内容正文:
2026-2027学年外研版英语九年级上册Unit 6 Live green构词法讲解与专项练习
第一部分:构词法知识讲解
构词法主要有三种:派生法、转化法和合成法。
1、 派生法 (Derivation)
核心规律:前缀改变词义,后缀改变词性。
(一)常见前缀 (Prefixes)
前缀
含义
示例
un-
不
unhappy不开心的;unfair不公平的
dis-
不
disagree不赞同;dislike不喜欢
im-/in-
不
impossible不可能的;incorrect不正确的
mis-
错误地
mistake误解;misunderstand误会
re-
再,重复
rebuild重建;rewrite重写;reuse再使用
en-
使成为……
enlarge扩大;encourage鼓励;enrich丰富
(二)常见后缀 (Suffixes)
1.名词后缀(→ 名词)
后缀
含义/作用
示例
-er/-or
从事……的人
runner跑步者;visitor游客;inventor发明家
-ist
……家/主义者
scientist科学家;artist艺术家
-tion
动作/状态
invention发明;congratulation祝贺;pollution污染
-ness
性质/状态
happiness幸福;illness疾病;business商业
-ing
动作/结果
shopping购物;building建筑物;feeling感觉
-th
抽象名词
warmth温暖;growth成长;depth深度
-ty
性质/状态
safety安全;difficulty困难
-ment
动作/结果
development发展;agreement同意
-ity
性质
creativity创造力;activity活动
2. 形容词后缀(→ 形容词)
后缀
含义
示例
-able/-ible
能够……的
enjoyable令人愉快的;possible可能的
-ful
充满……的
helpful有帮助的;useful有用的;careful仔细的
-less
没有,无
careless粗心的;useless无用的;homeless无家可归的
-ly
具有……性质的
friendly友好的;lovely可爱的;lively活泼的
-y
有……性质的
cloudy多云的;rainy有雨的;snowy下雪的;noisy嘈杂的
-al
……的
environmental环境的;national国家的
-ous
具有……的
dangerous危险的;famous著名的
-ing
令人……的
interesting有趣的;surprising令人惊奇的
-ed
感到……的
excited感到兴奋的;interested感兴趣的
3.副词后缀(→ 副词)
后缀
作用
示例
-ly
以……方式
easily容易地;slowly慢慢地;quickly迅速地;wisely明智地
2、 转化法 (Conversion)
核心规律:不借助词缀,把一个单词从一种词性转化为另一种词性,词形不变。
转化方式
示例
名词→动词
I have a new phone (n.手机) and I want to phone (v.打电话) my friend.
动词→名词
I'll visit (v.参观) Nanjing next month and this is my fourth visit (n.参观) there.
形容词→名词
She is wearing a black dress.The girl in black (穿黑衣裳的人) looks beautiful.
三、合成法 (Compounding)
核心规律:把两个或两个以上独立且语义不同的单词合成在一起构成新词。
合成类型
构成
示例
合成名词
名词+名词
bedroom卧室;blackboard黑板;greenhouse温室;toothbrush牙刷
合成形容词
形容词+分词
good-looking好看的;hard-working勤奋的;long-lasting耐用的
合成副词
副词+名词/副词
sometimes有时;upstairs在楼上;however然而
合成动词
副词+动词
overcome克服;sleepwalk梦游;upcycle升级改造
第二部分:分层专项练习
一、判断下列单词的构词方式(填 A=派生法 / B=转化法 / C=合成法)
( )1.blackboard
( )2.unhappy
( )3.phone(v.打电话)
( )4.classroom
( )5.careful
( )6.visit(n.参观)
( )7.downstairs
( )8.disagreement
( )9.hard-working
( )10.water(v.浇水)
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Look! It is raining ________ (heavy).We can't go out with friends.
2.Planting some flowers in your garden is very ________ (help) in attracting bees.
3.It's ________ (polite) to talk loudly in public places.
4.The father is always a real ________ (fight) in his daughter's heart.
5.We should reduce ________ (pollute) to protect the environment.
6.The little girl was full of ________ (happy) when she saw her birthday gift.
7.It is ________ (possible) to finish the work in such a short time.
8.Please think ________ (careful) before you make a decision.
9.This kind of bag is ________ (use) for carrying things.
10.The children were ________ (excite) when they heard the good news.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空(结合构词法)
1.My father ________ (final) agreed to buy me a new bike.
2.Alexander Bell was the ________ (invent) of the telephone.
3.The young man is very ________ (friend) to everyone.
4.We should help those ________ (home) people in need.
5.Waste is ________ (harm) to our environment, so we should reduce it.
6.We all need a ________ (health) environment to live in.
7.The movie was so ________ (interest) that we all liked it.
8.She looked ________ (surprise) when she heard the news.
9.You should ________ (build) your confidence step by step.
10.The ________ (grow) of the plant needs enough sunlight.
四、根据构词法猜测下列生词的含义
1.The little boy was speechless when he saw the gift.
speechless 的含义:________
2.I will not make friends with a dishonest person.
dishonest 的含义:________
3.We should recycle waste paper instead of throwing it away.
recycle 的含义:________
4.The worldwide population is growing fast.
worldwide 的含义:________
5.This kind of bag is reusable, so we can use it many times.
reusable 的含义:________
6.The news made him hopeful about the future.
hopeful 的含义:________
7.It's careless of you to make such a mistake.
careless 的含义:________
8.The movie was unforgettable for all of us.
unforgettable 的含义:________
五、写出下列合成词的中文意思
1.snowfall = snow + fall → ________
2.greenhouse = green + house → ________
3.toothpaste = tooth + paste → ________
4.earthquake = earth + quake → ________
5.homework = home + work → ________
6.football = foot + ball → ________
7.sunrise = sun + rise → ________
8.moonlight = moon + light → ________
第三部分:参考答案
一、判断构词方式
1.C(合成法——black + board)
2.A(派生法——un + happy)
3.B(转化法——名词→动词)
4.C(合成法——class + room)
5.A(派生法——care + ful)
6.B(转化法——动词→名词)
7.C(合成法——down + stairs)
8.A(派生法——dis + agreement)
9.C(合成法——hard + working)
10.B(转化法——名词→动词)
二、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空
1.heavily(heavy → 副词 -ly)
2.helpful(help → 形容词 -ful)
3.impolite(polite → 前缀 im- 表否定)
4.fighter(fight → 名词 -er,斗士)
5.pollution(pollute → 名词 -tion)
6.happiness(happy → 名词 -ness)
7.impossible(possible → 前缀 im- 表否定)
8.carefully(careful → 副词 -ly)
9.useful(use → 形容词 -ful)
10.excited(excite → 形容词 -ed,感到兴奋的)
三、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.finally(final → 副词 -ly)
2.inventor(invent → 名词 -or,发明家)
3.friendly(friend → 形容词 -ly,友好的)
4.homeless(home → 形容词 -less,无家可归的)
5.harmful(harm → 形容词 -ful,有害的)
6.healthy(health → 形容词 -y,健康的)
7.interesting(interest → 形容词 -ing,令人有趣的)
8.surprised(surprise → 形容词 -ed,感到惊讶的)
9.rebuild(build → 前缀 re-,重建)
10.growth(grow → 名词 -th,生长)
四、根据构词法猜测生词含义
1.说不出话的(speech + -less,没有语言)
2.不诚实的(dis- + honest,不诚实)
3.回收利用(re- + cycle,再次循环使用)
4.世界性的(world + wide,遍及世界的)
5.可重复使用的(re- + use + -able,能再次使用的)
6.充满希望的(hope + -ful,满怀希望的)
7.粗心的(care + -less,不小心的)
8.难以忘怀的(un- + forget + -able,无法忘记的)
五、写出合成词的中文意思
1.降雪
2.温室
3.牙膏
4.地震
5.家庭作业
6.足球
7.日出
8.月光
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