that引导的从句作真正的宾语时。 (2)当主句谓语后接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其他的that不可省； 结论：学生习作中，that一律不省略。 在同一个谓语动词之后有多个宾语从句并列时，注意句子的理解，要知道后面的that从何而来。如 She said (that) she had broken up with her boyfriend，that she was heartbroken，and that she would never fall in love again. 她说她和男朋友分手了，她很伤心，而且她不会再爱了。 7．同位语从句位于表示概念或思维的抽象名词之后，对该抽象名词起解释说明的作用。常见的抽象名词有news，idea，fact，promise，conclusion，theory，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，word(消息)，possibility，decision等。 At first many people were astonished at the conclusion that the earth is not the centre of universe. 起初很多人对地球不是宇宙中心这一结论感到惊讶。 即学即练 1．______________ she wants to know is when the party will be held. 2．______________ he will give up his job surprises all of us. 3．______________ did it should be responsible for it. 4．_______________ the meeting will be held this afternoon is not known yet. 5．The reason why he was late was ____________ he was caught in a traffic jam. 6．I doubt _____________ he has the ability to do it well. 7．After __________ seemed a long time，he came to himself. 8．He said he was wrong and ____________ he wanted to make an apology to us. 9．He expressed his hope _____________ he would visit China again. 10. It upsets me _______ my parents disagree with me about my job choice. V. 语法五选四。 The Chinese Lunar Exploration Program is also known as the Chang'e Program.Run by the China National Space Administration, China's space agency, it comprises three stagesorbiting, landing and returning. The program's first spacecraft, Change I lunar orbiter, was launched in October 2007. It successfully orbited and scanned the Moon. (1)___was thatChange 2 reached the Moon within just five days. With better techniques andequipment, Change 2 completed a more detailed scan of the Moon before heading into deep space.The success of the two spacecraft showed the world how far Chinese space exploration had come.It was evident (2)____. December 2013 witnessed the Chinese spacecraft's first soft landing on the Moon. The landing of Change 3 proved to be a success and (3)____was plainto see. In January 2019,Change4 succeeded in landing on the far side of the Moon. In December 2020,Chang'e 5 successfully collected and returned lunar samples. China has successfully completed the three stages of the program. However, (4)______ is anybody's guess. A. how it laid the foundation for future exploration B. that the data gathered by them provided valuable information C what advances China will make in the future D. Why China is one of the world leaders in space exploration E. What amazed the whole nation in October 2010 V. 阅读理解。 A. Rising carbon dioxide levels and climate change are reshaping the environments in which crops grow, and one urgent consequence is an increased risk of plant disease. There is a real danger that some infections could spread more widely across climates — potentially leading to agricultural disasters. To reduce this risk, seed companies and plant scientists should work together now to build a library of useful crop genes before it’s too late. Part of the problem is that centuries of selective breeding have made the genomes (基因组) of most valuable crops very narrow. They grow great in today’s conditions, but become less able to cope with change. A small or previously unknown disease could spread rapidly through a genetically uniform crop, driving global prices sharply upward and causing widespread malnutrition and suffering. Fortunately, the threat has a clear solution. All crops have wild relatives that are not useful for farming but carry much more genetic variety that can protect crops against future pathogens (病原体). As insurance, those genes should be stored — usually as seeds — until they are needed to be put into a crop’s genome. Nevertheless, the current gene banks have too few samples of two-thirds of the relevant wild relatives, and many species are not stored at all. You might expect large agribusinesses to help. Yet firms like Bayer and Syngenta still treat future-proofing crops as a government job, finding it too uncertain to attract commercial investment. Academic plant scientists can also help, but the work is routine and gets little reward. Curing an outbreak builds careers; preventing a possible one brings little recognition. To act, plant scientists need motivations — pay and research funding. Major funders, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture, must shift money toward preparing for future threats. Another barrier is political considerations. The U.S. National Science Foundation is said to reject proposals that mention “climate change,” because some politicians deny it. Europe also needs to change its cautious attitude to genetic engineering. Gene editing will be essential, even if it makes some European consumers and policymakers uneasy. The sooner they accept it, the better. 1. Why are some small diseases likely to infect crops rapidly? A. The price of curing such diseases is too high. B. The change brought by global warming is dramatic. C. The genomes that resist diseases are removed from most crops. D. Natural genetic variation is lost due to long-term artificial selection. 2. What’s an obvious solution to new diseases for crops? A. Buying insurance for all crops at the bank. B. Storing seed samples of wild crop relatives. C. Putting protective genomes into all crops. D. Reducing genetic variety of future pathogens. 3. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Large companies are enthusiastic about government jobs. B. Plant scientists offer considerable help to earn recognition. C. European countries consider genetic editing as a vital step. D. Political ideas partly get in the way of genetic engineering. 4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage? A. Crop Yields in the Future Century B. Preserving Rare Seeds Against Future Pathogens C. Building a Gene Library Before Crop Diseases Worsen D. Funding and Investment to Boost Agricultural Innovation B. Buying furniture is easier than ever. You can even order a new table and chairs online without ever leaving home. But did you ever think about how furniture is made? The process begins with trees but now researchers have found a better way: growing it in a lab instead of a forest. Instead of cutting down trees and adding to deforestation (砍伐森林), Velásquez-Garcia said. “If you want a table, then you should just grow a table.” The research group found a way to actually grow plant tissue (组织) — wood and fiber — in a lab that is similar to the way cultured meat is grown. While there is still a long way to actually grow a table. The team was able to grow structures from cells from zinnia leaves. Making furniture and other items from biomaterials could eliminate cutting down trees in forests. “The way we get these materials hasn’t changed in centuries and is very inefficient,” said Velásquez-Garcia. “This is a real chance to avoid all that inefficiency.” There are other benefits to using lab wood too. Lab grown wood can be handled to take on any shape — like 3D printing — so it may be possible to build a table without glue or screwing parts together. Beckwith, a mechanical engineering PhD student, was inspired by a visit to a farm to try to make land-use more efficient and environmentally sound. “That got me thinking: Can we be more strategic about what we’re getting out of our process? Can we get more outputs for our inputs?” she told MIT News. “I wanted to find a more efficient way to use land and resources so that we could let more farmlands remain wild, or to remain lower production but allow for greater biodiversity.” Today, the two largest uses of trees are to make wood products and paper. When new biomaterials become readily available, forests will lose their economic value and will be preserved for their environmental, health, and recreational value. These researchers, like Velásquez-Garcia, are speaking for the trees. 5. What does the underlined word “eliminate” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Risk. B. Fancy. C. Remove. D. Delay. 6. What is the purpose of Beckwith’s growing furniture? A. To make large profits. B. To keep biodiversity. C. To increase production. D. To use wild resources. 7. What’s the key to protecting forests? A. Wide use of new biomaterials. B. Less use of wood products and paper. C. Making effective forest laws. D. Caring more for the environment. 8. What can we learn about growing furniture from the passage? A. It turns out to be convenient. B. It’ll cut down daily expense. C. It might have a bright future. D. It’s as important as making furniture. 作业25 （预习）选择性必修一 Unit 5 (1)答案 I. Unit 5 英译汉（1） 35. 1. 杂交植（动）物 2. 把……献（给） 3. 专注于，奉献于 4. 不足 5. 解决（难题） ；处理 6. 危机 7. 使增长； 激励 8. 产量； 屈服 9. 使相信 10. 特征 11. （通常经过努力）获得 12. 传统的 13. 授粉；传粉 14. 假定；设定 15. 强烈的，紧张的 16. 克服 17. 扩大； 发展 18. 产量 ； 输出 19. 估计 20. 国内的；家用的 21. 消耗；消费 22. 包括；包含 23. 由……组成 24. 产生 25. （动、植物的）系；品种 26. 闲暇；休闲 27. 在内心深处；本质上 28. 土壤；国土 29. 名望 30. 展望 31. 高粱 32. 扫把 33. 谷物 II. Unit 5汉译英（1） 1. devote 2. devote...to 3. shortage 4. tackle 5. crisis 6. boost 7. yield 8. convince 9. characteristic 10. attain 11. conventional 12. assumption 13. intense 14. overcome 15. expand 16. output 17. estimate 18. domestic 19. consumption 20. comprise 21. be comprised of 22. generate 23. leisure 24. deep down 25. soil 26. celebrity 27. envision 28. broom 29. grain III. (略) IV. 语法部分。 1. What 2. That 3. Whoever 4. When/Where/ Whether 5. that 6. whether/if 7. what 8. that 9. that 10. that V. 语法五选四。 EBAC VI. 阅读理解。 A篇.【答案】1. D 2. B 3. D 4. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出气候变化增加了作物病害风险，因作物基因单一易受感染。作者建议建立作物野生近缘种基因库，并呼吁加强资金投入、克服政治障碍以应对未来农业威胁。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Part of the problem is that centuries of selective breeding … causing widespread malnutrition and suffering.(部分原因在于，数百年来的有选择性培育使得大多数重要农作物的基因组变得非常单一。它们在现在的条件下生长得很好，但应对变化的能力却降低了。一种微小或以前未知的疾病可能会在基因单一的作物中迅速传播，推动全球价格急剧上涨，并导致广泛的营养不良和问题。)”可知，由于长期的人工选择，大多数重要农作物的基因组变得非常单一，应对变化的能力下降，由此导致一些小疾病可能迅速感染作物。故选D项。 2. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“All crops have wild relatives … until they are needed to be put into a crop’s genome.(所有作物都有野生近亲，这些近亲对农业没有用处，但携带更多的遗传变异，可以保护作物免受未来病原体的侵害。作为保险，这些基因应该被储存起来——通常以种子的形式——直到需要它们被放入作物的基因组中。)”可知，储存野生作物近亲的种子样本是应对新作物疾病的一个明显解决方案。故选B项。 3. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中“Yet firms like Bayer and … attract commercial investment.(然而，像拜耳和先正达这样的公司仍然将未来抗灾作物视为政府的工作，认为这太不确定，无法吸引商业投资。)”和最后一段中“Another barrier is political considerations. … attitude to genetic engineering.(另一个障碍是政治考虑。据说美国国家科学基金会拒绝提及“气候变化”的提案，因为一些政客否认这一点。欧洲也需要改变其对基因工程的谨慎态度。)”可知，政治观念在一定程度上阻碍了基因工程的发展。故选D项。 4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“To reduce this risk, … before it’s too late.(为了降低这种风险，种子公司和植物科学家现在应该共同努力，在为时已晚之前建立一个有用的作物基因库。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讨论了由于气候变化和人工选择导致的作物遗传多样性减少，以及由此带来的作物疾病风险增加的问题，并提出了建立作物基因库作为解决方案。因此，C项“Building a Gene Library Before Crop Diseases Worsen(在作物疾病恶化之前建立基因库)”最符合文章主旨。故选C项。 B篇.【答案】5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家发现在实验室中培育植物组织、木材和纤维的方法和这一发现可能产生的影响。 5. 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The research group found a way … cultured meat is grown. (该研究小组发现了一种在实验室中培育植物组织、木材和纤维的方法，这与培育肉类的方法类似)”和划线句“Making furniture and other items from biomaterials could eliminate cutting down trees in forests.(用生物材料制作家具和其他物品可以eliminate砍伐森林中的树木)”可知，科学家发现在实验室中培育植物组织、木材和纤维的方法。由此可知，用这种方法来制作家具和其他物品可以消除对森林的砍伐。由此推知，划线词eliminate与remove意思相近，指“去除，排除”。故选C项。 6. 细节理解题。根据第五段中Beckwith的话“I wanted to find a more efficient way … but allow for greater biodiversity..(我想找到一种更有效的方式来利用土地和资源，这样我们就可以让更多的农田保持野生状态，或者保持低产量，但同时允许更大的生物多样性)”可知，Beckwith种植家具的目的是保持生物多样性。故选B项。 7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“When new biomaterials … health, and recreational value.(当新的生物材料变得唾手可得时，森林将失去其经济价值，并将因其环境、健康和娱乐价值而得到保护)”可推知，保护森林的关键是新型生物材料的广泛应用。故选A项。 8. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The process begins with trees but …“If you want a table, then you should just grow a table.”(这个过程从树木开始，但现在研究人员发现了一种更好的方法：在实验室而不是森林中种植。Velasquez-Garcia说：“如果你想要一张桌子，那么你应该种一张桌子，而不是砍伐树木和增加森林砍伐。”)”可推知，种植家具更环保，是更好的选择，可能会有一个光明的未来。故选C项。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $