专题01 构词法（练习）-【2027年新考纲】江苏省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 以支架式教学为核心，通过分层训练构建构词法从基础夯实到真题应用的完整进阶路径，强化词性转换与复合词运用的语言能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |系列考点夯实练|20题（单选中10题含前缀/后缀/复合词，语法填空10题涉词性转换）|基础型，聚焦构词法核心规则（如en-前缀、-tion后缀、复合形容词）|从单一构词规则（前缀/后缀）到复合词构成，形成"规则认知-基础应用"逻辑链| |核心突破提升练|3篇短文30空（含use→useful、describe→description等转换）|语境型，在语篇中综合运用构词法解决语法填空|从孤立词性转换到语篇语境中的灵活应用，体现"规则迁移-综合运用"进阶| |真题溯源过关练|6道真题（2021-2026年省考真题，如explanation/optimistic等高频词）|实战型，直击考纲高频构词考点|从模拟训练到真题验证，实现"考点强化-应试突破"闭环|

编写说明：【2027年新考纲】江苏省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣江苏省职教高考英语真题考情，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是【2027年新考纲】江苏省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》的第1个专题，内容为构词法。 【2027年新考纲】江苏省（职教高考） 《英语一轮讲练测》专项训练 专题1 构词法 目 录 01 系列考点夯实练 02 核心突破提升练 03 真题溯源过关练 一、系列考点夯实练 单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The factory will ______ the training room with soundproof walls before the skill contest.（ ） A. enlarge B. enable C. enclose D. encourage 2. The nurse checked the medicine list again because the first copy was ______.（ ） A. complete B. incomplete C. completely D. completion 3. This ______ bag can keep vegetables fresh during the two-hour delivery.（ ） A. cold-chain B. chain-cold C. coldly-chain D. chained-cold 4. The clerk asked the visitor to ______ the form because one address line was missing.（ ） A. rewrite B. preview C. misread D. postpone 5. The ______ between the two machine models is shown in the chart on Page 6.（ ） A. different B. differently C. difference D. differ 6. The driver was asked to stop working to avoid ______ after a long night shift.（ ） A. underuse B. overuse C. overwork D. rework 7. The service robot moved ______ through the narrow restaurant aisle.（ ） A. smooth B. smoothly C. smoothness D. smoother 8. The workshop needs a ______ cabinet for chemicals that must not be touched by students.（ ） A. lockable B. lock C. lockedly D. lockless 9. The company hopes to ______ with a local college on a new training program.（ ） A. operation B. operator C. cooperate D. operative 10. The old ticket office will be ______ into a smart information center next year.（ ） A. transported B. translated C. transformed D. transmitted 单句语法填空 阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 11. The new timetable is more ______(practice) for workers who leave the plant after 9 p.m. 12. The volunteer gave a brief ______(introduce) before visitors entered the silk workshop. 13. The label should be written ______(clear), or the package may be sent to the wrong shelf. 14. The chair is light but ______(comfort), so it is suitable for the waiting area. 15. The shop owner made a quick ______(arrive) check when fresh milk reached the back door. 16. The school repaired the ______(break) fence before the sports meeting. 17. The online service was ______(available) for two hours because of a network problem. 18. The guide spoke ______(slow) so that elderly visitors could follow every step. 19. The students used a ______(mini) recorder to collect street sounds for their project. 20. The team leader checked the ______(accurate) of each number before sending the report. 二、核心突破提升练 短文语法填空（一） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 A furniture studio near the canal has changed the way it handles old wood. In the past, many boards were thrown away after repair jobs, but the owner believed they were still 21.______(use). She asked workers to sort them by size and keep a short 22.______(describe) of each piece. The notes helped designers choose materials more 23.______(quick). Last month, the studio made a set of benches for a community garden. Some pieces were 24.______(regular) in shape, so a young carpenter cut them carefully before joining them together. The final design looked simple but 25.______(nature). Visitors praised the benches for their 26.______(warm) color and smooth surface. The project also reduced waste. By the end of the season, the studio 27.______(reuse) nearly half of its old boards. A neighborhood group later invited the owner to give a short 28.______(present) about low-cost design. She said that 29.______(create) often begins with respect for ordinary materials, not with expensive tools. More shops are now 30.______(interest) in the same idea. 短文语法填空（二） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 A vocational school has built a small digital archive for local handcraft tools. Teachers found that many tool names were difficult for students because the words often had special 31.______(mean). For example, a hand saw and a sewing machine are both compound nouns, but their center words are different. The archive shows pictures and gives a 32.______(care) explanation of each name. Students can search the archive 33.______(direct) on classroom tablets. When they meet an 34.______(known) word, they first look for the root or the center word, then check whether a prefix changes its direction. This method has made vocabulary learning more 35.______(manage). One student said the word “repairman” became much 36.______(easy) after he noticed man as the center word. The archive is still growing. Since April, three classes 37.______(collect) over 300 tool cards. Some cards include notes on common 38.______(spell) changes, such as happy to happiness and decide to decision. The English teacher hopes the archive will improve students' 39.______(confident) when they read technical texts. She also reminds them that word formation is 40.______(help), but context is always necessary. 短文语法填空（三） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 A community clinic has introduced a new reminder system for elderly patients. The old paper cards were often 41.______(place), and some patients missed their check-ups. The new system sends a short message two days before each appointment and asks patients to confirm their 42.______(arrive) time. At first, a few patients felt the messages were 43.______(personal), because they came from a machine. The clinic then added the nurse's name at the end of each notice. This small change made the service feel 44.______(friendly). The head nurse also prepared a 45.______(print) guide for patients who did not use smart phones. After three months, missed appointments 46.______(decrease) by 30 percent. Doctors could plan their work more 47.______(effective), and patients spent less time waiting. The clinic will 48.______(large) the system next year so that it can cover home visits. Staff members believe that good 49.______(communicate) is not only about technology; it is also about clear words and 50.______(patient). 三、真题溯源过关练 51. （2021年江苏省普通高校对口单招文化统考英语试题第9题）He gave no ______ for why he hadn't ______ at his brother's wedding ceremony.（ ） A. appreciation; turned out B. expectation; taken out C. explanation; turned up D. instruction; taken up 52. （2023年江苏省中职职教高考文化统考英语试题第2题）The manager spoke ______ of his performance in the work.（ ） A. high B. higher C. highly D. height 53. （2024年江苏省中职职教高考文化统考英语试题第8题）We are all ______ about the future and believe our life will get better.（ ） A. anxious B. sad C. disappointed D. optimistic 54. （2024年江苏省中职职教高考文化统考英语试题第9题）I don't think that Tom's proposal will work ______.（ ） A. actively B. passively C. extremely D. practically 55. （2025年江苏省中职职教高考文化统考英语试题第8题）Nanjing is a city with many places of interest and ______ tourists visit it every year.（ ） A. thousands of B. thousand of C. thousands D. thousand 56. （2026年江苏省中职职教高考文化统考英语试题第10题）Li Hua is ______ about everything around him and keeps asking the guide questions.（ ） A. clear B. curious C. angry D. upset 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：【2027年新考纲】江苏省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练，在编写中融入支架式教学理念，紧扣江苏省职教高考英语真题考情，将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单，以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础，再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强，实操性好，为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径，高效赋能备考提分。 本专题是【2027年新考纲】江苏省（职教高考）《英语一轮讲练测》的第1个专题，内容为构词法。 【2027年新考纲】江苏省（职教高考） 《英语一轮讲练测》专项训练 专题1 构词法 目 录 01 系列考点夯实练 02 核心突破提升练 03 真题溯源过关练 一、系列考点夯实练 单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The factory will ______ the training room with soundproof walls before the skill contest.（ ） A. enlarge B. enable C. enclose D. encourage 【答案】C 【解析】en-/em-可表示“使处于某种状态”。enclose表示“围住、封闭”，soundproof walls说明要用隔音墙围合培训室；enlarge是扩大，enable是使能够，encourage是鼓励。 2. The nurse checked the medicine list again because the first copy was ______.（ ） A. complete B. incomplete C. completely D. completion 【答案】B 【解析】in-表示否定，incomplete意为“不完整的”。checked again说明第一份清单信息不全；complete与语境相反，completely为副词，completion为名词。 3. This ______ bag can keep vegetables fresh during the two-hour delivery.（ ） A. cold-chain B. chain-cold C. coldly-chain D. chained-cold 【答案】A 【解析】cold-chain作复合形容词，意为“冷链的”，修饰bag。合成修饰语通常用中心意义前置组合，其他选项词序或词性不自然。 4. The clerk asked the visitor to ______ the form because one address line was missing.（ ） A. rewrite B. preview C. misread D. postpone 【答案】A 【解析】re-表示“重新”，rewrite表示“重写”。one address line was missing说明表格需重新填写；preview是预览，misread是读错，postpone是推迟。 5. The ______ between the two machine models is shown in the chart on Page 6.（ ） A. different B. differently C. difference D. differ 【答案】C 【解析】定冠词The后、介词between前需要名词，different加-ce构成difference。different是形容词，differently是副词，differ是动词。 6. The driver was asked to stop working to avoid ______ after a long night shift.（ ） A. underuse B. overuse C. overwork D. rework 【答案】C 【解析】over-表示“过度”，overwork指“过度工作”。long night shift与stop working提示避免劳累；overuse偏指过度使用物品，underuse和rework不合语境。 7. The service robot moved ______ through the narrow restaurant aisle.（ ） A. smooth B. smoothly C. smoothness D. smoother 【答案】B 【解析】修饰动词moved需用副词，smooth加-ly构成smoothly。smooth为形容词，smoothness为名词，smoother为比较级。 8. The workshop needs a ______ cabinet for chemicals that must not be touched by students.（ ） A. lockable B. lock C. lockedly D. lockless 【答案】A 【解析】-able表示“能够……的”，lockable cabinet意为“可上锁的柜子”。chemicals must not be touched说明需要可上锁功能；lock是名词/动词，lockedly不规范，lockless含义相反。 9. The company hopes to ______ with a local college on a new training program.（ ） A. operation B. operator C. cooperate D. operative 【答案】C 【解析】co-表示“共同、一起”，cooperate with表示“与……合作”。with a local college提示固定搭配；operation、operator为名词，operative为形容词。 10. The old ticket office will be ______ into a smart information center next year.（ ） A. transported B. translated C. transformed D. transmitted 【答案】C 【解析】trans-表示“转变、转移”，transform into表示“转变成”。ticket office变为information center是功能转变；transport是运输，translate是翻译，transmit是传送。 单句语法填空 阅读下面各句，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 11. The new timetable is more ______(practice) for workers who leave the plant after 9 p.m. 【答案】practical 【解析】be动词后接形容词作表语，practice需变为practical，表示“实际可行的”。more提示形容词原级构成比较结构。 12. The volunteer gave a brief ______(introduce) before visitors entered the silk workshop. 【答案】introduction 【解析】a brief后接名词，introduce变为introduction，表示“介绍”。注意拼写中使用-tion名词后缀。 13. The label should be written ______(clear), or the package may be sent to the wrong shelf. 【答案】clearly 【解析】修饰written需用副词，clear加-ly构成clearly。or后的结果说明标签要写清楚。 14. The chair is light but ______(comfort), so it is suitable for the waiting area. 【答案】comfortable 【解析】but连接两个形容词，comfort需变为comfortable，表示“舒服的”。suitable for the waiting area提示语义为舒适而不是名词comfort。 15. The shop owner made a quick ______(arrive) check when fresh milk reached the back door. 【答案】arrival 【解析】名词作定语时需用arrival check，arrive变名词为arrival，表示“到货检查”。fresh milk reached the back door说明货物到达。 16. The school repaired the ______(break) fence before the sports meeting. 【答案】broken 【解析】修饰fence需用过去分词形容词broken，表示“损坏的”。break不能直接作定语，breaking通常表示正在发生或主动含义。 17. The online service was ______(available) for two hours because of a network problem. 【答案】unavailable 【解析】because of a network problem说明服务不可用，available前加un-构成unavailable。be后接形容词作表语。 18. The guide spoke ______(slow) so that elderly visitors could follow every step. 【答案】slowly 【解析】修饰spoke需用副词，slow加-ly构成slowly。so that从句说明说话方式要便于老人跟上。 19. The students used a ______(mini) recorder to collect street sounds for their project. 【答案】mini 【解析】mini可作前缀/形容词性成分，表示“小型的”，直接修饰recorder。此处不需要变为名词或副词。 20. The team leader checked the ______(accurate) of each number before sending the report. 【答案】accuracy 【解析】定冠词the后、介词of前需要名词，accurate变为accuracy，表示“准确性”。不能填形容词accurate。 二、核心突破提升练 短文语法填空（一） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 A furniture studio near the canal has changed the way it handles old wood. In the past, many boards were thrown away after repair jobs, but the owner believed they were still 21.______(use). She asked workers to sort them by size and keep a short 22.______(describe) of each piece. The notes helped designers choose materials more 23.______(quick). Last month, the studio made a set of benches for a community garden. Some pieces were 24.______(regular) in shape, so a young carpenter cut them carefully before joining them together. The final design looked simple but 25.______(nature). Visitors praised the benches for their 26.______(warm) color and smooth surface. The project also reduced waste. By the end of the season, the studio 27.______(reuse) nearly half of its old boards. A neighborhood group later invited the owner to give a short 28.______(present) about low-cost design. She said that 29.______(create) often begins with respect for ordinary materials, not with expensive tools. More shops are now 30.______(interest) in the same idea. 【答案】21. useful 22. description 23. quickly 24. irregular 25. natural 26. warm 27. had reused 28. presentation 29. creativity 30. interested 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一家家具工作室回收旧木板、制作社区花园长椅并推广低成本设计理念的做法。 【解析】21. 考查形容词后缀-ful。were后接形容词作表语，use变为useful，表示“有用的”。 22. 考查名词后缀-tion。a short后接名词，describe变为description，表示“描述”。 23. 考查副词后缀-ly。修饰choose materials这一动作，quick需变为quickly。 24. 考查否定前缀ir-。后文需先cut them carefully，说明形状不规则，regular前加ir-构成irregular。 25. 考查形容词后缀-al。looked后接形容词作表语，nature变为natural。 26. 考查形容词作定语。修饰color需用warm，表示“温暖的色调”；此处不是名词warmth。 27. 考查过去完成时。By the end of the season提示过去某时以前已完成，用had reused。 28. 考查名词后缀-ation。a short后接名词，present变为presentation，表示“展示、报告”。 29. 考查名词后缀-ity。句中作主语，create变为creativity，表示“创造力”。 30. 考查-ed形容词。be interested in表示“对……感兴趣”，主语shops代表商店经营者群体。 短文语法填空（二） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 A vocational school has built a small digital archive for local handcraft tools. Teachers found that many tool names were difficult for students because the words often had special 31.______(mean). For example, a hand saw and a sewing machine are both compound nouns, but their center words are different. The archive shows pictures and gives a 32.______(care) explanation of each name. Students can search the archive 33.______(direct) on classroom tablets. When they meet an 34.______(known) word, they first look for the root or the center word, then check whether a prefix changes its direction. This method has made vocabulary learning more 35.______(manage). One student said the word “repairman” became much 36.______(easy) after he noticed man as the center word. The archive is still growing. Since April, three classes 37.______(collect) over 300 tool cards. Some cards include notes on common 38.______(spell) changes, such as happy to happiness and decide to decision. The English teacher hopes the archive will improve students' 39.______(confident) when they read technical texts. She also reminds them that word formation is 40.______(help), but context is always necessary. 【答案】31. meanings 32. careful 33. directly 34. unknown 35. manageable 36. easier 37. have collected 38. spelling 39. confidence 40. helpful 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一所职业学校建立手工工具数字档案，帮助学生通过构词法理解工具名称和技术文本。 【解析】31. 考查名词复数。special后接名词，word names不止一个含义，mean变为meanings。 32. 考查形容词后缀-ful。修饰explanation需用形容词careful，表示“仔细的、详尽的”。 33. 考查副词后缀-ly。修饰search这一动作，direct需变为directly。 34. 考查否定前缀un-。meet a word且需查找词根，说明是不认识的词，known前加un-。 35. 考查形容词后缀-able。make + 宾语 + 形容词，manage变为manageable，表示“易管理的、可处理的”。 36. 考查形容词比较级。much修饰比较级，easy变为easier，表示理解变得容易得多。 37. 考查现在完成时。Since April提示从过去持续到现在，collect用have collected。 38. 考查名词/动名词作定语。spelling changes表示“拼写变化”，spell变为spelling。 39. 考查名词后缀-ence。students'后接名词，confident变为confidence，表示“信心”。 40. 考查形容词后缀-ful。is后接形容词作表语，help变为helpful。 短文语法填空（三） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。 A community clinic has introduced a new reminder system for elderly patients. The old paper cards were often 41.______(place), and some patients missed their check-ups. The new system sends a short message two days before each appointment and asks patients to confirm their 42.______(arrive) time. At first, a few patients felt the messages were 43.______(personal), because they came from a machine. The clinic then added the nurse's name at the end of each notice. This small change made the service feel 44.______(friendly). The head nurse also prepared a 45.______(print) guide for patients who did not use smart phones. After three months, missed appointments 46.______(decrease) by 30 percent. Doctors could plan their work more 47.______(effective), and patients spent less time waiting. The clinic will 48.______(large) the system next year so that it can cover home visits. Staff members believe that good 49.______(communicate) is not only about technology; it is also about clear words and 50.______(patient). 【答案】41. misplaced 42. arrival 43. impersonal 44. friendlier 45. printed 46. decreased 47. effectively 48. enlarge 49. communication 50. patience 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一家社区诊所改进预约提醒系统，减少老年患者漏诊并提升沟通效率的过程。 【解析】41. 考查前缀mis-和过去分词。paper cards与place之间为被动关系，且后文missed check-ups说明卡片被放错，用misplaced。 42. 考查名词后缀-al。confirm后接名词短语，arrive变为arrival，arrival time表示“到达时间”。 43. 考查否定前缀im-。because they came from a machine说明信息缺少人情味，personal前加im-构成impersonal。 44. 考查形容词比较级。made the service feel后接形容词，语境表示比原来更友好，friendly变为friendlier。 45. 考查过去分词作定语。guide与print之间为被动关系，printed guide表示“印刷版指南”。 46. 考查一般过去时。After three months叙述过去结果，decrease用过去式decreased。 47. 考查副词后缀-ly。修饰plan their work，effective变为effectively。 48. 考查动词前缀en-。will后接动词原形，large变为enlarge，表示“扩大”。 49. 考查名词后缀-ation。good后接名词，communicate变为communication，表示“沟通”。 50. 考查名词后缀-ence。介词about后接名词，patient变为patience，表示“耐心”。 三、真题溯源过关练 51. （2021年江苏省普通高校对口单招文化统考英语试题第9题）He gave no ______ for why he hadn't ______ at his brother's wedding ceremony.（ ） A. appreciation; turned out B. expectation; taken out C. explanation; turned up D. instruction; taken up 【答案】C 【解析】explanation由explain加-ation变为名词，作gave no的宾语；turn up表示“出现、露面”。appreciation、expectation、instruction均不能与why从句构成合适语义，taken out/taken up也不表示到场。 52. （2023年江苏省中职职教高考文化统考英语试题第2题）The manager spoke ______ of his performance in the work.（ ） A. high B. higher C. highly D. height 【答案】C 【解析】speak highly of是固定搭配，表示“高度评价”。high加-ly变为副词highly，修饰spoke；high多表具体高度，height为名词，higher为比较级。 53. （2024年江苏省中职职教高考文化统考英语试题第8题）We are all ______ about the future and believe our life will get better.（ ） A. anxious B. sad C. disappointed D. optimistic 【答案】D 【解析】believe our life will get better说明态度积极，optimistic about表示“对……乐观”。optimistic为带-ic后缀的形容词；其他三项均表示担忧或消极情绪。 54. （2024年江苏省中职职教高考文化统考英语试题第9题）I don't think that Tom's proposal will work ______.（ ） A. actively B. passively C. extremely D. practically 【答案】D 【解析】practically可表示“实际上、从实际角度看”，work practically在否定语境中表示方案实际不可行。该词由practical加-ly构成副词；actively、passively和extremely不符合proposal will work的语义。 55. （2025年江苏省中职职教高考文化统考英语试题第8题）Nanjing is a city with many places of interest and ______ tourists visit it every year.（ ） A. thousands of B. thousand of C. thousands D. thousand 【答案】A 【解析】thousands of表示“成千上万的”，thousand加-s再接of构成概数表达。若前有具体数字则用thousand不加-s，如three thousand；此处无具体数字，只能用thousands of。 56. （2026年江苏省中职职教高考文化统考英语试题第10题）Li Hua is ______ about everything around him and keeps asking the guide questions.（ ） A. clear B. curious C. angry D. upset 【答案】B 【解析】keeps asking the guide questions说明李华对周围事物有好奇心，be curious about表示“对……好奇”。curious是形容词，常与about搭配；clear、angry、upset均不能解释不断提问的原因。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $