专题十九 阅读：人与自然-【冲刺2027】2026年中考英语真题汇编

**基本信息** 聚焦“人与自然”主题，汇编多地中考真题，融合自然科学（如树木年轮、珊瑚礁保护）与环保热点（塑料回收、清洁能源），通过真实语境培养语言运用与跨学科思维。 **题型特征** |题型|题量|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|----|----------|----------| |完形填空|1小题|词汇辨析（如homes/fun）|以树桩生态为情境，考查基础词汇在语境中的运用| |阅读理解|8小题|细节理解、推理判断（如海洋探索、发芽蔬菜安全性）|选取“无人机送药”“蓝龙虾发现”等真实素材，设题兼顾信息提取与逻辑分析| |任务型阅读|3小题|信息匹配、简答（如动物防火作用、湿地保护）|结合“山羊食草防火”“河狸筑坝湿地”等科学案例，考查综合信息处理能力| |语法填空|1小题|时态、连词、代词（如appear/acting）|以秦岭地理意义为语篇，在语境中考查语法知识运用|

专题十九 阅读-人与自然 一．完形填空（共1小题） 1．（2026•泸州） 根据所给材料，完成下列各题。 Trees give us many treats：dry leaves to run through，fresh apples and sweet pears to eat，cool cover on hot days.They can be （1）　 　 for birds and insects，too.Even a stump（树桩） is not just a piece of wood!Some stumps make （2）　 　 places for kids.Other stumps are wonderful for little animals and insects.They can also tell you the （3）　 　 of a tree.When you look at the top，you will see light and dark rings.If they are thick，the tree grew （4）　 　 ；thin rings mean growth was slow.To （5）　 　 the age of the tree，count the pairs of light and dark rings.Thank you，trees，and tree stumps，too! （1） A.markets B.homes C.museums D.schools （2） A.strange B.far C.fun D.ancient （3） A.name B.place C.look D.secret （4） A.quickly B.quietly C.safely D.widely （5） A.change B.forget C.know D.hide 二．阅读理解（共8小题） 2．（2026•武汉） 根据所给材料，完成下列各题。 The ocean covers most of our planet，yet we know very little about it.Our ocean is as mysterious as it is beautiful.In fact，we have better maps of Mars than we do of the ocean floor.Why？Exploring（探索）the ocean is a really hard job.There's a lot of ocean—about 1.4 billion trillion litres（升）.That's 1，400，000，000，000，000，000，000! ▲.One of their most important goals is to learn about coral reefs（珊瑚礁），which are home to lots of sea plants and animals.Do you know that coral is an animal，not a plant？Tiny animals called polyps（珊瑚虫）build the hard part of the coral as a home to live in.They are called"architects"in the ocean. However，many coral reefs around the world are in danger.That's where a clever method called"coral gardening"comes in—giving reefs a second chance.Here's how it works in four steps： First，scientists collect small pieces of coral from coral reefs.Then they break them into even smaller ones—tiny pieces grow faster.After that，they place the pieces in lab﹣controlled or underwater nurseries（苗圃），where tiny pieces are taken good care of.Finally，once strong enough，they are planted onto rock or man﹣made reefs so that they can grow on their own. A typical example is the L﹣shaped Reef.Since 1982，scientists have placed old subway cars into the sea.These strange"homes"have created a huge man﹣made reef.Now，polyps and fish are moving in! To know more about the ocean，a volunteer，Paul Green started the Big Bag Project in 2025.It calls on beach visitors to help collect information on plastics and water temperature through a bag which is connected with an app.Next time you go to the beach，take a bag，pick up some rubbish，and have a closer connection with the ocean. （1）What does the number in paragraph 1 tell us about the ocean？　 　 A.How much salt there is. B.How cold the deep ocean is. C.How large the ocean is. D.How many sea plants there are. （2）Which of the following can be put in▲？　 　 A.Some sea animals are making a comeback B.The ocean is full of wonders to be discovered C.But many scientists are taking on this challenge D.So protecting the ocean is everyone's responsibility （3）What does the underlined word"architects"mean？　 　 A.People who build houses. B.Machines that carry things. C.Workers who collect coral. D.Animals that live in the sea. （4）In the picture CORAL GARDENING，what is the third step？　 　 A.Breaking. B.Nursing. C.Planting. D.Collecting. （5）What's the writer's main purpose in writing this passage？　 　 A.To introduce the Big Bag Project. B.To show the hidden beauty of the ocean. C.To teach us how to become an ocean biologist. D.To encourage more people to explore the ocean. 3．（2026•吉林） 根据所给材料，完成下列各题。 Vegetables in the kitchen are changing quietly.Look!Some of them are sprouting（发芽）.Are the vegetables with sprouts（芽） all bad？Is it time to throw them away？ Beans When beans meet water，they will"wake up"and grow.Their new sprouts are healthy and delicious. Onions Onions themselves will become soft and dry when they sprout.But they are still safe to eat. Potatoes Potatoes with sprouts are bad for your health.You'd better throw them away because they are poisonous（有毒的）. 根据以上内容，选择正确答案。 （1）　 　 are changing quietly in the kitchen. A.Vegetables B.Chopsticks C.Spoons D.Bowls （2）When beans meet 　 　 ，they will"wake up"and grow. A.salt B.wind C.water D.sand （3）When onions sprout，they are still 　 　 to eat. A.clean B.safe C.free D.cute （4）If 　 　 have sprouts，you'd better throw them away. A.beans B.tomatoes C.carrots D.potatoes （5）You can read the passage in a 　 　 book. A.travel B.health C.music D.history 4．（2026•新疆） 根据所给材料，完成下列各题。 Let's read something about the amazing nature. Topic Content Changes of plants The sunflower is a big yellow flower.Some people say the sunflower got its name because it often turns its head facing the sun when the sun moves. Six﹣legged friends Adult insects usually have three body parts，the head，the middle and the back.The head has eyes，a mouth and antennas （触须）.The middle has legs and wings，while the back covers the main body. Hibernating animals Some animals live through winter by falling into a deep sleep，such as bears，snakes and frogs.During sleep，their hearts beat slowly and their bodies need less energy than usual. Great Blue Whales Blue whales are the largest animals on the earth.They can weigh 150 tons and reach 100 feet long.They swim fast and turn quickly. 根据材料内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。 （1）What does the sunflower do when the sun moves？ 　 　 A.It folds its leaves. B.It changes its colors. C.It closes its flower. D.It turns its head. （2）Which part of an adult insect has legs and wings according to the passage？ 　 　 A.The head. B.The middle. C.The back. D.The antennas. （3）Which of the following don't hibernate in winter？　 　 A.Snakes. B.Bears. C.Blue whales. D.Frogs. （4）What can we learn about blue whales from the passage？ 　 　 A.They swim fast. B.They move slowly. C.They live in fresh water. D.They only cat small fish. （5）What is the main idea of the passage？ 　 　 A.To teach how to plant sunflowers. B.To describe the body parts of insects. C.To show how nature amazes us. D.To tell the story of blue whales. 5．（2026•陕西） 根据所给材料，完成下列各题。 This is a true story of a four﹣legged hero as well as animal friendship and care.Everything took place in Nairobi，Kenya﹣﹣a country in East Africa. When she was just a few weeks old，a small elephant sadly lost her mother to a poacher attack（盗猎袭击）.Luckily，the little elephant was found by a farmer and taken to an elephant orphanage* where she was named Natumi.There，at the David Sheldrick Wildlife Trust，Natumi was safe，but very scared and shy.Soon，however，new orphaned baby elephants began to arrive at the shelter.At first，Natumi hid behind her keepers' legs，but it soon became clear that the other baby elephants needed someone to depend on.They were very young and many of them had injuries （外伤；损伤） like sunburns and scratches.To everyone's surprise，shy little Natumi stepped up to the task.She began to act like a big sister to the seven other elephants，keeping them calm and playing with them in the surrounding bush（周边的荒野）.Guided by Natumi，the elephants had soon formed their own loving family.In the end，the next family of elephants was strong and healthy enough to return to the wild﹣﹣but the workers at the shelter would never forget a little elephant named Natumi who made it possible. *An orphan is an animal or human child whose parents are both dead.An orphanage is a place，also called shelter，where orphans live and are cared for. （1）Which is the correct order of the story about Natumi？ 　 　 ①helped form a loving family ②began to look after others ③lost her mother ④returned to the wild ⑤was taken to the shelter ⑥met her orphaned baby elephants A.③④②⑤⑥① B.②③⑥⑤④① C.②⑥③①⑤④ D.③⑤⑥②①④ （2）　 　 are in the next family. A.Natumi and her keepers B.Natumi and the seven other elephants C.The workers and the seven other elephants D.The workers and all the elephants （3）What does the underlined word "it" in the last sentence refer to？ 　 　 A.The baby elephants being safe at the shelter. B.The seven elephants playing with Natumi. C.The elephants in the story going back to the wild. D.The workers at the shelter remembering a little elephant. 6．（2026•福建） 根据所给材料，完成下列各题。 Fisherman Catches Blue Lobster A fisherman has caught an unusual lobster.It is totally blue!An expert said the chance of catching one was about one in two million.The lobster has gone to live in a local zoo.It is being well looked after there. Sending Medicine By Drone In November，drones flew medicine between two hospitals for the first time.The journey took only 2 minutes.It usually takes 30 minutes by road or 15 minutes by railway.The drone company wanted to use this technology to save people's lives. Money To Help Children Go To School The World Bank is spending about £120 million in improving primary schools in Punjab.Seven million children don't go to school there.The project will pay for better teaching and buildings，as well as helping more disabled children go to school. 100 Wonderful Animals This book is about some of the world's most wonderful animals.There are lots of valuable paintings and maps showing where each of the animals comes from.You can also learn many new words.In all，you are certain to find new favorites among these animals. （1）Why is the lobster unusual？　 　 A.It is very large. B.It is quite long. C.It is totally blue. D.It is really heavy. （2）How long did the journey by drone take？　 　 A.2 minutes. B.15 minutes. C.17 minutes. D.30 minutes. （3）Why is the money given to Punjab？　 　 A.To build more hospitals. B.To improve primhools. C.To train disabled workers. D.To help 120 million children. （4）Which text is about a book？　 　 A.Fisherman Catches Blue Lobster B.Sending Medicine By Drone C.Money To Help Children Go To School D.100 Wonderful Animals （5）Where are the four texts probably from？　 　 A.A postcard. B.A diary. C.A newspaper. D.A dictionary. 7．（2026•天津） 根据所给材料，完成下列各题。 Strawberries taste sweet and delicious.Not only that ，they are easy to grow，too. Things you will need •Good strawberry plants •Soil （土壤） •Water •A garden trowel（小铲子） Steps to plant strawberries 1 Choose a place in your garden that gets a lot of sunshine. 2 Make sure the soil is prepared well by watering （给……浇水）it. 3 Dig a hole for each plant 30 cm away from another，using a garden trowel. 4 Put each young strawberry plant into the hole. 5 Put the soil back into the hole. 6 Water the soil well. Top tip Always water the soil，not the plant!If the leaves，flowers or fruit get wet，it could cause the plant to go bad. Happy gardening（园艺） Plant strawberry plants from April to June. Harvest （收获） strawberries from June to August. （1）What is the first step to plant strawberries？ 　 　 A.To choose a place. B.To dig a hole. C.To find some soil. D.To get some water. （2）How far away should you dig a hole from another？ 　 　 A.10 cm. B.20cm. C.30cm. D.40 cm. （3）Which part should you water？ 　 　 A.The leaves. B.The soil. C.The flowers. D.The fruit. （4）When can you harvest strawberries？ 　 　 A.From March to May. B.From April to June. C.From May to July. D.From June to August. （5）In which book can you find the text？ 　 　 A.A storybook. B.A gardening book. C.A cookbook. D.A history book. 8．（2026•福建） 根据所给材料，完成下列各题。 Plastic production has been rising since the end of World War Ⅱ.Plastic has greatly influenced modern life.It is widely used in clothing，electronic goods，cars and healthcare.In fact，plastic is not a single material.A study shows that 16，000 different chemicals are used in making plastics.When plastic ends up in nature，it can take hundreds of years to break down.It pollutes soil and water. People have realized the plastic pollution problem.Thanks to modern recycling technology，we see products made from recycled plastic—from T-shirts to bags to building materials.This is the magic of turning waste plastic into valuable products. Scientists are developing more and more effective methods to recycle waste plastic.For example，researchers break down plastics into reusable chemicals by using heat，pressure and a kind of special water.Another technology creates a plastic mix to break down waste plastic into oil for new plastics.Scientists also use electric current（电流）to turn waste plastic into high quality graphene（石墨烯）.The graphene helps to develop new cancer treatments. Recycling reduces the need to produce new plastic from oil.Besides， it helps to control environmental pollution.However，recycling plastic is not always easy.Different types of waste plastics must be separated and well cleaned. China has been stressing the importance of recycling and has taken action to improve it.Many schools try to encourage students to recycle properly.For example，students may get an award，such as a small toy or a pencil，for putting empty bottles into smart recycling machines.Factories are encouraged to use recycled materials in their products.With each recycled bottle，China moves one step closer to a future where nothing is truly wasted —everything is just waiting for its next use. （1）What do we know about plastic from Paragraph 1？　 　 A.Plastic production started after World WarⅡ. B.Plastic is commonly used in modern life. C.There are many ways of producing plastic. D.Producing plastic takes a long time. （2）In which way can waste plastic be recycled？　 　 A.By mixing reusable chemicals into it. B.By inventing a plastic mix to break it down. C.By breaking down high quality graphene. D.By developing new cancer treatments. （3）What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 4 refer to？　 　 A.Oil. B.New plastic. C.The need. D.Recycling. （4）What does the last paragraph focus on？　 　 A.The importance of recycling. B.The awards for recycling. C.The efforts in recycling. D.The future of recycling. （5）Which would be the best title for the text？　 　 A.Plastic Production over Time B.Waste Plastic：Serious Pollution C.Effective Methods of Using Plastic D.Recycling：New Life of Waste Plastic 9．（2026•扬州） 根据所给材料，完成下列各题。 If you want to learn new stories about familiar plants and animals，and discover new species（物种） to plant in your own yard，Nature of Portland，is a must for you. Most of this book is about which plants and animals are natives in Portland（a city in Oregon，USA）.Many plants and animals in this book have long made their homes here. In this field guide，filled with local knowledge and humor，LeeAnn Kriegh describes more than 350 plants and animals found within an hour's ride of Portland.Inside you'll discover： ●Common and scientific names ●Key details like size，bloom（flowering） time，and months seen ●Local natural history，ecology，stories，and fun facts ●Details on where to find every species ●Beautiful full﹣color photos of every species Take Western Starflower from the book as an example. Western Starflower（Lysimachia latifolia） Flowers：Late spring to early summer Late spring is a magical time to explore trails in the Portland area，as birds are singing，and colorful blooms are coming out on wildflowers like this one. Western starflower's pinkish blooms stand out against the backdrop of the plant's big，broad，deep﹣green leaves （latifolia translates to "broad﹣leaved"）.A lot of flowers are in the shape of a star，but species like this one win the starflower name because of their thin flower stalks（茎）.They make the flowers seem to fly in the air like stars.ID tips：2﹣12 inches tall.Look for a whorl of four to seven broadly oval leaves （up to 3.5 inches long） with pointed tips.Up to a few star﹣shaped pink flowers （up to 0.75 inches wide） bloom on thin flower stalks，each with five to seven pointed petals（花瓣）. Locations：Locally common in shady，wet woods，including at Oxbow Regional Park and Powell Butte Nature Park. At the back of the book，you'll find 10"treasure hunts"in the Portland area.The species are waiting to be found.Reading about plants and animals is fun，but getting outside to experience and connect with nature is what Nature of Portland is all about. （1）What is Nature of Portland？ 　 　 A.A fun，friendly guide to local plants and animals. B.A photo collection of plants and animals in danger. C.A field guide to the city's places of interest. D.A book mainly about some famous local landscapes. （2）What does the underlined word"natives"in paragraph 2 mean？ 　 　 A.Animals or plants that live in the sea. B.Animals that kill and eat other animals. C.Animals or plants that live or grow naturally in a place. D.Unusual and exciting plants，especially from other countries. （3）In the table about Western Starflower，what can you get from the Flowers part？ 　 　 A.How tall the flower is. B.How many leaves the flower has. C.Why the flower gets its name. D.Which parks you can visit to see the flower. （4）What is the purpose of the text？ 　 　 A.To show how to write a book review. B.To tell readers what to expect from the book. C.To give advice on what to grow in your yard. D.To encourage readers to find new local plants. 三．短文还原（共1小题） 10．（2026•连云港） 根据所给材料，完成下列各题。 It is exciting to welcome a cat into your family，but it is also a huge duty.And you'll expect a lot of changes in your life.（1）　 　 Most of us will bring home a kitten（小猫），once they're around nine weeks old and stop drinking milk from their mum. （2）　 　 They are always running around，climbing curtains，and getting up to all kinds of tricks.Luckily，they also sleep a lot and can be cute. It is a good idea to get a grooming（梳毛） brush.Getting your kitten used to a little grooming time each day will make life easier in the long run. （3）　 　 In this way，it will be easier to put it into the basket if you have to take it out. If you are taking in an older cat，they will be calmer and need less care than a kitten.Still，they feel uncomfortable in the first few weeks after moving to a new house. （4）　 　 Make sure they have plenty of places to hide. Whatever the age of the cats，prepare two litter boxes for each cat in the home，and these should be in some private areas，where there is not a lot of foot traffic. （5）　 　 Cats don't like drinking water that is near their food.You also need to keep both bowls away from the litter box.Cats won't want to eat or drink if they can smell their litter. A.What can you buy for them？ B.At this age，they can be highly active. C.There are a number of things to be aware of. D.For these older cats，the key is to respect their space. E.They often fight bravely to help their mum hunt for food. F.Importantly，keep the food bowl away from the water bowl. G.Similarly，use a cat basket as a bed choice within the home. 四．任务型阅读（共3小题） 11．（2026•广东）配对阅读。左栏是对五种植物的介绍，右栏是花店的七张广告卡片，请为每种植物匹配合适的广告卡片。选项中有两项为多余选项。 （1）　 　 The Venus Flytrap is amazing.When an insect like a fly falls into it，it closes its leaves within half a second.Then it turns the insect into its food. （2）　 　 The Sensitive Plant is known for its interesting leaves.When you touch it，its leaves close up.In Chinese，it is called "Shy Grass." （3）　 　 The Air Plant is famous for its ability to grow without soil.It lives well in indoor environments. （4）　 　 Aloe Vera has thick leaves.The juice from its leaves can be used to treat burns that are not serious. （5）　 　 Sunflowers have big flowers.They like sunlight and require watering every day.Their bright yellow color makes them a good choice for gardens. A．You will not see flies in your house again if you take it home. B．The best place for it is the kitchen.You can use it for first aid if you get your hands burnt while cooking. C．Would you like an unusual plant？Take this plant.It doesn't need soil or bright sunlight. D．Love big flowers？This plant is the right choice for you.It will make your garden lively and pretty. E.This is Lucky Bamboo.It provides a sense of positive energy.Get it and you'll be lucky. F.Want a plant that can "communicate" with you？Try touching this plant and see how "shy" it will become. G.This plant can flower all year round.Its small purple flowers will surely bring life to your room. 12．（2026•扬州）（每题答案不超过10 个词） 根据所给材料，完成下列各题。 Can animals help manage the risks of wildfires？In some places，people are turning to animals for help.These animals may play a role in stopping the spread of wildfires. A fire needs three things to burn：fuel（燃料），heat，and oxygen from the air.Forest floors are covered in fire fuel.That includes dry grass，dead wood and leaves.They can catch fire easily.Heat can come from a burning match，lightning，or hot wood from a campfire. In the right conditions，a whole forest can catch fire from one burning leaf.And this happens quickly.If there is no fuel，then the fire can't spread.But there's a way to deal with fire fuel.Grazing（食草的） animals naturally clear out these plants.How？By doing what they do best：eating!Yes，hungry animals can help prevent wildfires. During the hot，dry summers in Portugal and Spain，wildfire often happens.It eats everything!Luckily，goats（山羊） also eat everything.Portugal's government turns to goats for help.The goats' job is to eat plants under trees that cover the hills.Some even climb trees to look for supper.In northern Spain，sheep are also joining in.Sheep and goats eat through dry grass.Without fuel，it's more difficult for a fire to spread. Fire also needs oxygen.Firefighters use water to put out fires and block their oxygen.Enter beavers（河狸）!When beavers build dams（坝），they flood the area around.Water covers grass.And the soil stays nice and wet.They create a wide area of wetlands.The wetlands can prevent wildfire in hot，dry areas. Because of climate change，many areas are experiencing hotter，drier seasons.Wildfires are growing in number and destructiveness.But we don't have to fight these fires alone.Animals can be heroes of protecting the environment.They just have to do what comes naturally. （1）Why are people in some places turning to animals for help？ 　 　 （2）What may happen to dry grass，dead wood and leaves？ 　 　 （3）How do sheep reduce the risk of the spread of wildfire？ 　 　 （4）How do wetlands help in hot，dry areas？ 　 　 （5）What's your understanding of the underlined sentence in the last paragraph？ 　 　 13．（2026•凉山州） 根据所给材料，完成下列各题。 The Qionghai Lake Wetland，located in Sichuan Province，is well﹣known in our country.It is one of the largest freshwater wetlands in China.The beautiful wetland is home to a large number of wild birds and plants.Here，you can not only see green waves under the blue sky but also enjoy the fresh smell of the water plants. Years ago，the wetland faced serious pollution.To save the beautiful wetland，the government and local people took action for it.They carried out projects about repairing the wetland，reducing water pollution and protecting natural shorelines.Protecting wetlands means protecting our own home.Thanks to great efforts，the water becomes clean and clear again.There are many fish in the lake.The wetland's water is rich in nutrients that help the fish to grow healthily. Now the Qionghai Lake Wetland is also called"the wonderland for wildlife".So far，more than 300 kinds of birds have been recorded here.Amazingly，several kinds of migratory birds even choose to stay all year round instead of flying away.Every winter，thousands of migratory birds fly long distances to Qionghai Lake.They travel from Siberia and northern China，arriving around November and staying until early spring.Many pretty birds make the wetland their warm winter home including wild geese，black storks and so on.The flying birds not only brighten the scenery，but also serve as a sign of healthy environment. Nature is our precious treasure.Every year，many tourists visit the Qionghai Lake Wetland including many birdwatchers and photographers from different places.Whether you love watching birds，taking photos，or just walking in quiet nature，the Qionghai Lake Wetland is truly a great place to spend a happy day with family or friends. Facts about it： *It's located in Sichuan Province. *It is one of China's largest freshwater wetlands. *It is（1）　 　 to many wild birds and plants. *The government and local people took action to （2）　 　 the wetland. Living things here： *Fish grow（3）　 　 because the water is rich in nutrients. *Many birds make this wetland their warm winter home（4）　 　 wild geese and black storks. The（5）　 　 for visiting it： *bird watching *taking photos *walking in quiet nature 五．选词填空（共1小题） 14．（2026•河南）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 year wide they build rush on because clean example produce China is trying its best to use clean natural energy （能源） to protect the environment.Although some clean energy technologies are still expensive，China continues to develop （1）　 　 to meet people's needs. For example，wind energy is （2）　 　 used.We can see tall wind turbines on grasslands，mountains and even on the sea.Wind energy is one of the （3）　 　 energy sources （来源）.People have found that wind power works better in open areas.Another （4）　 　 is solar energy.Solar panels （太阳能电池板） are placed on mountains，open lands and building rooftops.They take in sunlight and turn light energy into electric power.Solar energy works easily （5）　 　 sunny days.When the weather is fine，it can provide enough electricity for a whole house. Water energy is also used in many places.China has （6）　 　 many large dams （水坝） on big rivers.The water falls down from high places and （7）　 　 fast，driving the machines to make electricity.Water power is friendly to nature and dams can serve people for many （8）　 　 . Besides，tidal （潮汐的） energy is another way to make electricity.The sea has rising and falling tides every day.When the tides move，we use their force to （9）　 　 energy. All these forms of green energy will hardly run out （10）　 　 they come from nature.China keeps developing clean energy to build a greener future. 六．语法填空（共1小题） 15．（2026•） 根据所给材料，完成下列各题。 When we talk about the south and the north of China，the Qinling Mountains are always mentioned.When we read the map of China，the Qinling Mountains catch our eye （1）　 　 （easy）. The Qinling Mountains are very important for China's nature and culture.They are not the tallest（2）　 　 （mountain） in China，but they make a big difference between the south and the north. Research shows that the Qinling Mountains（3）　 　 （appear） hundreds of millions of years ago.Today，they are（4）　 　 （act） as a natural line between the north and the south.The mountains divide China into two parts.On the southern side，the weather is warm（5）　 　 wet；on the northern side，it is cold and dry.This（6）　 　 （create） two different climate zones（气候带）. The plants and food are different.For the people in the south，rice is（7）　 　 （they）favourite food；in the north，people love noodles made from wheat.Boats are more common in the south，while horses are used more often in the north.These differences can also be （8）　 　 （see） in seasonal changes.In autumn，for example，leaves on the northern side change colour and fall，while the southern side remains green（9）　 　 a longer time. The Qinling Mountains are far more than a line on the map.They greatly shape the climate，culture and（10）　 　 （people） way of life in China.Without them，China would lose much of its diversity（多样性）. 参考答案 一．完形填空 1．【答案】BCDAC 【解析】（1）句意：它们也能成为鸟类和昆虫的家。A.markets市场；B.homes家；C.museums博物馆；D.schools学校。结合语境"They can be...for birds and insects，too."（它们也能成为鸟类和昆虫的......）可知树木对鸟类和昆虫而言是栖息之所，"homes"符合逻辑。故选B。 （2）句意：有些树桩可以变成孩子们的玩乐场所。A.strange奇怪的；B.far远的；C.fun有趣的；D.ancient古老的。由"Some stumps make...places for kids"（有些树桩可以变成孩子们的......场所。）可知，树桩给孩子创造的是有趣的地方，"fun"符合语境。故选C。 （3）句意：它们还能告诉你树木的秘密。A.name名字；B.place地方；C.look样子；D.secret秘密。根据后文"When you look at the top，you will see light and dark rings."（当你看树桩的横截面时，会看到深浅相间的年轮。）可知，树桩能告知树的"秘密"（通过年轮看年龄），"secret"符合题意。故选D。 （4）句意：如果年轮很粗，说明树木长得很快；细的年轮则代表生长缓慢。A.quickly快速地；B.quietly安静地；C.safely安全地；D.widely广泛地。由"thin rings mean growth was slow"（细的年轮则代表生长缓慢）可知，厚年轮对应树生长得"快"，"quickly"与"slow"形成对比。故选A。 （5）句意：要想知道树木的年龄，数一数深浅年轮的对数就可以了。A.change改变；B.forget忘记；C.know知道；D.hide隐藏。结合"count the pairs of light and dark rings"（数一数深浅年轮的对数就可以了）的目的是"知晓"树的年龄，"know"符合语境。故选C。 二．阅读理解（共8小题） 2．【答案】CCABD 【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段There's a lot of ocean—about 1.4 billion trillion litres（升）.That's 1，400，000，000，000，000，000，000!（海洋的储水量非常惊人——大约有14亿万亿升。也就是1，400，000，000，000，000，000，000升！）可知，作者列举这个极其庞大的数字，是为了向读者直观地展示海洋的广阔与庞大。故选C。 （2）推理判断题。根据第一段Exploring（探索）the ocean is a really hard job.（探索海洋是一项非常艰巨的工作。）以及空处后句One of their most important goals is to learn about coral reefs（珊瑚礁），which are home to lots of sea plants and animals.（他们最重要的目标之一，就是了解珊瑚礁，因为那里是无数海洋动植物的家园。）可知，这里的"他们"指代的必然是人。选项C"但是许多科学家正在迎接这一挑战"既呼应了上文的"挑战/困难"，又引出了下文"科学家们（they）"的行动，符合语境。故选C。 （3）词义猜测题。根据第二段Tiny animals called polyps（珊瑚虫）build the hard part of the coral as a home to live in.They are called"architects"in the ocean.（被称为珊瑚虫的微小动物建造珊瑚坚硬的部分作为居住的家。它们被称为海洋中的"......"。）可知，"architects"是一个比喻义，指的是像人类建筑师一样"建造房屋"的角色。因此，选项A"建造房屋的人"最贴近该词的意义。故选A。 （4）细节理解题。根据第四段After that，they place the pieces in lab﹣controlled or underwater nurseries（苗圃），where tiny pieces are taken good care of.（"在那之后，他们会把这些碎片放入实验室控制的环境或水下苗圃中，在那里，这些小小的碎片会得到悉心的照料。）可知，第三步是在苗圃中进行培育。故选B。 （5）主旨大意题。根据最后一段Next time you go to the beach，take a bag，pick up some rubbish，and have a closer connection with the ocean.（下次你去海滩时，不妨带上这样一个袋子，捡拾一些垃圾，与海洋来一次更亲密的接触吧。）以及通读全文可知，文章第一段指出海洋神秘且探索困难；第二至四段介绍了科学家们为了探索和保护海洋（特别是珊瑚礁）所付出的努力和创新方法；最后一段介绍了普通人也可以通过"大袋子项目"参与到海洋保护和探索中来。整篇文章从科学家的专业探索延伸到普通人的实际行动，是为了呼吁和鼓励更多的人去了解、探索并保护海洋。故选D。 3．【答案】ACBDB 【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据首段第一句Vegetables in the kitchen are changing quietly.（厨房里的蔬菜正在悄悄发生变化）可知，蔬菜在厨房里悄悄地变化着，故选A。 （2）细节理解题。根据Beans板块中When beans meet water，they will "wake up" and grow.（豆子遇到水就会"醒来"并生长）可知，触发豆子发芽的条件是接触水，故选C。 （3）细节理解题。根据Onions板块中Onions themselves will become soft and dry when they sprout.But they are still safe to eat.（洋葱发芽后自身会变软变干，但食用仍然是安全的）可知，洋葱发芽后，仍然可以安全食用，故选B。 （4）细节理解题。根据Potatoes板块中Potatoes with sprouts are bad for your health.You'd better throw them away because they are poisonous.（发芽的土豆对健康有害，最好直接扔掉，因为它们有毒）可知，如果土豆有芽，你最好把它们扔掉，故选D。 （5）推理判断题。根据首段Vegetables in the kitchen are changing quietly.Look!Some of them are sprouting.Are the vegetables with sprouts all bad？Is it time to throw them away？（厨房里的蔬菜正在悄悄地变化。看其中一些正在发芽。有芽的蔬菜都坏了吗？是时候扔掉它们了吗？）及通读全文可知，全文围绕发芽蔬菜的食用安全性展开科普，和日常饮食健康知识相关，这类内容最可能出现在健康类书籍中，故选B。 4．【答案】DBCAC 【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据"Changes of plants"的内容"Some people say the sunflower got its name because it often turns its head facing the sun when the sun moves.（有人说向日葵得名是因为当太阳移动时，它常常转动花盘朝向太阳）"可知，太阳移动时向日葵会转动花盘。选项D（It turns its head.）符合原文描述。故选D。 （2）细节理解题。根据"Six﹣legged friends"的内容"The middle has legs and wings（中间部分有腿和翅膀）"可知，成年昆虫的腿和翅膀长在身体的中间部分。选项B（The middle.）符合原文描述。故选B。 （3）细节理解题。根据"Hibernating animals"的内容"Some animals live through winter by falling into a deep sleep，such as bears，snakes and frogs.（有些动物通过深度睡眠过冬，比如熊、蛇和青蛙）"可知，熊、蛇、青蛙都会冬眠，蓝鲸不属于冬眠动物。选项C（Blue whales）符合题意。故选C。 （4）细节理解题。根据"Great Blue Whales"的内容"They swim fast and turn quickly.（它们游得快，转弯也快）"可知，蓝鲸的游动速度很快。选项A（They swim fast.）符合原文描述。故选A。 （5）主旨大意题。根据文章开头"Let's read something about the amazing nature.（让我们读一些关于神奇大自然的内容）"，以及文中介绍的向日葵、昆虫、冬眠动物、蓝鲸的相关内容可知，文章的目的是展示大自然的奇妙之处。选项C（To show how nature amazes us.）符合主旨。故选C。 5．【答案】DBC 【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据原文故事发展：第二段" When she was just a few weeks old，a small elephant sadly lost her mother to a poacher attack"（当她几个周大的时候，母亲不幸遭到偷猎者猎杀，这头小象悲伤地失去了她的妈妈），可知③lost her mother（失去妈妈）是最先发生的。结合选项，排除B，C（它们都是②最先），再对比A，D选项的第二个排序，是④和⑤排序的先后不同。结合第二段后面的句子"Luckily，the little elephant was found by a farmer and taken to an elephant orphanage where she was named Natumi."（一位农夫发现了这头小象，并把它送往大象孤儿院，在那里它被取名为纳图米。），所以被送到救助站。第二段倒数第二句话"In the end，the next family of elephants was strong sod healthy enough to return to the wild"（最终，这一群大象身体强健、状态良好，得以重返野外。），这是序号④，是最后的情况。所以排除A。故选D。 （2）细节理解题。根据原文"She began to act like a big sister to the seven other elephants...Guided by Natumi，the elephants had soon formed their own loving family."（她像姐姐一样照顾另外七头小象，在Natumi的带领下，这些大象组成了属于它们充满爱的家庭）可知，新家庭的成员是Natumi和另外七头小象。故选B。 （3）代词指代题。根据原文"In the end，the next family of elephants was strong and healthy enough to return to the wild﹣﹣but the workers at the shelter would never forget a little elephant named Natumi who made it possible."（最后，这群大象足够强壮健康，可以重返野外，救助站的工作人员永远不会忘记是小象Natumi让这件事得以实现）可知，it指代大象们重返野外这件事。故选C。 6．【答案】CABDC 【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一框It is totally blue!（完全是蓝色的！）可知，龙虾不寻常是因为它完全是蓝色的。故选C。 （2）细节理解题。根据第二框The journey took only 2 minutes.（旅程只花了两分钟。）可知，无人机的旅程花了2分钟。故选A。 （3）细节理解题。根据第三框 The World Bank is spending about £120 million in improving primary schools in Punjab.（世界银行正在花费大约1 .2亿英镑来改善旁遮普的小学。）可知，钱给旁遮普是为了改善小学教育。故选B。 （4）细节理解题。根据最后一框 This book is about some of the world's most wonderful animals.（这本书是关于世界上一些最奇妙的动物的。）可知，一本书是关于100种奇妙的动物。故选D。 （5）推理判断题。通读全文可知，四篇都是简短的新闻类报道，涉及不同社会事件（奇闻、科技、援助、书评）故最可能出自报纸。故选C。 7．【答案】ACBDB 【解析】（1）细节理解题。原文 "Steps to plant strawberries" 第1条 "Choose a place in your garden that gets a lot of sunshine."（选择花园里阳光充足的地方。）种植草莓第一步是挑选一处光照充足的园圃。故选A。 （2）细节理解题。原文 "Steps" 第3条 "Dig a hole for each plant 30 cm away from another"（每株植物之间相距30厘米挖一个坑）每个植株穴之间要间隔30厘米。故选C。 （3）细节理解题。原文 "Top tip Always water the soil，not the plant!"（小贴士：浇水时要浇土壤，而不是浇植物！）只能浇灌土壤，不要淋湿叶子、花朵和果实，否则植株体容易腐烂。故选B。 （4）细节理解题。原文 "Harvest strawberries from June to August."（6月至8月采摘草莓。）草莓的收获期是6月到8月。4﹣6月是栽种时间。故选D。 （5）推理判断题。文章讲解植物种植方法，文末还有 "Happy gardening" （愉快的园艺时光）字样，内容对应园艺书籍。故选B。 8．【答案】BBDCD 【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段中"Plastic has greatly influenced modern life.It is widely used in clothing，electronic goods，cars and healthcare."（塑料对现代生活产生了深远影响，广泛应用于服装、电子产品、汽车和医疗保健等领域。）可知，塑料在现代生活中被广泛使用。故选B。 （2）细节理解题。根据第三段中"Another technology creates a plastic mix to break down waste plastic into oil for new plastics."（另一种技术可制造一种塑料混合物，将废弃塑料分解为油，用于生产新的塑料。）可知，通过制造一种塑料混合物来分解废塑料是回收废塑料的方式。故选B。 （3）代词指代题。根据第四段中"Recycling reduces the need to produce new plastic from oil.Besides，it helps to control environmental pollution."（回收利用可以减少从石油中生产新塑料的需求，同时也有助于控制环境污染。）可知，前文围绕"回收（Recycling）"展开，此处"it"指代回收。故选D。 （4）段落大意题。根据最后一段中"China has been stressing the importance of recycling and has taken action to improve it."（中国一直强调回收的重要性，并采取措施加以改善。）可知，该段聚焦中国在回收方面采取的行动（efforts）。故选C。 （5）标题归纳题。根据文章内容及其最后一段"China has been stressing the importance of recycling and has taken action to improve it.Many schools try to encourage students to recycle properly.For example，students may get an award，such as a small toy or a pencil，for putting empty bottles into smart recycling machines.Factories are encouraged to use recycled materials in their products.With each recycled bottle，China moves one step closer to a future where nothing is truly wasted —everything is just waiting for its next use."（中国一直强调回收的重要性，并采取措施加以改善。许多学校努力鼓励学生正确进行回收。例如，学生将空瓶子投入智能回收机后，可能会获得小玩具或铅笔等奖励。工厂也受到鼓励，使用再生材料生产产品。每回收一个瓶子，中国就离实现"真正无浪费"的未来又近了一步——一切都在等待下一次的使用。）可知文章围绕"回收让废塑料重获新生"展开，介绍回收技术、意义及实践举措，所以"Recycling：New Life of Waste Plastic"是最佳标题。故选D。 9．【答案】ACCB 【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第二段Most of this book is about which plants and animals are natives in Portland（a city in Oregon，USA）.（这本书的大部分内容是关于哪些植物和动物是波特兰（美国俄勒冈州的一个城市）本地的。）和第三段In this field guide，filled with local knowledge and humor，LeeAnn Kriegh describes more than 350 plants and animals found within an hour's ride of Portland.（在这本充满当地知识和幽默的野外指南中，莉安•克里格描述了在波特兰一小时车程内发现的350多种植物和动物。）可知，它是一本有趣、友好的当地动植物指南。故选A。 （2）词义猜测题。根据第二段Most of this book is about which plants and animals are natives in Portland（a city in Oregon，USA）.Many plants and animals in this book have long made their homes here.（这本书的大部分内容是关于哪些植物和动物是波特兰（美国俄勒冈州的一个城市） 的。这本书里的许多植物和动物早就在这里安家了。）可知，许多动植物长久在此安家，说明是本地原生物种，所以natives是"本地物种"意思，即在某地自然生长、栖息的动植物。故选C。 （3）细节理解题。根据表格中A lot of flowers are in the shape of a star，but species like this one win the starflower name because of their thin flower stalks（茎）.（许多花呈星形，但像这种花因其纤细的花柄而赢得了星形花的名称。）可知，可以知道这种花名字的由来。故选C。 （4）主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文整体介绍这本书：收录内容、五大板块、以西星花举例、书末寻宝活动，全程向读者介绍这本书里有什么。故选B。 三．短文还原 10．【答案】CBGDF 【解析】（1）细节推理题。根据前文"It is exciting to welcome a cat into your family，but it is also a huge duty.And you'll expect a lot of changes in your life."（欢迎猫咪加入家庭固然令人兴奋，但也是一项重大责任。你将会在生活中经历许多变化。）可知，迎接猫咪会带来生活变化，下文要展开讲需留意的事。结合选项，C选项"There are a number of things to be aware of."（有很多事情需要注意。）符合语境。故选C。 （2）细节推理题。根据后文"They are always running around，climbing curtains，and getting up to all kinds of tricks."（他们总是到处乱跑，爬窗帘，还想出各种花样来耍。）可知，此处描述小猫爱活跃的表现。结合选项，B选项"At this age，they can be highly active."（在这个年纪，它们非常活跃。）符合语境。故选B。 （3）细节推理题。根据后文"In this way，it will be easier to put it into the basket if you have to take it out."（这样，如果需要取出时，就更容易放进篮子里了。）可知，前文应提及和"basket"相关的内容。结合选项，G选项"Similarly，use a cat basket as a bed choice within the home."（同样，在家中用猫篮作为睡觉的选择。）符合语境。故选G。 （4）细节推理题。根据前文"If you are taking in an older cat，they will be calmer and need less care than a kitten.Still，they feel uncomfortable in the first few weeks after moving to a new house. "（如果你养的是年长的猫，它们比小猫更安静，需要的照顾也少。不过，刚搬到新家后的前几周，它们仍会感到不适。）可知，此处围绕成年猫适应新环境展开。结合选项，D选项"For these older cats，the key is to respect their space."（对于这些成年猫，关键是尊重它们的空间）契合"older cat"适应新环境需尊重空间的逻辑。故选D。 （5）细节推理题。根据后文"Cats don't like drinking water that is near their food."（猫不喜欢喝靠近食物的水。）可知，此处要讲食碗和水碗的摆放关系。结合选项，F选项"Importantly，keep the food bowl away from the water bowl."（重要的是，把食碗和水碗分开。）符合语境。故选F。 四．任务型阅读 11．【答案】AFCBD 【解析】（1）细节推理题。根据"The Venus Flytrap is amazing.When an insect like a fly falls into it，it closes its leaves within half a second.Then it turns the insect into its food."（捕蝇草十分神奇，当苍蝇等昆虫落入其中，它会在半秒内闭合叶片，将昆虫转化为养分。）可知，此处介绍捕蝇草可以捕捉苍蝇、蚊虫的特点。结合选项，A选项"You will not see flies in your house again if you take it home."（把它带回家，你的房子里就再也看不到苍蝇了。）精准匹配植物特性，符合语境。故选A。 （2）细节推理题。根据"The Sensitive Plant is known for its interesting leaves.When you touch it，its leaves close up.In Chinese，it is called "Shy Grass.""（含羞草因其奇特的叶片闻名，触碰叶片就会闭合，中文名为"害羞草"。）可知，此处核心是含羞草被触碰会"害羞闭合"的特点。结合选项，F选项"Want a plant that can "communicate" with you？Try touching this plant and see how "shy" it will become."（想要一株可以和你"互动"的植物吗？试着触碰它，看看它有多"害羞"。）贴合害羞草特点，符合语境。故选F。 （3）细节推理题。根据"The Air Plant is famous for its ability to grow without soil.It lives well in indoor environments."（空气凤梨以无土生长的特性闻名，非常适合室内养殖。）可知，此处重点介绍该植物无需土壤即可生长的特点。结合选项，C选项"Would you like an unusual plant？Take this plant.It doesn't need soil or bright sunlight."（想要一株特别的植物吗？选择这株，它无需土壤和充足光照。）贴合空气凤梨的特点，符合语境。故选C。 （4）细节推理题。根据"Aloe Vera has thick leaves.The juice from its leaves can be used to treat burns that are not serious."（芦荟叶片肥厚，叶片汁液可以处理轻微烫伤。）可知，此处介绍芦荟可用于缓解烫伤的实用功效。结合选项，B选项"The best place for it is the kitchen.You can use it for first aid if you get your hands burnt while cooking."（最适合放在厨房，做饭烫伤手部时可以用来急救。）贴合芦荟的实用功效，符合语境。故选B。 （5）细节推理题。根据"Sunflowers have big flowers.They like sunlight and require watering every day.Their bright yellow color makes them a good choice for gardens."（向日葵花盘硕大、喜阳光，明黄的花色非常适合装点花园。）可知，本段围绕向日葵花朵大、适合花园种植的特点展开。结合选项，D选项"Love big flowers？This plant is the right choice for you.It will make your garden lively and pretty."（喜欢大花朵吗？这株植物是绝佳选择，能让你的花园靓丽生动。）精准匹配向日葵特征，符合语境。故选D。 12．【答案】（1）To stop wildfires from spreading. （2）They can catch fire easily. （3）They eat up dry grass. （4）They keep the soil nice and wet. （5）Animals naturally help fight wildfires. 【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段These animals may play a role in stopping the spread of wildfires（这些动物可能在阻止野火蔓延方面发挥作用。）可知，是为了阻止野火蔓延。故填To stop wildfires from spreading. （2）细节理解题。根据第二段That includes dry grass，dead wood and leaves.They can catch fire easily.（这包括干草、枯木和树叶。它们很容易着火。）可知，它们很容易着火。故填They can catch fire easily. （3）细节理解题。根据第四段Sheep and goats eat through dry grass.Without fuel，it's more difficult for a fire to spread.（绵羊和山羊吃干草。没有燃料，火势就更难蔓延。）可知，它们吃光作为燃料的干草。故填They eat up dry grass. （4）细节理解题。根据第五段Water covers grass.And the soil stays nice and wet.They create a wide area of wetlands.（水盖草。土壤保持良好湿润。它们创造了大面积的湿地。）可知，湿地保持土壤良好湿润。故填They keep the soil nice and wet. （5）语义猜测题。根据最后一段But we don't have to fight these fires alone.Animals can be heroes of protecting the environment.They just have to do what comes naturally.（但是我们不需要独自应对这些火灾。动物可以成为保护环境的英雄。他们只需要做顺其自然的事情。）可知，是动物靠自身天生习性，就能帮忙抵御野火、保护环境，即动物天生就能帮忙抵御野火。故填Animals naturally help fight wildfires. 13．【答案】（1）home （2）save （3）healthily （4）including （5）reasons 【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中"The beautiful wetland is home to a large number of wild birds and plants."（这片美丽的湿地是众多野生鸟类和植物的家园。）可知，湿地是众多野鸟和植物的栖息地。"be home to"与"be home for"语义相近，故填home。 （2）细节理解题。根据第二段中"To save the beautiful wetland，the government and local people took action for it."（为了保护这片美丽的湿地，政府和当地居民采取了行动。）可知，政府和当地民众采取行动拯救湿地。"take action to do sth"后接动词原形，故填save。 （3）细节理解题。根据第二段中"The wetland's water is rich in nutrients that help the fish to grow healthily."（湿地的水富含营养，有助于鱼类健康生长。）可知，鱼因水质富含营养而健康地生长。此处需用副词修饰动词"grow"，"healthily"符合要求，故填healthily。 （4）细节理解题。根据第三段中"Many pretty birds make the wetland their warm winter home including wild geese，black storks and so on."（许多漂亮的鸟类将湿地作为它们温暖的冬季家园，包括大雁、黑鹳等。）可知，许多鸟把湿地当作暖冬家园，包括大雁、黑鹳等。"including"用于列举，故填including。 （5）细节理解题。根据最后一段中"Every year，many tourists visit the Qionghai Lake Wetland including many birdwatchers and photographers from different places.Whether you love watching birds，taking photos，or just walking in quiet nature，the Qionghai Lake Wetland is truly a great place to spend a happy day with family or friends."（每年，许多游客都会前来琼海湖湿地，其中包括来自各地的观鸟者和摄影爱好者。无论你喜欢观鸟、拍照，还是只是在宁静的大自然中漫步，琼海湖湿地都是与家人朋友共度愉快时光的理想之地。）可知，此处讲参观湿地的原因。"reasons"表示"原因"，故填reasons。 五．选词填空 14．【答案】（1）them （2）widely （3）cleanest （4）example （5）on （6）built （7）rushes （8）years （9）produce （10）because 【解析】（1）考查代词。句意：尽管一些清洁能源技术仍然昂贵，但中国继续开发它们以满足人们的需求。此处指代前文的"clean energy technologies（清洁能源技术）"，且在句中作宾语，应使用代词的宾格形式；they"它们"，人称代词主格，其宾格是them。故填them。 （2）考查副词。句意：例如，风能被广泛使用。此处修饰动词used做状语，应使用副词；wide"广泛的"，形容词，对应的副词是widely，意为"广泛地"。故填widely。 （3）考查形容词。句意：风能是最清洁的能源之一。one of the+最高级+名词复数" 是固定结构，表示"最……之一"。形容词clean表示"清洁的"，最高级形式cleanest，意为"最清洁的"。故填cleanest。 （4）考查名词。句意：另一个例子是太阳能。前文举了风能的例子，这里接着说"另一个例子"，且空格前有 "Another"，后接单数名词，example"例子"名词。故填example。 （5）考查介词。句意：太阳能在晴朗的日子里很容易工作。"on sunny days" 是固定搭配，表示"在晴朗的日子里"。故填on。 （6）考查动词时态。句意：中国在大江大河上建造了许多大坝。根据"has...many large dams"（……许多大坝）可知，has+动词的过去分词，构成现在完成时，表示"建造"。"build"意为"建造"，过去分词为built。故填built。 （7）考查动词时态。句意：水从高处落下，快速流动，驱动机器发电。根据"The water falls down from high places and..."（水从高处落下，……）可知，水从高处落下，快速流动，句子时态为一般现在时，主语"The water"是单数，谓语动词需使用第三人称单数；rush"急速奔流"，动词，第三人称单数为rushes。故填rushes。 （8）考查名词复数。句意：水能对自然友好，水坝可以为人民服务许多年。for+时间段，表示"一段时间"；"many" 后接可数名词复数，years"年"，名词，复数是years。故填years。 （9）考查动词。句意：当潮汐移动时，我们利用它们的力来产生能量。produce"产生"，动词，produce energy "产生能量"；use...to do sth.表示"用……来做某事"，to后接动词原形。故填produce。 （10）考查连词。句意：所有这些形式的绿色能源几乎不会耗尽，因为它们来自自然。because"因为"；后半句是解释前半句的原因，因此用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 六．语法填空 15．【答案】（1）easily （2）mountains （3）appeared （4）acting （5）and （6）creates （7）their （8）seen （9）for （10）people's 【解析】（1）考查副词。句意：当我们看中国地图时，很容易注意到秦岭。此处修饰动词短语catch our eye，需要用easy的副词形式easily。故填easily。 （2）考查名词复数。句意：它们不是中国最高的山脉。mountain是可数名词，此处表示一类山脉，要用复数形式mountains。故填mountains。 （3）考查动词过去式。句意：研究表明秦岭形成于数亿年前。根据时间状语hundreds of millions of years ago，句子要用一般过去时，appear的过去式是appeared。故填appeared。 （4）考查动词现在分词。句意：如今它们正充当南北之间的天然分界线。根据句首Today和空前的are，此处是现在进行时，act的现在分词是acting。故填acting。 （5）考查连词。句意：南侧气候温暖湿润。warm和wet是并列的两个描述气候的形容词，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 （6）考查动词第三人称单数。句意：这就形成了两个不同的气候带。此处描述客观事实，主语This是单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式creates。故填creates。 （7）考查形容词性物主代词。句意：对南方人来说，米饭是他们最爱的食物。此处修饰名词favourite food，需要用they的形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 （8）考查动词过去分词。句意：这些差异在季节变化中也能被看到。句子主语These differences和动词see是被动关系，空前有can also be，此处要用see的过去分词seen。故填seen。 （9）考查介词。句意：而南侧的植被在更长一段时间里都保持翠绿。for a longer time是固定搭配，表示"持续一段时长"。故填for。 （10）考查名词所有格。句意：它们极大地影响了中国的气候、文化和人们的生活方式。此处修饰名词way of life，表示"人们的"，要用people的所有格形式people's。故填people's。 第1页（共1页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $