Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking（导学案）英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语导学案围绕“John Snow战胜霍乱”主题，聚焦单元核心词汇（如frustrated、suspect）、核心句型（so...that...结果状语从句、have sth done结构）及课文内容结构。通过单词填空、短语匹配等基础练习导入，衔接词汇与句型学习，搭建从语言知识到语篇理解的学习支架。 资料亮点在于知识点解析结合语境（如frustrated的词性转换及串记），练习题覆盖词汇、语法与语篇应用，辅以学习反思模块。助力学生提升语言能力（词汇句型运用），培养思维品质（文本结构分析与逻辑推断），同时通过自主检测与反思发展学习能力，符合英语学科深度学习需求。

Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking导学案 1.能识单元相关的词汇：defeat 、severe、frustrated、transform、contradictory、infection、germ、roof、multiple、pump、suspect、blame、handle、intervention、pure、substantial等。 2.核心句型：so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句 have sth done结构中过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动的含义（学习理解） 3.理解课文JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA 内容及结构。 重点：掌握核心词汇句型 难点：理解课文JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA 内容及结构 一．单词填空 1. vt.击败；战胜(＝beat)；使失败；阻挠；挫败n．[C，U]失败；战败 2. /sI'vIə(r)/adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 3. /frʌ'streItId/adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 4. /træns'fɔːm/使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变 5. /ˌkɒntrə'dIktəri/adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 6. /In'fekʃn/n.[U]感染；传染 7. /dʒɜːm/n.[C，usually pl.]微生物；细菌；病菌 8. /pruːf/n.[U，C]证明；证据；检验(复数proofs) 9. /'mʌltIpl/adj.数量多的；多种多样的 10. /pʌmp/n.[C]抽水机；泵；打气筒 11. /sə'spekt/vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 12. /bleIm/vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．[U]责备；指责 13. /'hændl/n.[C]把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 14. /ˌIntə'venʃn/n.介入；出面；干涉 15. /pjʊə(r)/adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的 16. /səb'stænʃl/adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 一、单词填空 1． 最终地；彻底地 2． 同意；赞同 3． 幸亏；由于 4． 经过一段时间之后；迟早 5． 照顾；护理 6． 总的说来；从总体上看 7． 很可能做某事 8． 死于；因……而死 9． 因此，由于；作为……的结果 10． 开始做事；开始认真考虑某事 二、翻译 1.As a young doctor, John Snow became because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(教材P2)作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何防治霍乱。 2.Snow that the water pump was to blame.(教材P2)斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。 3.Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial .(教材P3) 经过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售纯净水，世界各地的霍乱威胁也大量减少。 4.Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, the work of John Snow.(教材P3) 幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱了。 5.This was when you should have calmed down and doing some solid work.(教材P5)这时候你本应该冷静下来，开始做一些扎实的工作。 一.分析文本结构 二、根据文本选择最佳答案 1．What do you know about cholera in the early 19th century? A．It caused panic among people in Europe. B．It immediately made John Snow feel depressed. C．It did leave Queen Victoria sorrowful and disturbed. D．It attracted the attention of many workers. 2．What did Snow think of the two contradictory theories? A．He thought both sounded reasonable. B．He agreed with the second theory. C．He denied both of the theories. D．He got no proof of the theories. 3．Why did Snow suspect the water pump was to blame? A．Broad Street witnessed a lot of deaths. B．Those people working in the pub survived. C．A woman and her daughter moved away. D．It was clear that the water in the pump was polluted. 三．核心知识点解析 知识点1：frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(教材P2)作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何防治霍乱。 【精讲】feel frustrated at/with　　对……感到沮丧/懊恼 frustrate vt. 使懊丧；使懊恼；挫败；阻止；防止 frustrating adj. 令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的 (常形容事物) frustration n．[U] 懊丧；沮丧[C，usually pl.] 令人懊丧(或懊恼、沮丧)的事物 ①They felt frustrated at the lack of progress. 没有进展，他们感到沮丧。 ②The hunter felt very frustrated as he hadn’t caught any animals. 猎人感到很沮丧，因为他没有捕捉到任何动物。 ③Every job has its difficulties and frustrations (frustrate)． 每份工作都有其困难和令人懊恼之处。 [语境串记] What frustrated me most was the frustrating news about the football match, whose result made everyone here frustrated. 最让我沮丧的是这个令人沮丧的关于足球比赛的消息，比赛结果使这里的每个人都很沮丧。 知识点2：suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(教材P2)斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。 【精讲】(1)suspect that...　怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生) suspect sb to be... 怀疑某人是…… suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事 (2)a murder suspect 杀人嫌疑犯 the main/prime suspect 首要嫌疑人 ①The police suspected him of telling (tell) a lie about his movements last night. 警方怀疑他关于昨晚的行踪说了谎。 ②If the mother has a suspected or confirmed COVID－19 case, breast feeding should be stopped and she should be separated from the baby. 如果母亲疑似或被确诊感染新型冠状病毒肺炎，则应中止母乳喂养，母亲应与婴儿隔离。 [名师提醒]　有些单词词性不同，发音不同。作名词时重音在前，作动词时重音在后，即“名前动后”。 知识点3：blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责(教材P2) 【精讲】 (1)blame sb for (doing) sth　因(做)某事责备某人 blame sth on... 把某事归咎于…… be to blame (for sth) (对某事)负有责任 (2)take the blame for 对……承担责任 put/lay/place the blame for sth on... 把某事归咎于…… If that happens，the coach will take the blame for it. 如果发生那样的事，教练将对此承担责任。 [语境串记] He is blamed for the big mistake, but he blamed it on others.In fact, it is he, not others, that is to blame for it. 他因这次严重的错误受到了责备，但他把它归咎于别人。事实上，应该是他，而不是别人，对此负责。 知识点4：handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(教材P2) 因此，他把水泵的手柄拆除了，这样水泵就不能用了。[一词多义]　写出下列句中handle的词性及含义 【精讲】①Slowly he stooped(弯腰) down, grasped the handles on both sides of the box, and gathered all his strength to lift it.n.把手 ②But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions：“Who are you？What antique shop？”However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call.vt.处理 ③I wasn’t sure if I could handle such a powerful car.vt.操纵 ④The label on the box said：“Fragile.Handle with care.”vt.搬动 知识点5：link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联；挽住 Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.(教材P3)此外，斯诺后来能够指出其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。 【精讲】(1)link...to/with...　把……与……连接/联系起来 be linked to/with 与……有联系/关系 (2)a link between...and... ……与……之间的关系/联系 a rail/road/telephone link 铁路/公路/电话线 ①The newly－built subway will link the airport to the city centre. 新建的地铁将把机场和市中心连接起来。 ②Yellow is generally linked with confidence, self－respect and friendliness. 黄色一般与自信、自尊和友好联系在一起。 ③In my opinion, there is a close link between teachers and students. 在我看来，师生之间有着密切的关系。 知识点6：decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.(教材P3)经过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售纯净水，世界各地的霍乱威胁也大量减少。 【精讲】(1)decrease (from...)to(从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量) decrease by 减少了……(表示减少的量) decrease in 在……方面减少 (2)a decrease in... ……的减少 on the decrease 在减少 ①This species of bird is decreasing in number every year. 这种鸟的种类在逐年减少。 ②The price of wheat has decreased by 5%。 小麦价格降低了5%。 ③There has been a decrease in traffic accidents. 交通事故减少了。 ④The charge for transportation is on the decrease because of lower fuel costs. 由于更低的燃料成本，运输费用在降低。 [链接写作]　补全句子 ⑤The new law has come into effect, and the number of wild animals here is increasing/on the increase now. 新的法律已经生效，这里的野生动物的数量正在增加。 知识点7：subscribe to同意；赞同；订购；捐款 Snow subscribed to the second theory.(教材P2)斯诺赞同第二种理论。 【精讲】[一词多义]　写出下列句中subscribe to的含义 ①We prefer to subscribe to an alternative explanation.赞同 ②Subscribe to the magazine for twelve months and you will receive a free limited－edition T－shirt.订阅 ③He is one of the millions who subscribe to the NSPCC.捐款 知识点8：thanks to幸亏；由于 Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.(教材P3)幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱了。 【精讲】表示“由于；因为”的其他常用短语 because of　　　因为；由于(常作状语) owing to 由于；因为(作状语或表语) as a result of 作为……的结果；由于(作状语) due to 因为；由于(作状语或表语) on account of 由于；因为(作状语或表语) ①His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.他的失败是由于缺少经验。 ②The train arrived late on account of/as a result of a heavy snow.火车因为大雪晚点了。 ③He was injured due to/owing to a car accident.他因为车祸受伤了。 知识点9：get down to开始干，着手做 This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.(教材P5)这时候你本应该冷静下来，开始做一些扎实的工作。 【精讲】get across (to)　　(使)被理解；(把……)讲清楚 get around/round (消息等)传开 get over 越过(墙等)，克服(困难、偏见等) get through (使)通过，(电话)接通，办完 ①The information on the Internet gets around/round much more rapidly than that in the newspaper. 网上的信息比报纸上的信息传播得要快得多。 ②I am sure he will get over his illness.我相信他一定会战胜疾病的。 ③How long will it take us to get through the customs?通过海关检查要花费我们多长时间？ [名师提醒]　表示“开始做某事”的结构还有：begin/start to do/doing sth, set about doing sth, set out to do sth等。 [链接写作]　补全句子 ④I’m going to get down to studying English this term. 这学期我要开始学英语了。 知识点10：He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(教材P2)他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱疫情非常严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。 【精讲】(1)so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，此结构中so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词。其结构为： so＋ (2)such...that作“如此……以至于”，连接一个表示结果的状语从句时，与so...that意思相同，但用法不同。such后边要跟名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)，such...that的句型结构可分以下三种： ①such＋a(n)＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that... ②such＋adj.＋可数名词复数＋that... ③such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that... ①This is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it. →This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。 ②He had so many things to do that he was busy all day long.他要做的事情太多，以至于整天忙个不停。 2.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(教材P2)这个女人似乎非常喜欢(饮用)水泵里的水，因此她每天都让人把水送到她家。 have sth done结构中过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动的含义，此结构有时也可以用get sth done来替换；其常用三种含义如下：(1)表示“让某人做某事” (2)表示“遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击” (3)表示“做完某事(主语可能参与其中)” ①I must have my bike repaired today.我今天一定要找人修我的自行车。 ②He had his leg broken when playing football.他踢足球时把腿弄断了。 [链接写作]　补全句子 ③He had his computer repaired last weekend.上周末他让人修理了他的电脑。 一.根据首字母或汉语提示拼写单词 1．What was it that made her (改变) from an ordinary woman into a successful lady? 2．I didn’t know how to (应对) the situation, but an idea suddenly struck me that I could turn to my best friend for help. 3．What they may not know is that some bottled water may not be as (干净的) as they expect. 4．Household behaviour actually can make a (重大的) difference, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, according to researchers from Michigan State University and Vanderbilt University. 5．In a world that warms up by 3 ℃， it found that (多种多样的) changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. 6．According to the latest rule, people shall sort (家庭) garbage into four categories. 7．The destruction of the earthquake was so that it might take years to rebuild the city. 8．I keep getting advice—some people tell me to keep it warm and some tell me to put ice on it. 9．Since the of the Novel coronavirus disease, the Chinese have been making all－out efforts to battle against it. 10．Researchers claim to have found the that getting a regular eight－hour sleep every night makes a real difference to our health. 二.选词填空 subscribe to, die from, attend to, once and for all, in general，for this reason, thanks to, as a result of, what is more, find out, in time 1．When the outbreak of cholera hit the world, tens of thousands of people the disease. 2．In those days doctors had two contradictory theories.Snow the second theory. 3．He was determined to the truth of this incident. 4． , in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. 5． , he rose to become a famous doctor, and even Queen Victoria when she gave birth. 6．However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera ． 7． , physics is only one science among many. 8． this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. 9． the Chinese people’s united and arduous efforts, the situation in China is getting better. 10． , Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. 三.课文语法填空 In the early 19th century, an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, 1. (cause) millions of deaths.Seeing this, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.At that time, doctors 2. (have) two theories to explain how cholera spread.One was that bad air caused the disease and another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.John Snow discovered that in two particular streets 3. cholera outbreak was so severe that over 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.Through 4. (he) serious investigation, he found it was the pump water in Broad Street containing germs 5. resulted in the outbreak of cholera.Therefore, he had the handle of the pump 6. (remove) so that it could not be used.Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. It turned out that the water from the Broad Street pump 7. (infect) by waste.Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link 8. other cases of cholera and the different water 9. (company) in London.Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.10. (fortunate), we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．出错 / 听不懂的原因：□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他________________________ 4．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking导学案 1.能识单元相关的词汇：defeat 、severe、frustrated、transform、contradictory、infection、germ、roof、multiple、pump、suspect、blame、handle、intervention、pure、substantial等。 2.核心句型：so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句 have sth done结构中过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动的含义（学习理解） 3.理解课文JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA 内容及结构。 重点：掌握核心词汇句型 难点：理解课文JOHN SNOW DEFEATS“KING CHOLERA 内容及结构 一．单词填空 1. vt.击败；战胜(＝beat)；使失败；阻挠；挫败n．[C，U]失败；战败 2. /sI'vIə(r)/adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 3. /frʌ'streItId/adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 4. /træns'fɔːm/使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变 5. /ˌkɒntrə'dIktəri/adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 6. /In'fekʃn/n.[U]感染；传染 7. /dʒɜːm/n.[C，usually pl.]微生物；细菌；病菌 8. /pruːf/n.[U，C]证明；证据；检验(复数proofs) 9. /'mʌltIpl/adj.数量多的；多种多样的 10. /pʌmp/n.[C]抽水机；泵；打气筒 11. /sə'spekt/vt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 12. /bleIm/vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n．[U]责备；指责 13. /'hændl/n.[C]把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) 14. /ˌIntə'venʃn/n.介入；出面；干涉 15. /pjʊə(r)/adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的 16. /səb'stænʃl/adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 【答案】1.defeat 2.severe 3.frustrated 4.transform 5.contradictory 6.infection 7.germ 8.proof 9.multiple 10.pump 11.suspect 12.blame 13.handle 14.intervention 15.pure 16.substantial 一、单词填空 1． 最终地；彻底地 2． 同意；赞同 3． 幸亏；由于 4． 经过一段时间之后；迟早 5． 照顾；护理 6． 总的说来；从总体上看 7． 很可能做某事 8． 死于；因……而死 9． 因此，由于；作为……的结果 10． 开始做事；开始认真考虑某事 【答案】1.once and for all 2.subscribe to 3.thanks to 4.in time 5.attend to 6.in general 7.be likely to do sth 8.die from 9.as a result of 10.get down to 二、翻译 1.As a young doctor, John Snow became because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(教材P2)作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何防治霍乱。 2.Snow that the water pump was to blame.(教材P2)斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。 3.Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial .(教材P3) 经过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售纯净水，世界各地的霍乱威胁也大量减少。 4.Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, the work of John Snow.(教材P3) 幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱了。 5.This was when you should have calmed down and doing some solid work.(教材P5)这时候你本应该冷静下来，开始做一些扎实的工作。 【答案】1.frustrated 2.suspected 3.decrease 4.thanks to 5.got down to 一.分析文本结构 二、根据文本选择最佳答案 1．What do you know about cholera in the early 19th century? A．It caused panic among people in Europe. B．It immediately made John Snow feel depressed. C．It did leave Queen Victoria sorrowful and disturbed. D．It attracted the attention of many workers. 2．What did Snow think of the two contradictory theories? A．He thought both sounded reasonable. B．He agreed with the second theory. C．He denied both of the theories. D．He got no proof of the theories. 3．Why did Snow suspect the water pump was to blame? A．Broad Street witnessed a lot of deaths. B．Those people working in the pub survived. C．A woman and her daughter moved away. D．It was clear that the water in the pump was polluted. 【答案】1.A　2.B　3.B 三．核心知识点解析 知识点1：frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.(教材P2)作为一名年轻的医生，约翰·斯诺变得沮丧，因为没有人知道如何防治霍乱。 【精讲】feel frustrated at/with　　对……感到沮丧/懊恼 frustrate vt. 使懊丧；使懊恼；挫败；阻止；防止 frustrating adj. 令人懊恼的；令人沮丧的 (常形容事物) frustration n．[U] 懊丧；沮丧[C，usually pl.] 令人懊丧(或懊恼、沮丧)的事物 ①They felt frustrated at the lack of progress. 没有进展，他们感到沮丧。 ②The hunter felt very frustrated as he hadn’t caught any animals. 猎人感到很沮丧，因为他没有捕捉到任何动物。 ③Every job has its difficulties and frustrations (frustrate)． 每份工作都有其困难和令人懊恼之处。 [语境串记] What frustrated me most was the frustrating news about the football match, whose result made everyone here frustrated. 最让我沮丧的是这个令人沮丧的关于足球比赛的消息，比赛结果使这里的每个人都很沮丧。 知识点2：suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.(教材P2)斯诺怀疑是水泵的问题。 【精讲】(1)suspect that...　怀疑/认为……(尤指坏事可能属实或发生) suspect sb to be... 怀疑某人是…… suspect sb of (doing) sth 怀疑某人(做过)某事 (2)a murder suspect 杀人嫌疑犯 the main/prime suspect 首要嫌疑人 ①The police suspected him of telling (tell) a lie about his movements last night. 警方怀疑他关于昨晚的行踪说了谎。 ②If the mother has a suspected or confirmed COVID－19 case, breast feeding should be stopped and she should be separated from the baby. 如果母亲疑似或被确诊感染新型冠状病毒肺炎，则应中止母乳喂养，母亲应与婴儿隔离。 [名师提醒]　有些单词词性不同，发音不同。作名词时重音在前，作动词时重音在后，即“名前动后”。 知识点3：blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责(教材P2) 【精讲】 (1)blame sb for (doing) sth　因(做)某事责备某人 blame sth on... 把某事归咎于…… be to blame (for sth) (对某事)负有责任 (2)take the blame for 对……承担责任 put/lay/place the blame for sth on... 把某事归咎于…… If that happens，the coach will take the blame for it. 如果发生那样的事，教练将对此承担责任。 [语境串记] He is blamed for the big mistake, but he blamed it on others.In fact, it is he, not others, that is to blame for it. 他因这次严重的错误受到了责备，但他把它归咎于别人。事实上，应该是他，而不是别人，对此负责。 知识点4：handle n．把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等) Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.(教材P2) 因此，他把水泵的手柄拆除了，这样水泵就不能用了。[一词多义]　写出下列句中handle的词性及含义 【精讲】①Slowly he stooped(弯腰) down, grasped the handles on both sides of the box, and gathered all his strength to lift it.n.把手 ②But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him with questions：“Who are you？What antique shop？”However, when she hung up, she regretted the way she had handled the call.vt.处理 ③I wasn’t sure if I could handle such a powerful car.vt.操纵 ④The label on the box said：“Fragile.Handle with care.”vt.搬动 知识点5：link n．联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联；挽住 Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.(教材P3)此外，斯诺后来能够指出其他霍乱病例与伦敦不同供水公司之间的联系。 【精讲】(1)link...to/with...　把……与……连接/联系起来 be linked to/with 与……有联系/关系 (2)a link between...and... ……与……之间的关系/联系 a rail/road/telephone link 铁路/公路/电话线 ①The newly－built subway will link the airport to the city centre. 新建的地铁将把机场和市中心连接起来。 ②Yellow is generally linked with confidence, self－respect and friendliness. 黄色一般与自信、自尊和友好联系在一起。 ③In my opinion, there is a close link between teachers and students. 在我看来，师生之间有着密切的关系。 知识点6：decrease n．减少；降低；减少量 Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.(教材P3)经过斯诺的不懈努力，供水公司开始销售纯净水，世界各地的霍乱威胁也大量减少。 【精讲】(1)decrease (from...)to(从……)减少到……(表示减少后的量) decrease by 减少了……(表示减少的量) decrease in 在……方面减少 (2)a decrease in... ……的减少 on the decrease 在减少 ①This species of bird is decreasing in number every year. 这种鸟的种类在逐年减少。 ②The price of wheat has decreased by 5%。 小麦价格降低了5%。 ③There has been a decrease in traffic accidents. 交通事故减少了。 ④The charge for transportation is on the decrease because of lower fuel costs. 由于更低的燃料成本，运输费用在降低。 [链接写作]　补全句子 ⑤The new law has come into effect, and the number of wild animals here is increasing/on the increase now. 新的法律已经生效，这里的野生动物的数量正在增加。 知识点7：subscribe to同意；赞同；订购；捐款 Snow subscribed to the second theory.(教材P2)斯诺赞同第二种理论。 【精讲】[一词多义]　写出下列句中subscribe to的含义 ①We prefer to subscribe to an alternative explanation.赞同 ②Subscribe to the magazine for twelve months and you will receive a free limited－edition T－shirt.订阅 ③He is one of the millions who subscribe to the NSPCC.捐款 知识点8：thanks to幸亏；由于 Fortunately, we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow.(教材P3)幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道如何预防霍乱了。 【精讲】表示“由于；因为”的其他常用短语 because of　　　因为；由于(常作状语) owing to 由于；因为(作状语或表语) as a result of 作为……的结果；由于(作状语) due to 因为；由于(作状语或表语) on account of 由于；因为(作状语或表语) ①His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.他的失败是由于缺少经验。 ②The train arrived late on account of/as a result of a heavy snow.火车因为大雪晚点了。 ③He was injured due to/owing to a car accident.他因为车祸受伤了。 知识点9：get down to开始干，着手做 This was when you should have calmed down and got down to doing some solid work.(教材P5)这时候你本应该冷静下来，开始做一些扎实的工作。 【精讲】get across (to)　　(使)被理解；(把……)讲清楚 get around/round (消息等)传开 get over 越过(墙等)，克服(困难、偏见等) get through (使)通过，(电话)接通，办完 ①The information on the Internet gets around/round much more rapidly than that in the newspaper. 网上的信息比报纸上的信息传播得要快得多。 ②I am sure he will get over his illness.我相信他一定会战胜疾病的。 ③How long will it take us to get through the customs?通过海关检查要花费我们多长时间？ [名师提醒]　表示“开始做某事”的结构还有：begin/start to do/doing sth, set about doing sth, set out to do sth等。 [链接写作]　补全句子 ④I’m going to get down to studying English this term. 这学期我要开始学英语了。 知识点10：He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.(教材P2)他发现，在两条特定的街道上，霍乱疫情非常严重，十天内就有500多人死亡。 【精讲】(1)so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句，此结构中so为副词，后面跟形容词或副词。其结构为： so＋ (2)such...that作“如此……以至于”，连接一个表示结果的状语从句时，与so...that意思相同，但用法不同。such后边要跟名词(这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带)，such...that的句型结构可分以下三种： ①such＋a(n)＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that... ②such＋adj.＋可数名词复数＋that... ③such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that... ①This is such an interesting book that we all enjoy reading it. →This is so interesting a book that we all enjoy reading it. 这本书非常有趣，我们都喜欢看。 ②He had so many things to do that he was busy all day long.他要做的事情太多，以至于整天忙个不停。 2.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(教材P2)这个女人似乎非常喜欢(饮用)水泵里的水，因此她每天都让人把水送到她家。 have sth done结构中过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动的含义，此结构有时也可以用get sth done来替换；其常用三种含义如下：(1)表示“让某人做某事” (2)表示“遭遇到某种不幸；受到打击” (3)表示“做完某事(主语可能参与其中)” ①I must have my bike repaired today.我今天一定要找人修我的自行车。 ②He had his leg broken when playing football.他踢足球时把腿弄断了。 [链接写作]　补全句子 ③He had his computer repaired last weekend.上周末他让人修理了他的电脑。 一.根据首字母或汉语提示拼写单词 1．What was it that made her (改变) from an ordinary woman into a successful lady? 2．I didn’t know how to (应对) the situation, but an idea suddenly struck me that I could turn to my best friend for help. 3．What they may not know is that some bottled water may not be as (干净的) as they expect. 4．Household behaviour actually can make a (重大的) difference, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, according to researchers from Michigan State University and Vanderbilt University. 5．In a world that warms up by 3 ℃， it found that (多种多样的) changes to the colour of the oceans would occur. 6．According to the latest rule, people shall sort (家庭) garbage into four categories. 7．The destruction of the earthquake was so that it might take years to rebuild the city. 8．I keep getting advice—some people tell me to keep it warm and some tell me to put ice on it. 9．Since the of the Novel coronavirus disease, the Chinese have been making all－out efforts to battle against it. 10．Researchers claim to have found the that getting a regular eight－hour sleep every night makes a real difference to our health. 【答案】1.transform 2.handle 3.pure 4.substantial 5.multiple 6.household 7.severe 8.contradictory 9.outbreak 10.proof 二.选词填空 subscribe to, die from, attend to, once and for all, in general，for this reason, thanks to, as a result of, what is more, find out, in time 1．When the outbreak of cholera hit the world, tens of thousands of people the disease. 2．In those days doctors had two contradictory theories.Snow the second theory. 3．He was determined to the truth of this incident. 4． , in another part of London, a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street. 5． , he rose to become a famous doctor, and even Queen Victoria when she gave birth. 6．However, he never lost his desire to destroy cholera ． 7． , physics is only one science among many. 8． this evidence, John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs. 9． the Chinese people’s united and arduous efforts, the situation in China is getting better. 10． , Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. 【答案】1.died from2.subscribed to3.find out4.What is more5. In time，attended to6.once and for all7.In general8.As a result of9.Thanks to10.For this reason 三.课文语法填空 In the early 19th century, an outbreak of cholera hit Europe, 1. (cause) millions of deaths.Seeing this, John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.At that time, doctors 2. (have) two theories to explain how cholera spread.One was that bad air caused the disease and another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.John Snow discovered that in two particular streets 3. cholera outbreak was so severe that over 500 people died in ten days.He was determined to find out why.Through 4. (he) serious investigation, he found it was the pump water in Broad Street containing germs 5. resulted in the outbreak of cholera.Therefore, he had the handle of the pump 6. (remove) so that it could not be used.Through this intervention, the disease was stopped in its tracks. It turned out that the water from the Broad Street pump 7. (infect) by waste.Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link 8. other cases of cholera and the different water 9. (company) in London.Through Snow’s tireless efforts, water companies began to sell clean water, and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.10. (fortunate), we now know how to prevent cholera, thanks to the work of John Snow. 【语篇解读】　本文介绍了约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”。 1【答案】causing　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词cause与an outbreak of cholera之间是主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。 2．【答案】had　 【解析】考查时态。根据句中的At that time及前后句的时态可知，此处应用一般过去时。 3．【答案】the　 【解析】考查冠词。根据上文可知，此处指的是19世纪初发生在欧洲的那次霍乱，表特指，故填the。 4．【答案】his　 【解析】考查代词。根据空后的investigation可知，此处应用he的形容词性物主代词his。 5．【答案】that　 【解析】考查强调句。found后是一个强调句，强调了句子的主语the pump water in Broad Street containing germs，故填that。 6．【答案】removed　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处考查了“have sth done”结构；remove与the handle of the pump之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此用过去分词。 7．【答案】had been infected　 【解析】考查时态和语态。根据“It turned out”可知，infect所表示的动作发生在turned out所表示的动作之前，而infect与主语water之间是动宾关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态。 8．【答案】between　 【解析】考查介词。a link between...and...意为“……与……之间的联系”。 9．【答案】companies　 【解析】考查名词的数。根据句中的different可知，此处用company的复数形式。 10．【答案】Fortunately　 【解析】考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处位于句首，修饰整个句子，故用副词。 1．本节课核心知识（结合课堂知识总结）：_________________________________________________ 2．今日错题 / 不懂的内容：_______________________________________________________________ 3．出错 / 听不懂的原因：□概念不会 □审题马虎 □思路没掌握 □其他________________________ 4．我的改进小计划： _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $