Unit2语法(can/could)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年人教版英语八年级上册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了情态动词can/could的语法内容，涵盖基础概念、can的四大用法、could的两大核心用法、考点辨析及易错题提醒，搭建从概念理解到用法辨析再到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类呈现（can分现在/将来用法，could分过去式与委婉语气）、考点对比（can与be able to时态差异等）及易错题标注（如can后不加to）构建知识体系，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计填空、单选等多样化练习题并附答案，助力学生自主巩固，教师可据此精准设计教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit2Home Sweet Home语法讲解与练习 情态动词can /could详细讲解 一、基础概念 can /could 属于情态动词 情态动词特点： 1.不能单独作谓语，后面必须 + 动词原形 2.没有人称和数的变化 3.否定式：can’t (cannot) /couldn’t (could not) 4.疑问式：直接把 can /could 提到句首 二、can 用法（现在/将来） 1. 表示能力（能够、会） 指现在拥有的能力 ✅ I can swim. 我会游泳。 ✅ She can cook simple food at home. 她在家会做简单饭菜。 2. 表示许可（可以），口语常用 ✅ You can watch TV after finishing homework. 完成作业后你可以看电视。 3. 表示客观可能性（可能） ✅ It can get cold at night. 夜里可能会变冷。 4. 表示请求（口语） ✅ Can you help me? 你能帮帮我吗？ 三、could 两大核心用法 用法 1：can 的过去式，表示过去的能力、许可 过去具备，现在不一定还有 ✅ When I was five, I could ride a bike. 我五岁的时候就会骑自行车。 ⚠️ 重要区分： 表示过去某一次具体成功做到某事,不用could，要用was/were able to/managed to *He could swim when he was 6.（过去长期具备游泳能力 ✔） *He was able to swim across the river yesterday. （昨天一次性成功横渡 ❌不能用 could） 用法 2：委婉语气（不表示过去，表现在） 用于请求,比 can语气更客气、礼貌 ✅ Could you pass me the bowl? 可以请你把碗递给我吗？ 👉 注意！问句用 could，肯定回答要用 can —Could I use your phone? —Yes, you can.（√） —Yes, you could.（×） 四、考点辨析 1. can 表推测 只用于否定句、疑问句 肯定推测不用 can，多用 must ✅ That must be Lily.（肯定推测） ✅ That can’t be Lily.（否定推测） 2. can 和 be able to can 只有现在时 can、过去时 could be able to 可用于各种时态（will be able to /have been able to） ✅ I will be able to finish the housework tomorrow. 五、易错题提醒 1.can 后面永远不加 to ❌ can to cook ✅ can cook 2.could 表委婉请求≠过去时，回答不用 could 3.过去一次性成功行动不用 could，用 be able to 【专项练习题】 一、用 can /could/can’t /couldn’t 1.I ________ tidy my room when I was 7 years old, but now I can. 2.—________ you swim? —Yes, I ________. I learnt it last summer. 3.Listen! We ________ hear birds singing in the garden. 4.When he was little, he ________ not cook anything. 5.________ I borrow your mop? 6.Nobody ________ finish all the housework in ten minutes. 7.She is busy, so she ________ come to my home tonight. 8.My father ________ fix chairs. He is good at it. 9.Three years ago, they ________ play chess, but now they often play it. 10.—Could I sit here? —Yes, you ________. 11.It’s too noisy. I ________ hear you clearly. 12.You ________ play with the knife carefully. It’s dangerous. 13.He ________ speak English when he was five. 14.________ you help me clean the living room? 15.The light is off. He ________ be at home.（否定推测） 16.We ________ watch TV after we finish cleaning. 17.My sister ________ ride a bike last year, but now she can. 18.Anyone ________ make mistakes. 19.—Could we play in the yard? —Sorry, you ________. It’s raining. 20.I am afraid I ________ go shopping with you. I have to clean my house. 21.When I was young, I ________ run very fast. 22.________ you tell me the way to his home? 23.The box is too heavy. I ________ carry it alone. 24.You ________ run in the house,because the floor is wet. 25.People ________ live without water. 二、单项选择 ( )1. —Could I use your ruler? —Sure, you ______. A. could B. can C. need D. must ( )2. When I was ten, I ______ swim very well. A. can B. could C. will D. am ( )3. You ______ talk loudly in the bedroom. Others are sleeping. A. can B. can’t C. could D. couldn’t ( )4. —Who is knocking at the door? —It ______ be Tom. He has gone to London. A. can B. must C. can’t D. could ( )5. My brother ______ play the piano now, but he ______ last year. A. can; can’t B. can; couldn’t C. could; can’t D. could; couldn’t ( )6. ______ you please help me sweep the floor? A. Could B. Must C. Need D. Are ( )7. He ______ finish the work yesterday. A. can B. is able to C. was able to D. could ( )8. —Can you stay at my home this weekend? —I’m afraid I ______. I have to visit my grandma. A. can B. can’t C. could D. couldn’t ( )9. Everyone ______ learn to do some housework. A. can B. could C. is able D. are able ( )10. ______ you speak Japanese? A. Are B. Can C. Does D. Have ( )11. She ______ draw beautiful pictures when she was young. A. can B. could C. will D. must ( )12. You ______ play with fire. It’s dangerous. A. can B. can’t C. could D. couldn’t ( )13. —Could you bring me some water? —Of course I ______. A. could B. can C. need D. must ( )14. I hope I ______ visit your sweet home one day. A. can B. could C. am able D. was able ( )15. There ______ be something wrong with the fridge. It doesn’t work. A. can’t B. must C. can D. couldn’t 三、句型转换 1.I can clean my bedroom by myself.（改为否定句） _________________________________________________________ 2.She could cook simple meals when she was young.（改为一般疑问句） _________________________________________________________ 3.They can watch TV after dinner.（对划线部分提问） _________________________________________________________ 4.Can he water the flowers in the garden?（肯定回答） _________________________________________________________ 5.Could they play football five years ago?（否定回答） _________________________________________________________ 6.You can put the clothes on the sofa.（改为否定句） _________________________________________________________ 7.My sister can tidy up the living room.（改为一般疑问句） _________________________________________________________ 8.He can help us with housework.（改为否定句） _________________________________________________________ 9.I could swim when I was eight.（对划线部分提问） _________________________________________________________ 10.We can stay at home this Sunday.（改为否定句） _________________________________________________________ 四、汉译英 1.我会整理我的房间。 _________________________________________________________ 2.当我六岁时，我不会洗碗。 _________________________________________________________ 3.请问你能帮我打扫客厅吗？ _________________________________________________________ 4.他不可能在家，我刚刚在街上看见他了。 _________________________________________________________ 5.你可以把雨伞放在门旁边。 _________________________________________________________ 6.三年前，她会弹钢琴。 _________________________________________________________ 7.— 我可以借用你的拖把吗？ — 当然可以。 _________________________________________________________ 8.我们不能在屋子里大声喧哗 _________________________________________________________ 9.小时候我会骑自行车。 _________________________________________________________ 10. 恐怕我不能去你家了，我要做家务。 _________________________________________________________ keys 一、填空 1.couldn’t 2.Can; can 3.can 4.could 5.Can/Could 6.can 7.can’t 8.can 9.couldn’t 10.can 11.can’t 12.can’t 13.could 14.Can/Could 15.can’t 16.can 17.couldn’t 18.can 19.can’t 20.can’t 21.could 22.Can/Could 23.can’t 24.can’t 25.can’t 二、单项选择 1.B 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.A 10.B 11.B 12.B 13.B 14.A 15.B 三、句型转换 1.I can’t clean my bedroom by myself. 2.Could she cook simple meals when she was young? 3.What can they do after dinner? 4.Yes, he can. 5.No, they couldn’t. 6.You can’t put the clothes on the sofa. 7.Can your sister tidy up the living room? 8.He can’t help us with housework. 9.What could you do when you were eight? 10.We can’t stay at home this Sunday. 四、汉译英参考 1.I can tidy my room. 2.I couldn’t wash dishes when I was six. 3.Could you help me clean the living room, please? 4.He can’t be at home. I saw him on the street just now. 5.You can put the umbrella beside the door. 6.She could play the piano three years ago. 7.—Could I borrow your mop? —Yes, you can. 8.We can’t speak loudly in the house. 9.I could ride a bike when I was little. 10.I’m afraid I can’t go to your home. I have to do housework. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $