Unit4 Law and order单词讲义-2025-2026学年高中英语译林牛津版Book9

本讲义聚焦高中英语Book9 Unit 4重点词汇的系统学习，涵盖infringe、grant等19个核心词汇及短语，从多义项释义（如infringe的“触犯法规”“侵犯权益”）、固定搭配（如grant的被动结构、take it for granted）、派生词（如infringement、exclusive→exclude）到语境例句，构建从基础理解到灵活应用的完整学习支架。 该资料以语境化例句强化语言能力，如“infringe on free speech”等搭配训练词汇应用场景；通过派生词关联（如mysterious→mystery）培养思维品质，助力词义辨析与逻辑推理。课中辅助教师高效讲解词汇用法，课后便于学生自主梳理知识、查漏补缺，提升词汇记忆与实际运用能力。

Book9 Unit 4 Word Study（II） Integrated skills-Project 1. infringe ①vt. infringe sth: to break a law or rule (行动、计划等 ) 违背，触犯（法规） The material can be copied without infringing copyright. 这份材料可以复制，不会侵犯版权。 ②vt&vi infringe sth: to limit sb's legal rights 侵犯，侵害（合法权益） infringe civil liberties 侵犯公民的自由 ③~ on / upon sth 〔在某方面〕限制〔某人的自由〕 Some students argued that the rule infringed on their right to free speech. 一些学生争辩说，这一规定侵犯了他们言论自由的权利。 She refused to answer questions that infringed on her privacy. 她拒绝回答侵犯她隐私的问题。 infringement n.侵犯,违反 copyright infringement 对版权的侵犯 the infringement of human rights/liberty 对人权的/自由的侵犯 2. grant v. ① [often passive ] to agree to give sb what they ask for（尤指正式地或法律上）同意，准予，允许 grant sth/ sth is granted My request was granted. 我的请求得到批准。 grant sb sth = sb be granted sth/ grant sth to sb/sth I was granted permission to visit the palace. 我获准参观宫殿。 She was granted a divorce. 她获准离婚。 The bank finally granted me a £500 loan. =The bank finally granted a £500 loan to me. 银行终于同意给我贷款 500 英镑。 ② to admit that sth is true（勉强）承认，同意 grant(sb) (that)… He’s got talent, I grant you, but he doesn’t work hard enough. 他有天赋，这不假，但是他不够努力 I grant you that it looks good but it’s not exactly practical. 我承认你说的，它好看，但是并不实用。 ③ take it for granted that ... 认为...理所当然 take sb/sth for granted 视某人/某事为理所当然〔而对其不重视〕 He just took it for granted that he would pass the exam. 他还想当然地认为自己能通过考试呢 Her husband was always there and she just took him for granted. 她丈夫随时都在身边，她只是认为他理应如此。 3. exclusive adj. ①(个人或集体)专用的，专有的独有的，独占的； (a/an) exclusive rights/interview/coverage 特有权利/独家采访/独家报道 This offer is exclusive to readers of ‘The Sun’. 这是《太阳报》读者独享的优惠。 Exclusive access to Dafeng is being built and is said to be constructed by the end of next year. 通往大丰的专用通道正在建设，据说明年年底建成。 ② (团体、社团等)排外的 be mutually exclusive相互排斥 ③ be exclusive of sth 不包括某事物 OPP inclusive of sth Our prices are exclusive of sales tax. 我们的价格不包括销售税。 The price is for accommodation only, exclusive of meals. 此价只包括住宿，饭费除外。 exclude v. 不包括，把...排除在外；不放在考虑之列，防止...的发生 exclude sb/sth from (doing) sth Women are excluded from many professions. 妇女被排除在许多职业之外。 We can’t entirely exclude the possibility that the mountain fire will restart if treated improperly. 我们不能完全排除如果山火处理不当会有复燃的可能。 4. confidential adj. ①机密的，保密的；隐秘的，秘密的 a confidential government report 一份机密的政府报告 keep patients’ records completely confidential 对病人的病历完全保密 be regarded as strictly confidential (=completely confidential) 被视为绝对机密 She accused the media of leaking confidential information about her private life. 她指责媒体泄露有关她私生活的保密信息。 He lowered his voice to a confidential whisper. 他压低嗓音，用隐秘的口吻窃窃私语。 ②受信任的，委以机密的 a confidential secretary 机要秘书 5. formula (plural formulas or formulae) ① [c]公式；方程式；计算式 This formula is used to calculate the area of a circle. 这个公式用于计算圆的面积。 ② [c]分子式 CO is the formula for carbon monoxide. CO 是一氧化碳的分子式。 ③[c] a particular method of doing 方案；方法 a formula for sth/for doing sth a winning formula 法宝 search for a peace formula 寻找和平方案 a formula for the withdrawal 撤退的方案 They're trying to work out a peace formula acceptable to both sides in the dispute. 他们正在设法制订出一个争执双方都可以接受的和平方案。 There's no magic formula for a perfect marriage. 没有一个达到完美婚姻的神奇方法。 6. mysterious ① difficult to understand or explain; strange 神秘的；奇怪的；不易解释的 in mysterious circumstances He died in mysterious circumstances. 他的死因是个谜。 ② (especially of people ) 神秘的；陌生的 a mysterious stranger神秘的陌生人 mysteriously adv. 神秘地 mystery n. 神秘事物，难以理解的事物，谜 Mysteriously, the streets were deserted. 不知怎的，街上空无一人。 She was silent, smiling mysteriously. 她沉默不语，神秘地笑着。 The dark glasses give her an air of mystery. 这墨镜使她显得有些神秘。 7. narrate v. ① narrate sth: to tell a story 讲（故事）；叙述 SYN relate They three narrated the same events from three different perspectives. 他们三人从三个不同的角度叙述了同样的事件。 ② narrate sth: to speak the words that form the text of a documentary film给（纪录片）作解说 It was Zhao Zhongxiang that narrated the documentary of The World of Animals. 是赵忠祥为动物世界这个纪录片作的解说。 narration n. (尤指小说，电影或戏剧中的)叙述，讲述；解说，旁白 He has recorded the narration for the production. 他录制了这部作品的解说词。 narrative n.（尤指小说中的）描述，叙述 SYN story adj.叙述的; 叙事体的 narrative fiction 叙事小说 a gripping narrative of their journey 关于他们旅途扣人心弦的描述 narrator n. 叙述者，讲述者，旁白员 8. out of the way ①不再挡路，不再碍事 no longer stopping sb from moving or doing sth move/put/push sth out of the way Why don’t you tie your hair back, out of the way? 你为什么不把头发扎到后面去，省得碍事？ At the sight of a truck racing towards me, he swiftly pushed me out of the way. 看到一辆卡车向我疾驰而来，他快速把我推开。 ②结束，处理完 finished; dealt with I’d rather get the interview out of the way in the morning. 我宁愿上午就完成面试。 ③（用于否定句）奇特的，不寻常的，罕见的unusual She had obviously noticed nothing out of the way. 她显然没发现异常情况。 They live in a little mountain village quite out of the way. 他们住在一个相当偏僻的小山村。 9. accomplice n. 帮凶，共犯 Witness said the gunman immediately ran to a motorcycle ridden by an accomplice. 证人说该枪手立即向由一名同犯驾驶的摩托车跑去。 He is suspected as an accomplice of the murder. 他涉嫌为这次凶杀案的同谋。 10. on end ①连续地，不断地 The pandemic caused by Covid-19 has been affecting the whole world three years on end. 由新冠病毒引起的流行病已经影响全球连续三年。 He is a wonderful companion, with whom I can talk for hours on end. 他是个极好的伙伴，我们可以连续谈上几个小时。 ②竖着，直立着 Wet books should be placed on end with their pages kept apart. 湿的书应该竖着放，书页分开。 11. stained adj. 满是污痕的，沾有污渍的 paint-stained jeans 沾满油漆的牛仔裤 stain ① n.〔尤指液体形成的〕污迹，污点 remove/get rid of a stain 去污 wine/coffee/blood stain 红酒渍、咖啡渍、血迹 stubborn stains 顽固污渍 a stain on one’s character/name/reputation 某人性格/名声/名誉等方面的污点 ② v.（被）玷污；留下污渍stain(sth) (with sth) I hope it doesn't stain the carpet. 希望它别把地毯弄脏。 This carpet stains easily. 这块地毯不耐脏。 stain sth + adj. stain their fingers red 把他们的手指染成了红色 stain somebody’s name/honour/reputation 玷污，败坏（名声） 12. reason sth out 通过思考想出对策，推理出(结果) figure/work out We could not reason out which way the robbers escaped, because we were unable to find any trace of them.我们推断不出这些强盗从哪个方向逃跑的，因为我们找不到他们的任何踪迹。 13. exclaim v. (尤因强烈的情感或痛苦而)惊叫，呼喊 Feeling treated unfairly, Jack exclaimed angrily, “It’s unfair!” 感到被不公正对待，杰克气愤地喊道，“这不公平！” She opened her eyes and exclaimed in delight at the scene. 她睁开眼睛，看到这情景，高兴地叫出声来。 The spectacular sunrise made us exclaim in surprise. 壮观的日出让我们惊叹不已。 exclamation n.惊叫，感叹，感叹词 an exclamation mark 感叹号 exclamatory adj. 感叹的，叫喊的 an exclamatory sentence 感叹句 14. ring true 给人以真实的印象 These words still ring true today in my role as a journalist. 对一名记者来说，这些话至今仍然适用。 But the story plot doesn’t ring true. 但是故事情节不是这样的。 15. benefactor n. 捐款人，赞助人someone who gives money for a good purpose an anonymous benefactor of/to 一个匿名赞助者 a generous benefactor of the university 该大学一名慷慨的捐助人 16. shrug n./v. 耸肩，不把...当回事 shrugged/shrugging shrugged my shoulders 耸了耸我的肩膀 shrug sth off/aside 对…满不在乎，对…不屑一顾 Shrugging off/aside her injuries, she continued the game. 她受了伤，却继续比赛。 The boss shrugged aside the suggestion that he should have a break. 对于要求他休假的建议，老板根本不予理会。 with a shrug She glanced at us with a shrug. 她耸了耸肩瞥了我们一眼。 17. hazard ① n. 危险，危害 a fire/safety hazard 火灾/安全隐患 hazard lights危险警示灯 Growing levels of pollution represent a serious health hazard to/for the local population. 日益严重的污染对当地人民的健康构成了重大威胁。 a hazard(of sth/of doing sth) Everybody is aware of the hazards of smoking. 大家都明白吸烟的危害。 ② v. 试着提出；大胆猜测 hazard sth/that Would you like to hazard a guess? 你想猜猜看吗？ Is it Tom you're going with?’ she hazarded. “你要和汤姆一起去吗？”她大胆猜测道。 I would hazard that she is the sole reason we are here. 我猜想我们来这儿全是因为她。 ③hazard sth ( formal) to risk sth or put it in danger 冒…的风险；使处于危险 SYN endanger Careless drivers hazard other people's lives as well as their own. 粗心大意的驾驶者拿他人和自己的生命冒险。 hazardous adj.危险的；有害的 harmful/dangerous hazardous waste/chemicals 有害废物╱化学制品 a hazardous journey 危险的旅程 It would be hazardous to invest so much. 投资这么多会有风险。 18. probation n. 缓刑制，缓刑；试用期，见习期，考察期；试读 a period of probation 试用期 The prisoner was put on probation. 犯人已获缓刑。 He was given two years’ probation. 他被判缓刑两年。 Employees of the company are required probation of at least 6 months. 这家公司的员工至少需要六个月的试用期。 19. plead v. ( pleaded , pleaded NAmE also pled , pled / pled) ① pleading eyes 乞求的眼神 plead guilty (to sth) 认罪 ② plead with sb for sth/to do sth乞求/恳求 The lady pleaded with her daughter to come back home. 那位女士恳求她女儿回家。 He was kneeling on the floor pleading for mercy. 他正跪在地板上请求宽恕。 ③ plead sth 辩护；解释，推说; 以... 为借口 plead their case 陈述案情 He pleaded family problems for his lack of concentration. 他解释说注意力分散是因为家庭问题。 1 ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $