摘要:
**基本信息**
以“方法-素材-训练”三维体系构建发明主题写作能力,通过阶梯式训练实现语言能力与思维品质的协同提升。
**专项设计**
|模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑|
|----|-----------|----------|----------|
|写作素材库|分类词汇(4类)+搭配(18组)|分类构建主题词网,强化语境应用|从核心概念(发明/发明家)到属性描述(材料/功能)的词汇生成链|
|黄金句型库|句型(4类)+升级示例(5组)|功能句型与逻辑连接结合,实现基础句到复杂句的升级|“名称-特征-功能-价值”的句型逻辑链,匹配写作内容要素|
|高分写作方法|5步写作法(审题到检查)|结构化写作流程,明确每步核心任务|“审题定位-结构搭建-内容丰富-语言提升-检查修改”的写作闭环|
|阶梯训练|句子训练(3级)+篇章训练(2篇)|从单句翻译/仿写/升级到篇章应用,实现能力分层递进|“基础表达-句式优化-语篇构建”的语言能力发展逻辑|
内容正文:
Unit 4 Inventions
单元写作专项训练
一、单元核心信息
二、写作素材库
1. 主题词汇
发明相关名词
invention 发明
inventor 发明家
wheel 轮;车轮
steam locomotive 蒸汽机车
balloon 气球
3D printer 3D打印机
flying car 飞行汽车
solar power 太阳能
wing 机翼
distance 距离
petrol 汽油
technology 技术
design 设计
material 材料
metal 金属
plastic 塑料
clay 黏土
type 活字;类型
movable type 活字印刷
printing 印刷
发明相关动词
invent 发明
create 创造
design 设计
produce 生产
develop 发展
improve 改进
attach 把……固定;把……附(在……上)
pull 拉;拖
depend 依靠;依赖
heat 加热
press 压
notice 注意到
avoid 避免
attach 把……固定;把……附(在……上)
increase 增加
spread 传播
描述发明的形容词
creative 有创造力的
useful 有用的
helpful 有帮助的
convenient 方便的
efficient 高效的
important 重要的
cheap 便宜的
expensive 昂贵的
rapid 迅速的
fast 快的
slow 慢的
light 轻的
heavy 重的
safe 安全的
green 环保的
digital 数码的
描述发明过程的词汇
first 首先
then 然后
next 接着
finally 最后
step 步骤
experiment 实验
test 测试
improve 改进
solve 解决
problem 问题
difficulty 困难
challenge 挑战
accident 事故
mistake 错误
breakthrough 突破
2. 高频搭配
depend on 依靠;依赖
without doubt 毫无疑问
of all time 自古以来;有史以来
make fun of 取笑;拿……开玩笑
traffic jam 堵车;交通阻塞
on foot 步行
a number of 几个;若干
take place 发生;进行
for instance 例如;比如
large amounts of 大量
international trade 国际贸易
3D printer 3D打印机
on foot 步行
in search of 寻找
depend on 依靠;依赖
as a result 结果
for sure 肯定地
so that 以便;为了
3. 写作功能表达
描述发明名称与目的
My invention is ... 我的发明是……
It is fast,convenient and green. 它快速、方便且环保。
I designed it to ... 我设计它是为了……
描述发明外观与功能
It has ... 它有……
It can ... 它能……
It is made of / from ... 它由……制成。
It runs on ... 它靠……运行。
描述使用方法
It can be controlled by ... 它可以通过……控制。
If you ...,it will ... 如果你……,它会……
You can ... by ... 你可以通过……来……
描述发明影响
It will help people ... 它将帮助人们……
It will make ... easier. 它将使……更容易。
... will be improved by ... ……将被……改进。
三、黄金句型库
1. 开头句型
My invention is ...
我的发明是……
I would like to introduce my new invention to you.
我想向你介绍我的新发明。
Have you ever thought about ...?
你曾经想过……吗?
Today,I’m going to talk about a great invention.
今天,我要谈论一项伟大的发明。
2. 主体句型
My invention is fast,convenient and green.
我的发明快速、方便且环保。
It has four wheels and two wings.
它有四个轮子和两个翅膀。
It can run on land and fly in the air.
它可以在陆地上跑,在空中飞。
It has a top speed of ... km/h.
它的最高速度是……公里/小时。
Instead of petrol,it uses solar power.
它不用汽油,而是使用太阳能。
If you shout “Fly!”,the car will turn into a plane.
如果你喊“飞!”,汽车就会变成飞机。
3. 结尾句型
My invention will help people avoid traffic jams.
我的发明将帮助人们避免交通堵塞。
It will make driving a more exciting experience.
它将使驾驶成为一种更令人兴奋的体验。
I believe that my invention will make our lives better.
我相信我的发明将使我们的生活更美好。
This invention will change the way we travel.
这项发明将改变我们旅行的方式。
4. 句型升级
基础句
升级句
My invention is a flying car. 我的发明是一辆飞行汽车。
My invention is a flying car. It is fast,convenient and green. 我的发明是一辆飞行汽车。它快速、方便且环保。
It has four wheels. 它有四个轮子。
It has four wheels and two wings,so it can run on land and fly in the air. 它有四个轮子和两个翅膀,所以它可以在陆地上跑,在空中飞。
It uses solar power. 它使用太阳能。
Instead of petrol,the car uses solar power,so it will not pollute the air. 汽车不使用汽油,而是使用太阳能,所以不会污染空气。
You can control it by voice. 你可以通过语音控制它。
The car can be controlled by voice. If you shout “Fly!”,the car will turn into a plane in 30 seconds. 汽车可以通过语音控制。如果你喊“飞!”,汽车会在30秒内变成飞机。
It will help people. 它将帮助人们。
My invention will help people avoid traffic jams and enjoy the view at the same time. 我的发明将帮助人们避免交通堵塞,同时欣赏风景。
四、高分写作方法
Step 1 审题定位
明确写作任务为“写一篇关于一项新发明的文章”。写作内容应包括发明的名称、外观设计、主要功能、操作方法、解决的现实问题和实际价值。
写作形式: 短文(Article)
写作对象: 校刊读者或老师
时态要求: 一般现在时为主(描述功能和外观)
Step 2 搭建结构
第一段:引出发明
介绍发明的名称和设计目的,点出总体特点。
第二段:描述功能
描述发明的外观(外形、材料、主要部件)、主要功能和操作方法。
第三段:突出价值
说明发明解决的现实问题和给生活带来的好处,表达对发明意义的看法。
Step 3 丰富内容
不要只简单介绍发明,要加入具体的外观描述、功能细节和实际应用场景。例如不只写“It is a flying car.”,还要写“It has four wheels and two wings. It can run on land and fly in the air.”
Step 4 提升语言
使用一般现在时(is,has,can,runs)、情态动词(can,will)、条件句(If you...,it will...)、连接词(so,because,instead of,at the same time)和描述性形容词(fast,convenient,green),使文章内容充实、想象丰富。
Step 5 检查修改
检查内容是否完整(名称→外观→功能→操作→价值)、结构是否清晰(三段式)、条件句是否正确、拼写和标点是否有误。
五、阶梯训练
(一)句子训练
Level 1 汉译英
1. 我的发明是一辆飞行汽车。它快速、方便且环保。
____________________________________________________________
2. 它有四个轮子和两个翅膀,可以在陆地上跑,在空中飞。
____________________________________________________________
3. 汽车不使用汽油,而是使用太阳能,所以不会污染空气。
____________________________________________________________
4. 如果你喊“飞!”,汽车会在30秒内变成飞机。
____________________________________________________________
5. 我的发明将帮助人们避免交通堵塞,同时欣赏风景。
____________________________________________________________
Level 2 句型仿写(参照例句完成句子)
句型 1:My invention is ... It is ...(介绍发明及特点)
例句: My invention is a flying car. It is fast,convenient and green.
(1)我的发明是一辆折叠自行车。它轻便、小巧且方便携带。
____________________________________________________________
(2)我的发明是一支智能笔。它小、轻且易于使用。
____________________________________________________________
句型 2:It has ... and ...,so it can ...(描述外形与功能)
例句: It has four wheels and two wings,so it can run on land and fly in the air.
(1)它有六个轮子和一个电动马达,所以它可以在平地和斜坡上行驶。
____________________________________________________________
(2)它有一个大屏幕和一个键盘,所以它可以用来学习和娱乐。
____________________________________________________________
句型 3:Instead of ...,it uses ...(描述能源或材料)
例句: Instead of petrol,the car uses solar power.
(1)这辆车不使用汽油,而是使用电力。
____________________________________________________________
(2)这把椅子不用木头,而是用回收塑料制成。
____________________________________________________________
句型 4:It can be controlled by ...(描述控制方式)
例句: The car can be controlled by voice.
(1)这架无人机可以通过手机控制。
____________________________________________________________
(2)这个机器人可以通过遥控器控制。
____________________________________________________________
句型 5:If you ...,it will ...(描述操作效果)
例句: If you shout “Fly!”,the car will turn into a plane.
(1)如果你按下这个按钮,灯就会亮起来。
____________________________________________________________
(2)如果你触摸屏幕,它就会显示出信息。
____________________________________________________________
句型 6:It will help people ...(描述价值)
例句: It will help people avoid traffic jams.
(1)它将帮助人们节省时间。
____________________________________________________________
(2)它将帮助老年人更容易地生活。
____________________________________________________________
Level 3 句子升级
要求:参照下方示例,将基础句升级为内容更丰富、表达更高级的句子。
示例:
基础句:My invention is a flying car.
升级句:My invention is a flying car. It is fast,convenient and green.
1. 基础句:It has four wheels.
升级句:____________________________________________________________
2. 基础句:It uses solar power.
升级句:____________________________________________________________
3. 基础句:You can control it by voice.
升级句:____________________________________________________________
4. 基础句:It will help people.
升级句:____________________________________________________________
5. 基础句:It can fly in the air.
升级句:____________________________________________________________
6. 基础句:This invention is useful.
升级句:____________________________________________________________
(二)篇章训练
1.假如你是李华,学校举办以“科技改变生活” (Technology changes our life) 为题的演讲比赛。请从下面四个现代机器人中选出三个,介绍一下它们的功能,并分享你的想法。
Technology Changes Our Life
Modern Robots
goods transport robot
food service robot
sweeping robot
educational
robot
Functions
deliver automatically and exactly
1. serve meals
2. return
1. control directions by itself
2. avoid things in front
1. answer questions
2. teach in new ways
Your idea (s)
…
注意:
1. 词数:80词左右 (短文的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);
2. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息,否则不予评分。
Hello everyone. Today, I want to talk about how technology has changed our daily life.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for listening.
2.假设你是李华,你校英文报社“项目式学习专栏”收到许多关于健康生活的投稿,你们小组针对学生坐姿不正确等情况,发明了一款智能座椅。请你根据以下提示内容,写一篇英语发言稿,介绍这款智能座椅的主要功能,并分享你的收获。
Looks
have two sensors (传感器); in the seat and the back of the chair
How it works
remind you to sit straight; make a noise if you sit for too long
Benefits
help us to develop good habits/ have a rest/ do exercise…
Hope
help all the students…
要求:
1. 短文内容应包含题目要求所给的全部信息,可适当发挥;
2. 语句正确,意思通顺、连贯,书写规范;
3. 短文中不得出现你的任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等);
4. 词数:不少于60。(开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数。)
Hello everyone. I am Li Hua. I am glad to introduce our group’s smart chair to you. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for listening.
参考答案
Level 1 汉译英
1. My invention is a flying car. It is fast,convenient and green.
2. It has four wheels and two wings,so it can run on land and fly in the air.
3. Instead of petrol,the car uses solar power,so it will not pollute the air.
4. If you shout “Fly!”,the car will turn into a plane in 30 seconds.
5. My invention will help people avoid traffic jams and enjoy the view at the same time.
Level 2 句型仿写
句型 1
(1)My invention is a folding bike. It is light,small and easy to carry.
(2)My invention is a smart pen. It is small,light and easy to use.
句型 2
(1)It has six wheels and an electric motor,so it can run on both flat ground and slopes.
(2)It has a big screen and a keyboard,so it can be used for learning and entertainment.
句型 3
(1)Instead of petrol,the car uses electricity.
(2)Instead of wood,the chair is made of recycled plastic.
句型 4
(1)The drone can be controlled by a mobile phone.
(2)The robot can be controlled by a remote control.
句型 5
(1)If you press this button,the light will turn on.
(2)If you touch the screen,it will show the information.
句型 6
(1)It will help people save time.
(2)It will help old people live more easily.
Level 3 句子升级
(以下为参考升级答案,其他合理升级也可接受)
1. 升级句:It has four wheels and two wings,so it can run on land and fly in the air like a bird.
2. 升级句:Instead of petrol,the car uses solar power,so it will not pollute the air and is good for the environment.
3. 升级句:The car can be controlled by voice. If you shout “Fly!”,the car will turn into a plane in 30 seconds.
4. 升级句:My invention will help people avoid traffic jams and enjoy the beautiful view while travelling.
5. 升级句:It can fly in the air freely and you will feel as free as a bird.
6. 升级句:This invention is very useful because it can solve many problems in our daily lives and make things much easier.
篇章训练(参考范文)
1.
例文:
Hello everyone. Today, I want to talk about how technology has changed our daily life.
Modern robots are a good example. The sweeping robot can control directions by itself and avoid things in front. It makes housework much easier. The food service robot can serve meals and return, which helps restaurant workers a lot. The educational robot can answer questions and teach in new ways, making learning more interesting.
In my opinion, these robots bring convenience and fun to our life. They save time and energy. I hope more clever robots will appear in the future.
Thank you for listening.
2.
【参考范文】
Hello everyone. I am Li Hua. I am glad to introduce our group’s smart chair to you.
It has two sensors in the seat and the back. It can remind you to sit straight. If you sit for too long, it will make a noise. It helps us to develop good habits. We can have a rest or do exercise when hearing the noise. We hope it can help all the students keep healthy and study better.
Thank you for listening.
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