Unit 1 Friendship（知识清单）英语新教材译林版八年级上册

该初中英语Unit 1 Friendship知识清单系统整合了主题词汇、核心短语、实用句型、语法规则及写作指导，涵盖人物品质、动作情绪等分类词汇，动词短语、名词搭配等功能短语，以及比较级最高级等语法要点，搭建了从基础积累到综合运用的递进式学习支架。 清单以主题场景分类呈现知识体系，如“人物品质类词汇”标注honest等核心词并配例句，语法部分详解比较级最高级规则变化与特殊句型（如one of...），易错点设“ed/ing形容词辨析”口诀及对点训练，写作清单提供三段式框架与范文。通过分类记忆、实例应用培养语言能力与思维品质，助力学生自主梳理知识，教师可据此设计分层教学活动，提升课堂效率。

Unit 1 Friendship 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、人物品质类： 1. honest（诚实的；正直的） She is an honest girl and never tells lies.（她是一个诚实的女孩，从不说谎。） 2. cheerful（快乐的；开朗的） The cheerful girl always brings happiness to us.（这个开朗的女孩总能给我们带来快乐。） 3. humorous（幽默的；滑稽的） My deskmate is humorous and often tells funny jokes.（我的同桌很幽默，经常讲有趣的笑话。） 4. caring（体贴的；关心他人的） The caring teacher always helps students in trouble.（这位体贴的老师总是帮助有困难的学生。） 5. brave（勇敢的） We should be brave to face difficulties in life.（我们应该勇敢面对生活中的困难。） 6. patient（有耐心的） My best friend is patient enough to listen to my worries.（我最好的朋友足够有耐心，总能倾听我的烦恼。） 7. trustworthy（值得信赖的） A trustworthy friend can keep secrets for you.（值得信赖的朋友会为你保守秘密。） 8. thoughtful（体贴的；考虑周到的） It is thoughtful of you to prepare the gift for me.（你为我准备礼物，真的太贴心了。） 二、动作与情绪类 1. laugh（笑；发笑） His jokes always make all of us laugh.（他的笑话总是把我们所有人都逗笑。） 2. lie（撒谎） Good friends should never lie to each other.（好朋友永远不应该对彼此说谎。） 3. encourage（鼓励；激励） My teacher often encourages me to speak English loudly.（我的老师经常鼓励我大声说英语。） 4. believe（相信；信任） You can believe what he says, because he never lies.（你可以相信他说的话，因为他从不说谎。） 5. face（面对；面临） We need to face problems instead of running away.（我们需要直面问题，而不是逃避。） 6. bored（烦闷的；厌倦的） I never feel bored when I stay with my best friend.（和最好的朋友待在一起时，我从不觉得无聊。） 7. energetic（精力充沛的） The energetic boy never feels tired after a long walk.（这个精力充沛的男孩走了很久的路也不觉得累。） 三、核心品质类 1. friendship（友谊） True friendship will last for a long time.（真正的友谊会延续很久。） 2. secret（秘密；秘诀） I can tell you my secret, but you must keep it.（我可以告诉你我的秘密，但你必须保密。） 3. sense（感觉；感知力） He has a good sense of direction and never gets lost.（他方向感很好，从来不会迷路。） 4. height（高度；身高） The height of the tree is about 10 metres.（这棵树的高度大约是10米。） 5. danger（危险） Many wild animals are in danger now.（现在很多野生动物都处于危险中。） 6. quality（品质；质量） Honesty is one of the most important qualities of a good friend.（诚实是好朋友最重要的品质之一。） 短 语 短 语 一、动词核心短语 1. keep secrets / keep a secret（保守秘密） Good friends should keep secrets for each other.（好朋友应该互相保守秘密。） 2. get along with sb.（与某人和睦相处） It is easy to get along with the cheerful girl.（这个开朗的女孩很好相处。） 3. face difficulties / problems（面对困难/问题） We should learn to face difficulties bravely.（我们应该勇敢面对生活中的困难。） 4. cheer sb. up（使某人振作起来） I always buy candies to cheer my sister up when she is sad.（妹妹难过时，我会买糖果哄她开心。） 5. share sth. with sb.（和某人分享某物） I like sharing my favourite snacks with my best friend.（我喜欢和我最好的朋友分享零食。） 6. say a bad word about sb.（说某人坏话） The kind girl never says a bad word about others.（善良的女孩从不会说别人的坏话。） 7. encourage sb. to do sth.（鼓励某人做某事） The teacher often encourages us to speak in class.（老师经常鼓励我们课堂大胆发言。） 8. feel like doing sth.（想要做某事） Whenever you feel like giving up, think about your dream.（每当想放弃时，想想自己的梦想。） 9. spend time doing sth.（花费时间做某事） Tom spent weeks creating a robot.（汤姆花了几周制作太阳能机器人。） 10. remember to do sth.（记得去做某事） Remember to nod from time to time when talking.（交谈时记得时不时点头。） 二、名词固定搭配短语 1. sense of humour（幽默感） People with a sense of humour are always popular.（有幽默感的人总是很受欢迎。） 2. a little bit（一点儿；稍微） The hat makes him look a little bit funny.（这顶帽子让他看起来有点滑稽。） 3. the secret to…（……的秘诀） Trust is the secret to a long friendship.（长久友谊的秘诀是信任。） 三、介词/形容词搭配短语 1. be honest with sb.（对某人坦诚） You should be honest with your friends all the time.（你应该一直对朋友坦诚。） 2. be bored with sth.（对某事感到厌倦） I get bored with doing the same homework every day.（我每天做一样的作业，感到厌烦。） 3. in danger（处于危险中） The fireman saved the boy who was in danger.（消防员救下了身处险境的小男孩。） 4. face to face（面对面） We talked about the problem face to face.（我们面对面讨论了这个难题。） 5. lose face（丢脸） He doesn’t want to lose face in front of the whole class.（他不想在全班同学面前丢脸。） 6. in times of danger（在危险时刻） A true friend never leaves you in times of danger.（真正的朋友不会在危难时抛下你。） 7. be interested in（对……感兴趣） I am interested in his sharing in class.（听课时，我对他的分享很感兴趣。） 实 用 交 际 句 型 实 用 交 际 句 型 一、谈论朋友品质句型 1. What qualities make a good friend? 什么样的品质才算好朋友？ 2. Good friends should be honest and helpful. 好朋友应该诚实、乐于助人。 3. A good friend has a good sense of humour. 好朋友很有幽默感。 4. She is trustworthy and can keep secrets for you. 她值得信赖，能为你保守秘密。 5. He is cheerful and always cheers me up when I feel down. 他性格开朗，我低落时总能哄我开心。 二、介绍好友外貌句型 1. Max is the tallest boy in our class. 马克斯是我们班最高的男生。 2. Betty has big bright eyes and long hair. 贝蒂有着明亮的大眼睛和长发。 3. Her hair is longer than mine. 她的头发比我的长。 三、两者/三者比较句型 1. Max is more humorous than other boys. 马克斯比其他男生更幽默。 2. Betty is one of the most helpful students in our grade. 贝蒂是我们年级最乐于助人的学生之一。 3. The more you share with friends, the closer you will get. 你和朋友分享得越多，你们关系越亲密。 四、表达观点与认同句型 1. I agree with you. 我同意你的看法。 2. To be honest, I like quiet friends better. 说实话，我更喜欢安静的朋友。 3. In my opinion, trust is the key to friendship. 在我看来，信任是友谊的关键。 五、描述相处日常句型 1. He always encourages me to keep trying. 他总是鼓励我坚持下去。 2. We often share our stories and feelings with each other. 我们经常互相分享故事与心事。 3. A true friend never leaves you in times of danger. 真正的朋友不会在危难时抛下你。 4. I can tell her all my worries because she never tells others. 我可以把烦恼都告诉她，她不会外传。 六、作文开头、结尾万能句型 开头 1. My best friend is Max. He is one of the special people in my life. 我最好的朋友是马克斯，他是我生命里很特别的人。 2. I met my best friend three years ago, and we get along well all the time. 我三年前认识了我最好的朋友，我们一直相处融洽。 结尾 1. I feel lucky to have such a good friend. 拥有这样一位好朋友，我感到很幸运。 2. I hope our friendship will last forever. 我希望我们的友谊长存。 3. Friendship makes our life much richer. 友谊让我们的生活更加丰富多彩。 语 法 形容词比较级 & 最高级（人物外貌/品质描写核心） （1）两者对比（描述两人差异） 结构：主语 + be + 比较级 + than + 对比对象 例句：My friend is more patient than me. 翻译：我的朋友比我更有耐心。 写作作用：对比自己和好友的性格、身高，丰富内容。 （2）三者及以上最高级（突出好友优点） 结构：主语 + be + the + 最高级 + in/of... 例句：Betty is the most helpful girl in our class. 翻译：贝蒂是我们班最乐于助人的女孩。 （3）高分特殊句型 ① one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数（写作万能句） 例句：He is one of my closest friends. 翻译：他是我最亲密的朋友之一。 ② The + 比较级，the + 比较级（升华友谊主题） 例句：The more we share, the closer we become. 翻译：我们分享得越多，关系就越亲密。 写 作 （一）标准三段式写作框架 第一段：开篇引入（介绍人物+初识背景） 写作要点：姓名、初次相识时间地点、总体印象 万能开头：My best friend is ... I met him/her at ... two years ago. He/She is one of the kindest people I know. 第二段：主体核心（外貌+性格+具体事例，得分关键） 1. 外貌描写：身高、发型、五官（使用比较级） 例：She has big bright eyes and her hair is longer than mine. 2. 性格品质（搭配课文形容词：honest/humorous/trustworthy） 3. 真实小事（必须举1个事例，体现品质） 模板：When I felt down last month, she cheered me up and kept my secrets. 第三段：结尾升华（表达对友谊的看法、美好祝愿） 万能结尾：I hope our friendship will last forever. True friendship makes our life much richer. （二）写作得分技巧 1. 词汇升级：普通happy → cheerful；good friend → trustworthy friend 2. 句式升级：多用最高级、one of句型、the more…the more句型，避免简单句堆砌 3. 逻辑词加分：Besides（此外）、What’s more（而且）、Finally（最后） 4. 避坑点： - 最高级漏the：❌ She is kindest → ✅ She is the kindest - 比较级搭配错误：❌ more tall → ✅ taller - bored/boring混用：人用bored，事物用boring 一、知识点精讲 1. encourage v. 鼓励；激励 【变形】encourages(三单) encouraged(过去式/分词) encouraging(现在分词) 【句型】 ① encourage sb to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 Our teacher often encourages us to speak English in class. 我们老师经常鼓励我们在课堂上说英语。 ② encourage sb in sth. 在某方面鼓励、支持某人 My parents encourage me in my painting hobby. 我的父母支持我画画这个爱好。 【拓展】encouragement n. 鼓励 2. honest adj. 诚实的；正直的 【变形】more honest(比较级) most honest(最高级) 【句型】 ① be honest with sb. 对某人坦诚 You should be honest with your best friend. 你应该对你最好的朋友坦诚相待。 ② To be honest, 说实话（插入语） To be honest, I don’t like noisy people. 说实话，我不喜欢吵闹的人。 【拓展】honesty n.诚实；dishonest adj.不诚实的 3. secret n. 秘密；秘诀 adj. 秘密的 【变形】secrets(复数) 【句型】 ① keep a secret / keep secrets 保守秘密 Good friends can keep secrets for each other. 好朋友会互相保守秘密。 ② the secret to sth ……的秘诀 Trust is the secret to long friendship. 信任是长久友谊的秘诀。 ③ in secret 秘密地 They prepared the birthday gift in secret. 他们偷偷准备了生日礼物。 4. humour n. 幽默（humorous adj.幽默的） 【句型】 ① have a good sense of humour 很有幽默感 Max has a good sense of humour and always tells jokes. 马克斯很有幽默感，总讲笑话。 【拓展】humorous adj.幽默的；more humorous更幽默的 5. face v. 面对；面临 n. 脸 【变形】faces(三单) faced(过去式/分词) facing(现在分词) 【句型】 ① face difficulties / problems 面对困难/问题 We should be brave enough to face difficulties. 我们应该足够勇敢去面对困难。 ② face to face 面对面 We talked about our trouble face to face yesterday. 昨天我们面对面聊了我们的烦恼。 ③ lose face 丢脸 He doesn’t want to lose face in front of classmates. 他不想在同学们面前丢脸。 二、核心语法精讲 语法主题：形容词比较级与最高级 1. 三种基本形式说明 形容词分为原级、比较级、最高级。 - 比较级：用于两者对比，意为“更……”，常搭配than； - 最高级：用于三者及以上范围，意为“最……”，前面一般加the，搭配in/of/among说明范围。 2. 比较级、最高级变化规则 （1）规则变化 ① 一般单音节词直接加-er / -est eg：tall → taller（更高）→ tallest（最高） 例：He is taller than me. 他比我高。 ② 以不发音字母e结尾，加-r / -st eg：nice → nicer → nicest 例：This book is nicer than that one. 这本书比那本好看。 ③ 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅结尾），双写末尾辅音再加-er/-est eg：big → bigger → biggest 例：The box is bigger than yours. 这个盒子比你的大。 ④ 辅音字母 + y结尾，变y为i，再加-er/-est eg：funny → funnier → funniest 例：Max is funnier than other boys. 马克斯比别的男生有趣。 ⑤ 多音节词/部分双音节词，前面加more（比较级）/most（最高级） humorous → more humorous → most humorous 例：She is the most humorous girl in our class. 她是班里最幽默的女生。 （2）不规则变化（无规则，必须背诵） good/well → better → best bad/badly → worse → worst many/much → more → most 例：This idea is better than yours. 这个主意比你的好。 3. 核心基础句型 （1）比较级基础句型：A + be + 比较级 + than + B 含义：A比B更…… 例句：My hair is longer than hers. 我的头发比她的长。 补充：much / a little / even 可修饰比较级表程度 例句：He is much taller than me. 他比我高很多。 （2）最高级基础句型：A + be + the + 最高级 + 范围(in/of/among) 含义：A在某范围内是最……的 例句：Betty is the kindest student in our grade. 贝蒂是我们年级最善良的学生。 4. 单元两大特殊高分句型 句型① one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 含义：最……之一 【用法要点】 1. 最高级前必须加the； 2. 后面名词用复数； 3. 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例句：Max is one of the tallest boys in our class. 马克斯是我们班最高的男生之一。 句型② The + 比较级，the + 比较级 含义：越……，就越…… 【用法要点】前后都用比较级，前半句表条件，后半句表结果。 例句：The more you share with friends, the closer you will be. 你和朋友分享越多，你们就越亲密。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作话题为介绍最好的朋友，属于人物描写类记叙文。 写作核心要求：围绕友谊主题，运用形容词原级、比较级、最高级描写好友外貌、性格品质，结合具体小事体现人物特点，表达对友谊的理解。 考察语法：形容词比较级、最高级、encourage sb to do、keep secrets等单元重点短语； 考察情感：突出真诚、信任、陪伴等友谊内涵。 2. 写作框架（三段式标准结构） 第一段：开篇引入（总起） 内容：点明好友姓名、初识时间，总体概括人物最大特点。 万能句：My best friend is… We met … He/She is one of the most wonderful people I know. 第二段：主体描写（核心得分段） 分层1：外貌描写（身高、发型，使用比较级） 分层2：性格品质（honest/humorous/brave/trustworthy等单元形容词） 分层3：具体事例（一件小事，体现性格，搭配单元短语） 第三段：结尾升华（抒情收尾） 内容：写和朋友相处的感受，表达珍惜友谊、对友谊的期许。 万能句：I feel lucky to have such a friend. I hope our friendship will last forever. 3. 写作素材 （1）外貌词汇 tall 高的；short 矮的；long hair 长发；big eyes 大眼睛 比较级：taller 更高；longer 更长 例句：Her hair is longer than mine. （2）性格品质词汇（单元核心） honest 诚实的；humorous 幽默的；brave 勇敢的；helpful 乐于助人的；trustworthy 值得信赖的；cheerful 开朗的 （3）高频写作短语 have a good sense of humour 有幽默感 keep secrets 保守秘密 cheer sb up 使某人开心 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 face difficulties 面对困难 get along well with sb 和某人相处融洽 （4）加分句型 1. one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 ……之一 2. The + 比较级, the + 比较级 越……越…… 3. To be honest, … 说实话，…… 4. 范文背诵 My best friend My best friend is Betty. We met three years ago at primary school. She is one of the most trustworthy girls in my class. Betty is taller than me and she has big bright eyes. She has a good sense of humour, so I never feel bored when I stay with her. What’s more, she is honest and always keeps my secrets. When I failed my English test last month, I felt really down. She cheered me up and encouraged me to keep practising every day. She told me we should be brave to face all difficulties together. I feel so lucky to have such a good friend. The more we share our feelings, the closer we become. I hope our friendship will last forever. 易错点1：ed形容词与ing形容词辨析（bored / boring） 【错因辨析】 1. 混淆修饰对象：`-ed`主语是人，表达“人感到……”；`-ing`主语是事物，表达“某物令人……”。 2. 中式翻译误区：看到“无聊的”统一用boring，忽略主语是人时要用bored。 【一句话辨异】 人感到无聊用bored，事物让人无聊用boring。 【助记口诀】 人ed物ing，感觉与事物分清。 【对点训练】 用bored/boring填空 1. The film is so ________ that all of us feel ________. 2. He got ________ with the ________ speech. 3. To stay at home alone is ________, so I never feel ________ when I hang out with friends. 易错点2：one of 句型两大陷阱 【错因辨析】 1. 漏定冠词the：最高级前面必须加the； 2. 后面名词误用单数：one of 后接可数名词复数； 3. 主谓一致错误：one of...作主语，谓语动词用单数。 【一句话辨异】 one of + the 最高级 + 名词复数，谓语单数要牢记。 【助记口诀】 one of 三要素，the、复数、单谓语。 【对点训练】 单项选择 1. She is one of ________ helpful students in our grade. A. most B. the most C. more 【答案】B 【解析】one of 后接“the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”，helpful是多音节形容词，最高级为most helpful，最高级前必须加the。 2. One of my best friends ________ humorous and kind. A. is B. are C. be 【答案】A 【解析】one of + 复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数，本句主语One of my best friends为单数，be动词选用is。 3. This is one of the tallest ________ in our school. A. boy B. boys C. a boy 【答案】B 【解析】固定结构one of the + 形容词最高级后必须搭配可数名词复数，boy的复数形式是boys。 易错点3：形容词比较级修饰词much / more混用 【错因辨析】 1. 误区1：用more修饰比较级，如more taller（错误）；more本身是比较级标记，不能再加在比较级前。 2. 误区2：分不清much用法，much可放在比较级前加强程度，表示“……得多”。 3. 误区3：多音节形容词变形混乱，误写成beautifuler。 【一句话辨异】 比较级前不用more修饰，much用来加深程度；多音节形容词只在前加more。 【助记口诀】 比较身上不带more，much站前来加码；多音节词单独变，只在前面加more。 【对点训练】单项选择 1. My deskmate is ________ thinner than before. A. more B. much C. very 【答案】B 【解析】thinner本身是比较级，不能再用more修饰；much可放在比较级前加强程度，表示“……得多”，very不能修饰比较级。 2. This story is ________ interesting than that one. A. much more B. much C. more much 【答案】A 【解析】interesting是多音节形容词，比较级为more interesting；much可以修饰比较级放在前面，正确语序为much more interesting。 3. He runs ________ faster than me. A. more B. much C. very 【答案】B 【解析】faster是比较级，more不能修饰比较级；much用于修饰比较级，表程度“快得多”，very只修饰形容词、副词原级。 一、根据汉语提示写出单词 1. Don’t always complain about your ______(学校作业). It’s your duty to finish it after school. 【答案】schoolwork 【解析】schoolwork是不可数名词，意为学校作业，此处作介词about的宾语，直接用原形。 2. Everyone in my class likes the ______(幽默的) boy called Jimmy and we all feel happy when listening to his jokes. 【答案】humorous 【解析】空格修饰名词boy，需要形容词作定语，humorous表示幽默的，符合语境。 3. Stop ______(相信) Millie’s excuse. She just woke up late and didn’t catch the school bus. 【答案】believing 【解析】固定搭配stop doing sth. 停止做某事，believe变动名词believing。 4. I have never lost my way, because I have a very good ______(感觉) of direction. 【答案】sense 【解析】固定短语a good sense of direction 方向感，sense为名词，表感知力。 5. After Mr Wang explained the Maths problem patiently to us, we finally u______ how to solve such problems. 【答案】understood 【解析】explained为一般过去时，句子整体时态为过去式，understand过去式understood。 6. Look! The lovely children are taking an a______ part in the swimming competition! 【答案】active 【解析】固定短语take an active part in 积极参加，active形容词修饰名词part。 7. Doing lots of listening practice is one of the ______(秘诀) of becoming a good English learner. 【答案】secrets 【解析】one of 后接可数名词复数，secret复数形式secrets。 8. Please put away those ______(青少年) schoolbags. They are going to school soon. 【答案】teenagers’ 【解析】后面schoolbags为复数，此处表示青少年们的书包，用复数名词所有格teenagers’。 9. How I wish to have a ______(幽默的) teacher! 【答案】humorous 【解析】修饰名词teacher用形容词humorous，幽默的。 10. Let me be brave to tell us the ______(事实), and we’ll try to help solve the problem. 【答案】truth 【解析】定冠词the后接名词，tell the truth 说实话，truth名词事实。 11. Her ______(体贴人的) actions made a big difference to the lives of those she helped. 【答案】thoughtful 【解析】修饰名词actions用形容词thoughtful，意为体贴的、考虑周到的。 12. Nobody would like to trust Simon because he often ______(撒谎) to others when he makes mistakes. 【答案】lies 【解析】often是一般现在时标志，主语he是三单，lie“撒谎”三单形式lies。 13. I don’t think he is an ______(诚实的) boy. 【答案】honest 【解析】an后接元音音素开头形容词，honest诚实的，修饰boy。 14. The ______(人) who left the bag on the bus or on the underground should contact the lost-and-found department. 【答案】person 【解析】定冠词the后接单数名词person，在句中作主语。 15. After watching the wonderful film, we shared our different ______(想法) about it while having dinner together. 【答案】ideas 【解析】different后接可数名词复数，idea复数ideas。 16. My sister is always very c______ at home, which makes everyone feel happy and warm. 【答案】cheerful 【解析】be动词后用形容词作表语，cheerful开朗快乐的，贴合后文开心温暖的语境。 17. The boy was sad because his ______(高度) made it impossible for him to get a free ticket. 【答案】height 【解析】形容词性物主代词his后接名词，height名词身高、高度。 18. Can you tell me how many ______(秒) there are in a minute? 【答案】seconds 【解析】how many后接可数名词复数，second秒，复数seconds。 19. My brother didn’t do well in final ______(测试). 【答案】tests 【解析】final tests 期末考试，用复数表各类期末测试。 20. His sister thinks the man is the ______(差,坏) of all. 【答案】worst 【解析】of all表示三者及以上范围，bad的最高级worst。 21. In order to make your desk t______ than before, you must keep all your things in order. 【答案】tidier 【解析】than是比较级标志，tid整洁的，比较级tidier。 22. Among all the lovely girls, your sister is certainly the p______ because of her big bright eyes and long black hair. 【答案】prettiest 【解析】among all girls是三者以上范围，pretty漂亮的最高级prettiest。 23. All of them stood and ______(欢呼) for the wonderful performance. 【答案】cheered 【解析】and连接并列谓语，stood为过去式，cheer也用过去式cheered。 24. Miss Gao can always come up with ______(幽默的) ideas to make her class lively. 【答案】humorous 【解析】修饰名词ideas用形容词humorous幽默的。 25. Jane doesn’t have a ______(观念) of time. She is always late. 【答案】sense 【解析】固定搭配a sense of time 时间观念。 26. More outdoor activities can keep you relaxed and ______(积极的). 【答案】active 【解析】and并列两个形容词作宾语补足语，active积极的。 27. As a good teacher, you should be ______(耐心的) with your students. 【答案】patient 【解析】固定搭配be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心。 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Last Saturday afternoon, the PE teacher made the tallest student ______(move) all the stones away. 【答案】move 【解析】固定结构make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事，后跟动词原形。 2. The show is not interesting at all. I felt very ______(bore) when I was watching it. 【答案】bored 【解析】主语是人，-ed形容词bored表示人感到无聊的。 3. ______(make) friends, you must be friendly and helpful in your daily life. 【答案】To make 【解析】不定式To make放在句首，表目的，意为“为了交朋友”。 4. In a lively way, he often showed us some ______(bore) facts. 【答案】boring 【解析】修饰事物facts，用-ing形容词boring令人无聊的。 5. My pet cat is always very happy because nothing ______(worry) her. 【答案】worries 【解析】nothing作主语，谓语动词用三单，一般现在时worry变形worries。 6. ______(wear) a pair of glasses ______(make) him look very smart. 【答案】Wearing; makes 【解析】动名词Wearing作主语，谓语动词用单数makes。 7. Mum, I’m still hungry. Can I have one ______(many) piece of bread? 【答案】more 【解析】固定搭配one more 再一、又一。 8. It’s ______(polite) to laugh at people who are born with disabilities. We should try our best to help them instead. 【答案】impolite 【解析】根据句意嘲笑残疾人是不礼貌的，polite反义词impolite。 9. —What do you think ______(make) good friends? —I think good friends should always be kind and helpful. 【答案】makes 【解析】do you think为插入语，真正主语what视为单数，谓语用三单makes。 10. Tom, what about ______(swim) with us? 【答案】swimming 【解析】固定句型what about doing sth. 提建议，后跟动名词。 11. “You are too young to dress ______(you). Let me help you,” Mrs Lin said to her children. 【答案】yourselves 【解析】后面children是复数，dress oneself 自己穿衣服，反身代词用yourselves。 12. None of us want to make friends with ______(honest) people. We hope everyone can be honest. 【答案】dishonest 【解析】根据句意不想和不诚实的人交朋友，honest反义词dishonest。 13. The young lady looked ______(slim) after taking more exercise. 【答案】slimmer 【解析】运动后对比之前身材，暗含比较，slim比较级slimmer。 14. In the competition, Linda came first as she made the ______(few) mistakes. 【答案】fewest 【解析】比赛范围是多人，三者以上用最高级fewest最少的。 15. He is one of ______(excellent) students I have ever taught. 【答案】the most excellent 【解析】one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 名词复数，excellent多音节词最高级the most excellent。 16. Why not stop playing computer games? I think playing football is far ______(health). 【答案】healthier 【解析】足球和打游戏对比，用比较级；far可修饰比较级，healthy比较级healthier。 17. Because of this, some students choose to stay at home and aren’t willing to make friends with others. It only makes things become much ______(bad). 【答案】worse 【解析】much修饰比较级，bad比较级worse。 18. In our life, hope for the best and prepare for the ______(bad). 【答案】worst 【解析】前后并列the best，对应用最高级the worst。 19. After hearing his words, he felt even ______(sad). 【答案】sadder 【解析】even修饰比较级，sad比较级sadder。 20. The apple on the table is ______(red) than the other ones in the box. 【答案】redder 【解析】than是比较级标志，red重读闭音节，双写d加-er，redder。 三、单项选择 1. —Tommy, you can never let others know what I have told you today. —Don’t worry. I will keep the ______. A. secret B. money C. address D. grade 【答案】A 【解析】固定搭配keep the secret保守秘密，贴合前文不让别人知道的语境。 2. —Of all our teachers, I like Mr Chen best, because he is so ______. —That’s true. He always listens to our problems carefully. A. polite B. generous C. patient D. handsome 【答案】C 【解析】后文“认真倾听我们的烦恼”说明他有耐心，patient有耐心的。 3. —Simon always shares his things with others. —Oh, how ______ he is! A. polite B. friendly C. generous D. handsome 【答案】C 【解析】经常分享物品，体现慷慨大方，generous慷慨的。 4. You should listen to what he is saying first. Don’t be ______. A. patient B. impatient C. certain D. uncertain 【答案】B 【解析】前句说先认真听，不要不耐烦，impatient不耐烦的。 5. The jobs were ______ and guys got ______. A. bored; bored B. boring; boring C. boring; bored D. bored; boring 【答案】C 【解析】jobs是事物用boring令人无聊的；主语people是人用bored感到无聊的。 6. —I am very worried about tomorrow’s Maths test. I am afraid I can’t pass this time. —______! I’m sure you’ll make it. A. No problem B. That’s right C. Don’t mention it D. Cheer up 【答案】D 【解析】对方焦虑考试，用Cheer up振作起来安慰对方。 7. Kitty’s cousin hates a long wait. I don’t think he’s very ______. A. humorous B. generous C. patient D. active 【答案】C 【解析】讨厌长时间等待，说明没有耐心，patient有耐心的。 8. —You’d better keep the secret ______ yourselves, Millie and Lily. —OK. Amy. Can you keep it ______ us? A. to; to B. for; for C. to; for D. for; to 【答案】C 【解析】keep sth to oneself 秘不示人；keep sth for sb 为某人保守秘密。 9. —Bob, ______ sunshine is good for us and makes us happy. Let’s go out for a walk. —I’d love to, but I’m ______ tired today. What about tomorrow? A. a bit; a bit B. a bit; a bit of C. a bit of; a bit D. a bit of; a bit of 【答案】C 【解析】a bit of + 不可数名词；a bit + 形容词，sunshine不可数用a bit of，tired形容词用a bit。 10. —______? —He is kind and helpful. A. How does your new friend like B. What is your new friend C. How does your new friend look like D. What is your new friend like 【答案】D 【解析】What is sb like 用于询问人的性格品质，答句是性格描述。 11. In the interview, Fan Zhendong said, “If the opponent plays very well, I ______ for him and in the next round, I will play harder.” A. will cheer B. cheered C. have cheered D. cheer 【答案】A 【解析】if引导条件状语从句，主将从现，主句用一般将来时will cheer。 12. My English teacher often ______ us funny jokes, so we enjoy her class very much. A. says B. talks C. tells D. speaks 【答案】C 【解析】固定搭配tell jokes 讲笑话。 13. —Where is Mr Chen, Tom? —He ______ in his office. A. maybe B. must C. may be D. should 【答案】C 【解析】句中缺少谓语，may be作谓语；maybe是副词不能单独作谓语。 14. Tom is ______ honest boy. He is Jack’s ______ best friend in their class. A. an; the B. an; / C. a; the D. a; / 【答案】B 【解析】honest元音音素开头用an；形容词性物主代词Jack’s后不加the。 15. —It’s 8 o’clock now. Shall we leave for the shopping mall? —It’s rush hour now. Let’s wait till nine o’clock. There will be ______ then. A. fewer traffic B. less traffic C. more traffic D. lots of traffic 【答案】B 【解析】traffic不可数名词，九点车更少，little比较级less修饰不可数名词。 16. When we are in trouble, we should hope for the best but prepare for the ______. A. better B. best C. worse D. worst 【答案】D 【解析】the best对应最高级the worst，意为抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。 17. —Wow! The movie The Volunteers: The Battle of Life and Death is ______ best film I have ever seen. —I can’t agree more. I have never seen ______ better one before. A. the; the B. the; a C. a; a D. /; the 【答案】B 【解析】最高级best前必须加the；第二空泛指一部更好的电影，用a。 18. Sam speaks English better than ______ in his class because he keeps practising oral English every morning. A. any other boys B. any other boy C. the other boy D. any boy 【答案】B 【解析】同一范围内比较，any other + 单数名词，排除自身。 19. —The doctor asked me ______ too much because it’s bad for my health. —That’s right. The less you drink, ______ you will be. A. don’t drink; the healthier B. not to drink; the more healthier C. not to drink; the healthier D. don’t drink; the more healthier 【答案】C 【解析】ask sb not to do sth要求某人不要做某事；the+比较级，the+比较级，healthy比较级healthier无more。 20. You should pay attention to your writing. The ______ you write, the ______ marks you will get next time. A. more careful; fewer B. more carefully; highest C. more careful; fewest D. more carefully; higher 【答案】D 【解析】第一空修饰动词write用副词比较级more carefully；第二空the+比较级，higher更高的分数。 四、阅读理解 A In a peaceful town surrounded by hills, there lived an eight-grader named Tom who loved adventures. Tom had a wonderful buddy who wasn’t just a home pet but his very best friend—a golden retriever called Max. They first met at an animal centre when Tom was seven and have been together since then. Every morning, Tom and Max went on exciting adventures. They would walk through the woods, run after butterflies, and even help Mrs Thompson with her garden. Max had a super sense of smell, which made it easy for them to play treasure-hunts and find hidden treasures around the neighbourhood. Tom always proudly told friends about Max’s cleverness and how loyal(忠诚的) he was. One day, while walking through the forest, Tom slipped on a wet rock and hurt his leg. He was worried and called for help, but the trees weakened his cries. However, Max stayed right next to him and gently pulled him to a clearer area where it was easier to see. With Max showing the way, Tom slowly moved back home with difficulty. After that accident, Tom stayed home from school for a week to rest and heal. During this time, Max was always with him, bringing him books, getting water, and making him feel better. Their friendship became even stronger, and Tom’s parents were very moved by how loyal Max was. As Tom grew up, he and Max were still best friends. They went to dog shows together, where Max won awards, and watched beautiful sunsets from their favourite hill. From Max, Tom learned important life lessons about being loyal, brave, and loving someone without wanting anything back. Even now, Tom often thinks back with joy to those wonderful time with Max and is forever thankful for the great changes his furry friend made to his life. 1. What does the underlined word “slipped” mean in Paragraph 3? A. Walked carefully. B. Fell down. C. Jumped over. D. Climbed across. 2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Tom first met Max when he was in Grade 8. B. Tom could find hidden treasures with the help of Max. C. Tom and Max’s friendship changed a lot as time went by. D. Max slowly carried Tom back home after Tom hurt his leg. 3. What is the best title for this passage? A. Tom and Max’s adventures B. Fun time with a loyal friend C. Life filled with adventures D. A special and forever friend 【答案】1.B 2.B 3.D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了汤姆和挚友麦克斯相伴冒险、彼此扶持的故事，诠释真挚长久的友谊。 1. 句意：第三段划线单词“slipped”是什么意思？原文短语slipped on a wet rock意为在湿滑的石头上打滑，后文hurt his leg说明发生摔倒受伤；B选项Fell down意为摔倒，与原文语境匹配，其余选项词义不符合句意，故选B。 2. 句意：根据短文内容，以下哪一项表述正确？原文第二段提到Max拥有敏锐嗅觉，可以帮忙找到隐藏的宝藏，对应B选项；A选项两人八年级相识与原文七岁相识不符，C选项友谊随时间改变与原文友谊愈发牢固相反，D选项麦克斯背着汤姆回家原文无对应内容，故选B。 3. 句意：本文最合适的标题是哪一个？全文核心围绕汤姆与麦克斯长久、特别的深厚友谊展开，冒险仅为文中细节；D选项A special and forever friend概括全文主旨，其余选项仅概括文章局部内容，故选D。 B One day, a stork(鹳) saw a beautiful ring. It belonged to a rabbit. The rabbit went inside his hole, leaving the ring outside. The stork decided to try it on without asking. However, when she tried to take the ring off, it got stuck on her claw(爪子). She felt embarrassed. Since nobody had seen her, the stork flew off. The rabbit was very angry to find that the ring had been stolen. Soon, everyone in the forest started to help the rabbit to look for the thief. When the stork found out what was happening, she thought, “Oh no! I have to do something.” She hid the ring by bandaging(用绷带包扎) her claw. The stork thought she had solved the problem well, but later she ran into the rabbit. Seeing that the bird was injured, the rabbit suggested taking her to the hospital right away. The stork just couldn’t say no. Since her house was on the way to the hospital, the stork asked the rabbit to go first so that she went to have some water. Once the stork got inside her house, she wrapped her claw again and again so that the doctor wouldn’t see the ring. Feeling more relaxed, the stork flew off to meet the rabbit. But because of the added weight, she was not able to fly. She fell like a heavy stone and landed on the poor rabbit. Soon, hundreds of animals rushed to them, and then they found the bandage and the ring. In one single morning, the stork lost all her friends because of the ring. After a long time, the stork met the rabbit. She apologised to the rabbit and told him the whole story. “I shouldn’t have kept making bigger lies to cover up the smaller ones,” she said. “I remember ______.” Seeing the stork had learned the lesson, the rabbit was happy and helped her get her friends back. 1. What might be the stork’s facial expression when the ring was stuck on her claw? A. 😀 B. 🙈 C. 😳 D. 😜 2. According to the passage, which is the RIGHT order of the following sentences? ① The stork found a ring. ② The stork met the rabbit. ③ The stork realized her mistake. ④ The stork hid the ring with the bandage. ⑤ The stork wrapped her claw again before going to the hospital. A. ①③⑤④② B. ①②③⑤④ C. ①④②⑤③ D. ①④⑤③② 3. The stork fell down because ______. A. she was too tired to fly B. she put something else on her claw C. she became quite fat D. she carried some other rings 4. Which of the following can be put into “______”? A. tomorrow is another day B. honesty is the best policy C. two heads are better than one D. a friend in need is a friend indeed 【答案】1.C 2.C 3.B 4.B 【解析】本文是一篇寓言小故事，通过鹳鸟隐瞒戒指而引发一系列麻烦的故事，告诉我们诚实是最好的处事准则。 1. 句意：当戒指卡在鹳鸟的爪子上时，它会是什么表情？戒指卡在爪子上无法取下，鹳鸟内心窘迫尴尬；C选项表情代表尴尬脸红，其余表情均无法对应窘迫的心情，故选C。 2. 句意：下列句子正确的事件顺序是？故事完整流程：①鹳鸟捡到戒指→④用绷带藏好戒指→②路上偶遇兔子→⑤去医院前再次包扎爪子→③最后意识到自己的错误，对应顺序①④②⑤③，即C选项，故选C。 3. 句意：鹳鸟摔倒的原因是什么？原文提到added weight额外负重，多层绷带缠绕爪子增加了重量，等同于爪子上额外捆绑了东西；B选项表述贴合原文逻辑，其余选项文中无依据，故选B。 4. 句意：哪一句谚语适合填入文章结尾？整篇故事的核心道理是隐瞒小事会引来更多麻烦，做人应当诚实；B选项honesty is the best policy意为诚实为上策，贴合文章主旨，其余谚语与故事主题无关，故选B。 五、首字母填空 Video chat is a good way to keep the friendship fresh. Sometimes, a sad day becomes bright when you see your friend’s big 1.s______ on the phone. Keep sharing everything. My best friend and I are far apart. We share lots of feelings and even small 2.s______. It feels like your friend is 3.a______ beside you all the time. When they feel upset, you can 4.w______ your spare time listening to them carefully. Be there for them. Your friends may meet trouble. That’s 5.w______ true friends are for. Presents. Little gifts are great. They show you 6.a______ care about them. Be ready to grow. People change slowly. Your friend may become a 7.d______ person. Don’t complain loudly. You can 8.t______ your real thoughts softly. Sweet little 9.m______ between you can keep friendship warm. Never stop 10.c______ with each other. 【答案】 1.smile 2.secrets 3.actually 4.spend 5.what 6.always 7.different 8.tell 9.moments 10.communicating 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了远距离维系友谊的几条方法。 1. 句意：有时候，当你在手机屏幕上看到朋友灿烂的笑容，糟糕的一天都会变得明朗。此处形容词big修饰名词，结合视频通话场景，smile表示笑容，故填smile。 2. 句意：我们分享很多心事，甚至是一些小秘密。small后接可数名词复数，单元核心词汇secret表示秘密，复数形式secrets，故填secrets。 3. 句意：感觉你的朋友其实一直陪在你身边。此处副词修饰整句话，actually表示实际上、事实上，故填actually。 4. 句意：当他们情绪低落时，你可以利用空闲时间认真倾听他们。固定搭配spend one’s spare time doing sth. 花费空余时间做某事，情态动词can后用动词原形，故填spend。 5. 句意：这就是真正的朋友存在的意义。此处what引导表语从句，That’s what...for为固定句型，意为这就是……的意义，故填what。 6. 句意：小小的礼物意义重大，它们代表你一直惦记着对方。副词always修饰动词care，表示总是、一直，故填always。 7. 句意：人会慢慢改变，你的朋友或许会变成一个不一样的人。形容词修饰名词person，different表示不同的，贴合“人会改变”的语境，故填different。 8. 句意：你可以温和地说出你真实的想法。情态动词can后接动词原形，tell表示诉说、说出，搭配thoughts表示倾诉想法，故填tell。 9. 句意：你们之间温馨的细碎时光能让友谊长久温暖。little修饰可数名词复数，moment表示瞬间、时光，复数形式moments，故填moments。 10. 句意：永远不要停止和彼此沟通。固定搭配stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事，communicate表示交流、沟通，动名词形式communicating，故填communicating。 1 / 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Friendship 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、人物品质类： 1. _______________（诚实的；正直的） ______________________________________________________________________________ （她是一个诚实的女孩，从不说谎。） 2. _______________（快乐的；开朗的） _____________________________________________________________________________ （这个开朗的女孩总能给我们带来快乐。） 3. _______________（幽默的；滑稽的） _____________________________________________________________________________ （我的同桌很幽默，经常讲有趣的笑话。） 4. _______________（体贴的；关心他人的） ____________________________________________________________________________ （这位体贴的老师总是帮助有困难的学生。） 5. _______________（勇敢的） ____________________________________________________________________________ （我们应该勇敢面对生活中的困难。） 6. _______________（有耐心的） ____________________________________________________________________________ （我最好的朋友足够有耐心，总能倾听我的烦恼。） 7. _______________（值得信赖的） ____________________________________________________________________________ （值得信赖的朋友会为你保守秘密。） 8. _______________（体贴的；考虑周到的） ___________________________________________________________________________ （你为我准备礼物，真的太贴心了。） 二、动作与情绪类 1. _______________（笑；发笑） _______________________________________________________________________________ （他的笑话总是把我们所有人都逗笑。） 2. _______________（撒谎） _______________________________________________________________________________ （好朋友永远不应该对彼此说谎。） 3. _______________（鼓励；激励） _______________________________________________________________________________ （我的老师经常鼓励我大声说英语。） 4. _______________（相信；信任） _______________________________________________________________________________ （你可以相信他说的话，因为他从不说谎。） 5. _______________（面对；面临） _______________________________________________________________________________ （我们需要直面问题，而不是逃避。） 6. _______________（烦闷的；厌倦的） _______________________________________________________________________________ （和最好的朋友待在一起时，我从不觉得无聊。） 7. _______________（精力充沛的） _______________________________________________________________________________ （这个精力充沛的男孩走了很久的路也不觉得累。） 三、核心品质类 1. _______________（友谊） _______________________________________________________________________________ （真正的友谊会延续很久。） 2. _______________（秘密；秘诀） _______________________________________________________________________________ （我可以告诉你我的秘密，但你必须保密。） 3. _______________（感觉；感知力） _______________________________________________________________________________ （他方向感很好，从来不会迷路。） 4. _______________（高度；身高） _______________________________________________________________________________ （这棵树的高度大约是10米。） 5. _______________（危险） _______________________________________________________________________________ （现在很多野生动物都处于危险中。） 6. _______________（品质；质量） _______________________________________________________________________________ （诚实是好朋友最重要的品质之一。） 短 语 短 语 短 语 一、动词核心短语 1. _______________（保守秘密） _______________________________________________________________________________ （好朋友应该互相保守秘密。） 2. _______________（与某人和睦相处） _______________________________________________________________________________ （这个开朗的女孩很好相处。） 3. _______________（面对困难/问题） _______________________________________________________________________________ （我们应该勇敢面对生活中的困难。） 4. _______________（使某人振作起来） _______________________________________________________________________________ （妹妹难过时，我会买糖果哄她开心。） 5. _______________（和某人分享某物） _______________________________________________________________________________ （我喜欢和我最好的朋友分享零食。） 6. _______________（说某人坏话） _______________________________________________________________________________ （善良的女孩从不会说别人的坏话。） 7. _______________（鼓励某人做某事） _______________________________________________________________________________ （老师经常鼓励我们课堂大胆发言。） 8. _______________（想要做某事） _______________________________________________________________________________ （每当想放弃时，想想自己的梦想。） 9. _______________（花费时间做某事） _______________________________________________________________________________ （汤姆花了几周制作太阳能机器人。） 10. _______________（记得去做某事） _______________________________________________________________________________ （交谈时记得时不时点头。） 二、名词固定搭配短语 1. _______________（幽默感） ______________________________________________________________________________ （有幽默感的人总是很受欢迎。） 2. _______________（一点儿；稍微） ______________________________________________________________________________ （这顶帽子让他看起来有点滑稽。） 3. _______________（……的秘诀） ______________________________________________________________________________ （长久友谊的秘诀是信任。） 三、介词/形容词搭配短语 1. _______________（对某人坦诚） ______________________________________________________________________________ （你应该一直对朋友坦诚。） 2. _______________（对某事感到厌倦） _______________________________________________________________________________ （我每天做一样的作业，感到厌烦。） 3. _______________（处于危险中） _______________________________________________________________________________ （消防员救下了身处险境的小男孩。） 4. _______________（面对面） _______________________________________________________________________________ （我们面对面讨论了这个难题。） 5. _______________（丢脸） _______________________________________________________________________________ （他不想在全班同学面前丢脸。） 6. _______________（在危险时刻） _______________________________________________________________________________ （真正的朋友不会在危难时丢下你。） 7. _______________（对……感兴趣） _______________________________________________________________________________ （听课时，我对他的分享很感兴趣。） 实 用 交 际 句 型 实 用 交 际 句 型 一、谈论朋友品质句型 1. What qualities make a good friend? 什么样的品质才算好朋友？ 2. Good friends should be honest and helpful. 好朋友应该诚实、乐于助人。 3. A good friend has a good sense of humour. 好朋友很有幽默感。 4. She is trustworthy and can keep secrets for you. 她值得信赖，能为你保守秘密。 5. He is cheerful and always cheers me up when I feel down. 他性格开朗，我低落时总能哄我开心。 二、介绍好友外貌句型 1. Max is the tallest boy in our class. 马克斯是我们班最高的男生。 2. Betty has big bright eyes and long hair. 贝蒂有着明亮的大眼睛和长发。 3. Her hair is longer than mine. 她的头发比我的长。 三、两者/三者比较句型 1. Max is more humorous than other boys. 马克斯比其他男生更幽默。 2. Betty is one of the most helpful students in our grade. 贝蒂是我们年级最乐于助人的学生之一。 3. The more you share with friends, the closer you will get. 你和朋友分享得越多，你们关系越亲密。 四、表达观点与认同句型 1. I agree with you. 我同意你的看法。 2. To be honest, I like quiet friends better. 说实话，我更喜欢安静的朋友。 3. In my opinion, trust is the key to friendship. 在我看来，信任是友谊的关键。 五、描述相处日常句型 1. He always encourages me to keep trying. 他总是鼓励我坚持下去。 2. We often share our stories and feelings with each other. 我们经常互相分享故事与心事。 3. A true friend never leaves you in times of danger. 真正的朋友不会在危难时抛下你。 4. I can tell her all my worries because she never tells others. 我可以把烦恼都告诉她，她不会外传。 六、作文开头、结尾万能句型 开头 1. My best friend is Max. He is one of the special people in my life. 我最好的朋友是马克斯，他是我生命里很特别的人。 2. I met my best friend three years ago, and we get along well all the time. 我三年前认识了我最好的朋友，我们一直相处融洽。 结尾 1. I feel lucky to have such a good friend. 拥有这样一位好朋友，我感到很幸运。 2. I hope our friendship will last forever. 我希望我们的友谊长存。 3. Friendship makes our life much richer. 友谊让我们的生活更加丰富多彩。 语 法 形容词比较级 & 最高级（人物外貌/品质描写核心） （1）两者对比（描述两人差异） 结构：主语 + be + 比较级 + than + 对比对象 例句：My friend is more patient than me. 翻译：我的朋友比我更有耐心。 写作作用：对比自己和好友的性格、身高，丰富内容。 （2）三者及以上最高级（突出好友优点） 结构：主语 + be + the + 最高级 + in/of... 例句：Betty is the most helpful girl in our class. 翻译：贝蒂是我们班最乐于助人的女孩。 （3）高分特殊句型 ① one of + the + 最高级 + 名词复数（写作万能句） 例句：He is one of my closest friends. 翻译：他是我最亲密的朋友之一。 ② The + 比较级，the + 比较级（升华友谊主题） 例句：The more we share, the closer we become. 翻译：我们分享得越多，关系就越亲密。 写 作 （一）标准三段式写作框架 第一段：开篇引入（介绍人物+初识背景） 写作要点：姓名、初次相识时间地点、总体印象 万能开头：My best friend is ... I met him/her at ... two years ago. He/She is one of the kindest people I know. 第二段：主体核心（外貌+性格+具体事例，得分关键） 1. 外貌描写：身高、发型、五官（使用比较级） 例：She has big bright eyes and her hair is longer than mine. 2. 性格品质（搭配课文形容词：honest/humorous/trustworthy） 3. 真实小事（必须举1个事例，体现品质） 模板：When I felt down last month, she cheered me up and kept my secrets. 第三段：结尾升华（表达对友谊的看法、美好祝愿） 万能结尾：I hope our friendship will last forever. True friendship makes our life much richer. （二）写作得分技巧 1. 词汇升级：普通happy → cheerful；good friend → trustworthy friend 2. 句式升级：多用最高级、one of句型、the more…the more句型，避免简单句堆砌 3. 逻辑词加分：Besides（此外）、What’s more（而且）、Finally（最后） 4. 避坑点： - 最高级漏the：❌ She is kindest → ✅ She is the kindest - 比较级搭配错误：❌ more tall → ✅ taller - bored/boring混用：人用bored，事物用boring 一、知识点精讲 1. encourage v. 鼓励；激励 【变形】encourages(三单) encouraged(过去式/分词) encouraging(现在分词) 【句型】 ① encourage sb to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 Our teacher often encourages us to speak English in class. 我们老师经常鼓励我们在课堂上说英语。 ② encourage sb in sth. 在某方面鼓励、支持某人 My parents encourage me in my painting hobby. 我的父母支持我画画这个爱好。 【拓展】encouragement n. 鼓励 2. honest adj. 诚实的；正直的 【变形】more honest(比较级) most honest(最高级) 【句型】 ① be honest with sb. 对某人坦诚 You should be honest with your best friend. 你应该对你最好的朋友坦诚相待。 ② To be honest, 说实话（插入语） To be honest, I don’t like noisy people. 说实话，我不喜欢吵闹的人。 【拓展】honesty n.诚实；dishonest adj.不诚实的 3. secret n. 秘密；秘诀 adj. 秘密的 【变形】secrets(复数) 【句型】 ① keep a secret / keep secrets 保守秘密 Good friends can keep secrets for each other. 好朋友会互相保守秘密。 ② the secret to sth ……的秘诀 Trust is the secret to long friendship. 信任是长久友谊的秘诀。 ③ in secret 秘密地 They prepared the birthday gift in secret. 他们偷偷准备了生日礼物。 4. humour n. 幽默（humorous adj.幽默的） 【句型】 ① have a good sense of humour 很有幽默感 Max has a good sense of humour and always tells jokes. 马克斯很有幽默感，总讲笑话。 【拓展】humorous adj.幽默的；more humorous更幽默的 5. face v. 面对；面临 n. 脸 【变形】faces(三单) faced(过去式/分词) facing(现在分词) 【句型】 ① face difficulties / problems 面对困难/问题 We should be brave enough to face difficulties. 我们应该足够勇敢去面对困难。 ② face to face 面对面 We talked about our trouble face to face yesterday. 昨天我们面对面聊了我们的烦恼。 ③ lose face 丢脸 He doesn’t want to lose face in front of classmates. 他不想在同学们面前丢脸。 二、核心语法精讲 语法主题：形容词比较级与最高级 1. 三种基本形式说明 形容词分为原级、比较级、最高级。 - 比较级：用于两者对比，意为“更……”，常搭配than； - 最高级：用于三者及以上范围，意为“最……”，前面一般加the，搭配in/of/among说明范围。 2. 比较级、最高级变化规则 （1）规则变化 ① 一般单音节词直接加-er / -est eg：tall → taller（更高）→ tallest（最高） 例：He is taller than me. 他比我高。 ② 以不发音字母e结尾，加-r / -st eg：nice → nicer → nicest 例：This book is nicer than that one. 这本书比那本好看。 ③ 重读闭音节（辅+元+辅结尾），双写末尾辅音再加-er/-est eg：big → bigger → biggest 例：The box is bigger than yours. 这个盒子比你的大。 ④ 辅音字母 + y结尾，变y为i，再加-er/-est eg：funny → funnier → funniest 例：Max is funnier than other boys. 马克斯比别的男生有趣。 ⑤ 多音节词/部分双音节词，前面加more（比较级）/most（最高级） humorous → more humorous → most humorous 例：She is the most humorous girl in our class. 她是班里最幽默的女生。 （2）不规则变化（无规则，必须背诵） good/well → better → best bad/badly → worse → worst many/much → more → most 例：This idea is better than yours. 这个主意比你的好。 3. 核心基础句型 （1）比较级基础句型：A + be + 比较级 + than + B 含义：A比B更…… 例句：My hair is longer than hers. 我的头发比她的长。 补充：much / a little / even 可修饰比较级表程度 例句：He is much taller than me. 他比我高很多。 （2）最高级基础句型：A + be + the + 最高级 + 范围(in/of/among) 含义：A在某范围内是最……的 例句：Betty is the kindest student in our grade. 贝蒂是我们年级最善良的学生。 4. 单元两大特殊高分句型 句型① one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 含义：最……之一 【用法要点】 1. 最高级前必须加the； 2. 后面名词用复数； 3. 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例句：Max is one of the tallest boys in our class. 马克斯是我们班最高的男生之一。 句型② The + 比较级，the + 比较级 含义：越……，就越…… 【用法要点】前后都用比较级，前半句表条件，后半句表结果。 例句：The more you share with friends, the closer you will be. 你和朋友分享越多，你们就越亲密。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作话题为介绍最好的朋友，属于人物描写类记叙文。 写作核心要求：围绕友谊主题，运用形容词原级、比较级、最高级描写好友外貌、性格品质，结合具体小事体现人物特点，表达对友谊的理解。 考察语法：形容词比较级、最高级、encourage sb to do、keep secrets等单元重点短语； 考察情感：突出真诚、信任、陪伴等友谊内涵。 2. 写作框架（三段式标准结构） 第一段：开篇引入（总起） 内容：点明好友姓名、初识时间，总体概括人物最大特点。 万能句：My best friend is… We met … He/She is one of the most wonderful people I know. 第二段：主体描写（核心得分段） 分层1：外貌描写（身高、发型，使用比较级） 分层2：性格品质（honest/humorous/brave/trustworthy等单元形容词） 分层3：具体事例（一件小事，体现性格，搭配单元短语） 第三段：结尾升华（抒情收尾） 内容：写和朋友相处的感受，表达珍惜友谊、对友谊的期许。 万能句：I feel lucky to have such a friend. I hope our friendship will last forever. 3. 写作素材 （1）外貌词汇 tall 高的；short 矮的；long hair 长发；big eyes 大眼睛 比较级：taller 更高；longer 更长 例句：Her hair is longer than mine. （2）性格品质词汇（单元核心） honest 诚实的；humorous 幽默的；brave 勇敢的；helpful 乐于助人的；trustworthy 值得信赖的；cheerful 开朗的 （3）高频写作短语 have a good sense of humour 有幽默感 keep secrets 保守秘密 cheer sb up 使某人开心 encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 face difficulties 面对困难 get along well with sb 和某人相处融洽 （4）加分句型 1. one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数 ……之一 2. The + 比较级, the + 比较级 越……越…… 3. To be honest, … 说实话，…… 4. 范文背诵 My best friend My best friend is Betty. We met three years ago at primary school. She is one of the most trustworthy girls in my class. Betty is taller than me and she has big bright eyes. She has a good sense of humour, so I never feel bored when I stay with her. What’s more, she is honest and always keeps my secrets. When I failed my English test last month, I felt really down. She cheered me up and encouraged me to keep practising every day. She told me we should be brave to face all difficulties together. I feel so lucky to have such a good friend. The more we share our feelings, the closer we become. I hope our friendship will last forever. 易错点1：ed形容词与ing形容词辨析（bored / boring） 【错因辨析】 1. 混淆修饰对象：`-ed`主语是人，表达“人感到……”；`-ing`主语是事物，表达“某物令人……”。 2. 中式翻译误区：看到“无聊的”统一用boring，忽略主语是人时要用bored。 【一句话辨异】 人感到无聊用bored，事物让人无聊用boring。 【助记口诀】 人ed物ing，感觉与事物分清。 【对点训练】 用bored/boring填空 1. The film is so ________ that all of us feel ________. 2. He got ________ with the ________ speech. 3. To stay at home alone is ________, so I never feel ________ when I hang out with friends. 易错点2：one of 句型两大陷阱 【错因辨析】 1. 漏定冠词the：最高级前面必须加the； 2. 后面名词误用单数：one of 后接可数名词复数； 3. 主谓一致错误：one of...作主语，谓语动词用单数。 【一句话辨异】 one of + the 最高级 + 名词复数，谓语单数要牢记。 【助记口诀】 one of 三要素，the、复数、单谓语。 【对点训练】 单项选择 1. She is one of ________ helpful students in our grade. A. most B. the most C. more 2. One of my best friends ________ humorous and kind. A. is B. are C. be 3. This is one of the tallest ________ in our school. A. boy B. boys C. a boy 易错点3：形容词比较级修饰词much / more混用 【错因辨析】 1. 误区1：用more修饰比较级，如more taller（错误）；more本身是比较级标记，不能再加在比较级前。 2. 误区2：分不清much用法，much可放在比较级前加强程度，表示“……得多”。 3. 误区3：多音节形容词变形混乱，误写成beautifuler。 【一句话辨异】 比较级前不用more修饰，much用来加深程度；多音节形容词只在前加more。 【助记口诀】 比较身上不带more，much站前来加码；多音节词单独变，只在前面加more。 【对点训练】单项选择 1. My deskmate is ________ thinner than before. A. more B. much C. very 2. This story is ________ interesting than that one. A. much more B. much C. more much 3. He runs ________ faster than me. A. more B. much C. very 一、根据汉语提示写出单词 1. Don’t always complain about your ______(学校作业). It’s your duty to finish it after school. 2. Everyone in my class likes the ______(幽默的) boy called Jimmy and we all feel happy when listening to his jokes. 3. Stop ______(相信) Millie’s excuse. She just woke up late and didn’t catch the school bus. 4. I have never lost my way, because I have a very good ______(感觉) of direction. 5. After Mr Wang explained the Maths problem patiently to us, we finally u______ how to solve such problems. 6. Look! The lovely children are taking an a______ part in the swimming competition! 7. Doing lots of listening practice is one of the ______(秘诀) of becoming a good English learner. 8. Please put away those ______(青少年) schoolbags. They are going to school soon. 9. How I wish to have a ______(幽默的) teacher! 10. Let me be brave to tell us the ______(事实), and we’ll try to help solve the problem. 11. Her ______(体贴人的) actions made a big difference to the lives of those she helped. 12. Nobody would like to trust Simon because he often ______(撒谎) to others when he makes mistakes. 13. I don’t think he is an ______(诚实的) boy. 14. The ______(人) who left the bag on the bus or on the underground should contact the lost-and-found department. 15. After watching the wonderful film, we shared our different ______(想法) about it while having dinner together. 16. My sister is always very c______ at home, which makes everyone feel happy and warm. 17. The boy was sad because his ______(高度) made it impossible for him to get a free ticket. 18. Can you tell me how many ______(秒) there are in a minute? 19. My brother didn’t do well in final ______(测试). 20. His sister thinks the man is the ______(差,坏) of all. 21. In order to make your desk t______ than before, you must keep all your things in order. 22. Among all the lovely girls, your sister is certainly the p______ because of her big bright eyes and long black hair. 23. All of them stood and ______(欢呼) for the wonderful performance. 24. Miss Gao can always come up with ______(幽默的) ideas to make her class lively. 25. Jane doesn’t have a ______(观念) of time. She is always late. 26. More outdoor activities can keep you relaxed and ______(积极的). 27. As a good teacher, you should be ______(耐心的) with your students. 二、用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Last Saturday afternoon, the PE teacher made the tallest student ______(move) all the stones away. 2. The show is not interesting at all. I felt very ______(bore) when I was watching it. 3. ______(make) friends, you must be friendly and helpful in your daily life. 4. In a lively way, he often showed us some ______(bore) facts. 5. My pet cat is always very happy because nothing ______(worry) her. 6. ______(wear) a pair of glasses ______(make) him look very smart. 7. Mum, I’m still hungry. Can I have one ______(many) piece of bread? 8. It’s ______(polite) to laugh at people who are born with disabilities. We should try our best to help them instead. 9. —What do you think ______(make) good friends? —I think good friends should always be kind and helpful. 10. Tom, what about ______(swim) with us? 11. “You are too young to dress ______(you). Let me help you,” Mrs Lin said to her children. 12. None of us want to make friends with ______(honest) people. We hope everyone can be honest. 13. The young lady looked ______(slim) after taking more exercise. 14. In the competition, Linda came first as she made the ______(few) mistakes. 15. He is one of ______(excellent) students I have ever taught. 16. Why not stop playing computer games? I think playing football is far ______(health). 17. Because of this, some students choose to stay at home and aren’t willing to make friends with others. It only makes things become much ______(bad). 18. In our life, hope for the best and prepare for the ______(bad). 19. After hearing his words, he felt even ______(sad). 20. The apple on the table is ______(red) than the other ones in the box. 三、单项选择 1. —Tommy, you can never let others know what I have told you today. —Don’t worry. I will keep the ______. A. secret B. money C. address D. grade 2. —Of all our teachers, I like Mr Chen best, because he is so ______. —That’s true. He always listens to our problems carefully. A. polite B. generous C. patient D. handsome 3. —Simon always shares his things with others. —Oh, how ______ he is! A. polite B. friendly C. generous D. handsome 4. You should listen to what he is saying first. Don’t be ______. A. patient B. impatient C. certain D. uncertain 5. The jobs were ______ and guys got ______. A. bored; bored B. boring; boring C. boring; bored D. bored; boring 6. —I am very worried about tomorrow’s Maths test. I am afraid I can’t pass this time. —______! I’m sure you’ll make it. A. No problem B. That’s right C. Don’t mention it D. Cheer up 7. Kitty’s cousin hates a long wait. I don’t think he’s very ______. A. humorous B. generous C. patient D. active 8. —You’d better keep the secret ______ yourselves, Millie and Lily. —OK. Amy. Can you keep it ______ us? A. to; to B. for; for C. to; for D. for; to 9. —Bob, ______ sunshine is good for us and makes us happy. Let’s go out for a walk. —I’d love to, but I’m ______ tired today. What about tomorrow? A. a bit; a bit B. a bit; a bit of C. a bit of; a bit D. a bit of; a bit of 10. —______? —He is kind and helpful. A. How does your new friend like B. What is your new friend C. How does your new friend look like D. What is your new friend like 11. In the interview, Fan Zhendong said, “If the opponent plays very well, I ______ for him and in the next round, I will play harder.” A. will cheer B. cheered C. have cheered D. cheer 12. My English teacher often ______ us funny jokes, so we enjoy her class very much. A. says B. talks C. tells D. speaks 13. —Where is Mr Chen, Tom? —He ______ in his office. A. maybe B. must C. may be D. should 14. Tom is ______ honest boy. He is Jack’s ______ best friend in their class. A. an; the B. an; / C. a; the D. a; / 15. —It’s 8 o’clock now. Shall we leave for the shopping mall? —It’s rush hour now. Let’s wait till nine o’clock. There will be ______ then. A. fewer traffic B. less traffic C. more traffic D. lots of traffic 16. When we are in trouble, we should hope for the best but prepare for the ______. A. better B. best C. worse D. worst 17. —Wow! The movie The Volunteers: The Battle of Life and Death is ______ best film I have ever seen. —I can’t agree more. I have never seen ______ better one before. A. the; the B. the; a C. a; a D. /; the 18. Sam speaks English better than ______ in his class because he keeps practising oral English every morning. A. any other boys B. any other boy C. the other boy D. any boy 19. —The doctor asked me ______ too much because it’s bad for my health. —That’s right. The less you drink, ______ you will be. A. don’t drink; the healthier B. not to drink; the more healthier C. not to drink; the healthier D. don’t drink; the more healthier 20. You should pay attention to your writing. The ______ you write, the ______ marks you will get next time. A. more careful; fewer B. more carefully; highest C. more careful; fewest D. more carefully; higher 四、阅读理解 A In a peaceful town surrounded by hills, there lived an eight-grader named Tom who loved adventures. Tom had a wonderful buddy who wasn’t just a home pet but his very best friend—a golden retriever called Max. They first met at an animal centre when Tom was seven and have been together since then. Every morning, Tom and Max went on exciting adventures. They would walk through the woods, run after butterflies, and even help Mrs Thompson with her garden. Max had a super sense of smell, which made it easy for them to play treasure-hunts and find hidden treasures around the neighbourhood. Tom always proudly told friends about Max’s cleverness and how loyal(忠诚的) he was. One day, while walking through the forest, Tom slipped on a wet rock and hurt his leg. He was worried and called for help, but the trees weakened his cries. However, Max stayed right next to him and gently pulled him to a clearer area where it was easier to see. With Max showing the way, Tom slowly moved back home with difficulty. After that accident, Tom stayed home from school for a week to rest and heal. During this time, Max was always with him, bringing him books, getting water, and making him feel better. Their friendship became even stronger, and Tom’s parents were very moved by how loyal Max was. As Tom grew up, he and Max were still best friends. They went to dog shows together, where Max won awards, and watched beautiful sunsets from their favourite hill. From Max, Tom learned important life lessons about being loyal, brave, and loving someone without wanting anything back. Even now, Tom often thinks back with joy to those wonderful time with Max and is forever thankful for the great changes his furry friend made to his life. 1. What does the underlined word “slipped” mean in Paragraph 3? A. Walked carefully. B. Fell down. C. Jumped over. D. Climbed across. 2. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. Tom first met Max when he was in Grade 8. B. Tom could find hidden treasures with the help of Max. C. Tom and Max’s friendship changed a lot as time went by. D. Max slowly carried Tom back home after Tom hurt his leg. 3. What is the best title for this passage? A. Tom and Max’s adventures B. Fun time with a loyal friend C. Life filled with adventures D. A special and forever friend B One day, a stork(鹳) saw a beautiful ring. It belonged to a rabbit. The rabbit went inside his hole, leaving the ring outside. The stork decided to try it on without asking. However, when she tried to take the ring off, it got stuck on her claw(爪子). She felt embarrassed. Since nobody had seen her, the stork flew off. The rabbit was very angry to find that the ring had been stolen. Soon, everyone in the forest started to help the rabbit to look for the thief. When the stork found out what was happening, she thought, “Oh no! I have to do something.” She hid the ring by bandaging(用绷带包扎) her claw. The stork thought she had solved the problem well, but later she ran into the rabbit. Seeing that the bird was injured, the rabbit suggested taking her to the hospital right away. The stork just couldn’t say no. Since her house was on the way to the hospital, the stork asked the rabbit to go first so that she went to have some water. Once the stork got inside her house, she wrapped her claw again and again so that the doctor wouldn’t see the ring. Feeling more relaxed, the stork flew off to meet the rabbit. But because of the added weight, she was not able to fly. She fell like a heavy stone and landed on the poor rabbit. Soon, hundreds of animals rushed to them, and then they found the bandage and the ring. In one single morning, the stork lost all her friends because of the ring. After a long time, the stork met the rabbit. She apologised to the rabbit and told him the whole story. “I shouldn’t have kept making bigger lies to cover up the smaller ones,” she said. “I remember ______.” Seeing the stork had learned the lesson, the rabbit was happy and helped her get her friends back. 1. What might be the stork’s facial expression when the ring was stuck on her claw? A. 😀 B. 🙈 C. 😳 D. 😜 2. According to the passage, which is the RIGHT order of the following sentences? ① The stork found a ring. ② The stork met the rabbit. ③ The stork realized her mistake. ④ The stork hid the ring with the bandage. ⑤ The stork wrapped her claw again before going to the hospital. A. ①③⑤④② B. ①②③⑤④ C. ①④②⑤③ D. ①④⑤③② 3. The stork fell down because ______. A. she was too tired to fly B. she put something else on her claw C. she became quite fat D. she carried some other rings 4. Which of the following can be put into “______”? A. tomorrow is another day B. honesty is the best policy C. two heads are better than one D. a friend in need is a friend indeed 五、首字母填空 Video chat is a good way to keep the friendship fresh. Sometimes, a sad day becomes bright when you see your friend’s big 1.s______ on the phone. Keep sharing everything. My best friend and I are far apart. We share lots of feelings and even small 2.s______. It feels like your friend is 3.a______ beside you all the time. When they feel upset, you can 4.w______ your spare time listening to them carefully. Be there for them. Your friends may meet trouble. That’s 5.w______ true friends are for. Presents. Little gifts are great. They show you 6.a______ care about them. Be ready to grow. People change slowly. Your friend may become a 7.d______ person. Don’t complain loudly. You can 8.t______ your real thoughts softly. Sweet little 9.m______ between you can keep friendship warm. Never stop 10.c______ with each other. 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $