Unit 2 Safety（知识清单）英语新教材北师大版八年级上册

该初中英语Unit 2 Safety知识清单全面梳理安全主题内容，涵盖主题词汇、实用短语、交际句型、核心语法及写作模块，搭建从词汇积累（含音标、搭配、例句）到句型运用（如紧急情况询问）再到综合写作的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类呈现与表格对比构建知识体系，如核心语法用表格区分must（主观义务）、have to（客观必要）、should（建议）的用法及区别，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。写作提供话题框架和素材库，练习题覆盖选择、填空等题型，不同基础学生可高效掌握，教师可直接用于教学设计，提升教学针对性与实效。

Unit 2 Safety 主 题 词 汇 1. /ˈseɪfti/n.安全；平安 搭配personal safety（人身安全）、safety rules（安全规则） 例：Safety is the most important thing in life.（安全是生活中最重要的事） 2. /iˈmɜːdʒənsi/n.紧急情况；突发事件 搭配in an emergency（在紧急情况下）、emergency numbers（紧急电话） 例：We should keep calm in an emergency.（紧急情况下我们要保持冷静） 3. /ˈæksɪdənt/n.事故；意外 搭配traffic accident（交通事故）、avoid accidents（避免事故） 例：He was hurt in a car accident.（他在一场车祸中受伤了） 4. /ˈɜːθkweɪk/n.地震 搭配survive an earthquake（地震中幸存） 例：People should learn how to protect themselves during an earthquake.（人们应该学习地震中自救的方法） 5. /ˈstreɪndʒə(r)/n.陌生人 搭配talk to strangers（和陌生人说话） 例：Children shouldn't accept gifts from strangers.（孩子不应该接受陌生人的礼物） 6. /wɔːn/v.警告；提醒 搭配warn sb. of sth.（警告某人某事） 例：The teacher warned us of the danger of swimming in rivers.（老师警告我们在河里游泳有危险） 7. /prəˈtekt/v.保护；防护 搭配protect oneself（保护自己）、protect from（免受……伤害） 例：We need to protect ourselves from online dangers.（我们需要保护自己免受网络危险） 短 语 1. 求救；呼吁帮助 When you are in danger, you can call for help by phone.（遇到危险时，你可以打电话求救） 2. 实施急救 He gave first aid to the injured person before the ambulance arrived.（救护车到达前，他对伤者实施了急救） 3. 保持安全 Following safety rules can help us stay safe.（遵守安全规则能帮我们保持安全） 4. 遵守安全规则 Everyone must follow safety rules in public places.（每个人在公共场所都必须遵守安全规则） 5. 远离 Keep away from trees during a thunderstorm.（雷雨天气要远离树木） 6. 留意；当心 Look out for cars when crossing the street.（过马路时要留意车辆） 7. 打破窗户 Use a hammer to break windows if you are trapped in a car.（被困在车里时，用锤子打破窗户） 8. 拯救生命 Safety knowledge can save lives in emergencies.（安全知识能在紧急情况下拯救生命） 9. 照顾；保管 Take good care of your personal belongings in crowded places.（在拥挤场所照看好个人物品） 10. 网络安全 We should pay attention to online safety when surfing the Internet.（上网时要注意网络安全） 11. 保持冷静 Its important to keep calm in a fire.（火灾中保持冷静很重要） 12. 避免危险 Learning safety tips can help us avoid danger.（学习安全提示能帮我们避免危险） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 1.询问紧急情况做法：What should we do in + 紧急情况？ 遇到……（紧急情况）我们该做什么？ A: ? B: （A：遇到地震我们该做什么？B：我们应该躲在结实的桌子下面） 2.给出安全建议：We should/must + 动词原形. 我们应该/必须…… .（我们离开家前必须关好窗户） 3.说明客观必要：We have to + 动词原形.我们不得不…… .（我们不得不学习急救技能） 强调客观条件要求必须做，区别于must的主观义务 4.说明无必要：We Don't have to + 动词原形. 我们没必要…… （我们没必要带食物去派对） 表做某事不是必需的，可灵活选择 5.描述安全设备用途：… is used to + 动词原形. ……是用来做……的。 （灭火器是用来扑灭小火的）用于解释安全设备的功能，be used to后接动词原形 6.询问安全性：Is it safe to + 动词原形 + 地点/情境？在……（地方/情境）做……安全 A: Wi-Fi? B: No, it may not be safe to share personal information.（A：使用公共Wi-Fi安全吗？B：不安全，分享个人信息可能有风险） 语法 1.must, have to的基本用法 2.情态动词should 3.复合不定代词 写作 写一篇和安全有关的文章。 ①有关日常生活中安全方面的规则或建议等; ②介绍灾难发生时的安全准则; ③有关互联网或手机使用方面的规则或建议等。 一、知识点精讲 1.useful的常见搭配 be useful to do sth.对做某事有用 be useful to sb.对某人有用 be useful for sth.对某事有用 be useful for doing sth.对做某事有用 It is useful us to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语对我们来说是有用的。 This information is useful us. 这条信息对我们有用。 He just knew that X-rays were new and useful science. 他只知道Ⅹ射线是新的，并且对科学有用。 This tool is useful for repairing cars.这个工具对修理小汽车有用。 2.take care of 意为“照顾，照料” 相当于短语 look after 含take的其他常见短语 take off take turns take out take part in take up take exercise 3.“It`s+adj.+to do sth.”为固定句型，意为“做某事是··的”。 (1)“It's+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”句型，表示“对某人来说做某事是··的”。形容词描述的是事物的特征、特点。 It is not easy Judy to learn Chinese.对朱迪来说,学中文不容易。 (2)“It's+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.”句型，表示“某人做某事真是太··了”。形容词描述的是人的性格、品质等。 It is very careless him to leave the door open at night.他夜间敞着门真是太粗心了。 4.difficult 作形容词，意为“困难的，费力的，难做的，难解的” （1）be difficult for sb.是对某人来说困难的 it is difficult(forsb.)to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是困难的 （2）sth. is difficult to do某事/物是难···的 a difficult task/problem一项艰巨的任务/一个难题 Asking for help is difficult some people.寻求帮助对有些人来说是困难的。 It's difficult me to make a sky lantern.对我来说做一盏天灯很难。 The box is difficult carry.这个箱子很难搬。 延伸 difficulty 为 difficult 的名词形式 当 difficulty 作抽象意义的“困难”讲时，为不可数名词；当作具体意义的“困难”讲时，如难事、难点、难题等，为可数名词，其复数形式为 difficulties。difficulty 的常见搭配有： have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 have difficulty in/with sth.在……方面有困难 in difficulty=in trouble处于困境中 He has difficulty in) the math problem.他解这道数学题有困难。 We should help the friends .我们应该帮助处于困境中的朋友。 5.safety n.安全，平安；安全性 in safety安全地；平安地安全，平安 for safety为了安全起见 Read the following rules.阅读以下安全准则。 They arrived at the destination in .他们安全地到达了目的地。 We locked the door for .为了安全起见，我们把门锁上了。 People worry about food .人们担心食品安全。 延伸 Safe adj.安全的；平安的 Safely adv.安全地;平安地 When you are on the road, you must always follow the rules of cycling.当你在路上时，你必须始终遵守安全骑行的规则。 You must use fire in the kitchen.你必须在厨房里安全地使用火源。 6.risk作名词，意为“危险，风险”。 其常用短语有： at risk处于危险中 take a risk/risks冒险 at the risk of doing sth.冒着做某事的风险 Hundreds of thousands of people are .有几十万人正处于危险中。 Don't . 不要冒险。 At the of being rude, I have to ask you how old you are.尽管有些冒犯,但我不得不问一下你的年龄。 二、核心语法精讲 1.must/mustn't + have to/Don't have to 2.should/shouldn't 3.不定代词详解 1. must/mustn't（单元核心考点） 用法 结构 例句 说明 表义务（必须做） 主语 + must + 动词原形 You must follow the traffic rules.（你必须遵守交通规则） 主观强调“义务/责任”，说话者认为必须做 表禁止（不许做） 主语 + mustn't + 动词原形 You mustn't touch the electrical equipment with wet hands.（你不许用湿手碰电器） 强调“违反规则/有危险”，语气强烈 2. have to/Don't have to（单元核心考点） 用法 结构 例句 说明 表客观必要（不得不做） 主语 + have/has to + 动词原形 She has to stay at home to look after her little sister.（她不得不留在家里照顾妹妹） 客观条件限制必须做，区别于must的主观义务 表无必要（没必要做） 主语 + Don't/doesn't have to + 动词原形 We Don't have to finish the work today.（我们没必要今天完成工作） 表做某事不是必需的，可选择不做 3. should/shouldn't（单元核心考点） 用法 结构 例句 说明 表建议（应该做） 主语 + should + 动词原形 You should check the weather before a trip.（你应该在旅行前查看天气） 语气委婉，给出合理建议 表不建议（不应该做） 主语 + shouldn't + 动词原形 You shouldn't stay up late before an exam.（考试前你不应该熬夜） 提醒对方避免不当行为 4. 不定代词（单元核心考点） 类别 常见代词 用法 单元例句 指人 someone/somebody（某人）、anyone/anybody（任何人）、no one/nobody（没人） someone用于肯定句；anyone用于否定句/疑问句；no one表否定 Someone may use your personal information in the wrong way.（有人可能不当使用你的个人信息） 指物 something（某物）、anything（任何事物）、nothing（没什么） something用于肯定句；anything用于否定句/疑问句；nothing表否定 There is nothing dangerous in this box.（这个盒子里没什么危险的东西） 修饰规则 形容词需放在不定代词之后 - We need to do something useful to improve safety.（我们需要做些有用的事来提升安全性） 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元的话题是“安全”,要求学生根据内容提示写一篇和安全有关的文章。该话题通常以说明文或应用文(如书信、电子邮件或演讲稿等)的形式出现,时态通常是一般现在时。该话题通常涉及的细分话题有:①有关日常生活中安全方面的规则或建议等;②介绍灾难发生时的安全准则;③有关互联网或手机使用方面的规则或建议等。 2. 写作框架 安全对每个人都很重要。请根据以下提示,写一篇关于校园安全的英语小短文。 提示词语:focus, take care, each other, quarrel, ask sb. for help 内容提示:1.What should you do when you are doing sports? 2.What should you do when you go upstairs or downstairs? 3.What should you do when you have difficulties? 4.How should you get on with others? 要求:1.短文要包含以上内容提示,可以适当发挥; 2.50词以上;3.所给提示词语仅供选用;4.请不要写出你的校名和姓名。 3. 写作素材 （1）take care小心,当心　 （2）get injured受伤　 （3）do sports 做运动　 （4）go upstairs or downstairs上楼或下楼　 （5）get on well with...与……相处融洽　 （6）ask sb. for help请求某人帮助 （7）in a hurry 匆忙地　 （8）call for help呼救　 （9）fall down摔倒     （10）get hurt受伤　 （11）in danger在危险中　 （12）make sure确保　 （13）stay away from 远离　 （14）help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 （15）To save time, deliverymen often break traffic rules, putting not only their own lives in danger, but the lives of others as well.为了节省时间,外卖骑手经常违反交通规则,不仅把自己的生命置于危险之中,也把别人的生命置于危险之中。 4. 范文背诵 一．单项选择 1.Being on time is important. ______ late for anything all the time. A.Don't be　 B.Not be C.Not to be　　 D.Not being 2.Many students didn't ______ the importance of study until they left school. A.use　　　　 B.provide C.compare　　　 D.realise 3.—Mum, can I have some fried chicken? —You'd better not. You ______ eat some healthier food. A.needn't　　　　 B.mustn't C.may　　　　 D.should 4. —Why can't you go to the farm with us, Amy? —My mum is ill, and I have to ______ her at home. A.take part in　 B.take apart C.take care of　　 D.take place 5.This old story tells us to be honest and never to ______ anyone. A.lead　　　　 B.cheat　　　　 C.excite　　　　 D.protect 6.Everyone should learn how to act ______ in the face of danger or in trouble. A.probably　　　　 B.wisely C.especially　　　　D.simply 7.—Did you enjoy yourself at the party yesterday, Grace? —No. I didn't see ______ I knew there, so it was kind of boring. A.somebody　　　　B.nobody C.everybody　　　　D.anybody 8.—Do you like Confucius' words, Allen? —Yes. They are so ______. They teach me how to think. A.difficult　　　　B.useful C.delicious　　　　D.simple 9.Drivers ______ obey traffic rules to ensure the safety of themselves and others. A.can　　　　 B.will　　　　 C.might　　　　 D.should 10.Science is developing faster and faster. Scientists and doctors will surely find a way to ______ cancer some day. A.treat　　　　 B.operate　　　 C.realize　　　 D.perform 11.—Can you help me? —Yes. ______ your teacher's advice, in my opinion, and everything will be OK. A.Follow　　 B.Following C.To follow D.Followed 二、根据句意和首字母提示写出所缺的单词 1.Mary felt s when she saw the black snake. She was really afraid of it. 2.Mary isn't at home, but you can leave a m for her. 3.Judy suddenly r that all her friends were helping her, and she was moved. 4.Don't talk with s you don't know. They might be dangerous people. 5.Now, many people buy things o instead of going to the shops. 6.You'd better set a p for your mobile phone. Don't use too easy numbers. 7.I can't find a to help me, so I have to do it by myself. 三、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.The Internet is very ___________(use) and we can get a lot of information from it. 2.It's healthy for us ___________(eat) more fruit and vegetables. 3.The heavy rain has caused some ___________(flood) in many parts of the country. 4.That is why we have to choose between things and spend our money ___________(wise). 5.Remember to ________ your door before you leave the house. 6.A man gave a few coins to the boy and left without __________(do) anything else. 7.Smoke _________(signal) were used to send messages by ancient Chinese soldiers. 8.I have to take a _________(risk) for my dream job. 9.The cinema has the biggest screen, but it has the worst _____________(serve). 四．任务型阅读 When Scan Aiken bought a bike helmet （头盔）, he never thought it would help him so soon. Only a week later, it saved his life. He was hit by a car while riding home from school in Tucson, Arizona. His bike was broken into pieces in the accident, but Scan was alive. His helmet protected him from serious head injury.  “I used to think helmets were unnecessary. I thought I would never get hurt,” Scan said. “But it can and will happen to you if you’re not careful.” Scan later spoke before the Tucson City Council about the need of bike-helmet laws. This led to a new Arizona law that requires people under the age of 18 to wear a bike helmet while cycling. Fifteen-year-old Mike Jones of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, knows about safety. Two years ago, he was seriously hurt in a car accident. Mike hurt his head badly when he was thrown from a van. “I don’t know why I didn’t wear a safety belt that day. Now I always wear it,” Mike said. Today, he can still think of that experience. “I used to love sports, but I can’t do them anymore. I can’t risk getting another serious injury,” he said. Like Mike, many people around the U.S. are becoming more safety-wise. “Parents can’t watch kids every minute. Kids must know how to be safe. It’s in their control and power, says Susan Gallagher, director of the Safety Network. New technology is also helping to prevent （预防） injuries. More people than ever before use products （产品） such as smoke alarms in their homes and seat belts in their cars. Most cyclists know that they should use bike helmets. New laws, such as the bike-helmet law Scan Aiken helped pass, are also making more people use these products. The number of serious injuries caused by car accidents and fires has gone down over the years. Kids are taking action to help prevent injuries. Like Scan Aiken and Mike Jones， they know that safety works. 1．Did the helmet save Scan Aiken’s life? _______________________________________________________ 2．Why was Mike Jones seriously hurt in a car accident? _______________________________________________________ 3．How many products do people use to prevent injuries according to the 4th paragraph? _______________________________________________________ 4．What is the main idea of the passage? _______________________________________________________ 五．语法填空 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的词，或是用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Nov. 9 is National Fire Safety Day. Here are some tips for you in case a fire breaks out. When you smell smoke or see fire, shout “Fire” as 1 (loud) as you can. Get help from your parents or call 119. Give them your location, and follow their instructions. Do not try to put out the fire 2 (you). Get out of the room as soon as possible. Don’t try to take anything with you. A fire can 3 (become) wild in a few seconds. If there is a lot of smoke in your room, keep your head and body close to the floor. There is 4 (little) smoke lower down, so it’s easier to breathe and see 5 you are going. If the door is really hot, do not open it. Try to find a different way out. 6 (use) the lift during a fire. Always use the stairs. The lift may stop working, and you could get trapped 7 it. If your clothes catch fire, don’t run, because 8 (move) around will make the fire even bigger. Drop to the ground, and then roll (翻滚) from side to side 9 (put) out the fire. Finally, remember to stay calm no matter what happens. This 10 (help) you to make smart decisions in an emergency (紧急情况). 六．书面表达 “安全无小事”。无论在校园里，还是在上下学的途中，或是其他场所，我们都应注意安全。假如你是李华，你校英文报刊正在开展“安全大家谈”的征文活动，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈生活中你发现了什么安全问题并提出相应的建议。 提示词语：fast, dangerous, pay attention, traffic lights 提示问题： （1）What safety problem do you notice? （2）What’s your advice on keeping safe? I notice a safety problem. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Safety 主 题 词 汇 1.safety/ˈseɪfti/n.安全；平安 搭配personal safety（人身安全）、safety rules（安全规则） 例：Safety is the most important thing in life.（安全是生活中最重要的事） 2.emergency/iˈmɜːdʒənsi/n.紧急情况；突发事件 搭配in an emergency（在紧急情况下）、emergency numbers（紧急电话） 例：We should keep calm in an emergency.（紧急情况下我们要保持冷静） 3.accident/ˈæksɪdənt/n.事故；意外 搭配traffic accident（交通事故）、avoid accidents（避免事故） 例：He was hurt in a car accident.（他在一场车祸中受伤了） 4.earthquake/ˈɜːθkweɪk/n.地震 搭配survive an earthquake（地震中幸存） 例：People should learn how to protect themselves during an earthquake.（人们应该学习地震中自救的方法） 5.stranger/ˈstreɪndʒə(r)/n.陌生人 搭配talk to strangers（和陌生人说话） 例：Children shouldn't accept gifts from strangers.（孩子不应该接受陌生人的礼物） 6.warn/wɔːn/v.警告；提醒 搭配warn sb. of sth.（警告某人某事） 例：The teacher warned us of the danger of swimming in rivers.（老师警告我们在河里游泳有危险） 7.protect/prəˈtekt/v.保护；防护 搭配protect oneself（保护自己）、protect from（免受……伤害） 例：We need to protect ourselves from online dangers.（我们需要保护自己免受网络危险） 短 语 1.call for help求救；呼吁帮助 When you are in danger, you can call for help by phone.（遇到危险时，你可以打电话求救） 2.give first aid实施急救 He gave first aid to the injured person before the ambulance arrived.（救护车到达前，他对伤者实施了急救） 3.stay safe保持安全 Following safety rules can help us stay safe.（遵守安全规则能帮我们保持安全） 4.follow safety rules遵守安全规则 Everyone must follow safety rules in public places.（每个人在公共场所都必须遵守安全规则） 5.keep away from远离 Keep away from trees during a thunderstorm.（雷雨天气要远离树木） 6.look out for留意；当心 Look out for cars when crossing the street.（过马路时要留意车辆） 7.break windows打破窗户 Use a hammer to break windows if you are trapped in a car.（被困在车里时，用锤子打破窗户） 8.save lives拯救生命 Safety knowledge can save lives in emergencies.（安全知识能在紧急情况下拯救生命） 9.take care of照顾；保管 Take good care of your personal belongings in crowded places.（在拥挤场所照看好个人物品） 10.online safety网络安全 We should pay attention to online safety when surfing the Internet.（上网时要注意网络安全） 11.keep calm保持冷静 Its important to keep calm in a fire.（火灾中保持冷静很重要） 12.avoid danger避免危险 Learning safety tips can help us avoid danger.（学习安全提示能帮我们避免危险） 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 1.询问紧急情况做法：What should we do in + 紧急情况？ 遇到……（紧急情况）我们该做什么？ A: What should we do in an earthquake? B: We should hide under a strong table.（A：遇到地震我们该做什么？B：我们应该躲在结实的桌子下面） 2.给出安全建议：We should/must + 动词原形. 我们应该/必须…… We must close the windows before leaving home.（我们离开家前必须关好窗户） 3.说明客观必要：We have to + 动词原形.我们不得不…… We have to learn first aid skills.（我们不得不学习急救技能） 强调客观条件要求必须做，区别于must的主观义务 4.说明无必要：We Don't have to + 动词原形. 我们没必要…… We Don't have to bring food to the party.（我们没必要带食物去派对） 表做某事不是必需的，可灵活选择 5.描述安全设备用途：… is used to + 动词原形. ……是用来做……的。 A fire extinguisher is used to put out small fires.（灭火器是用来扑灭小火的）用于解释安全设备的功能，be used to后接动词原形 6.询问安全性：Is it safe to + 动词原形 + 地点/情境？在……（地方/情境）做……安全 A: Is it safe to use public Wi-Fi? B: No, it may not be safe to share personal information.（A：使用公共Wi-Fi安全吗？B：不安全，分享个人信息可能有风险） 语法 1.must, have to的基本用法 2.情态动词should 3.复合不定代词 写作 写一篇和安全有关的文章。 ①有关日常生活中安全方面的规则或建议等; ②介绍灾难发生时的安全准则; ③有关互联网或手机使用方面的规则或建议等。 一、知识点精讲 1.useful的常见搭配 be useful to do sth.对做某事有用 be useful to sb.对某人有用 be useful for sth.对某事有用 be useful for doing sth.对做某事有用 It is useful for us to learn a foreign language.学习一门外语对我们来说是有用的。 This information is useful to us. 这条信息对我们有用。 He just knew that X-rays were new and useful for science. 他只知道Ⅹ射线是新的，并且对科学有用。 This tool is useful for repairing cars.这个工具对修理小汽车有用。 2.take care of 意为“照顾，照料” 相当于短语 look after 含take的其他常见短语 take off脱掉；起飞 take turns 轮流 take out 取出 take part in 参加（活动）take up 开始从 take exercise 锻炼事；占据 3.“It`s+adj.+to do sth.”为固定句型，意为“做某事是··的”。 (1)“It's+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.”句型，表示“对某人来说做某事是··的”。形容词描述的是事物的特征、特点。 It is not easy for Judy to learn Chinese.对朱迪来说,学中文不容易。 (2)“It's+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.”句型，表示“某人做某事真是太··了”。形容词描述的是人的性格、品质等。 It is very careless of him to leave the door open at night.他夜间敞着门真是太粗心了。 4.difficult 作形容词，意为“困难的，费力的，难做的，难解的” （1）be difficult for sb.是对某人来说困难的 it is difficult(forsb.)to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事是困难的 （2）sth. is difficult to do某事/物是难···的 a difficult task/problem一项艰巨的任务/一个难题 Asking for help is difficult for some people.寻求帮助对有些人来说是困难的。 It's difficult for me to make a sky lantern.对我来说做一盏天灯很难。 The box is difficult to carry.这个箱子很难搬。 延伸 difficulty 为 difficult 的名词形式 当 difficulty 作抽象意义的“困难”讲时，为不可数名词；当作具体意义的“困难”讲时，如难事、难点、难题等，为可数名词，其复数形式为 difficulties。difficulty 的常见搭配有： have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 have difficulty in/with sth.在……方面有困难 in difficulty=in trouble处于困境中 He has difficulty in) solving the math problem.他解这道数学题有困难。 We should help the friends in difficulty/trouble.我们应该帮助处于困境中的朋友。 5.safety n.安全，平安；安全性 in safety安全地；平安地安全，平安 for safety为了安全起见 Read the following safety rules.阅读以下安全准则。 They arrived at the destination in safety.他们安全地到达了目的地。 We locked the door for safety.为了安全起见，我们把门锁上了。 People worry about food safety.人们担心食品安全。 延伸 Safe adj.安全的；平安的 Safely adv.安全地;平安地 When you are on the road, you must always follow the rules of safe cycling.当你在路上时，你必须始终遵守安全骑行的规则。 You must use fire safely in the kitchen.你必须在厨房里安全地使用火源。 6.risk作名词，意为“危险，风险”。 其常用短语有： at risk处于危险中 take a risk/risks冒险 at the risk of doing sth.冒着做某事的风险 Hundreds of thousands of people are at risk.有几十万人正处于危险中。 Don't take risks. 不要冒险。 At the risk of being rude, I have to ask you how old you are.尽管有些冒犯,但我不得不问一下你的年龄。 二、核心语法精讲 1.must/mustn't + have to/Don't have to 2.should/shouldn't 3.不定代词详解 1. must/mustn't（单元核心考点） 用法 结构 例句 说明 表义务（必须做） 主语 + must + 动词原形 You must follow the traffic rules.（你必须遵守交通规则） 主观强调“义务/责任”，说话者认为必须做 表禁止（不许做） 主语 + mustn't + 动词原形 You mustn't touch the electrical equipment with wet hands.（你不许用湿手碰电器） 强调“违反规则/有危险”，语气强烈 2. have to/Don't have to（单元核心考点） 用法 结构 例句 说明 表客观必要（不得不做） 主语 + have/has to + 动词原形 She has to stay at home to look after her little sister.（她不得不留在家里照顾妹妹） 客观条件限制必须做，区别于must的主观义务 表无必要（没必要做） 主语 + Don't/doesn't have to + 动词原形 We Don't have to finish the work today.（我们没必要今天完成工作） 表做某事不是必需的，可选择不做 3. should/shouldn't（单元核心考点） 用法 结构 例句 说明 表建议（应该做） 主语 + should + 动词原形 You should check the weather before a trip.（你应该在旅行前查看天气） 语气委婉，给出合理建议 表不建议（不应该做） 主语 + shouldn't + 动词原形 You shouldn't stay up late before an exam.（考试前你不应该熬夜） 提醒对方避免不当行为 4. 不定代词（单元核心考点） 类别 常见代词 用法 单元例句 指人 someone/somebody（某人）、anyone/anybody（任何人）、no one/nobody（没人） someone用于肯定句；anyone用于否定句/疑问句；no one表否定 Someone may use your personal information in the wrong way.（有人可能不当使用你的个人信息） 指物 something（某物）、anything（任何事物）、nothing（没什么） something用于肯定句；anything用于否定句/疑问句；nothing表否定 There is nothing dangerous in this box.（这个盒子里没什么危险的东西） 修饰规则 形容词需放在不定代词之后 - We need to do something useful to improve safety.（我们需要做些有用的事来提升安全性） 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元的话题是“安全”,要求学生根据内容提示写一篇和安全有关的文章。该话题通常以说明文或应用文(如书信、电子邮件或演讲稿等)的形式出现,时态通常是一般现在时。该话题通常涉及的细分话题有:①有关日常生活中安全方面的规则或建议等;②介绍灾难发生时的安全准则;③有关互联网或手机使用方面的规则或建议等。 2. 写作框架 安全对每个人都很重要。请根据以下提示,写一篇关于校园安全的英语小短文。 提示词语:focus, take care, each other, quarrel, ask sb. for help 内容提示:1.What should you do when you are doing sports? 2.What should you do when you go upstairs or downstairs? 3.What should you do when you have difficulties? 4.How should you get on with others? 要求:1.短文要包含以上内容提示,可以适当发挥; 2.50词以上;3.所给提示词语仅供选用;4.请不要写出你的校名和姓名。 3. 写作素材 （1）take care小心,当心　 （2）get injured受伤　 （3）do sports 做运动　 （4）go upstairs or downstairs上楼或下楼　 （5）get on well with...与……相处融洽　 （6）ask sb. for help请求某人帮助 （7）in a hurry 匆忙地　 （8）call for help呼救　 （9）fall down摔倒     （10）get hurt受伤　 （11）in danger在危险中　 （12）make sure确保　 （13）stay away from 远离　 （14）help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事 （15）To save time, deliverymen often break traffic rules, putting not only their own lives in danger, but the lives of others as well.为了节省时间,外卖骑手经常违反交通规则,不仅把自己的生命置于危险之中,也把别人的生命置于危险之中。 4. 范文背诵 　Safety has become the focus to us all. How to be safe at school is especially important for us students. First, we should take care not to get ourselves injured while we are doing sports. Second②, there are too many students at school,and our hallways are too narrow. So don't crowd with each other especially when we go upstairs or downstairs, or there may be an accident. Besides, we should be friendly and get on well with others, and don't quarrel or even fight. Last but not least, when we have difficulties, we can ask our teachers and parents for help. In a word, it's important to remember these for us all. 一．单项选择 1.Being on time is important. ______ late for anything all the time. A.Don't be　 B.Not be C.Not to be　　 D.Not being 【答案】A句意:准时是重要的。凡事都不要总是迟到。根据“Being on time is important...late for anything all the time.”可知,此处指不要总迟到,否定祈使句以Don't加动词原形开头,be late for迟到。故选A。 2.Many students didn't ______ the importance of study until they left school. A.use　　　　 B.provide C.compare　　　 D.realise 【答案】D句意:许多学生直到离开学校才意识到学习的重要性。use使用;provide提供;compare比较;realise意识到。根据“the importance of study until they left school”可知,此处是指意识到学习的重要性。故选D。 3.—Mum, can I have some fried chicken? —You'd better not. You ______ eat some healthier food. A.needn't　　　　 B.mustn't C.may　　　　 D.should 【答案】D句意:——妈妈,我能吃些炸鸡吗?——你最好不要。你应该吃些更健康的食物。needn't不需要;mustn't禁止;may也许;should应该。根据“eat some healthier food”可知,此处指应该吃更健康的食物,故选D。 4. —Why can't you go to the farm with us, Amy? —My mum is ill, and I have to ______ her at home. A.take part in　 B.take apart C.take care of　　 D.take place 【答案】Ctake part in参加;take apart拆开;take care of照顾;take place发生。根据“My mum is ill”可知,此处表示我母亲生病了,所以我要在家照顾她。故选C。 5.This old story tells us to be honest and never to ______ anyone. A.lead　　　　 B.cheat　　　　 C.excite　　　　 D.protect 【答案】B句意:这个古老的故事告诉我们要诚实,永远不要欺骗任何人。lead带领;cheat欺骗;excite使兴奋;protect保护。根据“to be honest”可知,此处表示不要欺骗任何人。故选B。 6.Everyone should learn how to act ______ in the face of danger or in trouble. A.probably　　　　 B.wisely C.especially　　　　D.simply 【答案】B句意:每个人都应该学会在面对危险或陷入困境时如何明智地行事。probably或许;wisely明智地;especially尤其;simply仅仅。根据“in the face of danger or in trouble”可知,面对危险或陷入困境时要明智地行事。故选B。 7.—Did you enjoy yourself at the party yesterday, Grace? —No. I didn't see ______ I knew there, so it was kind of boring. A.somebody　　　　B.nobody C.everybody　　　　D.anybody 【答案】D句意:——Grace,你昨天在聚会上玩得高兴吗?——不,我在那儿没有看到我认识的人,所以有点无聊。somebody某人,常用于肯定句;nobody没有人;everybody每个人;anybody任何人,常用于否定句或疑问句。根据“so it was kind of boring”可知,这里指没有看到任何认识的人。故选D。 8.—Do you like Confucius' words, Allen? —Yes. They are so ______. They teach me how to think. A.difficult　　　　B.useful C.delicious　　　　D.simple 【答案】B句意:——艾伦,你喜欢孔子的话吗?——是的。它们非常有用。它们教我如何思考。difficult困难的;useful有用的;delicious美味的;simple简单的。根据“They teach me how to think.”可知,它们非常有用。故选B。 9.Drivers ______ obey traffic rules to ensure the safety of themselves and others. A.can　　　　 B.will　　　　 C.might　　　　 D.should 【答案】D句意:司机应该遵守交通规则,以确保自己和他人的安全。can能;will将要;might可能;should应该。根据“Drivers...obey traffic rules”可知,遵守交通规则是一种责任和义务,应用should。故选D。 10.Science is developing faster and faster. Scientists and doctors will surely find a way to ______ cancer some day. A.treat　　　　 B.operate　　　 C.realize　　　 D.perform 【答案】A句意:科学发展得越来越快。科学家和医生总有一天肯定会找到治疗癌症的方法。treat治疗;operate操作,经营;realize意识到;perform表演。根据“a way to...cancer”可知,此处指治疗癌症的方法。故选A。 11.—Can you help me? —Yes. ______ your teacher's advice, in my opinion, and everything will be OK. A.Follow　　 B.Following C.To follow D.Followed 【答案】A句意:——你可以帮助我吗?——可以。在我看来,听从你老师的建议,一切都会变好的。根据“...your teacher's advice, in my opinion, and everything will be OK.”可知,此处考查以动词原形开头的祈使句,表示说话人提出建议。故选A。 二、根据句意和首字母提示写出所缺的单词 1.Mary felt s when she saw the black snake. She was really afraid of it. 2.Mary isn't at home, but you can leave a m for her. 3.Judy suddenly r that all her friends were helping her, and she was moved. 4.Don't talk with s you don't know. They might be dangerous people. 5.Now, many people buy things o instead of going to the shops. 6.You'd better set a p for your mobile phone. Don't use too easy numbers. 7.I can't find a to help me, so I have to do it by myself. 【答案】1.scared    2.message    3.realised/realized    4.strangers    5.online   6.password    7.anyone/anybody   三、用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.The Internet is very ___________(use) and we can get a lot of information from it. 2.It's healthy for us ___________(eat) more fruit and vegetables. 3.The heavy rain has caused some ___________(flood) in many parts of the country. 4.That is why we have to choose between things and spend our money ___________(wise). 5.Remember to ________ your door before you leave the house. 6.A man gave a few coins to the boy and left without __________(do) anything else. 7.Smoke _________(signal) were used to send messages by ancient Chinese soldiers. 8.I have to take a _________(risk) for my dream job. 9.The cinema has the biggest screen, but it has the worst _____________(serve). 【答案】1.useful     2.to eat   3.floods    4. wisely    5.lock    6.doing    7.signals     8.risk    9.service     四．任务型阅读 When Scan Aiken bought a bike helmet （头盔）, he never thought it would help him so soon. Only a week later, it saved his life. He was hit by a car while riding home from school in Tucson, Arizona. His bike was broken into pieces in the accident, but Scan was alive. His helmet protected him from serious head injury.  “I used to think helmets were unnecessary. I thought I would never get hurt,” Scan said. “But it can and will happen to you if you’re not careful.” Scan later spoke before the Tucson City Council about the need of bike-helmet laws. This led to a new Arizona law that requires people under the age of 18 to wear a bike helmet while cycling. Fifteen-year-old Mike Jones of Sioux Falls, South Dakota, knows about safety. Two years ago, he was seriously hurt in a car accident. Mike hurt his head badly when he was thrown from a van. “I don’t know why I didn’t wear a safety belt that day. Now I always wear it,” Mike said. Today, he can still think of that experience. “I used to love sports, but I can’t do them anymore. I can’t risk getting another serious injury,” he said. Like Mike, many people around the U.S. are becoming more safety-wise. “Parents can’t watch kids every minute. Kids must know how to be safe. It’s in their control and power, says Susan Gallagher, director of the Safety Network. New technology is also helping to prevent （预防） injuries. More people than ever before use products （产品） such as smoke alarms in their homes and seat belts in their cars. Most cyclists know that they should use bike helmets. New laws, such as the bike-helmet law Scan Aiken helped pass, are also making more people use these products. The number of serious injuries caused by car accidents and fires has gone down over the years. Kids are taking action to help prevent injuries. Like Scan Aiken and Mike Jones， they know that safety works. 1．Did the helmet save Scan Aiken’s life? _______________________________________________________ 2．Why was Mike Jones seriously hurt in a car accident? _______________________________________________________ 3．How many products do people use to prevent injuries according to the 4th paragraph? _______________________________________________________ 4．What is the main idea of the passage? _______________________________________________________ 【答案】1．Yes, it did. 2．Because he didn’t wear / wasn’t wearing a safety belt that day. 3．3/Three. 4．People have paid more attention to safety. / Safety products help prevent injuries. 【分析】本文主要介绍了人们应该更多关注安全，安全产品使用避免了受到人们受到更严重地伤害。列举了斯堪．艾肯买了一个自行车头盔在车祸中避免了受到重伤。这导致了新的亚利桑那州法律，要求18岁以下的人在骑车时戴上自行车头盔。又列举来自南达科他州苏福尔斯的15岁的迈克·琼斯例子。两年前，他在一场车祸中受了重伤。因为那天他没有系安全带。新技术也有助于防止伤害。如家用烟雾报警器、汽车安全带和自行车头盔等。新的法律，使更多的人使用这些产品。这些年来，由车祸和火灾造成的重伤人数减少了许多。 1．题意：头盔救了斯堪．艾肯的命吗？考查细节理解题。根据第一段第一和二句When Scan Aiken bought a bike helmet （头盔）, he never thought it would help him so soon. Only a week later, it saved his life.（当斯堪．艾肯买了一个自行车头盔，他从来没有想过它会这么快帮助他。仅仅一周后，它救了他的命。）可知作肯定回答，答案是Yes, it did. 2．题意：为什么迈克·琼斯在车祸中受了重伤？考查细节理解题。根据第二段中第3和4句Mike hurt his head badly when he was thrown from a van. “I don’t know why I didn’t wear a safety belt that day. Now I always wear it,” Mike said.（迈克从货车上摔下来时，头部受了重伤。“我不知道为什么那天没有系安全带。现在我总是戴着它，”迈克说。）可知因为迈克那天没有系安全带，所以在车祸中受了重伤。故答案是Because he didn’t wear / wasn’t wearing a safety belt that day. 3．题意：根据第4段，人们使用多少种产品来防止受伤？考查细节理解题。根据第四段第2和3句More people than ever before use products （产品） such as smoke alarms in their homes and seat belts in their cars. Most cyclists know that they should use bike helmets.（越来越多的人在家里使用烟雾报警器和汽车安全带等产品。大多数骑自行车的人都知道他们应该戴自行车头盔。）可知人们使用3种产品来防止受伤，他们是烟雾报警器（smoke alarms）、汽车安全带（seat belts）和自行车头盔（bike helmets）。故答案是3/Three。 4．题意：这篇短文的主要意思是什么？考查主旨理解题。通读全文可知本文主要谈论人们应该更多关注安全，安全产品使用避免了受到人们受到更严重地伤害。可知答案是People have paid more attention to safety. / Safety products help prevent injuries.（答案不唯一，只要符合本文主要意思即可）。 五．语法填空 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的词，或是用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Nov. 9 is National Fire Safety Day. Here are some tips for you in case a fire breaks out. When you smell smoke or see fire, shout “Fire” as 1 (loud) as you can. Get help from your parents or call 119. Give them your location, and follow their instructions. Do not try to put out the fire 2 (you). Get out of the room as soon as possible. Don’t try to take anything with you. A fire can 3 (become) wild in a few seconds. If there is a lot of smoke in your room, keep your head and body close to the floor. There is 4 (little) smoke lower down, so it’s easier to breathe and see 5 you are going. If the door is really hot, do not open it. Try to find a different way out. 6 (use) the lift during a fire. Always use the stairs. The lift may stop working, and you could get trapped 7 it. If your clothes catch fire, don’t run, because 8 (move) around will make the fire even bigger. Drop to the ground, and then roll (翻滚) from side to side 9 (put) out the fire. Finally, remember to stay calm no matter what happens. This 10 (help) you to make smart decisions in an emergency (紧急情况). 【答案】1．loudly 2．yourself 3．become 4．less 5．where 6．Don’t use/Never use 7．in/inside 8．moving 9．to put 10．will help 【导语】本文主要介绍了火灾发生时的安全逃生技巧。 1．句意：当你闻到烟味或看到火时，尽可能大声喊“着火了”。空处应用副词修饰动词shout，作状语。loud“大声的”，形容词，副词为loudly。故填loudly。 2．句意：不要试图自己灭火。根据“Do not try to put out the fire”和提示词可知，不要自己灭火，空处应用反身代词yourself“你自己”。故填yourself。 3．句意：火势可能在几秒钟内变得猛烈。情态动词can后用动词原形，空处应用become“变得”。故填become。 4．句意：低处的烟雾较少，因此更容易呼吸，也更能看清前进的方向。根据“lower down”可知，更低的位置，烟更少。空处填形容词比较级作定语。little“少量的”，形容词，比较级为less。故填less。 5．句意：低处的烟雾较少，因此更容易呼吸，也更能看清前进的方向。根据“you are going”可知，此处指能看清去哪里，应用where“哪里”引导宾语从句。故填where。 6．句意：火灾时不要使用电梯。根据“Always use the stairs”可知，此处警告火灾时不要使用电梯。用祈使句的否定形式don’t do或never do。位于句首，don’t或never首字母大写；use“使用”，动词。故填Don’t use/Never use。 7．句意：电梯可能停止工作，你可能会被困在里面。根据“The lift may stop working”可知，电梯停止工作，人可能会被困在电梯里面。in“在……里面”，inside“在……里”。故填in/inside。 8．句意：如果你的衣服着火了，不要跑，因为走动会使火势更大。空处应用动名词短语“moving around”作主语，故填moving。 9．句意：倒在地上，然后左右翻滚以扑灭火。空处应用动词不定式作目的状语，应用to put。故填to put。 10．句意：这将帮助你在紧急情况下做出明智决定。根据“remember to stay calm no matter what happens”可知，此处表示发生紧急情况时会有帮助，用一般将来时，其结构“will do”。故填will help。 六．书面表达 “安全无小事”。无论在校园里，还是在上下学的途中，或是其他场所，我们都应注意安全。假如你是李华，你校英文报刊正在开展“安全大家谈”的征文活动，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈生活中你发现了什么安全问题并提出相应的建议。 提示词语：fast, dangerous, pay attention, traffic lights 提示问题： （1）What safety problem do you notice? （2）What’s your advice on keeping safe? I notice a safety problem. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 I notice a safety problem. On the way to and from school, I notice that some students ride very fast and don’t look at the traffic lights. It’s dangerous. We should pay attention to safety. Stopping at red light and going at green light are not only traffic rules, but also rules related to life safety. I also notice that it is also dangerous to chase and fight in the corridor on campus. If you hit a classmate, it will cause trouble. I also notice that some students make friends online and even meet them, which is dangerous. We should communicate more with our classmates and make friends. Safety is no small matter. Whether on the way to and from school, on campus or in other places, we should pay attention to safety. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态以“一般现在时”为主； ③提示：写作要求已给出，学生不要遗漏题目中的要点，适当添加细节，写作时保持主谓一致，注意字数要求。 [写作步骤] 第一步，介绍你注意到什么安全问题； 第二步，提出相应的建议； 第三步，书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①on the way to…在去……的路上 ②pay attention to注意 ③not only…but also…不仅……而且…… ④communicate with sb与某人交流 [高分句型] ①I also notice that it is also dangerous to chase and fight in the corridor on campus.（宾语从句） ②If you hit a classmate, it will cause trouble.（条件状语从句） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $