专题06 状语从句（讲义）-【2027年新考纲】江苏省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2027年江苏省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣江苏省职教高考中职英语真题考情，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年江苏省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》的第6个专题，内容为状语从句。 【2027年新考纲】江苏省（职教高考） 《英语一轮讲练测》 专题06 状语从句 目 录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 时间状语从句、地点状语从句和条件状语从句 即时训练 考点2 原因状语从句、让步状语从句和结果状语从句 即时训练 考点3 目的状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 考点 内容解读 江苏省近六年中职职教高考统计（题号） 2021年 2022年 2023年 2024年 2025年 2026年 条件状语从句 掌握if、unless、once、as long as等引导条件状语从句的用法，能根据“一旦、如果、除非、只要”等语义判断主从句关系；注意条件从句与主句之间的逻辑承接，避免只按单个连词中文意思选择。 （5） 让步状语从句 掌握although、though、even if、even though等引导让步状语从句的用法，能根据前后句“虽然……但是……”的转折让步关系判断；注意英语中although不与but连用。 （7） 时间、原因与结果状语从句 掌握when、while、before、after、because、since、so that等常见从属连词的基本意义和句法功能；能结合动作发生时间、原因依据和结果目的关系判断连词。该类考点在新考纲语法填空和阅读长句中仍会持续渗透。 （8） 连词逻辑辨析与语篇衔接 状语从句常与并列连词一起考查，要求根据前后句的对比、选择、因果、递进等关系判断while、and、but、so、or等连接词；训练时应关注句间逻辑，而不是孤立翻译。 （8） （5） （7） （4） 从江苏省近六年中职职教高考英语真题来看，状语从句属于高频逻辑关系考点，常与并列连词、从属连词和固定表达一起考查。2021—2026年旧真题第一节中，专题“状语从句与并列连词”可提取到4个相关切片，涉及2021第8题、2022第5题、2025第7题、2026第4题；其中2022第5题为once引导条件状语从句，2025第7题为although引导让步状语从句，2021第8题和2026第4题侧重连词逻辑关系辨析，可作为状语从句复习中的语义衔接延伸素材。命题重点集中在条件、让步、原因、时间、结果等逻辑关系判断，以及连词所连接的两个分句之间的语义关系。 一、状语从句 （1）定义 状语从句是在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，用来表示时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、结果、目的、方式、比较等含义的从句。它相当于一个副词，因此也被称为副词性从句。 【考点1 时间状语从句、地点状语从句和条件状语从句】 一、时间状语从句 （1）时间状语从句引导词详解 引导词 / 固定结构 实义动词核心用法详解 例句 when 可接瞬间动词、延续性动词，既可指时间点，也可指时间段，使用范围最广 When I arrived, he was doing homework. 我到的时候，他正在写作业。 I often listen to music when I walk. 我走路时经常听音乐。 while ①仅接延续性动词，强调主从句动作同时进行； ②可作并列连词，表转折 “然而” My mom was cooking while my dad was reading. 妈妈做饭时，爸爸在看书。 I like PE while my desk-mate likes art. 我喜欢体育，然而同桌喜欢美术。 as 强调两个动作同步伴随，译为 “一边…… 一边；随着” As the bell rang, the students ran out. 铃声一响，学生们就跑了出去。 before “在…… 之前”，表动作先后顺序，基础用法遵循主将从现 Think twice before you make a decision. 做决定前要三思。 after 意为 “在…… 之后”，表动作先后顺序，遵循主将从现规则 I will go out after I finish my homework. 我写完作业就出门。 since “自从…… 以来”，动作从过去持续到现在 ① 时态规则：主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时； ②特殊翻译：从句为延续性动词时，需反译为 “自从不再做某事”；③必考句型：It is/has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时 I have lived here since I was 5 years old. 我从五岁起就住在这里。 It has been 3 years since I smoked. 我戒烟已经三年了。 It is two years since we met. 我们相识已有两年。 every time / each time / next time 名词短语直接充当连词，表 “每次、下次”，等同于 whenever，时态遵循主将从现 Every time I see him, he is smiling. 我每次见到他，他都在微笑。 Next time you come, bring your notebook. 下次你来，带上你的笔记本。 once “一旦”，兼具时间含义与轻微条件意味，严格遵循主将从现 Once I get to Beijing, I will call you. 我一到北京就给你打电话。 as soon as “一…… 就……”，强调两个动作紧密衔接；可用于全部时态，将来语境遵循主将从现；过去时态可与 hardly...when 等句型互换 I will call you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就打电话。 As soon as the film ended, people left. 电影一结束，观众就离开了。 hardly...when / no sooner...than 一…… 就……，仅用于过去时态； ①时态规则：主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时； ②倒装规则：hardly、no sooner 置于句首时，主句使用部分倒装； ③辨析：as soon as 可用于全时态，本组句型仅限过去时 He had hardly arrived when it rained. 他刚到家就下雨了。 Hardly had he arrived when it rained.（倒装句） No sooner had the bell rung than students ran out. 铃声一响，学生们冲了出去。 hardly/scarcely...when scarcely 与 hardly 用法完全一致，语气更正式；时态、倒装规则同 hardly...when He had scarcely finished work when his friend came. 他刚做完作业，朋友就来了。 Scarcely had he finished work when his friend came.（倒装句） until / till ①肯定句：主句使用延续性动词，表示动作持续到从句动作发生； ②否定句：not...until... 意为 “直到…… 才……” He waited until his friend came. 他一直等到朋友到来。 I didn't go to bed until Mom came back. 我直到妈妈回来才睡觉。 （2）高频时间句型专项对比 句型结构 时态要求 含义 例句 It (will) be + 时间段 + before + 从句 主句将来时，从句一般现在时（主将从现） 再过多久…… 才…… It will be three years before we meet again.再过三年我们才能再次相见。 It (will) be + not + 时间段 + before + 从句 主句将来时，从句一般现在时（主将从现） 没过多久…… 就…… It won't be long before he comes back.没过多久他就会回来。 It + has been /is + 时间段 + since + 从句 主句：现在完成时 / 一般现在时从句：一般过去时 自从…… 以来，已经多久了 It has been five years since I left school.我毕业已经五年了。 It + be + 时间点 + when + 从句 时态根据语境灵活变化（过去 / 现在 / 将来） 就在某个时间点，发生了某事 It was 8 o'clock when I got up this morning.今早我起床时已经八点了。 二、地点状语从句引导词详解 引导词 / 区分要点 核心用法详解 例句 where “在…… 地方”，特指某一地点，修饰整个主句 Where there is water, there is life. 有水的地方就有生命。 wherever “无论在哪里”，泛指任意地点，等同于 no matter where Wherever you go, I will follow you. 无论你去哪里，我都会陪着你。 易混区分 地点状语从句：where 前方无地点类名词，修饰整个主句；定语从句：where 修饰前面表地点的先行词 Where we live, the air is fresh.（地点状语从句） I love the place where we live.（定语从句） 三、条件状语从句引导词详解 引导词 / 区分要点 核心用法详解 例句 unless “除非；如果不”，等同于 if...not，单词本身包含否定含义 You will fail unless you study hard. = You will fail if you don't study hard. 除非努力学习，否则你会不及格。 as long as “只要”，强调限定条件 As long as you keep trying, you will succeed. 只要坚持努力，你就会成功。 in case “以防；万一”，引导预防类条件，从句多使用一般现在时，不强制套用主将从现 Take an umbrella in case it rains.带上雨伞，以防下雨。I'll stay here in case you need help.我留在这里，万一你需要帮忙。 provided that（亦可写作 providing that） “假如；倘若”，多用于书面语，表明确的假设条件，语气正式，that 可省略 Provided (that) you work hard, you will get good grades.倘若你努力学习，就能取得好成绩。 We will go camping provided it doesn't rain.假如不下雨，我们就去露营。 if “如果”，引导真实条件句，严格遵循主将从现规则 If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go hiking. 如果明天天晴，我们就去远足。 易混区分 条件状语从句：if 译为 “如果”，使用主将从现；宾语从句：if 译为 “是否”，时态跟随主句变化 I will help you if I am free.（条件状语从句） I don't know if he will come.（宾语从句） 即时训练 基础夯实：单项选择 1. The dispatcher called the driver ______ the last parcel reached the sorting line. A. unless B. as soon as C. although D. so that 2.______ the bakery oven reaches the set temperature, the red light will go off. A. Once B. Although C. Before D. While 3. ______ the electrician was testing the cable, the warning lamp kept flashing. A. Since B. While C. Unless D. Or 4. Please lock the tool cabinet before you ______ the training room. A. leave B. will leave C. left D. are leaving 5. Keep a paper copy of the form ______ the network fails during registration. A. in case B. so that C. now that D. while 能力提升：语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At a drone maintenance booth, students observed each step of a battery check. The supervisor asked them to stand behind the yellow line (1)______ the drone was running. The screen would turn blue as soon as the battery (2)______ (reach) a safe level. Before the cover (3)______ (open), every tool had to be counted. One student recorded the numbers after the first test (4)______ (finish). The group did not move closer (5)______ the propellers stopped completely. When a warning sound (6)______ (appear), the assistant wrote it down at once. The longer they watched the process, the (7)______ (clear) the safety rules became. A checklist (8)______ (place) beside the table so that nobody missed a step. Students learned to use time clauses (9)______ describe order in technical work. This practice makes workplace instructions (10)______ (exact). 【考点2 原因状语从句、让步状语从句和结果状语从句】 一、原因状语从句引导词详解 引导词 / 区分要点 语气强弱 核心用法详解 例句 because 最强 表直接、客观的原因，专门用于回答 why 提出的问题，可置于句首或句末 — Why are you late? — Because I missed the bus. —— 你为什么迟到？ —— 因为我没赶上车。 since 中等 “既然”，表显而易见的已知原因，大多置于句首 Since everyone is here, let's start the meeting. 既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。 now that 中等 “既然、由于”，侧重新出现的情况、当下的事实，暗含时间意味，多放句首 Now that you have finished your work, you can go home.既然你已经完成工作了，就可以回家了。 as 最弱 “由于”，附带说明原因，多用于书面语，常置于句首 As it rained, we canceled the trip. 由于下雨，我们取消了出行。 for 最弱 并列连词，仅能放在主句之后，用于补充说明理由，不可置于句首 He must be ill, for he didn't come to school. 他一定生病了，因为他没来上学。 核心规律 — because、since、as 三类引导词，与 so 绝对不能连用，英文句式二选一 ❌ Because he was tired, so he rested. ✅ Because he was tired, he rested. 二、让步状语从句引导词详解 引导词 / 区分要点 核心用法详解 例句 though / although “虽然、尽管”，二者用法基本一致，使用范围最广，可互换；从句可放句首或句末 Though he is young, he knows a lot.虽然他年纪小，却懂得很多。 Although it was cold, he went out without a coat.尽管天气很冷，他没穿外套就出门了。 even if / even though “即使、纵然”，语气强于 though/although，侧重假设、虚拟的让步情景 Even if you fail many times, never give up.即使你多次失败，也不要放弃。 no matter + 疑问词 / 疑问词 + ever “无论……”，两组结构同义互换（如 no matter what = whatever），引导让步从句 No matter what you say, I won't change my mind.无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。 as “虽然、尽管”，特殊语法规则：①从句必须使用表语 / 状语 / 谓语前置倒装结构（名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 动词原形提前；②名词前置规则：单数可数名词随 as 前置时，去掉 a/an。 Young as he is, he works hard.虽然他年纪小，但是学习很努力。（形容词前置） Try as he may, he can't finish the work.尽管他尽力了，还是完不成工作。（动词原形前置）Child as he is, he knows a lot.虽然他还是孩子，但他学识渊博。（单数可数名词前置） whether...or... “无论…… 还是……”，表示对两种情况作出让步选择，涵盖全部可能性，可省略 whether Whether you go or stay, I will stay here.无论你走还是留，我都会待在这里。 Rich or poor, everyone has the right to be happy.无论贫富，人人都有追求幸福的权利。 核心规律 though/although使用正常语序，日常使用最普遍；as（引导让步状语从句时）必须倒装，书面色彩更浓 所有让步引导词，都不能与连词 but 连用。 ❌ 错误：Though he is ill, but he goes to school. ✅ 正确：Though he is ill, he goes to school. 三、结果状语从句引导词详解 引导词 / 区分要点 核心用法详解 例句 so...that... 结构：so + 形容词 / 副词 + that 从句，so 用来修饰形容词、副词 The girl is so lovely that we all like her. 这个女孩如此可爱，我们都喜欢她。 He runs so quickly that no one can catch him. 他跑得太快，没人能追上他。 such...that... 结构：such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that 从句，such 用来修饰名词 It is such a nice day that we play outside. 天气这么好，我们都出去玩。 They are such interesting books that I read twice. 这些书十分有趣，我读了两遍。 特殊规则 当名词前出现 many、much、little、few 等词修饰时，只能用 so，不能用 such He had so much work that he couldn't go home. 他工作太多，没法回家。 句型转换 so...that... 句型可与 too...to...（太…… 而不能）、enough to do（足够…… 做某事）相互转换 The box is so heavy that I can't carry it. = The box is too heavy for me to carry. 这个箱子太重，我搬不动。 即时训练 基础夯实：单项选择 1. The care label was ______ small that several customers missed the washing rule. A. such B. so C. because D. although 2. ______ the delivery address has changed, please print a new shipping sticker. A. Now that B. Unless C. While D. Or 3.______ the road was narrow, the delivery robot moved safely along the line. A. Although B. Because C. Unless D. Once 4. It was ______ practical advice that the new clerks wrote it on their notebooks. A. so B. such C. too D. very 5. The screen was turned off ______ the battery had been used up. A. because B. although C. if D. until 能力提升：语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At a pet-care center, trainees learned to write simple notices for animal owners. The first notice was rewritten because it (1)______ (contain) too many long words. Since some visitors (2)______ (be) elderly, the manager asked for larger print. The staff placed pictures beside each sentence so that owners (3)______ understand feeding times quickly. One warning was so important (4)______ it was printed in red. It was such (5)______ clear chart that even new workers could follow it. A second copy (6)______ (keep) near the medicine box in case someone needed it later. The more examples the class discussed, the (7)______ (natural) their English became. Before lunch, each notice (8)______ (read) aloud twice. The teacher reminded students (9)______ (choose) conjunctions by logic, not by translation. This task shows that clauses (10)______ (connect) reasons, purposes and results. 【考点3 目的状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句】 一、目的状语从句引导词详解 引导词 / 区分要点 核心用法详解 例句 so that “以便、为了”，最常用引导词，从句中常搭配 can、could、may、might、will 等情态动词 She gets up early so that she can catch the early bus. 她早起是为了赶上早班车。 in order that “为了”，语气比 so that 正式，可置于句首或句末 In order that we can learn well, we need to listen carefully. 为了学好知识，我们需要认真听讲。 同义转换 目的状语从句可改写为 in order to do /to do 简单句 He studies hard so that（=in order that） he can pass the exam. = He studies hard in order to pass the exam. 他努力学习是为了通过考试。 易混区分 目的从句：so that + 情态动词，表 “为了”；结果从句：so…that…，无情态动词，表 “如此…… 以至于” I speak loudly so that everyone can hear me.（目的从句） I speak so loudly that everyone can hear me.（结果从句） in case “以防、免得”，侧重提前预防不利情况发生，从句一般不用情态动词，时态多用一般现在时 Take an umbrella in case it rains.带上雨伞，以防下雨。 for fear that “生怕、唯恐”，主观担忧情绪更强，强调主语害怕某事发生，从句常搭配情态动词 She locked the door for fear that strangers would come in.她锁上门，生怕陌生人进来。 易混区分 so that /in order that：主动追求某个好结果，译为 “以便、为了”； in case：客观预防意外，译为 “以防”； for fear that：主观害怕坏事发生，译为 “唯恐、生怕”。 I speak loudly so that everyone can hear me.（为了让大家听见） I speak quietly for fear that I will wake the baby.（生怕吵醒婴儿） in case 可引导条件状语从句（万一）和目的状语从句（以防） 目的：Take medicine in case you feel sick.（备药以防生病） 条件：Call me in case you need help.（万一需要帮忙就打电话） 二、方式状语从句引导词详解 引导词 / 区分要点 核心用法详解 例句 as “按照、如同”，用来说明动作发生的方式 Do as your teacher tells you. 按照老师说的去做。 as if/as though “好像、仿佛”，常用来描述不真实、带有虚拟色彩的情景 She looks as if she cried. 她看起来好像哭过。 三、比较状语从句引导词详解 核心句型 结构 例句 as + 原级 + as 原级比较，“和…… 一样”；否定式：not as/so + 原级 + as，意为 “不如……” This pen is as good as that one. 这支笔和那支一样好。 This story is not so interesting as that one. 这个故事不如那个故事有趣。 比较级 + than 两者对比，“比…… 更……” He is taller than his brother. 他比他弟弟高。 the + 比较级，the + 比较级 固定句型“越……，就越……” The more you read, the more knowledge you will get. 你读得越多，学到的知识就越多。 即时训练 基础夯实：单项选择 1.He gets up early ______ he can catch the first bus. A. such that B. in order to C. so that D. now that 2.Take more clothes ______ it gets cold outside. A. for fear that B. in case C. so that D. as if 3.She closed the window ______ the wind would blow the books away. A. in case B. for fear that C. as D. than 4.You must do ______ the teacher tells you. A. as B. though C. if D. when 5.The little girl talks ______ she were an adult. A. until B. as C. though D. as if 能力提升：语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During a fire-safety drill at an elderly care center, the trainer used short instructions. Before the alarm (1)______ (sound), each helper checked the nearest exit. When necessary, a wheelchair (2)______ (move) to the wider passage. Helpers wore bright jackets while (3)______ (guide) residents downstairs. If possible, every resident (4)______ (keep) with the same helper. Although (5)______ (tire), the team stayed calm. The trainer repeated key words so that everyone (6)______ hear them clearly. A final list (7)______ (complete) after the drill ended. The more direct the instructions were, the (8)______ (quick) residents understood them. Students practised these clauses (9)______ make emergency English shorter. They learned that omitted clauses still (10)______ (keep) clear logic. 1. （2021年江苏真题第8题）Some people never seem to put on weight ________ others are always on a diet. A. while B. or C. since D. for 2. （2022年江苏真题第5题）________ he is determined to do something, no one is able to persuade him to ________. A. Once; give up B. Even if; give out C. Now that; give off D. Unless; give in 3. （2025年江苏真题第7题）She was still smiling ________ she didn’t win the race. A. because B. although C. since D. if 4. （2026年江苏真题第4题）Students are asked to take another course in English, ________ science. A. and B. but C. so D. or 5. （改编自2021年江苏真题第8题）Some residents prefer paper notices, ________ others read updates only on their phones. A. while B. unless C. because D. until 6. （改编自2022年江苏真题第5题）________ the workshop rule is confirmed, every group must follow the same checklist. A. Once B. Although C. Before D. While 7. （改编自2025年江苏真题第7题）The volunteer stayed polite ________ the visitor asked the same question twice. A. if B. although C. because D. so 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2027年江苏省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣江苏省职教高考中职英语真题考情，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是2027年江苏省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》的第6个专题，内容为状语从句。 【2027年新考纲】江苏省（职教高考） 《英语一轮讲练测》 专题06 状语从句 目 录 01 考情解码·命题预警 02 体系构建·思维可视 03 核心突破·靶向攻坚 考点1 时间状语从句、地点状语从句和条件状语从句 即时训练 考点2 原因状语从句、让步状语从句和结果状语从句 即时训练 考点3 目的状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句 即时训练 04 真题溯源·考向感知 考点 内容解读 江苏省近六年中职职教高考统计（题号） 2021年 2022年 2023年 2024年 2025年 2026年 条件状语从句 掌握if、unless、once、as long as等引导条件状语从句的用法，能根据“一旦、如果、除非、只要”等语义判断主从句关系；注意条件从句与主句之间的逻辑承接，避免只按单个连词中文意思选择。 （5） 让步状语从句 掌握although、though、even if、even though等引导让步状语从句的用法，能根据前后句“虽然……但是……”的转折让步关系判断；注意英语中although不与but连用。 （7） 时间、原因与结果状语从句 掌握when、while、before、after、because、since、so that等常见从属连词的基本意义和句法功能；能结合动作发生时间、原因依据和结果目的关系判断连词。该类考点在新考纲语法填空和阅读长句中仍会持续渗透。 （8） 连词逻辑辨析与语篇衔接 状语从句常与并列连词一起考查，要求根据前后句的对比、选择、因果、递进等关系判断while、and、but、so、or等连接词；训练时应关注句间逻辑，而不是孤立翻译。 （8） （5） （7） （4） 从江苏省近六年中职职教高考英语真题来看，状语从句属于高频逻辑关系考点，常与并列连词、从属连词和固定表达一起考查。2021—2026年旧真题第一节中，专题“状语从句与并列连词”可提取到4个相关切片，涉及2021第8题、2022第5题、2025第7题、2026第4题；其中2022第5题为once引导条件状语从句，2025第7题为although引导让步状语从句，2021第8题和2026第4题侧重连词逻辑关系辨析，可作为状语从句复习中的语义衔接延伸素材。命题重点集中在条件、让步、原因、时间、结果等逻辑关系判断，以及连词所连接的两个分句之间的语义关系。 一、状语从句 （1）定义 状语从句是在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，用来表示时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、结果、目的、方式、比较等含义的从句。它相当于一个副词，因此也被称为副词性从句。 【考点1 时间状语从句、地点状语从句和条件状语从句】 一、时间状语从句 （1）时间状语从句引导词详解 引导词 / 固定结构 实义动词核心用法详解 例句 when 可接瞬间动词、延续性动词，既可指时间点，也可指时间段，使用范围最广 When I arrived, he was doing homework. 我到的时候，他正在写作业。 I often listen to music when I walk. 我走路时经常听音乐。 while ①仅接延续性动词，强调主从句动作同时进行； ②可作并列连词，表转折 “然而” My mom was cooking while my dad was reading. 妈妈做饭时，爸爸在看书。 I like PE while my desk-mate likes art. 我喜欢体育，然而同桌喜欢美术。 as 强调两个动作同步伴随，译为 “一边…… 一边；随着” As the bell rang, the students ran out. 铃声一响，学生们就跑了出去。 before “在…… 之前”，表动作先后顺序，基础用法遵循主将从现 Think twice before you make a decision. 做决定前要三思。 after 意为 “在…… 之后”，表动作先后顺序，遵循主将从现规则 I will go out after I finish my homework. 我写完作业就出门。 since “自从…… 以来”，动作从过去持续到现在 ① 时态规则：主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时； ②特殊翻译：从句为延续性动词时，需反译为 “自从不再做某事”；③必考句型：It is/has been + 时间段 + since + 一般过去时 I have lived here since I was 5 years old. 我从五岁起就住在这里。 It has been 3 years since I smoked. 我戒烟已经三年了。 It is two years since we met. 我们相识已有两年。 every time / each time / next time 名词短语直接充当连词，表 “每次、下次”，等同于 whenever，时态遵循主将从现 Every time I see him, he is smiling. 我每次见到他，他都在微笑。 Next time you come, bring your notebook. 下次你来，带上你的笔记本。 once “一旦”，兼具时间含义与轻微条件意味，严格遵循主将从现 Once I get to Beijing, I will call you. 我一到北京就给你打电话。 as soon as “一…… 就……”，强调两个动作紧密衔接；可用于全部时态，将来语境遵循主将从现；过去时态可与 hardly...when 等句型互换 I will call you as soon as I get home. 我一到家就打电话。 As soon as the film ended, people left. 电影一结束，观众就离开了。 hardly...when / no sooner...than 一…… 就……，仅用于过去时态； ①时态规则：主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时； ②倒装规则：hardly、no sooner 置于句首时，主句使用部分倒装； ③辨析：as soon as 可用于全时态，本组句型仅限过去时 He had hardly arrived when it rained. 他刚到家就下雨了。 Hardly had he arrived when it rained.（倒装句） No sooner had the bell rung than students ran out. 铃声一响，学生们冲了出去。 hardly/scarcely...when scarcely 与 hardly 用法完全一致，语气更正式；时态、倒装规则同 hardly...when He had scarcely finished work when his friend came. 他刚做完作业，朋友就来了。 Scarcely had he finished work when his friend came.（倒装句） until / till ①肯定句：主句使用延续性动词，表示动作持续到从句动作发生； ②否定句：not...until... 意为 “直到…… 才……” He waited until his friend came. 他一直等到朋友到来。 I didn't go to bed until Mom came back. 我直到妈妈回来才睡觉。 （2）高频时间句型专项对比 句型结构 时态要求 含义 例句 It (will) be + 时间段 + before + 从句 主句将来时，从句一般现在时（主将从现） 再过多久…… 才…… It will be three years before we meet again.再过三年我们才能再次相见。 It (will) be + not + 时间段 + before + 从句 主句将来时，从句一般现在时（主将从现） 没过多久…… 就…… It won't be long before he comes back.没过多久他就会回来。 It + has been /is + 时间段 + since + 从句 主句：现在完成时 / 一般现在时从句：一般过去时 自从…… 以来，已经多久了 It has been five years since I left school.我毕业已经五年了。 It + be + 时间点 + when + 从句 时态根据语境灵活变化（过去 / 现在 / 将来） 就在某个时间点，发生了某事 It was 8 o'clock when I got up this morning.今早我起床时已经八点了。 二、地点状语从句引导词详解 引导词 / 区分要点 核心用法详解 例句 where “在…… 地方”，特指某一地点，修饰整个主句 Where there is water, there is life. 有水的地方就有生命。 wherever “无论在哪里”，泛指任意地点，等同于 no matter where Wherever you go, I will follow you. 无论你去哪里，我都会陪着你。 易混区分 地点状语从句：where 前方无地点类名词，修饰整个主句；定语从句：where 修饰前面表地点的先行词 Where we live, the air is fresh.（地点状语从句） I love the place where we live.（定语从句） 三、条件状语从句引导词详解 引导词 / 区分要点 核心用法详解 例句 unless “除非；如果不”，等同于 if...not，单词本身包含否定含义 You will fail unless you study hard. = You will fail if you don't study hard. 除非努力学习，否则你会不及格。 as long as “只要”，强调限定条件 As long as you keep trying, you will succeed. 只要坚持努力，你就会成功。 in case “以防；万一”，引导预防类条件，从句多使用一般现在时，不强制套用主将从现 Take an umbrella in case it rains.带上雨伞，以防下雨。I'll stay here in case you need help.我留在这里，万一你需要帮忙。 provided that（亦可写作 providing that） “假如；倘若”，多用于书面语，表明确的假设条件，语气正式，that 可省略 Provided (that) you work hard, you will get good grades.倘若你努力学习，就能取得好成绩。 We will go camping provided it doesn't rain.假如不下雨，我们就去露营。 if “如果”，引导真实条件句，严格遵循主将从现规则 If it is sunny tomorrow, we will go hiking. 如果明天天晴，我们就去远足。 易混区分 条件状语从句：if 译为 “如果”，使用主将从现；宾语从句：if 译为 “是否”，时态跟随主句变化 I will help you if I am free.（条件状语从句） I don't know if he will come.（宾语从句） 即时训练 基础夯实：单项选择 1. The dispatcher called the driver ______ the last parcel reached the sorting line. A. unless B. as soon as C. although D. so that 【答案】B 【解析】考点：as soon as引导时间状语从句。called与reached两个动作紧接发生，用as soon as表示“一……就……”。 易错点：不要把so that目的关系误用于动作先后。 2.______ the bakery oven reaches the set temperature, the red light will go off. A. Once B. Although C. Before D. While 【答案】A 【解析】考点：once引导条件状语从句。设定温度一达到，红灯就熄灭，用once表示“一旦”。 易错点：although表示让步，不表示条件成立后的结果。 3. ______ the electrician was testing the cable, the warning lamp kept flashing. A. Since B. While C. Unless D. Or 【答案】B 【解析】考点：while引导延续背景。was testing是延续动作，主句kept flashing同时发生，用while。 易错点：since若表原因，不能准确说明两个动作同时进行。 4. Please lock the tool cabinet before you ______ the training room. A. leave B. will leave C. left D. are leaving 【答案】A 【解析】考点：时间状语从句主将从现。before引导时间从句，主句为祈使句指将来，从句用一般现在时leave。 易错点：不能因将来意义写will leave。 5. Keep a paper copy of the form ______ the network fails during registration. A. in case B. so that C. now that D. while 【答案】A 【解析】考点：in case。准备纸质表格是为了预防网络故障，用in case。 易错点：so that后通常说明目的结果，不如in case突出预防风险。 能力提升：语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At a drone maintenance booth, students observed each step of a battery check. The supervisor asked them to stand behind the yellow line (1)______ the drone was running. The screen would turn blue as soon as the battery (2)______ (reach) a safe level. Before the cover (3)______ (open), every tool had to be counted. One student recorded the numbers after the first test (4)______ (finish). The group did not move closer (5)______ the propellers stopped completely. When a warning sound (6)______ (appear), the assistant wrote it down at once. The longer they watched the process, the (7)______ (clear) the safety rules became. A checklist (8)______ (place) beside the table so that nobody missed a step. Students learned to use time clauses (9)______ describe order in technical work. This practice makes workplace instructions (10)______ (exact). 【答案】1. while; 2. reaches; 3. was opened; 4. finished; 5. until; 6. appeared; 7. clearer; 8. was placed; 9. to; 10. more exact 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍无人机维修展台的电池检测流程，综合考查时间状语从句、主将从现、被动语态、比较结构和不定式。 【解析】1. 考查while引导时间状语从句。依据是从句running表示检测过程正在进行，主句stand behind说明同一时间内的安全要求。 易错点：while后多接延续动作，不能用or或but连接成并列选择。 2. 考查时间状语从句中的主将从现。as soon as引导的从句表示将来条件下的时间点，括号动词reach用一般现在时。 易错点：不能受主句would turn影响写would reach。 3. 考查一般过去时被动语态。cover与open之间是承受关系，且上下文是过去流程说明，用was opened。 易错点：若写opened，会误成“盖子主动打开”。 4. 考查一般过去时。after引导时间从句，first test是动作主体，finish在此为不及物意义“结束”，用finished。 易错点：不要机械使用被动；test finished表示测试结束。 5. 考查not...until结构。did not move closer说明直到螺旋桨完全停止才靠近，用until表示时间终点。 易错点：while不能表达“直到……才”。 6. 考查一般过去时。when引导时间从句，warning sound appeared表示过去流程中出现提示音，用appeared。 易错点：appear是不及物动词，不能写was appeared。 7. 考查the+比较级，the+比较级。前半句The longer提示后半句用clear的比较级clearer。 易错点：不要写more clear；clear常规比较级为clearer。 8. 考查一般过去时被动语态。checklist与place之间是被动关系，且语篇叙述过去训练过程，用was placed。 易错点：主语单数，不能写were placed。 9. 考查不定式作目的状语。use time clauses to describe order表示“用时间从句来描述顺序”。 易错点：这里to不是介词，后接动词原形describe。 10. 考查形容词比较级。make instructions more exact表示使说明更准确，与语篇中流程规范形成语义呼应。 易错点：exact是多音节形容词，比较级用more exact。 【考点2 原因状语从句、让步状语从句和结果状语从句】 一、原因状语从句引导词详解 引导词 / 区分要点 语气强弱 核心用法详解 例句 because 最强 表直接、客观的原因，专门用于回答 why 提出的问题，可置于句首或句末 — Why are you late? — Because I missed the bus. —— 你为什么迟到？ —— 因为我没赶上车。 since 中等 “既然”，表显而易见的已知原因，大多置于句首 Since everyone is here, let's start the meeting. 既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。 now that 中等 “既然、由于”，侧重新出现的情况、当下的事实，暗含时间意味，多放句首 Now that you have finished your work, you can go home.既然你已经完成工作了，就可以回家了。 as 最弱 “由于”，附带说明原因，多用于书面语，常置于句首 As it rained, we canceled the trip. 由于下雨，我们取消了出行。 for 最弱 并列连词，仅能放在主句之后，用于补充说明理由，不可置于句首 He must be ill, for he didn't come to school. 他一定生病了，因为他没来上学。 核心规律 — because、since、as 三类引导词，与 so 绝对不能连用，英文句式二选一 ❌ Because he was tired, so he rested. ✅ Because he was tired, he rested. 二、让步状语从句引导词详解 引导词 / 区分要点 核心用法详解 例句 though / although “虽然、尽管”，二者用法基本一致，使用范围最广，可互换；从句可放句首或句末 Though he is young, he knows a lot.虽然他年纪小，却懂得很多。 Although it was cold, he went out without a coat.尽管天气很冷，他没穿外套就出门了。 even if / even though “即使、纵然”，语气强于 though/although，侧重假设、虚拟的让步情景 Even if you fail many times, never give up.即使你多次失败，也不要放弃。 no matter + 疑问词 / 疑问词 + ever “无论……”，两组结构同义互换（如 no matter what = whatever），引导让步从句 No matter what you say, I won't change my mind.无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。 as “虽然、尽管”，特殊语法规则：①从句必须使用表语 / 状语 / 谓语前置倒装结构（名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 动词原形提前；②名词前置规则：单数可数名词随 as 前置时，去掉 a/an。 Young as he is, he works hard.虽然他年纪小，但是学习很努力。（形容词前置） Try as he may, he can't finish the work.尽管他尽力了，还是完不成工作。（动词原形前置）Child as he is, he knows a lot.虽然他还是孩子，但他学识渊博。（单数可数名词前置） whether...or... “无论…… 还是……”，表示对两种情况作出让步选择，涵盖全部可能性，可省略 whether Whether you go or stay, I will stay here.无论你走还是留，我都会待在这里。 Rich or poor, everyone has the right to be happy.无论贫富，人人都有追求幸福的权利。 核心规律 though/although使用正常语序，日常使用最普遍；as（引导让步状语从句时）必须倒装，书面色彩更浓 所有让步引导词，都不能与连词 but 连用。 ❌ 错误：Though he is ill, but he goes to school. ✅ 正确：Though he is ill, he goes to school. 三、结果状语从句引导词详解 引导词 / 区分要点 核心用法详解 例句 so...that... 结构：so + 形容词 / 副词 + that 从句，so 用来修饰形容词、副词 The girl is so lovely that we all like her. 这个女孩如此可爱，我们都喜欢她。 He runs so quickly that no one can catch him. 他跑得太快，没人能追上他。 such...that... 结构：such + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + that 从句，such 用来修饰名词 It is such a nice day that we play outside. 天气这么好，我们都出去玩。 They are such interesting books that I read twice. 这些书十分有趣，我读了两遍。 特殊规则 当名词前出现 many、much、little、few 等词修饰时，只能用 so，不能用 such He had so much work that he couldn't go home. 他工作太多，没法回家。 句型转换 so...that... 句型可与 too...to...（太…… 而不能）、enough to do（足够…… 做某事）相互转换 The box is so heavy that I can't carry it. = The box is too heavy for me to carry. 这个箱子太重，我搬不动。 即时训练 基础夯实：单项选择 1. The care label was ______ small that several customers missed the washing rule. A. such B. so C. because D. although 【答案】B 【解析】考点：so...that结果状语从句。small是形容词，用so small that表示“如此小以至于”。 易错点：such后应接名词短语，如such a small label。 2. ______ the delivery address has changed, please print a new shipping sticker. A. Now that B. Unless C. While D. Or 【答案】A 【解析】考点：now that原因状语从句。地址已经改变是重新打印贴纸的已知原因，用now that。 易错点：unless表示除非，不解释原因。 3.______ the road was narrow, the delivery robot moved safely along the line. A. Although B. Because C. Unless D. Once 【答案】A 【解析】考点：although让步状语从句。道路窄与机器人安全移动形成让步关系，用although。 易错点：although不能再与but连用。 4. It was ______ practical advice that the new clerks wrote it on their notebooks. A. so B. such C. too D. very 【答案】B 【解析】考点：such...that。advice是名词，practical advice构成名词短语，用such...that。 易错点：advice不可数，不能写such a practical advice。 5. The screen was turned off ______ the battery had been used up. A. because B. although C. if D. until 【答案】A 【解析】考点：because原因状语从句。电池耗尽解释屏幕关闭的直接原因，用because。 易错点：although表示让步，与语义不符。 能力提升：语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 At a pet-care center, trainees learned to write simple notices for animal owners. The first notice was rewritten because it (1)______ (contain) too many long words. Since some visitors (2)______ (be) elderly, the manager asked for larger print. The staff placed pictures beside each sentence so that owners (3)______ understand feeding times quickly. One warning was so important (4)______ it was printed in red. It was such (5)______ clear chart that even new workers could follow it. A second copy (6)______ (keep) near the medicine box in case someone needed it later. The more examples the class discussed, the (7)______ (natural) their English became. Before lunch, each notice (8)______ (read) aloud twice. The teacher reminded students (9)______ (choose) conjunctions by logic, not by translation. This task shows that clauses (10)______ (connect) reasons, purposes and results. 【答案】1. contained; 2. were; 3. could; 4. that; 5. a; 6. was kept; 7. more natural; 8. was read; 9. to choose; 10. connect 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍宠物护理中心英文告示改写，综合考查原因、目的、结果状语从句、被动语态、比较结构和不定式。 【解析】1. 考查because原因从句中的一般过去时。notice含有太多长词是改写原因，叙述过去情况用contained。 易错点：contain通常不用进行时。 2. 考查since原因从句中的be动词。visitors为复数，说明已知原因，用were。 易错点：不要把since误判为现在完成时标志。 3. 考查so that目的状语从句。placed pictures的目的是让owners能快速理解，用could表示能力结果。 易错点：目的从句中常出现can/could。 4. 考查so...that结果结构。so important that表示“如此重要以至于”。 易错点：important是形容词，不能用such important that。 5. 考查such...that结构中的冠词。chart为单数可数名词，such a clear chart that结构完整。 易错点：不要漏掉a。 6. 考查一般过去时被动语态。copy与keep是被动关系，且主语单数，用was kept。 易错点：kept alone会缺少被动助动词。 7. 考查the+比较级结构。The more examples提示后半句用natural的比较级more natural。 易错点：natural为多音节形容词，用more。 8. 考查一般过去时被动语态。notice与read aloud之间是被动关系，each notice单数，用was read。 易错点：read过去分词拼写相同但读音不同。 9. 考查remind sb. to do结构。reminded students to choose表示提醒学生选择。 易错点：不能写choose原形直接跟在students后。 10. 考查一般现在时。clauses为复数主语，陈述从句功能，用connect。 易错点：主语复数不加s。 【考点3 目的状语从句、方式状语从句和比较状语从句】 一、目的状语从句引导词详解 引导词 / 区分要点 核心用法详解 例句 so that “以便、为了”，最常用引导词，从句中常搭配 can、could、may、might、will 等情态动词 She gets up early so that she can catch the early bus. 她早起是为了赶上早班车。 in order that “为了”，语气比 so that 正式，可置于句首或句末 In order that we can learn well, we need to listen carefully. 为了学好知识，我们需要认真听讲。 同义转换 目的状语从句可改写为 in order to do /to do 简单句 He studies hard so that（=in order that） he can pass the exam. = He studies hard in order to pass the exam. 他努力学习是为了通过考试。 易混区分 目的从句：so that + 情态动词，表 “为了”；结果从句：so…that…，无情态动词，表 “如此…… 以至于” I speak loudly so that everyone can hear me.（目的从句） I speak so loudly that everyone can hear me.（结果从句） in case “以防、免得”，侧重提前预防不利情况发生，从句一般不用情态动词，时态多用一般现在时 Take an umbrella in case it rains.带上雨伞，以防下雨。 for fear that “生怕、唯恐”，主观担忧情绪更强，强调主语害怕某事发生，从句常搭配情态动词 She locked the door for fear that strangers would come in.她锁上门，生怕陌生人进来。 易混区分 so that /in order that：主动追求某个好结果，译为 “以便、为了”； in case：客观预防意外，译为 “以防”； for fear that：主观害怕坏事发生，译为 “唯恐、生怕”。 I speak loudly so that everyone can hear me.（为了让大家听见） I speak quietly for fear that I will wake the baby.（生怕吵醒婴儿） in case 可引导条件状语从句（万一）和目的状语从句（以防） 目的：Take medicine in case you feel sick.（备药以防生病） 条件：Call me in case you need help.（万一需要帮忙就打电话） 二、方式状语从句引导词详解 引导词 / 区分要点 核心用法详解 例句 as “按照、如同”，用来说明动作发生的方式 Do as your teacher tells you. 按照老师说的去做。 as if/as though “好像、仿佛”，常用来描述不真实、带有虚拟色彩的情景 She looks as if she cried. 她看起来好像哭过。 三、比较状语从句引导词详解 核心句型 结构 例句 as + 原级 + as 原级比较，“和…… 一样”；否定式：not as/so + 原级 + as，意为 “不如……” This pen is as good as that one. 这支笔和那支一样好。 This story is not so interesting as that one. 这个故事不如那个故事有趣。 比较级 + than 两者对比，“比…… 更……” He is taller than his brother. 他比他弟弟高。 the + 比较级，the + 比较级 固定句型“越……，就越……” The more you read, the more knowledge you will get. 你读得越多，学到的知识就越多。 即时训练 基础夯实：单项选择 1.He gets up early ______ he can catch the first bus. A. such that B. in order to C. so that D. now that 【答案】C 【解析】句意：他早起是为了赶上首班公交车。此题考查目的状语从句。so that 引导目的状语从句，后接完整句子，从句常搭配情态动词；in order to 后接动词原形，不能接从句，故选 C。 2.Take more clothes ______ it gets cold outside. A. for fear that B. in case C. so that D. as if 【答案】B 【解析】句意：多带点衣服，以防外面天气变冷。此题考查目的状语从句。in case 表示“以防、免得”，侧重提前预防意外情况；for fear that 侧重主观担忧，so that 表正向目的，故选 B。 3.She closed the window ______ the wind would blow the books away. A. in case B. for fear that C. as D. than 【答案】B 【解析】句意：她关上窗户，生怕风把书吹走。此题考查目的状语从句。for fear that 意为“生怕、唯恐”，强调内心的担忧与害怕，符合语境，故选 B。 4.You must do ______ the teacher tells you. A. as B. though C. if D. when 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你必须按照老师说的去做。此题考查方式状语从句。as 引导方式状语从句，意为“按照、如同”，故选 A。 5.The little girl talks ______ she were an adult. A. until B. as C. though D. as if 【答案】D 【解析】句意：这个小女孩说话的样子仿佛像个成年人。此题考查方式状语从句。as if 意为“好像、仿佛”，常用来描述虚拟、不真实的情景，故选 D。 能力提升：语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 During a fire-safety drill at an elderly care center, the trainer used short instructions. Before the alarm (1)______ (sound), each helper checked the nearest exit. When necessary, a wheelchair (2)______ (move) to the wider passage. Helpers wore bright jackets while (3)______ (guide) residents downstairs. If possible, every resident (4)______ (keep) with the same helper. Although (5)______ (tire), the team stayed calm. The trainer repeated key words so that everyone (6)______ hear them clearly. A final list (7)______ (complete) after the drill ended. The more direct the instructions were, the (8)______ (quick) residents understood them. Students practised these clauses (9)______ make emergency English shorter. They learned that omitted clauses still (10)______ (keep) clear logic. 【答案】1. sounded; 2. was moved; 3. guiding; 4. was kept; 5. tired; 6. could; 7. was completed; 8. more quickly; 9. to; 10. keep 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍养老院消防演练中的英文指令，综合考查状语从句省略、被动语态、目的从句、比较结构和不定式。 【解析】1. 考查before时间从句。alarm sounded表示警报响起，sound作不及物动词，用一般过去时。 易错点：不写was sounded。 2. 考查when necessary省略结构后的被动语态。wheelchair与move是被动关系，用was moved。 易错点：when necessary相当于when it was necessary。 3. 考查while doing省略结构。helpers与guide是主动关系，while guiding相当于while they were guiding。 易错点：不要写guided，语义会变成被动。 4. 考查if possible省略结构与被动语态。resident与keep together是被动安排，用was kept。 易错点：every resident为单数概念。 5. 考查although省略结构。Although tired相当于Although they were tired，表示让步。 易错点：tired是形容词，不用tiring描述人的状态。 6. 考查so that目的状语从句。重复关键词是为了让大家能听清，用could。 易错点：目的从句常用can/could。 7. 考查一般过去时被动语态。list与complete之间是被动关系，单数主语用was completed。 易错点：不要漏掉was。 8. 考查the+比较级结构。understood为动词，需用副词quickly的比较级more quickly。 易错点：quick是形容词，修饰动词要用quickly。 9. 考查不定式作目的状语。practised these clauses to make...表示练习这些从句以便缩短表达。 易错点：to后接动词原形make。 10. 考查一般现在时。omitted clauses为复数主语，陈述省略从句的功能，用keep。 易错点：不要因logic单数而写keeps。 1. （2021年江苏真题第8题）Some people never seem to put on weight ________ others are always on a diet. A. while B. or C. since D. for 【答案】A 【解析】考查while表示对比转折。前后分句对照两类人的体重状态，while意为“然而”；or表示选择，since表示自从/既然，for表示因为，均不合语义。 2. （2022年江苏真题第5题）________ he is determined to do something, no one is able to persuade him to ________. A. Once; give up B. Even if; give out C. Now that; give off D. Unless; give in 【答案】A 【解析】考查once引导条件状语从句及give up。Once表示“一旦”，与后句“无人能劝他放弃”构成条件结果关系；give up为“放弃”，与persuade搭配自然。 3. （2025年江苏真题第7题）She was still smiling ________ she didn’t win the race. A. because B. although C. since D. if 【答案】B 【解析】考查although引导让步状语从句。没赢比赛与仍然微笑形成让步关系，应选although；because/since表原因，if表条件。 4. （2026年江苏真题第4题）Students are asked to take another course in English, ________ science. A. and B. but C. so D. or 【答案】D 【解析】考查or表示选择关系。another course说明在English和science中另选一门，or表示“或者”；and会变成两门都选。 5. （改编自2021年江苏真题第8题）Some residents prefer paper notices, ________ others read updates only on their phones. A. while B. unless C. because D. until 【答案】A 【解析】改编题保留原题while对比转折考点。纸质通知与手机阅读形成对照，while意为“然而”。 6. （改编自2022年江苏真题第5题）________ the workshop rule is confirmed, every group must follow the same checklist. A. Once B. Although C. Before D. While 【答案】A 【解析】改编题保留once条件关系。一旦规则确认，各组就按同一清单执行，用Once。 7. （改编自2025年江苏真题第7题）The volunteer stayed polite ________ the visitor asked the same question twice. A. if B. although C. because D. so 【答案】B 【解析】改编题保留让步状语从句。访客重复提问与志愿者仍保持礼貌构成让步关系，用although。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $