Unit1 Science Fiction 重点词汇精讲课件 2027届高考英语人教版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦新人教版选择性必修四Unit 1核心词汇，依据高考评价体系梳理了预约、内疚、接管等16个高频考点，通过2024新课标II卷、2023天津卷等真题链接分析考点权重，归纳语境填空、中英互译等常考题型，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“词汇精讲+真题实战+素养培育”策略，如以“take over”为例，结合2020浙江联考真题解析“接管控制权”搭配及语境应用，提升学生语言能力和思维品质。设“重点词组表”和“外刊改编训练”，助力学生掌握答题技巧，教师可依托此精准教学，高效冲刺高考。

新人教版选择性必修四 Unit 1 Science Fiction 重点词汇精讲 Language Points 1. appointment /əˈpɔɪntmənt/ n. 预约；约会；委任 派生词：appoint vt. 任命；约定；appointed adj. 指定的；任命的 【课文原句】 She had an appointment to paint her nails, then she went into an expensive clothes shop. 她预约了美甲，随后走进一家高档服装店。 【高考链接】 He chatted with Susan for 30 minutes before keeping his appointment with the manager.（2024新课标II卷） 【用法搭配】 make an appointment 预约 keep an appointment 按约赴会 【语境应用】 ① The clinic confirmed two ______________ (appoint) for tomorrow morning. ② 她盯着时钟，生怕错过和机器人工程师的约定。 She kept watching the clock, afraid of missing her appointment with the robotics engineer. appointments 2. guilty /ˈɡɪlti/ adj. 内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 派生词：guilt n. 内疚；罪责；guiltily adv. 内疚地 【课文原句】 Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty. 尽管这一切完全是无辜的，克莱尔还是感到内疚。 【高考链接】 And I felt guilty for the tough climb that Mik had to make with such a heavy load.（2023天津卷） 【用法搭配】 feel guilty about 因……感到内疚 be guilty of 犯有……罪 【语境应用】 ① A wave of ______________ (guilty) swept over him when he saw the damaged robot. ② 愧疚涌上心头，她低下头，不敢直视朋友的眼睛。 Guilt flooded over her; she lowered her head, unable to meet her friend's eyes. guilt 3. dismiss /dɪsˈmɪs/ vt. 让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除 派生词：dismissal n. 解雇；不予考虑；dismissive adj. 轻蔑的 【课文原句】 The guests would be arriving soon, so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night. 客人们很快就要到了，因此克莱尔让托尼在那晚剩余的时间里离开。 【高考链接】 Techniques and styles once dismissed as outdated are now increasingly valued for their detail, history, and authenticity.（2026北京海淀期末） 【用法搭配】 dismiss sb from 解除某人的职务 dismiss an idea 不予考虑某想法 【语境应用】 ① The outdated proposal ______________ (dismiss) at last week's meeting. ② 她没有轻率地否定这个想法。 She did not dismiss the idea lightly. was dismissed 4. declare /dɪˈkleə(r)/ vt. 表明；宣称；公布 派生词：declaration n. 宣布；声明；declared adj. 公开宣称的 【课文原句】 She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day. 她听见他宣称第二天不想离开她。 【高考链接】 At a press conference in Chicago, Jesse Jackson declared that African American was the term to embrace.（2015江苏卷） 【用法搭配】 declare that 宣布…… declare war on 向……宣战 【语境应用】 ① The scientist's public ______________ (declare) surprised the whole team. ② 机器人宣布它绝不会伤害人类。 The robot declared that it would never harm a human being. declaration 5. whereas /ˌweərˈæz/ conj. 然而；但是；尽管 近义表达：while 然而；but 但是；however 然而；by contrast 相比之下 【课文原句】 A human being's facial expression changes often, whereas Tony's never changes. 人的面部表情经常变化，而托尼的表情从不变化。 【高考链接】 Some students thrive in group discussions, whereas others work better independently.（2026江苏高考模拟） 【用法搭配】 A..., whereas B... A……，而B…… while 表同时或对比 【语境应用】 ① Humans learn from emotion, ______________ robots depend mainly on data. ② 她的声音因紧张而颤抖，而机器人始终保持平静。 Her voice trembled with nervousness, whereas the robot remained perfectly calm. whereas 6. presume /prɪˈzjuːm/ vt. & vi. 假设；假定 派生词：presumably adv. 大概；presumption n. 假定；assume vt. 假定（依据更少、用途更广） 【课文原句】 Whoever is charged with a crime should be presumed innocent until proven otherwise. 任何被指控犯罪的人，在证明有罪之前都应被推定为无罪。 【高考链接】 Educators shouldn't assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.（2024新课标I卷） 【用法搭配】 presume that 假定…… be presumed to do 被认为…… 【语境应用】 ① The missing explorer ______________ (presume) to be alive until evidence proves otherwise. ② 不要想当然地认为机器人能够理解人类所有的情感。 Do not presume that a robot can understand every human emotion. is presumed 7. on a ... basis 根据；以……的方式（基准） 派生词：basis n. 基础；基准；base vt. 以……为基础；basic adj. 基本的 【课文原句】 The money is paid for work or services, typically on a daily or weekly basis. 这笔钱用于支付工作或服务，通常按日或按周结算。 【高考链接】 On the basis of that experience, I applied to go back to university and study creative writing.（2026新课标II卷） 【用法搭配】 on a daily basis 每天 on a regular basis 定期地 【语境应用】 ① The robot's memory is updated on ______________ daily basis. ② 工程师定期检查机器人，以确保它运行稳定。 The engineer checks the robot on a regular basis to ensure that it operates steadily. a 8. superior /suːˈpɪəriə(r)/ adj. 更好的；占优势的；更高的 superior to 比……更好；更胜一筹 派生词：superiority n. 优越；优势；inferior adj. 较差的；下级的 【课文原句】 They are much stronger than we are and may be superior to us in the future. 它们比我们强壮得多，将来可能会优于我们。 【高考链接】 Human exceptionalism is the belief that humans are fundamentally superior to the rest of nature.（2026北京海淀期末） 【用法搭配】 be superior to 比……优越 a superior product 优质产品 【语境应用】 ① The new model showed clear ______________ (superior) in speed and accuracy. ② 新机器人在速度上更胜一筹，但它仍无法体会同情。 The new robot was superior in speed, but it still could not experience sympathy. superiority 9. take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 相关短语：take in 理解；take on 承担；take up 从事；take off 起飞 【课文原句】 In sci-fi stories, robots often become superior and take over. 在科幻故事中，机器人常常变得更强并取得控制权。 【高考链接】 The goal of Professor Goel's virtual assistant is to take over answering 40% of all questions.（2020浙江十校联盟联考） 【用法搭配】 take over control 接管控制权 take on a task 承担任务 【语境应用】 ① Last year, a new research team ______________ (take) over the project. ② 警报响起时，操作员立即接管了系统。 When the alarm sounded, the operator immediately took over the system. took 10. conflict with 与……冲突或抵触 派生词：conflict n. 冲突；矛盾 vi. 冲突；contradict vt. 与……矛盾 【课文原句】 A robot must obey human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. 机器人必须服从人类的命令，除非这些命令与第一定律相冲突。 【高考链接】 In each conflict, a new strategy by one party forces the other to adapt.（2026北京高考模拟） 【用法搭配】 conflict with 与……冲突 come into conflict with 与……发生冲突 【语境应用】 ① The new command conflicted ______________ the robot's safety rules. ② 两条指令发生冲突，机器人顿时僵住了。 The two commands conflicted, and the robot froze. with 11. backwards /ˈbækwədz/ adv. 向后；倒着；往回 相关词：backward adj./adv. 向后的；forward(s) 向前；upward(s) 向上；downward(s) 向下；inward(s) 向内；outward(s) 向外 【课文原句】 I pushed the starting lever forwards an inch then immediately backwards again. 我把启动杆向前推了一英寸，然后立刻又向后拉。 【高考链接】 Interestingly, I read the chapters backwards until I got to the beginning.（2023新课标I卷） 【用法搭配】 move backwards 向后移动 bend backwards 向后弯 【语境应用】 ① The machine suddenly moved ______________, forcing everyone to step aside. ② 她向后退了一步，难以置信地盯着眼前的机器。 She stepped backwards, staring at the machine in disbelief. backwards 12. grip /ɡrɪp/ vt. & vi. 紧握；抓紧 n. 紧握；控制；理解 派生词：gripping adj. 扣人心弦的 【课文原句】 I drew a breath, gripped the lever and pushed it forwards. 我吸了一口气，紧握操纵杆并把它向前推。 【高考链接】 The gripping story invites readers to imagine how technology may reshape human life.（2026深圳高考模拟） 【用法搭配】 grip the handle 紧握把手 be in the grip of 受……控制 【语境应用】 ① At the sudden noise, she ______________ (grip) the rail tightly. ② 恐惧攫住了她，但她仍紧握操纵杆。 Fear gripped her, but she still held the lever tightly. gripped 13. fetch /fetʃ/ vt.（去）拿来；（去）请来 近义词辨析：bring 带来；take 带走；fetch 去取来（强调往返） 【课文原句】 My niece came in to fetch something, maybe her handkerchief, apparently without seeing me. 我的侄女进来取东西，也许是她的手帕，显然没有看见我。 【高考链接】 The service robot can fetch books, carry bags, and guide visitors around the library.（2026杭州高考模拟） 【用法搭配】 fetch sb sth 为某人取来某物 fetch a doctor 去请医生 【语境应用】 ① The assistant was sent ______________ (fetch) the missing tool. ② 机器人迅速取来毯子，轻轻盖在受伤男孩身上。 The robot quickly fetched a blanket and gently covered the injured boy with it. to fetch 14. turn out 关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是 相关短语：turn on 打开；turn off 关闭；turn up 出现；调高；turn down 拒绝；调低；turn to 求助于 【课文语境】 The experiment may turn out differently from what the scientist expects. 实验结果可能与科学家的预期不同。 【高考链接】 In the end, it turned out that my plan was effective and the project was a great success.（2022新高考I卷续写训练） 【用法搭配】 turn out to be 结果是 it turns out that 结果证明 【语境应用】 ① The strange signal eventually ______________ (turn) out to be harmless. ② 事实证明，那台看似冷漠的机器人一直在暗中保护她。 It turned out that the seemingly cold robot had been protecting her all along. turned 15. urge /ɜːdʒ/ n. 强烈的欲望；冲动 vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐 派生词：urgent adj. 紧急的；urgency n. 紧迫 【课文原句】 I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes! 我有一种强烈的冲动，想看看那些在我眼前闪过的随机事物！ 【高考链接】 The trick is to let them struggle a bit—resist the urge to help fix things the moment they experience a setback.（2026新课标II卷） 【用法搭配】 have an urge to do 强烈想做…… urge sb to do 催促某人做…… 【语境应用】 ① Yesterday the teacher ______________ (urge) us to question the robot's decision. ② 她强忍住逃跑的冲动。 She resisted the urge to run away. urged 16. stun /stʌn/ vt. 使震惊；使昏迷 派生词：stunned adj. 震惊的；stunning adj. 极有魅力的；令人震惊的 【课文原句】 I was stunned for a moment, and then heard the sound of thunder. 我一时惊呆了，随后听见了雷声。 【高考链接】 He presented the delicately wrapped parcel to Allen, who was stunned by the surprise.（2026北京海淀期末） 【用法搭配】 be stunned by 被……震惊 stun the audience 震惊观众 【语境应用】 ① Everyone stood there, completely ______________ (stun) by the robot's response. ② 她震惊得僵在原地，一句话也说不出来。 Stunned by what she saw, she froze on the spot, unable to utter a word. stunned 【本单元重点词组】 1. 预约 make an appointment 2. 因……感到内疚 feel guilty about 3. 不予考虑某想法 dismiss an idea 4. 宣布…… declare that 5. A……，而B…… A..., whereas B... 6. 被认为…… be presumed to do 7. 定期地 on a regular basis 8. 比……优越 be superior to 9. 接管控制权 take over control 10. 与……冲突 conflict with 11. 向后移动 move backwards 12. 紧握把手 grip the handle 13. 为某人取来某物 fetch sb sth 14. 结果是…… turn out to be 15. 强烈想做…… have an urge to do 16. 克制冲动 resist the urge 17. 被……震惊 be stunned by 18. 惊人的发现 a stunning discovery 【真题演练】 Last Friday, our science club 1. ____________ (receive) a domestic robot for a week-long test. At first, everyone made 2. ____________ appointment to observe it closely. The robot followed instructions 3. ____________ (accurate), but it sometimes failed to understand emotion. One student gave an order 4. ____________ conflicted with its safety rules. The machine stopped and waited for the command 5. ________________ (change). Since then, the team 6. _______________ (discuss) how humans should work with intelligent machines. Several 7. ____________ (member) argued that robots should never take over final decisions. Others believed difficult work could be completed 8. ____________ greater safety through cooperation. After a careful review, the teacher declared the test a 9. ____________ (succeed). The robot was finally returned to the laboratory, 10. ____________ (leave) us with new questions about trust and responsibility. received an accurately that to be changed has discussed members with success leaving 【外刊改编】 改编自 NSF｜Robotics: Engineering the Future of Intelligent Machines（高中适配） A robot is 1. ____________ machine that can carry out complex tasks automatically. Modern robotics combines engineering, software and artificial 2. _____________ (intelligent). These systems help people complete repetitive or detailed work, sometimes 3. ____________ dangerous conditions. A robot can enter a hazardous environment, 4. ____________ humans cannot safely work. Before it acts, information from sensors 5. ______________ (process) by its control system. When the first hospital robots appeared, researchers 6. _________________ (develop) increasingly capable machines for factories, hospitals and space exploration. Some robots move through extreme conditions while 7. ____________ (carry) scientific instruments. Others support doctors by performing tasks with greater 8. ____________ (precise). Their abilities are impressive, but human judgment remains 9. _________________ (important) than speed alone. As robots become more capable, engineers must design them 10. ____________ (work) safely with people. a intelligence in where is processed were developing carrying precision more important to work $