第11卷 阅读理解（说明文）-【2027年新考纲】重庆市（高职分类考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文体裁（科技发明与自然环境主题），通过5篇语篇系统训练主旨概括、细节理解和推理判断能力，强化45分钟限时阅读应试技能。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |自然环境（气候/水资源/植物）|3篇15题|细节理解为主（数据查找、事实判断）|围绕说明文体裁，以主题语篇为载体，构建“信息定位-分析理解-综合推断”的阅读逻辑链，提升语言理解能力与分析推断思维品质| |科技发明与健康|2篇10题|少量主旨概括（如第15题）|

编写说明：本卷依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》编写。本系列定位为45分钟训练卷，用于课堂限时训练、周测检测和阶段复习。本卷为阅读理解专项训练第11卷，聚焦说明文体裁——科技发明与自然环境主题，通过5篇语篇帮助考生强化主旨概括、细节理解和推理判断能力。 【2027年新考纲】重庆市（高职分类考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第11卷 阅读理解（说明文） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级_________姓名_________学号_________成绩_________ 阅读理解（共25小题，每小题4分，满分100分） 阅读下列五篇短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 (一) Chongqing is famous across China for its unique and sometimes extreme weather conditions. The city lies in a natural basin surrounded by mountains, which creates a special climate that is quite different from most other Chinese cities. Summers in Chongqing are known to be very hot and humid, earning the city its nickname as one of the "Three Furnaces" of China along with Wuhan and Nanjing. The winter months, on the other hand, bring cool temperatures and heavy fog that often covers the entire city for days at a time. This is why Chongqing is also sometimes called the "Fog City" by visitors and locals alike. Spring and autumn are relatively mild and pleasant, making them the best seasons for sightseeing and outdoor activities. The unique geography of Chongqing also means that rainfall is not evenly spread throughout the year. Most of the annual rain falls during the hot summer months, often in the form of heavy thunderstorms. The table below shows average temperature and rainfall data for four representative months of the year. Month Avg Temp Rainfall Weather January 8 C 20 mm Foggy, cool April 19 C 100 mm Warm, rain July 30 C 180 mm Hot, stormy October 18 C 80 mm Mild, cloudy 1. Which month has the highest temperature? A. January B. July C. April D. October 2. How much rainfall does April have? A. 20 mm B. 80 mm C. 180 mm D. 100 mm 3. What is the temperature in October? A. 18 C B. 8 C C. 19 C D. 30 C 4. Which month is foggy and cool? A. April B. October C. January D. July 5. How much more rain in July than January? A. 100 mm B. 160 mm C. 120 mm D. 180 mm 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B 【导语】本文介绍重庆市一年中各月的气候特点和数据。 【详解】 1. 细节理解题。July最高30C。A.Jan 8C不对；B.Jul正确；C.Apr 19C；D.Oct 18C。故选B。 2. 细节理解题。April降雨100mm。A.20 Jan；B.80 Oct；C.180 Jul；D.100正确。故选D。 3. 细节理解题。October 18C。A.18正确；B.8 Jan；C.19 Apr；D.30 Jul。故选A。 4. 细节理解题。January Foggy cool。A.Apr warm；B.Oct mild；C.Jan正确；D.Jul hot。故选C。 5. 细节理解题。180减20等于160。A.100不对；B.160正确；C.120不对；D.180不对。故选B。 (二) Electric cars are becoming more and more popular around the world. Unlike traditional cars that burn gasoline and produce harmful smoke, electric cars run on batteries and release no pollution into the air. This makes them much better for the environment and helps fight climate change. Many countries are encouraging people to buy electric cars by offering tax benefits and building more charging stations. In China, the electric car market has grown faster than anywhere else in the world. Today, China has the largest number of electric vehicles on the road, with millions already being used in major cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen. Although electric cars still cost more to buy than gasoline cars, their daily running costs are much lower. It costs about one third as much to power an electric car as it does to fuel a gasoline car. Maintenance is also cheaper because electric engines have fewer moving parts. As battery technology continues to improve, experts believe electric cars will become even cheaper and more practical. In the future, they may replace gasoline cars as the main form of transportation for most families around the world. 6. What do electric cars use instead of gasoline? A. Solar panels B. Natural gas C. Batteries D. Water power 7. Why are electric cars better for the environment? A. They produce no pollution B. They are faster C. They are larger D. They are quieter 8. How does China rank in the electric car market? A. The second largest B. The largest C. The third largest D. The fourth largest 9. How much cheaper is it to power an electric car? A. Half as much B. Twice as much C. The same amount D. One third as much 10. What will happen as battery technology improves? A. They will be slower B. They will cost more C. They will be cheaper D. They will disappear 【答案】6. C 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍电动汽车的优势和发展趋势。 【详解】 6. 细节理解题。electric cars run on batteries。A.太阳能不对；B.天然气不对；C.电池正确；D.水力不对。故选C。 7. 细节理解题。produce no pollution。A.无污染正确；B.更快未提；C.更大未提；D.更安静未提。故选A。 8. 细节理解题。largest market in the world。A.第二不对；B.最大正确；C.第三不对；D.第四不对。故选B。 9. 细节理解题。one third as much。A.一半不对；B.两倍不对；C.相同不对；D.三分之一正确。故选D。 10. 推理题。become cheaper and more practical。A.更慢不对；B.更贵不对；C.更便宜正确；D.消失不对。故选C。 (三) Water shortage is one of the biggest problems facing the world today. Although about seventy percent of the Earth surface is covered by water, most of it is salt water in the oceans that humans cannot drink or use for daily life. Only a very small part is fresh water. Many countries in Africa and Asia already face serious water shortages. The situation is getting worse because of climate change and growing populations. Scientists warn that by the year 2050, more than half of the world population may live in areas where clean water is hard to find. There are many simple ways we can save water at home. Taking shorter showers instead of baths can save hundreds of liters each week. Turning off the tap while brushing your teeth and fixing leaking pipes immediately can save thousands of liters every year. These small actions make a big difference. We can also collect rainwater for watering plants and washing cars. Everyone can play a part in protecting this valuable resource for ourselves and for future generations. 11. What percentage of Earth is covered by water? A. 30 percent B. 50 percent C. 90 percent D. 70 percent 12. Why is the water situation getting worse? A. People drink more B. Water is cleaner C. Climate change and growth D. People waste less 13. Which is a way to save water at home? A. Taking longer showers B. Fixing leaking pipes C. Leaving taps running D. Using more water 14. What can collected rainwater be used for? A. Watering plants B. Drinking directly C. Cooking meals D. Washing clothes 15. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Water is unlimited B. We should waste more C. Only governments should act D. Water shortage is serious 【答案】11. D 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍全球水资源短缺和日常节水方法。 【详解】 11. 细节理解题。70 percent covered by water。A.30%不对；B.50%不对；C.90%不对；D.70%正确。故选D。 12. 细节理解题。climate change and growing populations。A.喝水更多不全；B.水更干净反义；C.气候变化人口增长正确；D.浪费更少反义。故选C。 13. 细节理解题。fixing leaking pipes为节水法。A.更久淋浴反义；B.修管道正确；C.不关水龙头反义；D.更多用水反义。故选B。 14. 细节理解题。collect rainwater for watering plants。A.浇植物正确；B.直接喝不对；C.做饭不对；D.洗衣服不对。故选A。 15. 主旨题。Water shortage is a serious problem。A.水无限反义；B.应浪费更多反义；C.只有政府负责片面；D.水短缺严重正确。故选D。 (四) Many people keep plants at home because they look nice and add color to a room. However, scientists have found that indoor plants can do much more than just decorate a space. Certain houseplants have the amazing ability to clean the air in our homes. Plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen through photosynthesis. More importantly, research shows that some plants can remove harmful chemicals from indoor air. These chemicals come from everyday items like furniture, paint, and cleaning products that we use at home. Two plants known to be very effective air purifiers are the snake plant and the peace lily. Both are easy to find at local flower markets and require very little care. Studies show that students who study in rooms with plants feel more relaxed and perform better on tests. Best of all, most air-purifying plants are affordable and easy to take care of. Adding a few green plants to your room is a simple and natural way to improve both the air you breathe and your overall sense of well-being. 16. What else can indoor plants do besides looking nice? A. Clean the air B. Make music C. Remove walls D. Change color 17. How do plants improve air quality naturally? A. By releasing chemicals B. By using electricity C. Through photosynthesis D. Through evaporation 18. Which plant is good at cleaning air? A. Rose B. Sunflower C. Tulip D. Peace lily 19. What benefit do students get from plants? A. They eat more B. They feel more relaxed C. They sleep longer D. They study less 20. What is true about air-purifying plants? A. They are cheap and easy B. They are very expensive C. They are hard to keep D. They only grow outside 【答案】16. A 17. C 18. D 19. B 20. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍室内植物净化空气的作用。 【详解】 16. 细节理解题。can clean the air。A.净化空气正确；B.音乐不对；C.移墙不对；D.变色不对。故选A。 17. 细节理解题。through photosynthesis光合作用。A.释放化学品不对；B.用电不对；C.光合作用正确；D.蒸发不对。故选C。 18. 细节理解题。peace lily mentioned。A.玫瑰未提；B.向日葵未提；C.郁金香未提；D.和平百合正确。故选D。 19. 细节理解题。feel more relaxed and perform better。A.吃得更多不对；B.更放松正确；C.睡更久未提；D.学更少反义。故选B。 20. 细节理解题。affordable and easy to care for。A.便宜好养正确；B.贵反义；C.难养反义；D.只户外不对。故选A。 (五) Getting enough sleep is extremely important for teenagers, but many do not get the rest they need. Experts say young people aged fourteen to seventeen should sleep eight to ten hours every night. However, studies show more than half of teenagers sleep less than seven hours on school nights. Lack of sleep can cause many problems. Students who do not sleep enough often have trouble concentrating in class and receive lower test scores. Over time, poor sleep can even lead to health issues like headaches, weight gain, and a weaker immune system. One major reason teenagers do not sleep enough is the use of phones and tablets late at night. The blue light from these screens makes the brain think it is still daytime, which makes falling asleep much harder. Many teens stay up chatting or watching videos without realizing the damage. To improve sleep, experts suggest turning off all electronic devices at least one hour before bed. Keeping a regular sleep schedule, even on weekends, also helps. Creating a dark and quiet sleeping space can make a big difference to both your health and school performance. 21. How much sleep do experts recommend for teens? A. Six to eight B. Eight to ten C. Ten to twelve D. Four to six 22. What percentage of teens sleep less than seven hours? A. Less than a quarter B. One third C. Almost all D. More than half 23. What problem can lack of sleep cause? A. Better focus B. Higher scores C. Headaches and poor focus D. Weight loss 24. Why do teens have trouble sleeping? A. They use phones at night B. They eat too much C. They wake up early D. They exercise too little 25. What helps improve sleep quality? A. Drink coffee B. Turn off devices C. Sleep less on weekends D. Exercise before bed 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍充足睡眠对青少年的重要性。 【详解】 21. 细节理解题。eight to ten hours。A.六到八不对；B.八到十正确；C.十到十二不对；D.四到六不对。故选B。 22. 细节理解题。more than half。A.不到四分之一；B.三分之一；C.几乎全部；D.超过一半正确。故选D。 23. 细节理解题。headaches and poor concentration。A.更专注反义；B.更高分数反义；C.头痛注意力差正确；D.减重不对。故选C。 24. 细节理解题。use phones and tablets at night。A.睡前用手机正确；B.吃太多不对；C.早起不对；D.运动太少不对。故选A。 25. 细节理解题。turning off devices before bed。A.喝咖啡反义；B.关设备正确；C.周末少睡反义；D.睡前运动反义。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：本卷依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》编写。本系列定位为45分钟训练卷，用于课堂限时训练、周测检测和阶段复习。本卷为阅读理解专项训练第11卷，聚焦说明文体裁——科技发明与自然环境主题，通过5篇语篇帮助考生强化主旨概括、细节理解和推理判断能力。 【2027年新考纲】重庆市（高职分类考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第11卷 阅读理解（说明文） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级_________姓名_________学号_________成绩_________ 阅读理解（共25小题，每小题4分，满分100分） 阅读下列五篇短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 (一) Chongqing is famous across China for its unique and sometimes extreme weather conditions. The city lies in a natural basin surrounded by mountains, which creates a special climate that is quite different from most other Chinese cities. Summers in Chongqing are known to be very hot and humid, earning the city its nickname as one of the "Three Furnaces" of China along with Wuhan and Nanjing. The winter months, on the other hand, bring cool temperatures and heavy fog that often covers the entire city for days at a time. This is why Chongqing is also sometimes called the "Fog City" by visitors and locals alike. Spring and autumn are relatively mild and pleasant, making them the best seasons for sightseeing and outdoor activities. The unique geography of Chongqing also means that rainfall is not evenly spread throughout the year. Most of the annual rain falls during the hot summer months, often in the form of heavy thunderstorms. The table below shows average temperature and rainfall data for four representative months of the year. Month Avg Temp Rainfall Weather January 8 C 20 mm Foggy, cool April 19 C 100 mm Warm, rain July 30 C 180 mm Hot, stormy October 18 C 80 mm Mild, cloudy 1. Which month has the highest temperature? A. January B. July C. April D. October 2. How much rainfall does April have? A. 20 mm B. 80 mm C. 180 mm D. 100 mm 3. What is the temperature in October? A. 18 C B. 8 C C. 19 C D. 30 C 4. Which month is foggy and cool? A. April B. October C. January D. July 5. How much more rain in July than January? A. 100 mm B. 160 mm C. 120 mm D. 180 mm (二) Electric cars are becoming more and more popular around the world. Unlike traditional cars that burn gasoline and produce harmful smoke, electric cars run on batteries and release no pollution into the air. This makes them much better for the environment and helps fight climate change. Many countries are encouraging people to buy electric cars by offering tax benefits and building more charging stations. In China, the electric car market has grown faster than anywhere else in the world. Today, China has the largest number of electric vehicles on the road, with millions already being used in major cities like Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen. Although electric cars still cost more to buy than gasoline cars, their daily running costs are much lower. It costs about one third as much to power an electric car as it does to fuel a gasoline car. Maintenance is also cheaper because electric engines have fewer moving parts. As battery technology continues to improve, experts believe electric cars will become even cheaper and more practical. In the future, they may replace gasoline cars as the main form of transportation for most families around the world. 6. What do electric cars use instead of gasoline? A. Solar panels B. Natural gas C. Batteries D. Water power 7. Why are electric cars better for the environment? A. They produce no pollution B. They are faster C. They are larger D. They are quieter 8. How does China rank in the electric car market? A. The second largest B. The largest C. The third largest D. The fourth largest 9. How much cheaper is it to power an electric car? A. Half as much B. Twice as much C. The same amount D. One third as much 10. What will happen as battery technology improves? A. They will be slower B. They will cost more C. They will be cheaper D. They will disappear (三) Water shortage is one of the biggest problems facing the world today. Although about seventy percent of the Earth surface is covered by water, most of it is salt water in the oceans that humans cannot drink or use for daily life. Only a very small part is fresh water. Many countries in Africa and Asia already face serious water shortages. The situation is getting worse because of climate change and growing populations. Scientists warn that by the year 2050, more than half of the world population may live in areas where clean water is hard to find. There are many simple ways we can save water at home. Taking shorter showers instead of baths can save hundreds of liters each week. Turning off the tap while brushing your teeth and fixing leaking pipes immediately can save thousands of liters every year. These small actions make a big difference. We can also collect rainwater for watering plants and washing cars. Everyone can play a part in protecting this valuable resource for ourselves and for future generations. 11. What percentage of Earth is covered by water? A. 30 percent B. 50 percent C. 90 percent D. 70 percent 12. Why is the water situation getting worse? A. People drink more B. Water is cleaner C. Climate change and growth D. People waste less 13. Which is a way to save water at home? A. Taking longer showers B. Fixing leaking pipes C. Leaving taps running D. Using more water 14. What can collected rainwater be used for? A. Watering plants B. Drinking directly C. Cooking meals D. Washing clothes 15. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Water is unlimited B. We should waste more C. Only governments should act D. Water shortage is serious (四) Many people keep plants at home because they look nice and add color to a room. However, scientists have found that indoor plants can do much more than just decorate a space. Certain houseplants have the amazing ability to clean the air in our homes. Plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen through photosynthesis. More importantly, research shows that some plants can remove harmful chemicals from indoor air. These chemicals come from everyday items like furniture, paint, and cleaning products that we use at home. Two plants known to be very effective air purifiers are the snake plant and the peace lily. Both are easy to find at local flower markets and require very little care. Studies show that students who study in rooms with plants feel more relaxed and perform better on tests. Best of all, most air-purifying plants are affordable and easy to take care of. Adding a few green plants to your room is a simple and natural way to improve both the air you breathe and your overall sense of well-being. 16. What else can indoor plants do besides looking nice? A. Clean the air B. Make music C. Remove walls D. Change color 17. How do plants improve air quality naturally? A. By releasing chemicals B. By using electricity C. Through photosynthesis D. Through evaporation 18. Which plant is good at cleaning air? A. Rose B. Sunflower C. Tulip D. Peace lily 19. What benefit do students get from plants? A. They eat more B. They feel more relaxed C. They sleep longer D. They study less 20. What is true about air-purifying plants? A. They are cheap and easy B. They are very expensive C. They are hard to keep D. They only grow outside (五) Getting enough sleep is extremely important for teenagers, but many do not get the rest they need. Experts say young people aged fourteen to seventeen should sleep eight to ten hours every night. However, studies show more than half of teenagers sleep less than seven hours on school nights. Lack of sleep can cause many problems. Students who do not sleep enough often have trouble concentrating in class and receive lower test scores. Over time, poor sleep can even lead to health issues like headaches, weight gain, and a weaker immune system. One major reason teenagers do not sleep enough is the use of phones and tablets late at night. The blue light from these screens makes the brain think it is still daytime, which makes falling asleep much harder. Many teens stay up chatting or watching videos without realizing the damage. To improve sleep, experts suggest turning off all electronic devices at least one hour before bed. Keeping a regular sleep schedule, even on weekends, also helps. Creating a dark and quiet sleeping space can make a big difference to both your health and school performance. 21. How much sleep do experts recommend for teens? A. Six to eight B. Eight to ten C. Ten to twelve D. Four to six 22. What percentage of teens sleep less than seven hours? A. Less than a quarter B. One third C. Almost all D. More than half 23. What problem can lack of sleep cause? A. Better focus B. Higher scores C. Headaches and poor focus D. Weight loss 24. Why do teens have trouble sleeping? A. They use phones at night B. They eat too much C. They wake up early D. They exercise too little 25. What helps improve sleep quality? A. Drink coffee B. Turn off devices C. Sleep less on weekends D. Exercise before bed 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $