Unit 4 History and Traditions Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking-分层课后练习-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

**基本信息** 本同步练习通过A级基础巩固与B级能力提升的分层设计，构建从词汇语法到语篇应用的知识巩固路径，适配高中英语新授课教学，培养语言能力与思维品质。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |A级|词汇拼写、语法填空、基础写作|以单词拼写（如“defence”“conquer”）、语法填空（如分词、词性转换）夯实基础，单句写作与阅读微写作衔接课文主题，强化语言输出能力| |B级|阅读理解、七选五、知识积累|选用真题阅读（如狄更斯博物馆、书法文化）提升语篇分析能力，七选五训练逻辑思维，知识积累卡系统梳理词块与句式，促进深度学习|

Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking A级 必备知识基础练 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.The ancient city of Bath,famous for its Roman baths,has several historical sites located 　　　　　(在附近).  2.The Great Wall of China was originally built as a d　　　　 against invasions from northern tribes.  3.Written records and artifacts provide e　　　　　 of the Viking invasions in early medieval England.  4.The Tower of London once served as a key 　　　　　(军事的) fortress during the medieval period.  5.The Romans successfully 　　　　　　　(征服) Britain in 43 CE,bringing their culture and laws to the island.  6.The p　　　　　 of Liverpool played a key role in the history and trade of the UK long ago.  7.In British culture,every 　　　　　　(个人) has the right to keep his own ideas and habits.  8.The United K　　　　　 has a long history with many old traditions and interesting stories.  9.The 　　　　　　(主要的) reason for protecting old customs is to keep a country’s history alive.  10.Many old stories in the UK tell about a 　　　　　(战役) that changed the nation’s history long ago.  Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1.　　　　　　(surround) by the English Channel,Britain has a rich history of naval battles and trade.  2.The history of the Tower of London is 　　　　　　(fascinate),with its many roles over the centuries.  3.Visitors are sometimes 　　　　　　(puzzle) by the complex layout of ancient Roman forts in Britain.  4.The 　　　　　　(locate) of Stonehenge in the English countryside has made it a fascinating historical mystery.  5.The invention of the steam engine was a significant 　　　　　　　(achieve) during the Industrial Revolution in Britain.  6.The historic Roman roads in Britain were designed to be joined 　　　　　　major cities,facilitating travel and trade throughout the empire.  7.Visitors may feel 　　　　　　(puzzle) when they first know some old British traditions.  8.The United Kingdom is a country where several nations are joined 　　　　　　one another.  9.British history has many 　　　　　　(fascinate) stories that attract people from all over the world.  10.People can 　　　　　　(legal) celebrate their own traditions as long as they follow the law.  Ⅲ.单句写作 1.爱尔兰于1922年脱离了联合王国,建立了独立政府。 Ireland 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　the United Kingdom in 1922,forming its own independent government.  2.英格兰各地的许多中世纪城堡属于不同的贵族家族,在英国历史上扮演了重要角色。 The medieval castles scattered across England,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,played a key role in the nation’s history.  3.伦敦以其博物馆和历史地标闻名,如白金汉宫和议会大厦。 London is famous for its museums,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 like Buckingham Palace and the Houses of Parliament.  4.在英格兰,无论走到哪里,你都能找到当地人聚集在一起分享故事、享用传统英国食物和饮料的酒吧。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,you’ll find pubs where locals gather to share stories and enjoy traditional British food and drinks.  5.当你穿越英格兰乡村时,记得留意那些拥有茅草屋顶的迷人村庄和连绵起伏的乡村景色。 When traveling through rural England,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 charming villages with thatched-roof cottages and rolling countryside views.  Ⅳ.阅读微写作 Activity 1　单句写作 1.在附近迷人的小镇上,一位名叫艾米的年轻女子开始了她冒险的旅途。(nearby,fascinating) 　　　　　　　　　　　　,a young woman named Amy went on an adventurous trip.  2.城镇四周围绕着被称为“谜之林”的古老森林,这里充满了神秘的传说。(surround,refer to...as...) The town,　　　　　　　　　　　　 tales of an ancient forest,　　　　　　　　　　　　 the “Forest of Mystery”.  3.她决定探索,在探索过程中,她发现了一块刻有谜一般符号的神秘石碑。(while doing,puzzling) She decided to explore and 　　　　　　　　　,she discovered a mysterious stone tablet covered in 　　　　　　　　　　　　.  4.艾米相信这块石碑属于过去的时代,便将其带回家研究。 Believing it 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a bygone era,Amy took it home.  5.经过数日的研究,她成功破解了其中的秘密。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,she successfully decoded the secret.  6.她的发现为“谜之林”中神秘宝藏的存在提供了证据。 Her findings 　　　　　　　　　　　　for the existence of the mysterious treasure within the Forest of Mystery.  Activity 2　选取上面至少4个句子组成一篇不少于80词的短文(注意使用恰当的衔接词)               B级 能力素养提升练 Ⅴ.阅读理解 A (2026江苏南京高二期末) The Charles Dickens Museum in London is the world’s most important collection of material relating to the great Victorian novelist and social commentator.The only surviving London home of Dickens(from 1837 to 1839) was opened as a museum in 1925 and is still welcoming visitors from all over the world.On four floors,visitors can see paintings,rare editions,manuscripts,original furniture and many items relating to the life of one of the most popular and beloved personalities of the Victorian age. Opening Hours:The Museum is open from Mondays to Saturdays 10:00-17:00;Sundays 11:00-17:00.Last admission is 30 minutes before closing time. Admission Charges:Adults:￡5.00;Students:￡4.00;Seniors:￡4.00;Children:￡3.00;Families:￡14.00(2 adults and up to five children). Group Rates:For a group of 10 or more,a special group rate of ￡4.00 each applies.Children will still be admitted for ￡3.00 each. Access:We are constantly working to improve access to the Museum.Our current projects involve the fitting of a wheelchair ramp(活动坡道) for better access and an audio tour for visitors with impaired(受损的) vision.Our Handling Sessions(亲身体验活动) are also suitable for the visually impaired.The Museum has developed an online virtual tour through the Museum.Click here to visit all the rooms in the Museum online. Hire the Museum:The Museum can be hired for private functions,parties and many other social occasions. Find Us:The Museum may be reached by using the following buses:7,17,19,38,45,46,55,243.And by these underground services:Piccadilly Line;Central Line.For a map,please click here.The British Museum and the Foundling Museum are within walking distance. 1.How much will a family of 2 adults and 4 children pay for admission? A.￡22.00. B.￡14.00. C.￡11.00. D.￡8.00. 2.What can we learn from the passage? A.No one can hire the Museum for other uses. B.People can be allowed into the Museum at 17:00. C.Visitors with poor vision cannot enjoy the Museum. D.The Museum is not much far from the British Museum. 3.Where is the passage probably taken from? A.A magazine. B.A website. C.A guidebook. D.A newspaper. B (2026重庆高一期末) At my first lesson in Chinese calligraphy,my teacher told me clearly:“Now I will teach you how to write your name—and make it beautiful.” I felt my breath catch.I was curious. Growing up in Singapore,I had an unusual relationship with my Chinese name.My parents are ethnically Chinese,so they asked fortune tellers to decide my name,aiming for maximum luck.As a result,I ended up with a nonsense and embarrassing name:Chen Yiwen,meaning,roughly,“old”,“barley(薏米)” and “warm”. When I arrived in America for college at 18,I put on an American accent and gave up my Chinese name.When I moved to Hong Kong in 2021,after 14 years in the States,I decided to learn calligraphy.Why not get back in touch with my heritage?I thought. In calligraphy,the idea is to copy the old masters’ techniques,thereby improving your own.Every week,though,my teacher would give uncomfortably straightforward comments on me.“You need to be braver,” he once observed.“Have confidence.Try to produce a bold stroke(笔画).” For years,I had prided myself on presenting an image of confidence,but my writing betrayed(暴露) me. I was trying to make sense of this practice.You must imagine the word as it is to be written and leave a little bit of yourself in it.As a bodily practice,calligraphy could go beyond its own cultural limits.Could it help me go beyond mine?My teacher once said to me,“When you look at the word,you see the body.Though a word on the page is flat,it carries rich meaning,showing the strength you’ve applied,the energy of your hold,the curve of your back.” I had been learning calligraphy to get in touch with my cultural roots,but what I was really seeking was a return to myself.Now I have sensed that the pleasure from calligraphy allows me to know myself more fully. During a recent lesson,my teacher pointed at the word I had just finished,telling me:“This word is much better.I can see the choices you made,your thoughts,your flow.Trust yourself.This word is yours.” He might as well have said,“This word is you.” 4.What did the author think of her name “Chen Yiwen” at first? A.It was lucky so she gladly accepted it. B.She felt proud of its symbolic meaning. C.She thought the characters were beautiful. D.She understood the intention but still disliked it. 5.Why did the author decide to learn calligraphy? A.To protect plants from being harmed. B.To reconnect with her root. C.To understand a new culture. D.To fit in with local community. 6.What does the author learn about calligraphy from the teacher’s words? A.It mirrors the creator’s spirits. B.It comes from creative energy. C.It highlights the design of strokes. D.It depends on continuous practice. 7.What does the author intend to tell us? A.Fortune favors the bold. B.Embrace who you truly are. C.A great teacher leads you to truth. D.Planning is good,but doing is better. C (2026浙江绍兴高一期末) Scientists discovered the reason why China’s Terracotta Army’s weapons remained so well preserved for over 2,000 years:a combination of bronze and the soil the army was buried in. Qinshihuang,the first emperor of a unified China,was buried with an army of terracotta warriors in a mausoleum in Xi’an,a UNESCO World Heritage site.No two faces of these warriors are alike,but what’s fascinated archaeologists is just how these warriors’ weapons have been preserved over the centuries. When archaeologists uncovered this army in the 1970s,some fans of “ancient lost technologies” believed these weapons had survived the test of time due to some lost technologies ancestors used.Another theory suggested that these weapons had been treated with anti-rust chemicals like chromium(铬),so it was believed that people had treated these weapons with a sort of chromium coating. However,the authors of a recent study believe the two theories should “be given up.” Firstly,chromium was found on only 37 of the 464 weapons examined,mostly on areas like handles and triggers.These parts were wooden and would have been coated with lacquer(漆),which contained chromium at that time.Secondly,the best-preserved weapons weren’t the ones that had much chromium coating,so this theory couldn’t stand on its own two feet.  Simply put,the preservation was managed thanks to a combination of the higher tin content in the bronze,as well as the specific soil the army was buried in.When the scientists looked into the soil,it showed a slightly alkaline(碱性的) chemical composition and had small particles that would have prevented natural acids and organic matter from rusting through the metals. It would have been cool to claim the ancient Terracotta Army’s weapon preservation was linked to some long-lost technology.However,it’s even cooler that scientists are able to figure out the long-standing mystery. 8.What is the main purpose of the article? A.To show new weapon preservation findings. B.To compare weapon preservation technologies. C.To investigate earlier metal preservation chemicals. D.To introduce theories about preservation technology. 9.What led to the good preservation of the Terracotta Army’s weapons? A.The specific chemicals in soil. B.The chromium coating on weapons. C.The use of lost anti-rust technology. D.The mixture of bronze and specific soil. 10.What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence in paragraph 4? A.The theory was logically sound. B.The theory failed to prove itself. C.The theory missed the key points. D.The theory shall stand the test of time. 11.What is the author’s attitude towards the discovery? A.Confident. B.Admiring. C.Doubtful. D.Unconcerned. Ⅵ.七选五 (2026云南红河高一期末) Enjoy Fun Family Traditions You may have fun traditions with your family,especially during holidays.All kinds of traditions can help you feel closer to the people you love.You can also create new traditions together.　1　  Look back on your special times. 　2　 They could include making family dishes,or taking family photos.Ask the adults in your family what traditions they remember from their childhoods.They might enjoy memorizing their favorites!  　3　  Collect ideas from your family for new traditions.You could discuss a yearly outing plan,like visiting a nice restaurant or seeing a show.However,traditions can also be simple.For example,before a family dinner,you could watch TV or play games together.You and your family could also develop new traditions,like going on a family hike. Get everyone on board. Many families have members who love to organize and gather everyone.Think about those people in your family,whether it’s a parent or grandparent.　4　 They can also help plan a video call with relatives living far away.  Create a keepsake(留念物). Traditions help create family memories.Consider taking pictures or filming videos while enjoying traditions.If you try a new tradition this year,take a moment later to reflect on it.Did your family enjoy it?　5　 The point of a tradition is to do it again,which is totally OK for it to grow and change.  A.Brainstorm new ideas. B.Here is how to get started. C.Create impressive traditions. D.Make a list of your family’s traditions. E.Is there anything new in your traditions? F.They can help you create the “guest list”. G.Is there anything you would change next time? 知识积累卡 一、重点单词 1.survive v.　　　　　　→survival n.　　　　　　→survivor n.　　　　　　  2.embarrass v.　　　　　　→embarrassing adj.　　　　　→embarrassed adj.　　　　　　　  3.fascinate v.　　　　　　→fascinating adj.　　　　　　→fascinated adj.　　　　　　　  4.preserve v.　　　　　→preservation n.　　　　　  5.combine v.　　　　　→combination n.　　　　　  二、熟词生义 1.function　本文义:n.　　　　　　　　　其他义: v.　　　　　  2.coat　本文义:v.　　　　　　其他义:n.　　　　　　　  三、词块速记 1.have a relationship with 　　　　　　  2.end up with 　　　　　　　　  3.get in touch with 　　　　　　　　　  4.go beyond its cultural limits 　　　　　　　　　　  5.develop new traditions 　　　　　　　  四、经典句式背诵 1.Scientists discovered the reason why China’s Terracotta Army’s weapons remained so well preserved for over 2,000 years:a combination of bronze,and the soil the army was buried in.(why引导定语从句) 句意:  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2.No two faces of these warriors are alike,but what’s fascinated archaeologists is just how these warriors’ weapons have been preserved over the centuries.(what引导主语从句) 句意:  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 五、长难句分析 I had been learning calligraphy to get in touch with my cultural roots,but what I was really seeking was a return to myself. 分析:本句是一个并列复合句。I had been learning calligraphy...和what I was really...是由but连接的并列句。在第一个分句中,to get in touch with...是动词不定式短语作　　　　　　,在第二个分句中,what引导　　　　从句。  句意:  　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考答案 Ⅰ.1.nearby　2.defence　3.evidence　4.military 5.conquered　6.port　7.individual　8.Kingdom　9.chief　10.battle Ⅱ.1.Surrounded　2.fascinating　3.puzzled　4.location　5.achievement　6.to　7.puzzled　8.to　9.fascinating　10.legally Ⅲ.1.broke away from　2.belonging to various noble families　3.as well as its historic landmarks　4.Everywhere you go in England　5.keep your eyes open for Ⅳ.Activity 1 1.In the nearby,fascinating town　2.surrounded by;was referred to as 3.while exploring;puzzling symbols　4.belonged to 5.Over days of research　6.provided evidence Activity 2 In the nearby,fascinating town,a young woman named Amy went on an adventurous trip.The town,surrounded by tales of an ancient forest,was referred to as the “Forest of Mystery”.So she decided to explore and while exploring,she discovered a mysterious stone tablet covered in puzzling symbols.Believing it belonged to a bygone era,she took it home.Over days of research,she successfully decoded secret.To people’s surprise,her findings provided evidence for the existence of the mysterious treasure within the Forest of Mystery. Ⅴ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了伦敦查尔斯·狄更斯博物馆的相关信息,包括馆藏特色、开放时间、门票价格、无障碍设施、场地租赁及交通方式等。 1.B　细节理解题。根据Admission Charges部分中的“Families:￡14.00(2 adults and up to five children)”可知,两名成人与四名儿童购买家庭票共需￡14.00,故选B项。 2.D　细节理解题。根据Find Us部分中的“The British Museum and the Foundling Museum are within walking distance.”可知,该博物馆与大英博物馆距离很近,步行可达,故选D项。 3.B　推理判断题。根据Access部分中的“Click here to visit all the rooms”及Find Us部分中的“For a map,please click here.”可知,文中出现网页链接点击提示,因此文章源自网站,故选B项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因不满父母所取中文名而放弃使用它,后在香港学习书法过程中,通过老师点拨逐渐领悟书法与自我的关联,最终找回文化根脉并实现自我接纳的经历。 4.D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“a nonsense and embarrassing name”及第三段中“gave up my Chinese name”可知,作者虽理解父母求好运的意图,但认为名字毫无意义且令人尴尬,最终弃用了它,故选D项。 5.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Why not get back in touch with my heritage?”可知,作者学习书法是为了重新接触自己的文化遗产,故选B项。 6.A　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“showing the strength you’ve applied,the energy of your hold,the curve of your back”及末段中的“This word is you”可知,书法笔迹反映书写者的力量、姿态与精神状态,即映射创作者的精神内核,故选A项。 7.B　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“what I was really seeking was a return to myself”及末段老师所言“This word is yours.”可知,作者借书法之旅表达接纳真实自我、回归本真是本文的主旨,故选B项。 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家关于秦始皇兵马俑武器保存完好的最新研究发现,推翻了此前“失传技术”和“铬涂层”等理论,指出其真正原因是青铜中高锡含量与特殊土壤环境共同作用的结果。 8.A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Scientists discovered the reason why China’s Terracotta Army’s weapons remained so well preserved for over 2,000 years”及末段中的“scientists are able to figure out the long-standing mystery”可知,文章核心是呈现科学家解开兵马俑武器保存谜团的新发现,故选A项。 9.D　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“the preservation was managed thanks to a combination of the higher tin content in the bronze,as well as the specific soil”可知,武器保存完好得益于青铜中高锡含量与特定土壤的结合,故选D项。 10.B　词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“the best-preserved weapons weren’t the ones that had much chromium coating”可知,保存最完好的武器并非铬涂层最多的,关键事实与理论预期相悖,因此该理论无法自证成立,故选B项。 11.B　推理判断题。根据末段中的“It would have been cool...However,it’s even cooler that scientists are able to figure out”可知,作者用“even cooler”强调对科学家查明真相的赞叹,态度应为钦佩的(admiring),故选B项。 Ⅵ.【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了创造新的家庭传统的一些方法,包括回顾旧传统、集思广益、动员全家参与、创造纪念物,并强调了传统可以随着时间调整和更新。 1.B　上文“You can also create new traditions together.”指出可以一起创造新传统,下文各段分别介绍具体步骤,B项“以下是开始的步骤”承上启下,引出下文具体方法。 2.D　根据小标题“Look back on your special times.”及下文“They could include making family dishes,or taking family photos.”可知,此处需列举家庭传统,D项“列出你家庭的传统”总领全段,与下文举例呼应。 3.A　根据下文“Collect ideas from your family for new traditions.”及“develop new traditions”可知,本段核心为收集创意、打造新传统,A项“集思广益,提出新想法”可概括本段大意。 4.F　根据上文“Think about those people in your family”及下文“They can also help plan a video call”可知,此处说明家人可协助的事项,F项“他们能够帮助你制定‘宾客名单’”与下文“also help”形成递进。 5.G　根据上文“Did your family enjoy it?”及下文“grow and change”可知,此处用疑问句承接反思,G项“下次有没有什么想要改变的地方?”呼应传统的成长与变化。 知识积累卡 一、1.存活　生存　幸存者　2.使尴尬　令人尴尬的　感到尴尬的　3.使着迷　令人着迷的　感到着迷的　4.保存　保护　5.结合　组合 二、1.活动;社交聚会　起作用　2.覆盖　外套;大衣 三、1.与……有关联　2.以……告终　3.与……取得联系;接触　4.超越其文化界限　5.发展新传统 四、1.科学家发现中国兵马俑武器历经2000多年仍保存完好的原因在于青铜材质与埋藏土壤环境的双重作用。 2.这些武士俑的面容无一相同,而最令考古学家着迷的是,他们的武器是如何历经数百年保存下来的。 五、目的状语　主语 我一直学习书法,是为了接触我的文化根源,然而我真正追寻的,其实是回归自我。 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $