2026-2027学年暑假预习Unit 1知识清单 2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

2026-2027学年暑假预习Unit 1 八年级英语上册新教材外研版 知识清单 内容导航 预习航标 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标​ 1. 词汇：掌握 freckle（雀斑）、nervous、doubt、fear、succeed、stick、athlete、strength、weakness 等核心单词，熟记 instead of、hold back、stick to、to one’s surprise、feel like、as long as、have got to 等单元必考短语，能在自我介绍语境灵活运用。 2. 句型：吃透课文重点句式（instead of doing、with 复合结构、as long as 引导条件句、It’s +adj. to do），能复述 Emma 雀斑、运动员 Wang Lin 两篇课文关键语句。 3. 语法：熟练掌握现在完成时基本结构（have/has+done），分清 already/yet/just/never 位置与用法，区分现在完成时与一般过去时基础差异，能完成句式改写、选词填空。 4. 输出：能用本单元词句撰写简短自我介绍演讲稿，完成单元写作（介绍自身优缺点、成长变化）。 学习重点​ 1. 高频短语辨析（instead of、hold back、stick to、feel like）的语境运用； 2. 现在完成时基本结构、标志词（already/yet/ever/never）用法； 3. 反身代词变形及固定搭配（enjoy oneself、teach oneself）。 学习难点​ 1. 现在完成时过去分词不规则变形，for/since 辨析、现在完成时 vs 一般过去时区分； 2. with 复合结构、instead of 后接非谓语的用法； 3. 结合本单元主题，完整组织语言，有条理地进行英文自我介绍与成长经历写作。 02 教材全解 一、核心单词与短语清单（默写版） A. 重点单词默写 英译中（根据英文写出对应中文释义） 1．birthmark (n.) ________ → 可换 freckle (n.) ________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 2．nervous (adj.) ________ 3．doubt (n./v.) ________ 4．fear (n./v.) ________ 5．succeed (v.) ________ 6．stick (v.) ________ 7．athlete (n.) ________ 8．strength (n.) ________ 9．weakness (n.) ________ 10．impossible (adj.) ________ 11．themselves (pron.) ________ 12．herself (pron.) ________ 中译英（根据中文写出英文单词） 1．胎记 (n.) ________ → 可换 雀斑 (n.) ________ 2．紧张的 (adj.) ________ 3．怀疑 (n./v.) ________ 4．恐惧 (n./v.) ________ 5．成功 (v.) ________ 6．坚持；粘 (v.) ________ 7．运动员 (n.) ________ 8．优点；力量 (n.) ________ 9．缺点 (n.) ________ 10．不可能的 (adj.) ________ 11．他们自己 (pron.) ________ 12．她自己 (pron.) ________ B. 必考短语默写 英译中（根据英文写出对应中文意思） 1．instead of ________ 2．hold back ________ 3．stick to ________ 4．to one’s surprise ________ 5．on one’s own ________ 6．feel like ________ 7．as long as ________ 8．have got to ________ 9．succeed in doing ________ 10．make history ________ 中译英（根据中文写出英文短语） 1．代替；而不是 ________ 2．阻碍；抑制 ________ 3．坚持 ________ 4．令某人惊讶的是 ________ 5．独自 ________ 6．感觉像；想要 ________ 7．只要 ________ 8．必须；不得不 ________ 9．成功做某事 ________ 10．创造历史 ________ 二、考点精讲 1. I guess everyone has something they are not proud of about themselves.(P4) 我想每个人都有对自己不满意的地方。 【详解】 1）guess 动词，意为“猜想、认为”，后接宾语从句，常用短句 I guess so./I don’t guess so. 例：I guess she will join our club. 2）形容词修饰不定代词 something/nothing/anything 时，形容词后置。 例：I have something strange to tell you. 3）everyone 作主语，指代自身时反身代词用 themselves。 例：Everyone should believe themselves. 4）定语从句 they are not proud of 修饰先行词 something，省略关系代词 that。 例：I like the gift (that) you made. 【典例】I ______ (guess) he ______ (have) his own weak points. A. guess; has B. guesses; have C. guess; have 【即练 1】I don’t guess ______ (anything/something) is perfect.（变形） 【即练 2】Everyone should learn to accept ______ (they).（反身代词变形） 2. Instead of hiding her face, Lucy looked straight into my eyes.(P4) 露西没有遮住脸，而是直视我的眼睛。 【详解】 1）instead of 为介词短语，后接名词、代词、动名词 doing，不能加动词原形。 例：I go to school by bus instead of walking. 2）instead 是副词，单独使用，放在句首或句末，不加 of，无需搭配非谓语。 例：I don’t eat meat. Instead, I eat fish. 【典例】He went to the park on foot instead of ______ (take) a bus. A. take B. taking C. to take 【即练 1】I want water instead ______ juice.(介词填空) 【即练 2】She didn’t cry. ______, she smiled.(用 instead 改写) 3. With so many friends beside me, my nervousness went away.(P4) 身边有这么多朋友，我的紧张消失了。 【详解】 with 复合结构：with + 宾语 + 宾补（名词 / 形容词 / 介词短语 /doing/done），在句中作伴随、原因状语。 ①with + 宾语 + 介词短语：With a smile on her face, she came in. ②with + 宾语 + doing（主动）：With birds singing, we walk in the park. ③with + 宾语 + done（被动）：With the work done, I can rest. ④with + 宾语 + 形容词：With the door open, it’s cool indoors. 【典例】______ lots of classmates supporting me, I finished my speech quickly. A. Under B. With C. For 【即练 1】With the window ______(close), the room is warm. 【即练 2】With homework ______(finish), he can go out to play. 4. It felt just like a warm hug.(P4) 那感觉就像一个大大的拥抱。 【详解】 1）feel like + 名词：感觉像…… 例：The soft toy feels like a baby. 2）feel like + doing sth = would like to do：想要做某事 例：I feel like drinking tea.=I’d like to drink tea. 【典例】—Would you like to play outside? —I feel like ______ at home. A. stay B. staying C. to stay 【即练 1】I feel like ______(eat) some fresh fruit. 【即练 2】It feels ______ rain.(介词) 5. To my surprise, Lucy drew a yellow star on her own cheek!(P5) 令我惊讶的是，露西在自己脸颊上画了一颗黄星！ 【详解】 1）to one’s + 名词（surprise/joy/sadness）：令某人……的是，句首首字母大写。 例：To my joy, I passed the exam. 2）on one’s own = by oneself：独自、靠自己。 例：He finishes his task on his own.=He finishes his task by himself. 【典例】______ our surprise, he won the first prize. A. To B. For C. At 【即练 1】______(to) my surprise, she accepted me.(首字母大写) 【即练 2】He finished the painting ______(he)=on his own. 6. I haven't told Lucy yet how she has encouraged me.(P5) 我还没有告诉露西她是怎样鼓励了我的。 【详解】 1）现在完成时否定：have/has + not + 过去分词。 例：I haven’t eaten breakfast yet. 2）already 用于肯定句，放在 have/has 之后；yet 多用于否定、疑问句句尾。 例：She has already left. / Have you heard yet? 【典例】—______ you ______(show) him the photo yet? —Not yet. A. Have; shown B. Has; shown C. Did; show 【即练 1】I ______ (not finish) my diary yet. 【即练 2】She has ______ (already/yet) learnt to accept her freckles. 7. I have already realised that I am what I am.(P5) 我已经意识到要接纳本来的自己。 【详解】 1）现在完成时肯定：have/has+done，already 置于助动词之后。 例：We have already finished the work. 2）realise 两种变形：realised/realized 均为过去分词（英式/美式）。 例：I have realised the truth. 3）what 引导表语从句，在从句中充当成分。 例：My hope is what you can stay. 【典例】My sister ______ already ______ (accept) her weaknesses. A. has; accepted B. have; accept C. is; accepting 【即练 1】We ______ (learn) lots from this story already. 【即练 2】______ (be) what you truly are is important. 8. Everyone has something special and different - that is what's fun.(P5) 每个人都有独特之处，这正是乐趣所在。 【详解】 1）形容词修饰不定代词 something/nothing/anything，形容词后置。 例：I need something cheap. 2）everyone/nobody/nothing 等不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 例：Nobody knows the secret. 【典例】There is ______ interesting in today’s newspaper. A. anything nothing B. nothing interesting C. interesting something 【即练 1】I want ______ (anything/something) sweet to eat.(肯定句) 【即练 2】Nobody ______ (be) perfect in the world. 9. However, doubts and fears often hold us back.(P12) 然而，疑虑和恐惧常常阻碍我们前行。 【详解】 1）however 副词，表转折，前后常用逗号隔开；but 连词，直接连接两个分句，不加逗号。 例：It rained. However, we went out.=It rained but we went out. 2）doubt 可数名词，many 后接复数 doubts。 例：He has many doubts about the plan. 3）hold back 固定短语：阻碍、抑制。 【典例】He is very tired. ______, he keeps working hard. A. But B. However C. Because 【即练 1】He has many (doubt) about his ability.(复数) 【即练 2】(But/However), I still want to have a try. 10. Never let your size hold you back.(P13) 永远不要让身材束缚你。 【详解】 1）let sb do sth：let 后接不带 to 的动词原形。 例：Let me help you. 2）hold sb back from doing sth：阻碍某人做某事，from 可省略。 例：Bad weather held us back from going hiking. 【典例】Don’t let fear hold you back ______ ______(try) your dream. A. to try B. from trying C. try 【即练 1】She tried hard to hold back ______(cry). 【即练 2】Nothing can hold us ______ going forward. 11. Nothing is impossible as long as you try and stick to it.(P13) 只要勇于尝试并坚持，万事皆有可能。 【详解】 1）nothing 作主语，谓语动词单数；im- 为否定前缀，possible→impossible。 例：Nothing is easy. 2）as long as 引导条件状语从句：只要。 例：You can pass as long as you study hard. 3）stick to 中 to 是介词，后接名词 /doing，不加动词原形。 例：I stick to getting up early. 【典例】He sticks to ______(practise) reading every morning. A. practise B. practising C. to practise 【即练 1】Nothing ______(be) difficult if you put your heart into it. 【即练 2】I stick to ______(write) diaries every day. 12. In 2016, he clocked 10.20 seconds and made history.(P13) 2016 年，他跑出 10.20 秒，创造历史。 【详解】 1）clock v.（体育）跑出……成绩，过去式 clocked。 例：He clocked 10 seconds in the race. 2）make history 创造历史；in + 过去年份，句子用一般过去时。 例：In 2008, China made sports history. 【典例】The player ______(clock) a new record last month. A. clock B. clocked C. clocks 【即练 1】They ______(make) history in the sports meeting last year. 【即练 2】The athlete ______(clock) 11 seconds yesterday. 13. Wang fought his fears and became a sporting hero.(P13) 王战胜恐惧，成为体育英雄。 【详解】 1）fight-fought-fought 不规则变形；fight one’s fears 战胜恐惧，fight against 对抗。 例：We fight against difficulties every day. 2）and 连接并列谓语，前后时态保持一致。 例：He got up and washed his face. 【典例】She fought her shyness and ______(win) the speech game. A. win B. won C. wins 【即练 1】We fought hard and ______(succeed) at last. 【即练 2】We should fight ______ our own weakness.(介词) 14. He succeeded in ______ the 100-metre race in 2021.(P13) 2021 年他在百米比赛中取得成功。 【详解】 单词变形：succeed (v.)→success (n.)→successful (adj.)；固定搭配 succeed in doing sth 成功做某事。 例：He succeeded in passing the exam.=His success makes us happy.=He is successful. 【典例】He succeeded in ______(break) the school running record last term. A. break B. breaking C. to break 【即练 1】She is a ______ (succeed) runner. 【即练 2】His ______(succeed) makes us proud. 15. I have got to know more about myself these years.(P16 演讲稿句型) 这些年来我越来越了解自己。 【详解】 1）have got to = have to：必须、不得不。 例：I have got to finish homework first. 2）these years / since + 过去时间，现在完成时标志；反身代词匹配主语。 例：You should believe yourself. 【典例】We ______ (get) to know each other since last term. A. have got B. got C. get 【即练 1】He ______(get) used to his new look already. 【即练 2】You should know ______(you) better. 03 过关检测（同步练习） 一、单词拼写 1. Everyone has his own ______ (优点) and weaknesses. 2. Don’t let the ______ (恐惧) stop you from trying. 3. He is a famous ______ (运动员) in our school team. 4. It’s i______ to learn all the subjects well in one day. 5. She hurt ______ (她自己) when climbing the hill yesterday. 二、单项选择 1. I have ______ finished my reading, but my brother hasn’t finished ______. A. already; yet B. yet; already C. already; already 2. He decided ______ running every day to keep fit. A. practise B. to practise C. practising 3. With many students ______ me, I solved the problem easily. A. help B. helping C. helps 4. —Have you ______ been to the Great Wall? —Never. A. ever B. never C. just 5. We enjoyed ______ at the self-introduction meeting last week. A. us B. ourselves C. our 6. Nothing ______ difficult if you stick ______ your dream. A. is; to B. are; to C. is; / 7. I don’t feel like ______ out because it is too cold. A. go B. going C. to go 8. He ______ in this town since 2020. A. lives B. has lived C. lived 9. Instead of ______ computer games, he reads books every evening. A. play B. playing C. to play 10. She succeeded ______ passing the speaking test. A. in B. to C. for 三、用所给词适当形式填空 1. They ______ (realise) to accept their differences already. 2. With the wind ______ (blow), we put on our coats. 3. My sister teaches ______ (she) French in her free time. 4. It’s ______ (possible) to run as fast as a car for humans now. 5. He ______ (finish) his speech yesterday afternoon. 四、完成句子 1. 只要努力，没有什么不可能。 Nothing is impossible ______ ______ you work hard. 2. 不要让害羞阻碍你的进步。 Don’t let shyness ______ you ______. 3. 她没有看电视，而是去弹钢琴了。 She played the piano ______ ______ watching TV. 4. 我已经学会接纳自己的不完美。 I ______ ______ to accept my imperfection. 5. 我们上周在派对上玩得很开心。 We ______ ______ at the party last week. 五、阅读理解 Emma had small freckles on her face. She disliked them very much and always wore a mask to cover them. She felt nervous when others looked at her face. One day, a new classmate Lucy sat beside her. Instead of looking away, Lucy said her freckles were like little brown stars. The next day, Lucy drew a yellow star on her own cheek to make Emma happy. From then on, Emma changed a lot. She has learnt everyone is special in their own ways and accepts her freckles happily. The story of Wang Lin, a school athlete, also teaches her nothing is impossible as long as you stick to your dream. 1. Why did Emma wear a mask at first? A. She liked masks. B. To cover her freckles. C. Her mother asked her to. 2. What did Lucy think of Emma’s freckles? A. Ugly. B. Like little brown stars. C. Just common dots. 3. What did Lucy do the next day? A. Wore a mask. B. Drew a star on her face. C. Helped Emma draw stars. 4. Which sentence is TRUE according to the passage? A. Emma still hates her freckles now. B. Emma learns everyone is special. C. Wang’s story makes Emma give up. 5. What can we learn from the story? A. We should accept our own differences. B. We must change our looks. C. It’s easy to change others’ ideas. 六、完形填空 Everyone has something different. I used __1__ dislike my short height. I felt bad when classmates talked about it. I wanted to change it, __2__ I couldn’t. With my best friend’s help, I changed my mind little by little. She didn’t stay away from me __3__ looking away. Instead, she told me my height made me special. I have already __4__ to accept myself these years. Nothing is impossible as long as I stick __5__ being myself. （ ）1. A. to B. for C. of （ ）2. A. and B. but C. so （ ）3. A. instead B. instead of C. because （ ）4. A. learn B. learnt C. learning （ ）5. A. to B. in C. at 参考答案 一、核心单词与短语默写版答案 重点单词 A. 英译中： 1. birthmark 胎记 → freckle 雀斑 2. 紧张的 3. 怀疑 4. 恐惧 5. 成功 6. 坚持；粘 7. 运动员 8. 优点；力量 9. 缺点 10. 不可能的 11. 他们自己 12. 她自己 B. 中译英： 1. birthmark → freckle 2. nervous 3. doubt 4. fear 5. succeed 6. stick 7. athlete 8. strength 9. weakness 10. impossible 11. themselves 12. herself 必考短语 A. 英译中： 1. 代替；而不是 2. 阻碍；抑制 3. 坚持 4. 令某人惊讶的是 5. 独自 6. 感觉像；想要 7. 只要 8. 必须；不得不 9. 成功做某事 10. 创造历史 B. 中译英： 1. instead of 2. hold back 3. stick to 4. to one’s surprise 5. on one’s own 6. feel like 7. as long as 8. have got to 9. succeed in doing 10. make history 二、考点精讲即练答案 1. 典例：A (guess; has)　即练1: anything　即练2: themselves 2. 典例：B (taking)　即练1: of　即练2: Instead 3. 典例：B (With)　即练1: closed　即练2: finished 4. 典例：B (staying)　即练1: eating　即练2: like 5. 典例：A (To)　即练1: To　即练2: himself 6. 典例：A (Have; shown)　即练1: haven’t finished　即练2: already 7. 典例：A (has; accepted)　即练1: have learnt　即练2: To be 8. 典例：B (nothing interesting)　即练1: something　即练2: is 9. 典例：B (However)　即练1: doubts　即练2: However 10. 典例：B (from trying)　即练1: crying　即练2: from 11. 典例：B (practising)　即练1: is　即练2: writing 12. 典例：B (clocked)　即练1: made　即练2: clocked 13. 典例：B (won)　即练1: succeeded　即练2: against 14. 典例：B (breaking)　即练1: successful　即练2: success 15. 典例：A (have got)　即练1: has got　即练2: yourself 三、过关检测同步练习答案 一、单词拼写 1. strengths　2. fear　3. athlete　4. impossible　5. herself 二、单项选择 1. A　2. B　3. B　4. A　5. B　6. A　7. B　8. B　9. B　10. A 三、用所给词适当形式填空 1. have realised　2. blowing　3. herself　4. impossible　5. finished 四、完成句子 1. as long as　2. hold; back　3. instead of　4. have learnt　5. enjoyed ourselves 五、阅读理解 1. B　2. B　3. B　4. B　5. A 六、完形填空 1. A (used to)　2. B (but)　3. B (instead of)　4. B (learnt, 现在完成时 have+done)　5. A (stick to) $