Unit 2 Help Yourself单元知识总结及重点易错（专项训练）-2026-2027学年教科版英语四年级上册

教科版 四年级上册 Unit 2 Help Yourself 单元知识总结及重点易错专项训练 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 说明：本练习紧扣最新教材精选 10 个重点易错考点，每个考点含基础题×3、提升题×3、拓展题×3，共 90 题。 ★ 重点单词（Words） help 帮助, yourself 你自己, himself 他自己, herself 她自己, themselves 他们自己, each 每个, other 其他的, share 分享, pass 传递, pour 倒, serve 服务, bowl 碗, plate 盘子, chopsticks 筷子, spoon 勺子, knife 刀, fork 叉, napkin 餐巾, food 食物, waste 浪费, clean 干净的, dirty 脏的 ★ 重点短语（Phrases） help yourself (to) 请自便/随便吃, help each other 互相帮助, pass me 递给我, pour...into 倒入, serve food 上菜, set the table 摆桌子, wash dishes 洗碗, clean up 清理, have dinner 吃晚饭, a bowl of 一碗, a plate of 一盘, of course 当然, do it myself 自己做, by himself 他自己做 ★ 重点句型（Key Sentences） 1. Help yourself to some fish. 请随便吃点鱼。 2. Can you pass me the chopsticks? 你能递给我筷子吗？ 3. Please pour the water into the glass. 请把水倒进杯子里。 4. She helps her mother cook dinner. 她帮妈妈做晚饭。 5. They help each other with homework. 他们互相帮助做作业。 6. Could you serve the food, please? 你能上菜吗？ 7. Don't waste food. 不要浪费食物。 8. Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 9. Would you like some soup? — Yes, please. 你想喝汤吗？—好的。 10. I can do it myself. 我能自己做。 11. He is too young to help himself. 他太小了不能照顾自己。 12. We should clean up after dinner. 我们应该饭后清理。 ★ 重点语法（Grammar） ① 反身代词：myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves，指代'某人自己' ② help sb. (to) do sth.：help后接动词原形或to do，不接动名词 ③ 祈使句：动词原形开头（Pass me.../Help yourself.）；否定用Don't...（Don't waste...） ④ Can/Could you + 动词原形？用于礼貌请求（Could比Can更礼貌） ⑤ pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 双宾语结构可互相转换 ⑥ 情态动词can/can't + 动词原形，表能力，无人称变化 ⑦ 名词复数：chopstick→chopsticks, dish→dishes, glass→glasses, knife→knives ⑧ 礼貌用语：Would you like...? / Of course. / Sure. / Thank you. / You're welcome. ⑨ 否定祈使句：Don't + 动词原形（Don't waste food. / Don't litter.） ⑩ 综合：餐桌礼仪场景——帮助他人、礼貌请求、自我服务、收拾清理 【考点一：反身代词 myself / yourself / himself / herself / themselves】 📌 反身代词表示"某人自己"，作宾语或同位语。第一二人称由"物主代词+-self/selves"构成，第三人称由"宾格+-self/selves"构成。 ● 基础题：（选择题） ◇（ ）1. Please help ____ to some soup, Bella. A. you B. your C. yourself 答案：C 解析：help yourself是固定搭配，意为"请自便/随便吃" ◇（ ）2. He can cook dinner by ____. A. him B. himself C. his 答案：B 解析：by oneself表示"独自/靠自己"，he对应himself ◇（ ）3. They enjoy ____ very much at the party. A. them B. their C. themselves 答案：C 解析：enjoy oneself表示"玩得开心"，they对应themselves ● 提升题：（选择题） ▷（ ）1. Olivia is only six, but she can dress ____. A. her B. hers C. herself 答案：C 解析：dress oneself表示"自己穿衣服"，she对应herself ▷（ ）2. Chen Wei and Jam are old enough to take care of ____. A. themselves B. themself C. theirselves 答案：A 解析：they的反身代词是themselves，复数加-selves ▷（ ）3. Which is WRONG? A. I can do it myself. B. She can do it herself. C. He can do it himselfs. 答案：C 解析：himself不是himselfs，反身代词没有-s结尾形式 ● 拓展题：（选择题） ★（ ）1. The rule: reflexive pronouns for "he" end with ____. A. -self B. -selves C. -selfves 答案：A 解析：he→himself，单数以-self结尾 ★（ ）2. In ____ (Qingdao), the host says "Help ____ to some fish!" A. your, yourself B. you, yourselves C. your, yourselves 答案：B 解析：help sb. to sth.中sb.用宾格you，复数用yourselves ★（ ）3. Transform: "She helps her brother." → Reflexive: "She does it ____." A. herself B. himself C. themselves 答案：A 解析：主语是she，反身代词用herself 【考点二：help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事】 📌 help后接动词时，用动词原形（美式）或to do（英式均可），绝不能接动名词doing。 ● 基础题：（选择题） ◇（ ）1. Olivia often helps her mother ____ dinner. A. cook B. to cooking C. cooking 答案：A 解析：help sb. do sth.，用动词原形cook ◇（ ）2. Jam helps his father ____ the car. A. wash B. washes C. washing 答案：A 解析：help sb. do sth.，用动词原形wash ◇（ ）3. Lily helps Bella ____ her homework. A. do B. does C. doing 答案：A 解析：help sb. do sth.，用动词原形do ● 提升题：（选择题） ▷（ ）1. Chen Wei helps his grandma ____ the room every day. A. clean B. cleans C. cleaning 答案：A 解析：help sb. do sth.，用动词原形clean ▷（ ）2. Which is WRONG? A. She helps me study. B. She helps me to study. C. She helps me studying. 答案：C 解析：help后不接动名词studying ▷（ ）3. Zhou Kai often helps Zhang Hao ____ English. A. learn B. learns C. learning 答案：A 解析：help sb. do sth.，用动词原形learn ● 拓展题：（选择题） ★（ ）1. The rule: after "help", use the verb in ____ form. A. original (base) B. -ing C. -ed 答案：A 解析：help sb. do sth.，动词用原形 ★（ ）2. In Xiamen, students ____ each other with homework. A. help B. helps C. helping 答案：A 解析：主语students复数，help用原形；help each other互助 ★（ ）3. Identify the correct pattern: help + ____ + do. A. sb. B. oneself C. each other 答案：A 解析：help sb. do sth.是help+人+动词原形的结构 【考点三：祈使句（动词原形开头 / Don't... / Please... / Let me...）】 📌 祈使句表示请求、命令、建议，主语you省略。肯定句以动词原形开头；否定句用Don't + 动词原形；Please可加在句首或句尾表礼貌；Let me/Let's表建议。 ● 基础题：（选择题） ◇（ ）1. ____ me pass the plate, please. A. Help B. Helps C. Helping 答案：A 解析：祈使句以动词原形开头，Help me... ◇（ ）2. ____ waste food. We should save it. A. Don't B. Not C. No 答案：A 解析：否定祈使句用Don't + 动词原形 ◇（ ）3. ____ set the table before dinner. A. Let's B. Let me C. Let us 答案：A 解析：Let's = Let us，表建议"让我们…" ● 提升题：（选择题） ▷（ ）1. Which is a correct imperative sentence? A. You clean the table. B. Clean the table. C. Cleans the table. 答案：B 解析：祈使句省去主语you，动词原形开头 ▷（ ）2. ____ talk loudly in the library. A. Don't B. Not C. No 答案：A 解析：否定祈使句：Don't + 动词原形 ▷（ ）3. Olivia says "____ help each other!" in class. A. Let's B. Let me C. Let we 答案：A 解析：Let's = Let us，后接动词原形help ● 拓展题：（选择题） ★（ ）1. The rule: an imperative sentence starts with a ____. A. verb in original form B. noun C. pronoun 答案：A 解析：祈使句以动词原形开头 ★（ ）2. In Kunming, the teacher says "____ quietly in the library." A. Read B. Reading C. To read 答案：A 解析：祈使句用动词原形Read ★（ ）3. Transform into negative: "Help yourself." → "____ help yourself." A. Don't B. Not C. No 答案：A 解析：祈使句变否定在句首加Don't 【考点四：Can / Could you...? 礼貌请求】 📌 Can you...? 用于日常礼貌请求；Could you...? 更礼貌委婉。回答用Sure./Of course./Sorry, I can't. 注意：could不是过去式，表更客气。 ● 基础题：（选择题） ◇（ ）1. — Can you pass me the chopsticks? — ____. A. Yes, I am. B. Sure. C. I can to. 答案：B 解析：Can you...?的肯定回答用Sure./Of course. ◇（ ）2. ____ you help me clean the table? A. Can B. Are C. Do 答案：A 解析：Can you help me...?表示"你能帮我…吗？" ◇（ ）3. — Could you serve the food? — ____. A. Yes, I could. B. Of course. C. I can't to. 答案：B 解析：Could you...?的肯定回答用Of course./Sure. ● 提升题：（选择题） ▷（ ）1. Which is the most polite? A. Pass me the bowl. B. Can you pass me the bowl? C. Could you pass me the bowl, please? 答案：C 解析：Could you...please?是最礼貌的请求方式 ▷（ ）2. — Can you pour me some water? — Sorry, ____. A. I can B. I don't C. I can't 答案：C 解析：Sorry后接I can't表示"抱歉，我不能" ▷（ ）3. Bella asks "____ you help me with the dishes?" A. Can B. Are C. Do 答案：A 解析：Can you help me...?是常见礼貌请求句型 ● 拓展题：（选择题） ★（ ）1. "Could you..." is more polite than "____ you..." A. Can B. Will C. Should 答案：A 解析：Could比Can更委婉礼貌 ★（ ）2. In Jinan, a waiter says "____ you like some tea?" A. Can B. Would C. Are 答案：B 解析：Would you like...?是礼貌询问"你想…吗？" ★（ ）3. Identify the correct response: "Can you help me?" — "____" A. Yes, I can. B. Sure. C. Both A and B. 答案：C 解析：Yes, I can.和Sure.都可以回答Can you...? 【考点五：pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 双宾语转换】 📌 pass可接双宾语：pass + 人 + 物 = pass + 物 + to + 人。注意间接宾语（人）在前时不用to；物在前时需加to。 ● 基础题：（选择题） ◇（ ）1. Please pass ____ the spoon. A. I B. me C. my 答案：B 解析：pass sb. sth.，sb.用宾格me ◇（ ）2. Pass the plate ____ Jam, please. A. to B. for C. at 答案：A 解析：pass sth. to sb.，物在前加to ◇（ ）3. Can you pass ____ the napkin? A. she B. her C. hers 答案：B 解析：pass sb. sth.，sb.用宾格her ● 提升题：（选择题） ▷（ ）1. Which two sentences have the SAME meaning? a) Pass me the bowl. b) Pass the bowl to me. c) Pass the bowl me. A. a and b B. a and c C. b and c 答案：A 解析：pass me the bowl = pass the bowl to me，a和b同义 ▷（ ）2. — Can you pass the salt ____ Olivia? — Sure. A. to B. for C. with 答案：A 解析：pass sth. to sb.，用to ▷（ ）3. Zhou Kai, please pass ____ the knife. A. he B. him C. his 答案：B 解析：pass sb. sth.，sb.用宾格him ● 拓展题：（选择题） ★（ ）1. The pattern: pass + ____ + ____ = pass + ____ + to + ____. A. sb., sth., sth., sb. B. sth., sb., sb., sth. C. sb., sth., sb., sth. 答案：A 解析：pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. ★（ ）2. In Qingdao, Mum says "Pass ____ the chopsticks, please." A. I B. me C. my 答案：B 解析：pass sb. sth.，sb.用宾格me ★（ ）3. Transform: "Pass Bella the spoon." → "Pass the spoon ____ Bella." A. to B. for C. at 答案：A 解析：双宾语转换：pass sb. sth. → pass sth. to sb. 【考点六：情态动词 can / can't + 动词原形（表能力）】 📌 can表示"能/会"，can't表示"不能/不会"。后接动词原形，无人称变化（不分单复数），否定直接加not→can't。 ● 基础题：（选择题） ◇（ ）1. Olivia ____ speak English very well. A. can B. cans C. can to 答案：A 解析：can无人称变化，后接动词原形speak ◇（ ）2. Chen Wei ____ swim fast. A. can B. can to C. cans 答案：A 解析：can无人称变化，后接动词原形swim ◇（ ）3. Jam ____ play basketball after school. A. can B. cans C. can to 答案：A 解析：can无人称变化，后接动词原形play ● 提升题：（选择题） ▷（ ）1. Which is WRONG? A. She can dance. B. She can dances. C. She can't dance. 答案：B 解析：can后接动词原形，不能加-s ▷（ ）2. — Can Bella cook dinner? — No, ____. A. she can't B. she can C. she don't 答案：A 解析：Can...?的否定回答用No, she can't. ▷（ ）3. Zhang Hao ____ ride a bike when he was five. A. can B. could C. will 答案：B 解析：过去的能力用could，when he was five提示过去时 ● 拓展题：（选择题） ★（ ）1. The rule: "can" has the ____ form for all subjects. A. same (no change) B. different C. -s for he/she/it 答案：A 解析：can无人称变化，所有人称都用can ★（ ）2. In Wuhan, the PE teacher asks "____ you run fast?" A. Can B. Are C. Do 答案：A 解析：询问能力用Can you...? ★（ ）3. Transform: "She can sing." → Negative: "She ____ sing." A. can't B. doesn't can C. not can 答案：A 解析：can的否定直接加not→can't 【考点七：名词复数变化（chopsticks / dishes / glasses / knives）】 📌 chopsticks（筷子）本身就是复数；dish→dishes（以sh结尾加es）；glass→glasses（以s结尾加es）；knife→knives（以fe结尾变ves）；fork→forks（直接加s）。 ● 基础题：（选择题） ◇（ ）1. I need two ____ for the soup. A. spoon B. spoons C. spoones 答案：B 解析：spoon复数直接加-s→spoons ◇（ ）2. We use ____ to eat Chinese food. A. chopstick B. a chopstick C. chopsticks 答案：C 解析：chopsticks本身就是复数，筷子成对使用 ◇（ ）3. Please wash the ____ after dinner. A. dish B. dishs C. dishes 答案：C 解析：dish以sh结尾，复数加es→dishes ● 提升题：（选择题） ▷（ ）1. Which is WRONG? A. two knives B. two glass C. two forks 答案：B 解析：glass复数应为glasses，以s结尾加es ▷（ ）2. Olivia bought three ____ for the party. A. glass B. glasses C. glasss 答案：B 解析：glass以s结尾，复数加es→glasses ▷（ ）3. Chen Wei sharpened his ____ this morning. A. knife B. knifes C. knives 答案：C 解析：knife以fe结尾，变ves→knives ● 拓展题：（选择题） ★（ ）1. The rule: "knife" → plural is "____" (change f to v + es). A. knives B. knifes C. knifees 答案：A 解析：knife变复数：f→v+es→knives ★（ ）2. In Xiamen, they use ____ to eat noodles. A. a chopstick B. chopstick C. chopsticks 答案：C 解析：chopsticks是复数形式，筷子成对用 ★（ ）3. "dish" ends with "sh", so plural adds ____. A. -es B. -s C. -ies 答案：A 解析：以sh结尾的名词加es变复数 【考点八：礼貌用语 Would you like...? / Of course. / Sure.】 📌 Would you like...? 用于礼貌地询问对方意愿（"你想…吗？"），比Do you want...?更客气。肯定回答常用Yes, please. / Sure. / Of course. 否定回答用No, thank you. ● 基础题：（选择题） ◇（ ）1. — Would you like some soup? — ____. A. Yes, please. B. Yes, I like. C. I would. 答案：A 解析：Would you like...?的肯定回答用Yes, please. ◇（ ）2. — Thank you for your help. — ____. A. You're welcome. B. I'm sorry. C. That's right. 答案：A 解析：感谢的回答用You're welcome./Not at all. ◇（ ）3. — Could you pass me the plate? — ____. A. I can't. B. Of course. C. I don't. 答案：B 解析：Could you...?的肯定回答用Of course./Sure. ● 提升题：（选择题） ▷（ ）1. Which is the most polite way to offer food? A. Eat this! B. Do you want some food? C. Would you like some food? 答案：C 解析：Would you like...?是最礼貌的询问方式 ▷（ ）2. — Sorry I'm late. — ____. A. Don't come again. B. That's OK. C. You're wrong. 答案：B 解析：道歉的回答用That's OK./Never mind./It doesn't matter. ▷（ ）3. Olivia says "____" when someone helps her. A. Thank you. B. You're welcome. C. Of course. 答案：A 解析：别人帮助你时应该说Thank you. ● 拓展题：（选择题） ★（ ）1. "Would you like...?" is more polite than "____" A. Do you want...? B. Can you...? C. Will you...? 答案：A 解析：Would you like...?比Do you want...?更礼貌 ★（ ）2. In Kunming, a host says "____ you like some tea?" A. Would B. Do C. Can 答案：A 解析：Would you like...?礼貌询问对方意愿 ★（ ）3. Identify the correct response to "Thank you": "____" A. You're welcome. B. Thank you. C. Sorry. 答案：A 解析：对Thank you的回答是You're welcome. 【考点九：否定祈使句 Don't + 动词原形】 📌 否定祈使句的结构是 Don't (Do not) + 动词原形，表示"不要做某事"。注意：Don't后面一定接动词原形，不接to do或doing。 ● 基础题：（选择题） ◇（ ）1. ____ waste food. We should save it. A. Don't B. Not C. No 答案：A 解析：否定祈使句：Don't + 动词原形waste ◇（ ）2. ____ run in the classroom. A. Don't B. Not C. No 答案：A 解析：否定祈使句：Don't + 动词原形run ◇（ ）3. ____ litter on the floor. Keep it clean. A. Don't B. Not to C. No 答案：A 解析：否定祈使句：Don't + 动词原形litter ● 提升题：（选择题） ▷（ ）1. Which is WRONG? A. Don't talk. B. Don't to talk. C. Don't run. 答案：B 解析：Don't后接动词原形，不接to do ▷（ ）2. The teacher says "____ be late for school." A. Don't B. Not C. No 答案：A 解析：Don't + be + 形容词，否定祈使句 ▷（ ）3. Chen Wei reminds Jam: "____ forget your homework!" A. Don't B. Not C. No 答案：A 解析：Don't forget... = 别忘了… ● 拓展题：（选择题） ★（ ）1. The structure of negative imperative: ____ + verb in original form. A. Don't B. Not C. No 答案：A 解析：否定祈使句结构：Don't + 动词原形 ★（ ）2. In Jinan, the sign says "____ waste water!" A. Don't B. Not to C. No 答案：A 解析：告示牌用Don't waste...表示"不要浪费" ★（ ）3. Transform into negative: "Talk in class." → "____ talk in class." A. Don't B. Not C. No 答案：A 解析：祈使句变否定在句首加Don't 【考点十：综合辨析——餐桌礼仪与互助全流程】 📌 综合运用本单元所有语法点：反身代词、help用法、祈使句、礼貌请求、双宾语、can表能力、名词复数、礼貌用语、否定祈使句，在餐桌场景中进行综合判断。 ● 基础题：（选择题） ◇（ ）1. At dinner, Mum says "Help ____ to some fish, kids!" A. yourself B. yourselves C. you 答案：B 解析：kids是复数，用yourselves；help yourself/yourselves请自便 ◇（ ）2. "Can you pass ____ the chopsticks?" asks Chen Wei. A. I B. me C. my 答案：B 解析：pass sb. sth.，sb.用宾格me ◇（ ）3. Lily is polite. She always says "____" when given food. A. Sorry B. Thank you C. Excuse me 答案：B 解析：收到食物时应说Thank you表示感谢 ● 提升题：（选择题） ▷（ ）1. Which sentence uses reflexive pronoun CORRECTLY? A. He can do it himself. B. Him can do it himself. C. He can do it himselfs. 答案：A 解析：himself是正确反身代词形式 ▷（ ）2. In ____ (Wuhan), the family says "____ each other!" at the table. A. Help B. Helps C. Helping 答案：A 解析：祈使句用动词原形Help；help each other互助 ▷（ ）3. Choose the BEST order: 1) Pass me the plate. 2) Don't waste food. 3) Help yourself. A. 1→2→3 B. 3→1→2 C. 2→1→3 答案：B 解析：先请自便(3)，再递盘子(1)，最后提醒别浪费(2)符合餐桌礼仪逻辑 ● 拓展题：（选择题） ★（ ）1. In Qingdao, Grandma says: "Help ____ (you) to some soup, children!" The correct word is ____. A. yourself B. yourselves C. you 答案：B 解析：children是复数，反身代词用yourselves ★（ ）2. The complete polite request: "____ (Can/Could) you pass ____ (I/me) the napkin, ____ (please/sorry)?" A. Could, me, please B. Can, I, sorry C. Could, I, please 答案：A 解析：Could比Can更礼貌，pass后接宾格me，句尾加please更客气 ★（ ）3. Best summary of this unit's grammar rule for imperatives: A. Always use Don't. B. Use verb base form; Don't + verb base for negative. C. Always add please. 答案：B 解析：祈使句用动词原形；否定用Don't + 动词原形 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $