Unit3语法讲解及习题_动词不定式（Infinitives）2026-2027学年沪教版英语八年级上册

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了沪教牛津八上Unit3动词不定式语法内容，涵盖基础概念、用法分类（作宾语、宾补、目的状语）、易混动词表格及否定结构，搭建了从“概念理解”到“用法辨析”再到“综合应用”的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“用法分类+易混动词表格”呈现知识体系，结合单元“好奇心”话题例句（如“Curiosity makes people discover new secrets”），培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计单项选择、句型改写等多样化题型，附详细解析，如“help后to可省”标注，帮助学生高效掌握，教师可直接用于课堂练习与测评。

沪教牛津英语八上Unit3语法讲解及习题:动词不定式（Infinitives） 一、单元语法核心：动词不定式（to do / 不带 to 的原形 do） 本单元Grammar in use板块核心语法为动词不定式，分为带 to 的不定式（to do）和省略 to 的不定式（do，动词原形）。 （一）动词不定式基础概念 动词不定式是动词的非谓语形式，本身不做句子谓语，用来充当宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语等成分，有两种结构： 带 to 不定式：to + 动词原形（to do）（最常用） 不带 to 不定式：动词原形（do）（使役动词、感官动词后固定省略 to） （二）核心用法分类（结合本单元好奇心话题例句） 1. 作动词的宾语（主语 + 谓语 + to do） 常接 to do 作宾语的高频动词（本单元重点）： learn, want, decide, hope, plan, encourage, try, choose, refuse, promise 结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + to do sth. 例句： · We decide to study the benefits of curiosity. 我们决定研究好奇心的好处。 · Many students hope to find answers to strange questions. 很多学生希望找到奇怪问题的答案。 2. 作宾语补足语（主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + to do /do） （1）必须带 to：encourage, ask, tell, invite, want, allow 结构：主语 + 动词 + sb. + to do sth. 例句：The teacher encourages us to keep curious minds. 老师鼓励我们保持好奇心。 （2）主动语态省略 to（只加动词原形 do）：使役动词make, let 结构：make /let + sb. + do sth. 例句：Curiosity makes people discover new secrets. 好奇心让人们发现新的奥秘。 （3）help 两种形式均可：help sb. (to) do sth.（to 可加可省） 例句：Reading helps you (to) develop your curiosity. 阅读帮助你培养好奇心。 3. 作目的状语（表动作目的，“为了……”） 结构：To do sth., 主句 / 主句 + to do sth. 例句：He asks questions to satisfy his curiosity. 他提问是为了满足自己的好奇心。 4. 课本原句复盘（教材 P44） Dr Gu gave a speech to encourage everyone to keep a curious mind.（目的状语 + 宾补 to do） Curiosity helps the brain (to) better take in new information.（help 后 to 可省略） In 1918, magician Harry made a big elephant disappear on the stage.（make 后省 to） I learned to do simple repairs to the family car.（learn 后 to do 作宾语） （三）易混动词表格（考点必背） 动词分组 后面搭配形式 举例 learn/want/decide/hope/plan + to do（作宾语） decide to explore encourage/ask/tell/invite + sb. to do（宾补带 to） encourage us to ask questions make/let + sb. do（宾补省 to） let children think freely help + sb. (to) do（to 可省略） help you find answers （四）否定结构：not to do 例句：We decide not to ignore our strange questions. 我们决定不要忽视自己奇怪的疑问。 二、专项练习题 题型一：单项选择 1. We decide __________ a school newspaper column about curiosity. A. have B. to have C. having D. had 2. The teacher encourages all students __________ brave questions. A. ask B. to ask C. asking D. asked 3. Curiosity makes our brains __________ more new knowledge every day. A. take in B. to take in C. taking in D. took in 4. I hope __________ a speech about curious minds next week. A. give B. giving C. to give D. gave 5. My father helps me __________ some interesting science questions. A. find out B. to finding out C. finding out D. found out 6. Don’t let laziness __________ your curiosity away. A. take B. to take C. taking D. takes 7. She plans __________ famous scientists’ stories for the leaflet. A. collect B. collecting C. to collect D. collected 8. To satisfy his curiosity, he tries __________ different small experiments. A. do B. to do C. doing D. did 9. We choose __________ not to give up when we meet difficult problems. A. give up B. to give up C. giving up D. gave up 10. The speaker invited us __________ our own strange questions in class. A. share B. to share C. sharing D. shared 题型二：用所给动词适当形式填空 1. We have decided ______________ (start) a column about curiosity. 2. We need more articles ______________ (encourage) curious minds among teenagers. 3. All students hope ______________ (get) useful answers to their questions. 4. You can email us ______________ (share) your curious experiences. 5. Please let the editors ______________ (know) your ideas at any time. 6. Curiosity helps our brains ______________ (remember) new things faster. 7. The activity makes kids ______________ (show) their interest in science. 8. I learn ______________ (design) simple leaflets for curious stories. 9. They plan ______________ (invite) a scientist to give a talk at school. 10. We choose ______________ (not stop) asking why things happen around us. 题型三：用 do /to do 选词填空 1. want sb. __________ (try) new ideas 2. make sb. __________ (discover) the truth 3. help sb. __________ (find) answers（两种都可，优先原形） 4. encourage sb. __________ (keep) asking questions 5. let sb. __________ (think) independently 题型四：句型改写（ 合并句子 / 改写不定式结构） 1. He wants to explore nature. He keeps asking questions.（用 to do 作目的状语合并） 2. Curiosity makes our brains active. Our brains take in new information fast.（用 make sb. do 改写） 3. The teacher says: “You should read more science books.”（用 encourage sb. to do 改写） 4. I will collect curious stories. I want to make a leaflet.（用 to do 表目的） 题型五：中文翻译 1. 我们决定举办一场关于好奇心的演讲比赛。(decide to do) 2. 好奇心促使人们不断探索未知的事物。(make sb. do) 3. 老师鼓励我们大胆提出自己的疑问。(encourage sb. to do) 4. 为了满足好奇心，他每天做一个小实验。(To do 目的状语) 三、参考答案 + 详细解析 题型一：单项选择 1. B 解析：decide to do sth. 决定做某事，固定搭配 2. B 解析：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事（宾补带 to） 3. A 解析：make sb. do sth. 使役动词后省略 to，用动词原形 4. C 解析：hope to do sth. 希望做某事，无 hope sb. to do 结构 5. A 解析：help sb. (to) do sth.，to 可省略，填原形 6. A 解析：let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事，省略 to 7. C 解析：plan to do sth. 计划做某事 8. B 解析：try to do sth. 努力做某事 9. B 解析：choose to do sth. 选择做某事，否定结构 choose not to do 10. B 解析：invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 答案：1.B 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.A 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.B 题型二：动词适当形式填空 1. to start（decide to do） 2. to encourage（不定式作目的状语） 3. to get（hope to do） 4. to share（目的状语） 5. know（let sb. do） 6. (to) remember（help 后 to 可省） 7. show（make sb. do） 8. to design（learn to do） 9. to invite（plan to do） 10. not to stop（choose not to do 不定式否定） 题型三：do /to do 填空 1. to try 2. discover 3. find (to find 也可) 4. to keep 5. think 题型四：句型改写 1. He keeps asking questions to explore nature. 解析：to explore 作目的状语，表提问的目的是探索自然 2. Curiosity makes our brains take in new information fast. 解析：make + 宾语 + 动词原形作宾补 3. The teacher encourages us to read more science books. 解析：encourage sb. to do 替换直接引语 4. I will collect curious stories to make a leaflet. 解析：to make 表制作小册子的目的 题型五：句子翻译 1. We decide to hold a speech competition about curiosity. 2. Curiosity makes people explore unknown things all the time. 3. The teacher encourages us to ask our own questions bravely. 4. To satisfy his curiosity, he does one small experiment every day. ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $