专题05 动词时态（二）（讲义）-【2027年新考纲】江苏省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2027年江苏省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣江苏省职教高考中职英语真题考情，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年江苏省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》的第5个专题，内容为动词时态（二）。 【2027年新考纲】江苏省（职教高考） 《英语一轮讲练测》 专题05 动词时态（二） 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 进行时：现在进行时、过去进行时 即时训练 考点2 现在完成时 即时训练 考点3 过去完成时 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 考点 内容解读 江苏省近六年中职职教高考统计（题号） 2021年 2022年 2023年 2024年 2025年 2026年 现在进行时 掌握“am/is/are + 现在分词”结构，表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作；能根据now等时间标志判断动作状态，并注意主语后接along with、together with等成分时谓语仍与真正主语保持一致。 （2） （1） 过去进行时 掌握“was/were + 现在分词”结构，表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作；常与when、while等引导的时间状语从句连用，重点区分一般过去时和过去进行时。 （2） 现在完成时 掌握“have/has + 过去分词”结构，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可表示动作从过去持续到现在；能根据recently、already、yet、so far、since、for等标志判断。 （9） 过去完成时 掌握“had + 过去分词”结构，表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作；在江苏真题中常与虚拟语气结合，尤其关注if从句中与过去事实相反的表达。 （3） 从江苏省近六年中职职教高考英语真题来看，现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过 去完成时是动词时态中的重点辨析板块。旧真题第一节语言知识题中可提取到4个直接相关切片，涉及2021第2题、2023第3题、2026第2题、2026第9题；此外，2024第1题虽以现在进行时表将来命题，也可纳入现在进行时结构和时态语境辨析训练。命题重点集中在时间标志词识别、动作发生状态判断、完成时对现在或过去时间线的影响，以及时态与主谓一致、虚拟语气等语法点的综合考查。备考时应避免只背结构公式，重点通过now、when、recently、yesterday evening、would have done等语境线索判断谓语形式，并将相关知识迁移到新考纲语法填空、完形填空和书面表达中。 【考点1 进行时：现在进行时、过去进行时】 【现在进行时】 一、现在进行时的结构 分类 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 +_______+________+其他 Listen! The boy is singing. 听！这个男孩正在唱歌。 I am studying computer these days. 这些天我一直在学习计算机。 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + ______ + Ving+其他 Listen! The boy is not singing. 听！这个男孩没有在唱歌。 I am not studying computer these days. 这些天我没有在学习计算机。 一般疑问句 ______ + 主语 + Ving+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + ______. 否定回答：No, 主语 + am/is/are + ____. Is the boy singing? 这个男孩正在唱歌吗？ -- Yes, he is. / No, he is not. 二、现在进行时的标志词 1.look（看）、listen（听）、now（现在）、right now（现在） 2.at the moment（此刻）、at present（现在）、 these days（这些天）... 三、动词现在分词变化规则 规则 例句 一般情况下，动词词尾直接+ing play → playing 玩 work → ______工作 teach →______教 以不发音字母e结尾，去掉e，再加+ing make→making 做 write→______ 写 live → ______居住 以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加+ing run→ running 跑 swim→ ______ 游泳 sit→______ 坐 以ie结尾的动词，改ie为y，再加+ing tie→tying 系 lie→______说谎 特殊词情况 see→______ 看 travel→______ 旅游 四、现在进行时的特殊用法 (1) 表示______的动词come、 go、 leave、 arrive、 moving、 take off用现在进行时表将来。 如：Tom is coming to see me tonight. 汤姆今晚会来看我。 I am leaving. 我要离开了。 (2) get、 become、 improve、grow等词用现在进行时表示“______”。 如：Winter has come and it is getting colder and colder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷。 【过去进行时】 一、过去进行时的结构 分类 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + ______ +______+其他 My father was teaching me to play chess at 8 yesterday evening. 昨天晚上八点我爸爸正在教我下象棋。 否定句 主语 + was/were + ______+ Ving+其他 My father was not teaching me to play chess at 8 yesterday evening. 昨天晚上八点我爸爸没有在教我下象棋。 一般疑问句 ______ + + 主语 + Ving+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 +was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语 + was/were +____. Was your father teaching you to play chess at 8 yesterday evening？ 昨天晚上八点你爸爸正在教你下象棋吗？ -- Yes, he was. / No, he was not. 二、过去进行时的标志词 1. at that time/moment 那时/那一刻；at this time last week 上周这一时间 2. at+具体时间点+一般过去时时间状语： at 7:00 last night 昨晚七点；at 9:00 yesterday morning 昨天早上9点 3. when/while引导的时间状语从句 3、 When和while的三个句型 (1) ______+ when+ ______ （主句） （从句） I was dancing when she knocked at the door. (2) ______+ while+ ______ （主句） （从句） I arrived at home while my mum was cooking. (3) ______+ while +______ （主句） （从句） I was watching TV while my mother was cooking. 即时训练 基础夯实：单项选择 1. At 8:30 yesterday evening, the volunteers ______ emergency lights while the rain was beating against the windows. A. tested B. were testing C. have tested D. would test 2. Listen! The museum guide ______ why the old map was repaired instead of being replaced. A. explains B. explained C. is explaining D. has explained 3. While the cashier ______ the electronic receipt, the customer realized that his phone battery had died. A. printed B. was printing C. has printed D. would print 4. The design team ______ a new sign system these days, although the final version will not be used until September. A. develops B. developed C. is developing D. had developed 5. I was checking the storage list ______ the manager suddenly asked for the spare projector. A. while B. when C. until D. since 能力提升：语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At the end of each month, a local bookstore (1)______ (collect) used textbooks from families and sends them to a reading corner in a nearby factory. This project sounds simple, yet it has become difficult because many books arrive without labels. Last weekend, when the volunteers opened the storage room, they (2)______ (find) five boxes that had been left near the door. While one group (3)______ (sort) the books by subject, another group was checking whether any pages were missing. By noon, all English books (4)______ (separate) from the others, and a list had been written on the wall. The manager told the students that the factory workers (5)______ (borrow) the books after the shelves were repaired. Since April, the bookstore (6)______ (receive) more than six hundred used books, and several families have returned to donate again. Tomorrow afternoon, a short English notice (7)______ (print) on recycled paper. If more books (8)______ (come) next week, the volunteers will add another shelf. The longer the project continues, the more clearly students (9)______ (understand) how public reading can connect school learning with workplace life. Good tense choices (10)______ (help) this kind of report show both progress and plan. 【考点2 现在完成时】 1、 现在完成时的结构 分类 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 +______ +______+其他 I have done my homework already. 我已经做好作业了。 否定句 主语 + have/has+ _____ + 动词过去分词+其他 I have not done my homework yet. 我尚未完成我的作业。 一般疑问句 ______+ + 主语 + 动词过去分词+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 +have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语 + have/has+_____. Have you done your homework already？ -- Yes, I have. / No, I have not. 二、现在完成时的标志词 1.already（已经）, recently （最近，不久前），never（从不), ever（曾经), so far（迄今为止，到目前为止）, yet(仍然，迄今为止) 2.since+时间点：since1999 3.for+时间段：for a year 4.in the past + 一段时间 三、规则动词的过去分词变化规则 规则 例句 一般情况下，动词后面直接加-ed play → played 玩 work → ______工作 以e结尾，在后面加-d dance → danced跳舞 live →______居住 like → ______喜欢 以辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed study → studied学习 carry → ______携带 fly → ______飞 try →______尝试 以重读闭音节或重读r音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加­ed admit→admitted 允许 prefer→______更喜欢 stop→______ 停止 plan→______计划 refer→______ 参考，涉及，提到 特殊变化单独记 have → ______有 be → ______是 四、不规则动词的过去式和过去分词，其变化虽无规则，但有一定的规律。 五、难点 现在完成时的难点（一） 1. 观察： （1）Lucy isn’t at home. She has gone to the welcome banquet. 露西不在家。她已经去了欢迎晚宴。(已经去了，还没回来） （2） Lucy has been to the opening ceremony before. 露西之前曾去过开幕典礼。（曾经去过） （3） Lucy has been in China for a week. 露西待在中国已经有一周了。（已经在某地待了多久） 2. 总结： have/has gone to表示“______”； have/has been to表示“______”； have/has been in 表示“______”。 现在完成时的难点（二） 用延续性动词取代非延续性动词： 如go—be there，come—be here，buy—have，borrow—keep，leave—be away，arrive—be here，marry—be married，join—be in，die—be dead，begin—be on，end/finish—be over。 如“这本书我已经买了10年了” 不可以说成“I have bought the book for ten years.”。 改为：I ______ the book for ten years. 即时训练 基础夯实：单项选择 1. The borrowed tablet ______ in the service office for three weeks, so the librarian asked for it back. A. has kept B. has been kept C. kept D. was keeping 2. How long ______ the night market ______ open near the old bridge? A. did; stay B. has; been C. was; being D. will; be 3. The training center ______ more than 3,000 visitors since the new subway line opened. A. received B. receives C. has received D. had received 4. I ______ the safety video twice, but I still need to review the last part. A. watched B. have watched C. had watched D. am watching 5. The exhibition ______ for half an hour when the late visitors reached the hall. A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. was beginning 能力提升：语篇语法填空（10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During a town food-safety lesson, students from a cooking major visited several small restaurants that serve breakfast near the bus station. The market officer usually (1)______ (check) oil, labels and storage temperatures before seven, because many workers buy food on their way to work. Last Tuesday, one restaurant (2)______ (receive) a warning after the officer found that the cold cabinet was not working properly. While the owner (3)______ (move) milk and eggs to another cabinet, two students were translating the safety notice into simple English. By the time the repair team arrived, the temperature record (4)______ (write) down and the spoiled food had been removed. The officer said that all restaurants on that street (5)______ (join) a short online training course the next month. Since the new rule was introduced, the number of complaints (6)______ (fall) sharply. A new bilingual checklist (7)______ (use) tomorrow morning, and students will compare it with the old one. If any shop (8)______ (forget) to record temperatures, it will receive another reminder. The clearer the checklist is, the fewer mistakes young workers (9)______ (make). This case proves that grammar (10)______ (serve) real communication when it is placed in a meaningful workplace situation. 【考点3 过去完成时】 一、过去完成时的结构 分类 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 +______+______+其他 I had done my homework by the end of last week. 上周末前我已经做完作业了。 否定句 主语 + had+ _____ + 动词过去分词+其他 I had not done my homework by the end of last week. 上周末前我还未做完作业。 一般疑问句 ______+ + 主语 + 动词过去分词+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 +had. 否定回答：No, 主语 + had+ ______. Had you done your homework by the end of last week？ -- Yes, I had. / No, I had not. 二、过去完成时的标志词 1. by + 过去的时间点：到...（过去）为止 eg：by 9 o'clock last night 到昨晚9点时 2. by the end of + 过去的时间点： 到...（过去）结束时 eg：by the end of last term 到上学期结束时 3. before + 过去的时间点/动作：在...（过去）之前 4. up until + 过去的时间点：up until then 直到那时 5.由said、asked、told宾语从句当中，当主句为一般过去时，从句原来是一般过去时或者现在完成时的时候，需要变化为过去完成时。 三、过去完成时的重点句型 （一）…had hardly…when＋一般过去时：一……就…… …had no sooner…than＋一般过去时：一……就…… Eg：He had hardly got there when he called his parents. 他一到那里就打电话给他父母。 He had no sooner got there than he called his parents. 他一到那里就打电话给他父母。 注意：如果hardly/no sooner 位于句子的开头，其后用______， 即：Hardly had he got there when he called his parents. （2） “It is/was the first/second…time that…”句型中，从句要用完成时，译为“这是...第一次/第二次……” Eg：It's the first time that I have been abroad. It was the first time that I had been abroad. 即时训练 基础夯实：单项选择 1. By the time the technician arrived, the warning message ______ on the control screen three times. A. appeared B. has appeared C. had appeared D. would appear 2. Before the final notice was printed, several spelling mistakes ______ by the student editor. A. had been corrected B. have corrected C. were correcting D. would correct 3. The report was clearer than expected because the group ______ every interview record before writing it. A. checks B. checked C. had checked D. will check 能力提升：语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A vocational school and a local software company have built a shared training room where students learn how service apps are tested before they are released. Every Wednesday, the company engineer (1)______ (give) a short task and asks students to record each step in English. Two weeks ago, the class (2)______ (test) a bus-ticket app that sometimes lost passenger information when the network became weak. While one team (3)______ (run) the app on old phones, another team was reading complaints that users had sent earlier. Before the engineer returned from a meeting, three serious problems (4)______ (discover), and screenshots had been saved in a folder. He told the class that the company (5)______ (update) the app before the next public trial. Since the training room opened, students (6)______ (write) more practical English reports than before. Next month, the best reports (7)______ (display) during a skills festival. If the app (8)______ (lose) data again, the team will compare the new result with the old screenshots. The more complex the task becomes, the more carefully students (9)______ (choose) verb tenses. Their reports show that a tense (10)______ (connect) technical steps, evidence and future action. 1. （2021年江苏真题第2题）Now Mr. Lee, along with all his students, ________ discussing Reading Skills which was newly published in America. A. is B. are C. have been D. had been 2. （2023年江苏真题第3题）If I ________ so much coffee yesterday evening, I would have been able to sleep well last night. A. didn't drink B. hadn't drunk C. haven't drunk D. wouldn't have drunk 3. （2026年江苏真题相关考点）By the time the visitor returned, the lost card ________ at the service desk. A. found B. has found C. had been found D. will be found 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2027年江苏省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣江苏省职教高考中职英语真题考情，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年江苏省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》的第5个专题，内容为动词时态（二）。 【2027年新考纲】江苏省（职教高考） 《英语一轮讲练测》 专题05 动词时态（二） 目录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 进行时：现在进行时、过去进行时 即时训练 考点2 现在完成时 即时训练 考点3 过去完成时 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 考点 内容解读 江苏省近六年中职职教高考统计（题号） 2021年 2022年 2023年 2024年 2025年 2026年 现在进行时 掌握“am/is/are + 现在分词”结构，表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作；能根据now等时间标志判断动作状态，并注意主语后接along with、together with等成分时谓语仍与真正主语保持一致。 （2） （1） 过去进行时 掌握“was/were + 现在分词”结构，表示过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作；常与when、while等引导的时间状语从句连用，重点区分一般过去时和过去进行时。 （2） 现在完成时 掌握“have/has + 过去分词”结构，表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可表示动作从过去持续到现在；能根据recently、already、yet、so far、since、for等标志判断。 （9） 过去完成时 掌握“had + 过去分词”结构，表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成的动作；在江苏真题中常与虚拟语气结合，尤其关注if从句中与过去事实相反的表达。 （3） 从江苏省近六年中职职教高考英语真题来看，现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时和过 去完成时是动词时态中的重点辨析板块。旧真题第一节语言知识题中可提取到4个直接相关切片，涉及2021第2题、2023第3题、2026第2题、2026第9题；此外，2024第1题虽以现在进行时表将来命题，也可纳入现在进行时结构和时态语境辨析训练。命题重点集中在时间标志词识别、动作发生状态判断、完成时对现在或过去时间线的影响，以及时态与主谓一致、虚拟语气等语法点的综合考查。备考时应避免只背结构公式，重点通过now、when、recently、yesterday evening、would have done等语境线索判断谓语形式，并将相关知识迁移到新考纲语法填空、完形填空和书面表达中。 【考点1 进行时：现在进行时、过去进行时】 【现在进行时】 一、现在进行时的结构 分类 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 +_______+________+其他 Listen! The boy is singing. 听！这个男孩正在唱歌。 I am studying computer these days. 这些天我一直在学习计算机。 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + ______ + Ving+其他 Listen! The boy is not singing. 听！这个男孩没有在唱歌。 I am not studying computer these days. 这些天我没有在学习计算机。 一般疑问句 ______ + 主语 + Ving+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + ______. 否定回答：No, 主语 + am/is/are + ____. Is the boy singing? 这个男孩正在唱歌吗？ -- Yes, he is. / No, he is not. 二、现在进行时的标志词 1.look（看）、listen（听）、now（现在）、right now（现在） 2.at the moment（此刻）、at present（现在）、 these days（这些天）... 三、动词现在分词变化规则 规则 例句 一般情况下，动词词尾直接+ing play → playing 玩 work → ______工作 teach →______教 以不发音字母e结尾，去掉e，再加+ing make→making 做 write→______ 写 live → ______居住 以重读闭音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，双写最后的辅音字母，再加+ing run→ running 跑 swim→ ______ 游泳 sit→______ 坐 以ie结尾的动词，改ie为y，再加+ing tie→tying 系 lie→______说谎 特殊词情况 see→______ 看 travel→______ 旅游 四、现在进行时的特殊用法 (1) 表示______的动词come、 go、 leave、 arrive、 moving、 take off用现在进行时表将来。 如：Tom is coming to see me tonight. 汤姆今晚会来看我。 I am leaving. 我要离开了。 (2) get、 become、 improve、grow等词用现在进行时表示“______”。 如：Winter has come and it is getting colder and colder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷。 【过去进行时】 一、过去进行时的结构 分类 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + ______ +______+其他 My father was teaching me to play chess at 8 yesterday evening. 昨天晚上八点我爸爸正在教我下象棋。 否定句 主语 + was/were + ______+ Ving+其他 My father was not teaching me to play chess at 8 yesterday evening. 昨天晚上八点我爸爸没有在教我下象棋。 一般疑问句 ______ + + 主语 + Ving+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 +was/were. 否定回答：No, 主语 + was/were +____. Was your father teaching you to play chess at 8 yesterday evening？ 昨天晚上八点你爸爸正在教你下象棋吗？ -- Yes, he was. / No, he was not. 二、过去进行时的标志词 1. at that time/moment 那时/那一刻；at this time last week 上周这一时间 2. at+具体时间点+一般过去时时间状语： at 7:00 last night 昨晚七点；at 9:00 yesterday morning 昨天早上9点 3. when/while引导的时间状语从句 3、 When和while的三个句型 (1) ______+ when+ ______ （主句） （从句） I was dancing when she knocked at the door. (2) ______+ while+ ______ （主句） （从句） I arrived at home while my mum was cooking. (3) ______+ while +______ （主句） （从句） I was watching TV while my mother was cooking. 即时训练 基础夯实：单项选择 1. At 8:30 yesterday evening, the volunteers ______ emergency lights while the rain was beating against the windows. A. tested B. were testing C. have tested D. would test 【答案】B 【解析】考查过去进行时。at 8:30 yesterday evening 提供过去某时刻，动作正在进行，用 were testing。 2. Listen! The museum guide ______ why the old map was repaired instead of being replaced. A. explains B. explained C. is explaining D. has explained 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在进行时。Listen! 提示说话时正在发生，用 is explaining。 3. While the cashier ______ the electronic receipt, the customer realized that his phone battery had died. A. printed B. was printing C. has printed D. would print 【答案】B 【解析】考查 while 引导背景动作。cashier 打印收据是延续性背景动作，用过去进行时。 4. The design team ______ a new sign system these days, although the final version will not be used until September. A. develops B. developed C. is developing D. had developed 【答案】C 【解析】考查现阶段正在进行。these days 表当前一段时间内正在做，用 is developing。 5. I was checking the storage list ______ the manager suddenly asked for the spare projector. A. while B. when C. until D. since 【答案】B 【解析】考查 when 表突然发生的点动作。主句 was checking 是背景动作，从句 asked 为短动作，用 when。 能力提升：语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At the end of each month, a local bookstore (1)______ (collect) used textbooks from families and sends them to a reading corner in a nearby factory. This project sounds simple, yet it has become difficult because many books arrive without labels. Last weekend, when the volunteers opened the storage room, they (2)______ (find) five boxes that had been left near the door. While one group (3)______ (sort) the books by subject, another group was checking whether any pages were missing. By noon, all English books (4)______ (separate) from the others, and a list had been written on the wall. The manager told the students that the factory workers (5)______ (borrow) the books after the shelves were repaired. Since April, the bookstore (6)______ (receive) more than six hundred used books, and several families have returned to donate again. Tomorrow afternoon, a short English notice (7)______ (print) on recycled paper. If more books (8)______ (come) next week, the volunteers will add another shelf. The longer the project continues, the more clearly students (9)______ (understand) how public reading can connect school learning with workplace life. Good tense choices (10)______ (help) this kind of report show both progress and plan. 【答案】1. collects; 2. found; 3. was sorting; 4. had been separated; 5. would borrow; 6. has received; 7. will be printed; 8. come; 9. understand; 10. help 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍旧教材回收和工厂阅读角项目，综合考查一般现在时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时被动、过去将来时、现在完成时、将来时被动和条件状语从句。 【解析】1. 考查一般现在时第三人称单数。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 2. 考查一般过去时。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 3. 考查过去进行时。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 4. 考查过去完成时被动。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 5. 考查过去将来时。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 6. 考查现在完成时。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 7. 考查一般将来时被动。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 8. 考查主将从现。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 9. 考查一般现在时。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 10. 考查一般现在时。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 【考点2 现在完成时】 1、 现在完成时的结构 分类 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 +______ +______+其他 I have done my homework already. 我已经做好作业了。 否定句 主语 + have/has+ _____ + 动词过去分词+其他 I have not done my homework yet. 我尚未完成我的作业。 一般疑问句 ______+ + 主语 + 动词过去分词+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 +have/has. 否定回答：No, 主语 + have/has+_____. Have you done your homework already？ -- Yes, I have. / No, I have not. 二、现在完成时的标志词 1.already（已经）, recently （最近，不久前），never（从不), ever（曾经), so far（迄今为止，到目前为止）, yet(仍然，迄今为止) 2.since+时间点：since1999 3.for+时间段：for a year 4.in the past + 一段时间 三、规则动词的过去分词变化规则 规则 例句 一般情况下，动词后面直接加-ed play → played 玩 work → ______工作 以e结尾，在后面加-d dance → danced跳舞 live →______居住 like → ______喜欢 以辅音字母＋y结尾的动词，变y为i再加-ed study → studied学习 carry → ______携带 fly → ______飞 try →______尝试 以重读闭音节或重读r音节结尾，且词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加­ed admit→admitted 允许 prefer→______更喜欢 stop→______ 停止 plan→______计划 refer→______ 参考，涉及，提到 特殊变化单独记 have → ______有 be → ______是 四、不规则动词的过去式和过去分词，其变化虽无规则，但有一定的规律。 五、难点 现在完成时的难点（一） 1. 观察： （1）Lucy isn’t at home. She has gone to the welcome banquet. 露西不在家。她已经去了欢迎晚宴。(已经去了，还没回来） （2） Lucy has been to the opening ceremony before. 露西之前曾去过开幕典礼。（曾经去过） （3） Lucy has been in China for a week. 露西待在中国已经有一周了。（已经在某地待了多久） 2. 总结： have/has gone to表示“______”； have/has been to表示“______”； have/has been in 表示“______”。 现在完成时的难点（二） 用延续性动词取代非延续性动词： 如go—be there，come—be here，buy—have，borrow—keep，leave—be away，arrive—be here，marry—be married，join—be in，die—be dead，begin—be on，end/finish—be over。 如“这本书我已经买了10年了” 不可以说成“I have bought the book for ten years.”。 改为：I ______ the book for ten years. 即时训练 基础夯实：单项选择 1. The borrowed tablet ______ in the service office for three weeks, so the librarian asked for it back. A. has kept B. has been kept C. kept D. was keeping 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在完成时被动与持续时间。tablet 被保存在办公室，for three weeks 表持续到现在，用 has been kept。 2. How long ______ the night market ______ open near the old bridge? A. did; stay B. has; been C. was; being D. will; be 【答案】B 【解析】考查延续性表达。How long 与 open 状态连用，用 has been open。 3. The training center ______ more than 3,000 visitors since the new subway line opened. A. received B. receives C. has received D. had received 【答案】C 【解析】考查现在完成时。since 引出过去起点，动作持续影响到现在，用 has received。 4. I ______ the safety video twice, but I still need to review the last part. A. watched B. have watched C. had watched D. am watching 【答案】B 【解析】考查经历次数。twice 表到现在为止看过两次，用现在完成时。 5. The exhibition ______ for half an hour when the late visitors reached the hall. A. has begun B. had begun C. had been on D. was beginning 【答案】C 【解析】考查短暂性动词转换与过去参照。for half an hour 要用延续性 be on；late visitors reached 为过去参照，所以用 had been on。 能力提升：语篇语法填空（10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During a town food-safety lesson, students from a cooking major visited several small restaurants that serve breakfast near the bus station. The market officer usually (1)______ (check) oil, labels and storage temperatures before seven, because many workers buy food on their way to work. Last Tuesday, one restaurant (2)______ (receive) a warning after the officer found that the cold cabinet was not working properly. While the owner (3)______ (move) milk and eggs to another cabinet, two students were translating the safety notice into simple English. By the time the repair team arrived, the temperature record (4)______ (write) down and the spoiled food had been removed. The officer said that all restaurants on that street (5)______ (join) a short online training course the next month. Since the new rule was introduced, the number of complaints (6)______ (fall) sharply. A new bilingual checklist (7)______ (use) tomorrow morning, and students will compare it with the old one. If any shop (8)______ (forget) to record temperatures, it will receive another reminder. The clearer the checklist is, the fewer mistakes young workers (9)______ (make). This case proves that grammar (10)______ (serve) real communication when it is placed in a meaningful workplace situation. 【答案】1. checks; 2. received; 3. was moving; 4. had been written; 5. would join; 6. has fallen; 7. will be used; 8. forgets; 9. make; 10. serves 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍早餐店食品安全检查与双语清单制作，综合考查一般现在时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时被动、过去将来时、现在完成时和一般将来时被动。 【解析】1. 考查一般现在时第三人称单数。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 2. 考查一般过去时。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 3. 考查过去进行时。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 4. 考查过去完成时被动。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 5. 考查过去将来时。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 6. 考查现在完成时。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 7. 考查一般将来时被动。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 8. 考查主将从现。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 9. 考查一般现在时。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 10. 考查一般现在时第三人称单数。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 【考点3 过去完成时】 一、过去完成时的结构 分类 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 +______+______+其他 I had done my homework by the end of last week. 上周末前我已经做完作业了。 否定句 主语 + had+ _____ + 动词过去分词+其他 I had not done my homework by the end of last week. 上周末前我还未做完作业。 一般疑问句 ______+ + 主语 + 动词过去分词+其他? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 +had. 否定回答：No, 主语 + had+ ______. Had you done your homework by the end of last week？ -- Yes, I had. / No, I had not. 二、过去完成时的标志词 1. by + 过去的时间点：到...（过去）为止 eg：by 9 o'clock last night 到昨晚9点时 2. by the end of + 过去的时间点： 到...（过去）结束时 eg：by the end of last term 到上学期结束时 3. before + 过去的时间点/动作：在...（过去）之前 4. up until + 过去的时间点：up until then 直到那时 5.由said、asked、told宾语从句当中，当主句为一般过去时，从句原来是一般过去时或者现在完成时的时候，需要变化为过去完成时。 三、过去完成时的重点句型 （一）…had hardly…when＋一般过去时：一……就…… …had no sooner…than＋一般过去时：一……就…… Eg：He had hardly got there when he called his parents. 他一到那里就打电话给他父母。 He had no sooner got there than he called his parents. 他一到那里就打电话给他父母。 注意：如果hardly/no sooner 位于句子的开头，其后用______， 即：Hardly had he got there when he called his parents. （2） “It is/was the first/second…time that…”句型中，从句要用完成时，译为“这是...第一次/第二次……” Eg：It's the first time that I have been abroad. It was the first time that I had been abroad. 即时训练 基础夯实：单项选择 1. By the time the technician arrived, the warning message ______ on the control screen three times. A. appeared B. has appeared C. had appeared D. would appear 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去完成时。By the time...arrived 是过去参照，appear 发生在此之前，用 had appeared。 2. Before the final notice was printed, several spelling mistakes ______ by the student editor. A. had been corrected B. have corrected C. were correcting D. would correct 【答案】A 【解析】考查过去完成时被动。mistakes 承受 correct，且早于 was printed，用 had been corrected。 3. The report was clearer than expected because the group ______ every interview record before writing it. A. checks B. checked C. had checked D. will check 【答案】C 【解析】考查过去完成时。报告清楚是过去结果，核对记录发生在写报告之前，用 had checked。 能力提升：语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A vocational school and a local software company have built a shared training room where students learn how service apps are tested before they are released. Every Wednesday, the company engineer (1)______ (give) a short task and asks students to record each step in English. Two weeks ago, the class (2)______ (test) a bus-ticket app that sometimes lost passenger information when the network became weak. While one team (3)______ (run) the app on old phones, another team was reading complaints that users had sent earlier. Before the engineer returned from a meeting, three serious problems (4)______ (discover), and screenshots had been saved in a folder. He told the class that the company (5)______ (update) the app before the next public trial. Since the training room opened, students (6)______ (write) more practical English reports than before. Next month, the best reports (7)______ (display) during a skills festival. If the app (8)______ (lose) data again, the team will compare the new result with the old screenshots. The more complex the task becomes, the more carefully students (9)______ (choose) verb tenses. Their reports show that a tense (10)______ (connect) technical steps, evidence and future action. 【答案】1. gives; 2. tested; 3. was running; 4. had been discovered; 5. would update; 6. have written; 7. will be displayed; 8. loses; 9. choose; 10. connects 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍校企共建软件测试实训室中的英文报告任务，综合考查一般现在时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时被动、过去将来时、现在完成时、一般将来时被动和条件状语从句。 【解析】1. 考查一般现在时第三人称单数。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 2. 考查一般过去时。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 3. 考查过去进行时。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 4. 考查过去完成时被动。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 5. 考查过去将来时。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 6. 考查现在完成时。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 7. 考查一般将来时被动。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 8. 考查主将从现。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 9. 考查一般现在时。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 10. 考查一般现在时第三人称单数。依据是本句时间线、主语单复数、主动被动关系和上下文衔接共同限定答案；易错点是只看局部时间词，忽视整个语篇的参照时间。 1. （2021年江苏真题第2题）Now Mr. Lee, along with all his students, ________ discussing Reading Skills which was newly published in America. A. is B. are C. have been D. had been 【答案】A 【解析】考点：现在进行时与主谓一致。Now 表示现在正在讨论；along with all his students 不改变主语，谓语看 Mr. Lee，用 is discussing。 易错点：不要被 students 误导用 are；have been/had been 不符合此处正在进行。 2. （2023年江苏真题第3题）If I ________ so much coffee yesterday evening, I would have been able to sleep well last night. A. didn't drink B. hadn't drunk C. haven't drunk D. wouldn't have drunk 【答案】B 【解析】考点：过去完成时与过去虚拟。主句 would have been able to sleep 表与过去事实相反，从句用过去完成时 hadn't drunk。 易错点：didn't drink 不能表达对过去事实的虚拟；haven't drunk 参照现在。 3. （2026年江苏真题相关考点）By the time the visitor returned, the lost card ________ at the service desk. A. found B. has found C. had been found D. will be found 【答案】C 【解析】考点：过去完成时被动。By the time...returned 是过去参照点；card 在此之前被找到，用 had been found。 易错点：card 与 find 是被动关系，不能用 had found。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $