第5卷 短文填空（社会文化与科普知识）-【2027年新考纲】重庆市（高职分类考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 聚焦社会文化与科普主题，通过6篇语篇在语境中系统巩固介词、副词、连词及关系代词等词法知识，适配45分钟限时训练，提升语言应用与文化理解能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |社会文化主题|3篇15题（春节、餐桌礼仪、茶文化）|语境填词，选项为同类词法辨析|以文化场景为载体，构建时间介词（in/on）、转折连词（however）、关系代词（when）的应用逻辑链| |科普知识主题|3篇15题（水、节能、阅读）|语境填词，选项含副词（increasingly）、介词（for）|以科普内容为依托，形成介词搭配（use...for）、副词修饰（increasingly scarce）、固定句型（the+比较级...the+比较级）的知识网络|

编写说明：本卷依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》编写。本系列定位为45分钟训练卷，用于课堂限时训练、周测检测和阶段复习。本卷为短文填空专项训练第5卷，聚焦社会文化与科普知识主题，通过6篇语篇帮助考生在语境中巩固介词、副词、连词和关系代词等词法知识。 【2027年新考纲】重庆市（高职分类考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第5卷 短文填空（社会文化与科普知识） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级_________姓名_________学号_________成绩_________ 短文填空（共30小题，满分100分） 阅读下面六篇短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （第1~4篇每题3分，第5~6篇每题4分） (一) The Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival in China. It usually comes ____1____ late January or early February each year. Before the festival arrives, people clean their houses and buy new clothes to welcome the new year. On New Year Eve, all family members get together and have a big dinner with many delicious dishes. Dumplings are the most traditional food for this holiday, ____2____ people in the north of China always eat them on this special day. Children like this festival best ____3____ they can receive red envelopes with lucky money from their parents and grandparents. The celebration usually lasts ____4____ about fifteen days and finally ends with the Lantern Festival. It is truly a wonderful time ____5____ family members show their deep love and best wishes to each other. 1.A.on B. in C. at D. by 2.A.so B. and C. but D. or 3.A.so B. but C. because D. although 4.A.in B. at C. on D. for 5.A.who B. when C. where D. which (二) Water is one of the most important things for all life on Earth. Every living thing needs clean water to survive and grow. People can live ____6____ food for several weeks, but they cannot survive without water for more than just a few days. About 70 percent of our human body is actually made up of water. We use fresh water ____7____ drinking, cooking, washing, and cleaning every single day. However, clean water is becoming ____8____ scarce in many parts of the world today. We should all try to save water by taking shorter showers and turning off the tap ____9____ we brush our teeth every morning and night. Protecting our water resources ____10____ protecting our own lives and the future of our planet. 6.A.without B. with C. by D. for 7.A.to B. at C. with D. for 8.A.increase B. increased C. increasing D. increasingly 9.A.after B. when C. before D. until 10.A.mean B. means C. meaning D. meant (三) Table manners are quite different around the world. What is considered polite in one country may be ____11____ rude in another culture. In China, it is very common to share dishes from the same large plate in the middle of the table. ____12____, in many Western countries, everyone usually has their own separate plate of food. In Japan, you should ____13____ make some noise when you are eating noodles because it shows that you truly enjoy the food. But in many other countries, making noise at the dinner table is considered very impolite. When you travel to a new country, it is very ____14____ to learn about its local table manners beforehand. Knowing these customs can help you avoid embarrassment and show proper respect ____15____ the local culture and traditions. 11.A.considered B. considering C. consider D. considers 12.A.Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Instead 13.A.never B. seldom C. actually D. hardly 14.A.helped B. helps C. helping D. helpful 15.A.in B. at C. for D. to (四) Saving energy is very important for both the environment and our daily lives. There ____16____ many simple and easy things that we can do at home every day. First, always turn off the lights when you leave a room because leaving them ____17____ wastes a lot of electricity. Second, unplug your electronic devices when they are not in use. Third, try to walk or ride a bike ____18____ of driving your car for short trips. This not only helps save energy ____19____ also keeps you healthy and active. If everyone follows these small steps, we can truly make ____20____ big difference to our planet. 16.A.is B. are C. was D. were 17.A.in B. off C. on D. up 18.A.instead B. because C. without D. ahead 19.A.and B. or C. so D. but 20.A.a B. an C. the D. / (五) Dear Mike, I am so glad that you are interested in learning about Chinese tea culture. Tea has been an important part of Chinese life ____21____ thousands of years, since ancient times. There are many different kinds of tea in China, such as green tea, black tea, oolong tea, and jasmine tea. People drink tea not just because it tastes good and refreshing, but also ____22____ it is very good for our health in many ways. When you visit a Chinese family, the host will ____23____ offer you a cup of hot tea as a warm and friendly welcome. The special way of making and serving tea is called tea art, which is really beautiful to watch. I truly hope you can come to China one day and experience it ____24____. I am sure you will love it just ____25____ much as I do. Yours, Li Wei 21.A.since B. in C. for D. during 22.A.so B. because C. why D. that 23.A.never B. seldom C. always D. hardly 24.A.you B. your C. yours D. yourself 25.A.so B. too C. as D. very (六) Reading is one of the most valuable habits that any person can develop in their lifetime. It opens the door ____26____ new ideas, different cultures, and exciting adventures without leaving your chair. Many studies show that people ____27____ read regularly have much better memory and stronger thinking skills. Reading also helps reduce stress effectively. Just six minutes of quiet reading can lower stress levels by more than 60 percent. In today’ digital world, many young people spend far too much time ____28____ screens instead of books. Experts suggest that we should put down our phones and pick up a book instead. The more you read, the ____29____ you will understand the world around you. Make reading a daily habit, and you will find it truly changes ____30____ life for the better. 26.A.for B. to C. at D. with 27.A.which B. whom C. who D. whose 28.A.in B. at C. for D. on 29.A.more B. most C. much D. many 30.A.you B. your C. yours D. yourself 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：本卷依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》编写。本系列定位为45分钟训练卷，用于课堂限时训练、周测检测和阶段复习。本卷为短文填空专项训练第5卷，聚焦社会文化与科普知识主题，通过6篇语篇帮助考生在语境中巩固介词、副词、连词和关系代词等词法知识。 【2027年新考纲】重庆市（高职分类考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第5卷 短文填空（社会文化与科普知识） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级_________姓名_________学号_________成绩_________ 短文填空（共30小题，满分100分） 阅读下面六篇短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 （第1~4篇每题3分，第5~6篇每题4分） (一) The Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival in China. It usually comes ____1____ late January or early February each year. Before the festival arrives, people clean their houses and buy new clothes to welcome the new year. On New Year Eve, all family members get together and have a big dinner with many delicious dishes. Dumplings are the most traditional food for this holiday, ____2____ people in the north of China always eat them on this special day. Children like this festival best ____3____ they can receive red envelopes with lucky money from their parents and grandparents. The celebration usually lasts ____4____ about fifteen days and finally ends with the Lantern Festival. It is truly a wonderful time ____5____ family members show their deep love and best wishes to each other. 1.A.on B. in C. at D. by 2.A.so B. and C. but D. or 3.A.so B. but C. because D. although 4.A.in B. at C. on D. for 5.A.who B. when C. where D. which 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国最重要的传统节日春节。 【详解】 1. 考查介词辨析。句意：春节通常在一月下旬或二月初到来。在某个月份前用介词in。A.on用于具体的某一天或星期，不适用于月份；B.in用于月份、年份、季节前，此处正确；C.at用于具体时刻或小地点；D.by表示方式或截止时间，在此处不通顺。故选B。 2. 考查连词辨析。句意：饺子是最传统的食物，所以中国北方人总在这个特殊的日子里吃饺子。前后句构成因果关系，应用so。A.so因此、所以，表结果正确；B.and表并列关系，但不能体现因果逻辑；C.but表转折关系，与句意不符；D.or表选择关系，不合语境。故选A。 3. 考查连词辨析。句意：孩子们最喜欢这个节日因为他们能从父母那里收到红包。前后构成因果关系，应用because。A.so表结果，逻辑颠倒，此处前果后因应用because；B.but表转折，前句说喜欢后句解释原因不是转折；C.because因为，引导原因状语从句正确；D.although意为虽然，表让步不合逻辑。故选C。 4. 考查介词辨析。句意：庆祝活动通常持续大约十五天。for后接时间段表示持续时长。A.in用于月份或年份，不表示持续；B.at用于具体时刻；C.on用于具体某一天；D.for加时间段表示持续多久，此处正确。故选D。 5. 考查关系副词辨析。句意：这是一个家人互相表达关爱和祝福的美好时刻。time后跟定语从句，表示时间用when引导。A.who指人，不能修饰time；B.when指代时间，在定语从句中作时间状语正确；C.where指地点，不能修饰time；D.which指物，time此处作为时间概念更适合用when。故选B。 (二) Water is one of the most important things for all life on Earth. Every living thing needs clean water to survive and grow. People can live ____6____ food for several weeks, but they cannot survive without water for more than just a few days. About 70 percent of our human body is actually made up of water. We use fresh water ____7____ drinking, cooking, washing, and cleaning every single day. However, clean water is becoming ____8____ scarce in many parts of the world today. We should all try to save water by taking shorter showers and turning off the tap ____9____ we brush our teeth every morning and night. Protecting our water resources ____10____ protecting our own lives and the future of our planet. 6.A.without B. with C. by D. for 7.A.to B. at C. with D. for 8.A.increase B. increased C. increasing D. increasingly 9.A.after B. when C. before D. until 10.A.mean B. means C. meaning D. meant 【答案】6. C 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍水对人类和地球的重要性。 【详解】 6. 考查介词辨析。句意：人们可以靠食物生存数周。live by food意为靠食物维持生命，by表示依靠、凭借。A.without表没有，与后文but转折逻辑断裂，后面说without water说明water对比food两者应有共性；B.with表示带有或伴随，不符合live on/by的搭配习惯；C.by靠、通过，live by food为正确表达；D.for为了，不表示生存方式。故选C。 7. 考查介词辨析。句意：我们每天使用淡水来饮用、做饭、洗涤和清洁。use sth for doing表示用某物来做某事。A.to后接动词原形不定式表目的，但use sth to do更常见，use sth to doing少见；B.at表示地点或时间，无法表示用途；C.with表示伴随或工具，不用于此结构；D.for表用途或目的，use water for drinking为正确搭配。故选D。 8. 考查副词辨析。句意：然而，清洁用水在世界许多地方正变得越来越稀缺。修饰形容词scarce需要用副词。A.increase是动词，不能修饰形容词；B.increased是形容词，意为增加了的，放在此处语义不通；C.increasing是形容词或动名词，不能直接修饰scarce；D.increasingly是副词，意为越来越、日益，修饰形容词正确。故选D。 9. 考查连词辨析。句意：我们应该在刷牙之后关水龙头。根据日常节水习惯，应该是刷完牙后关水。A.after在之后，符合逻辑正确；B.when当...时，不强调先后顺序；C.before在...之前，如选此项则指刷牙前关水，逻辑恰好相反；D.until直到，不符合日常节水习惯。故选A。 10. 考查主谓一致辨析。句意：保护水资源意味着保护我们自己的生命。动名词短语Protecting作主语，谓语动词用单数。A.mean动词原形，主语为单数概念时不能用原形；B.means第三人称单数，与动名词主语一致正确；C.meaning现在分词或动名词，不能独立作谓语；D.meant过去式，此处不是过去时态。故选B。 (三) Table manners are quite different around the world. What is considered polite in one country may be ____11____ rude in another culture. In China, it is very common to share dishes from the same large plate in the middle of the table. ____12____, in many Western countries, everyone usually has their own separate plate of food. In Japan, you should ____13____ make some noise when you are eating noodles because it shows that you truly enjoy the food. But in many other countries, making noise at the dinner table is considered very impolite. When you travel to a new country, it is very ____14____ to learn about its local table manners beforehand. Knowing these customs can help you avoid embarrassment and show proper respect ____15____ the local culture and traditions. 11.A.considered B. considering C. consider D. considers 12.A.Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Instead 13.A.never B. seldom C. actually D. hardly 14.A.helped B. helps C. helping D. helpful 15.A.in B. at C. for D. to 【答案】11. A 12. B 13. C 14. D 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍不同国家的餐桌礼仪文化差异。 【详解】 11. 考查被动语态辨析。句意：在一个国家被认为是礼貌的可能在另一文化中被认作粗鲁。may be后接过去分词构成被动。A.considered过去分词正确；B.considering现在分词主动不合；C.consider原形不能构成被动；D.considers三单不能用于被动。故选A。 12. 考查副词辨析。句意：然而，在许多西方国家，每人有自己的盘子。前后句对比用餐方式。A.Therefore因此；B.However然而表转折；C.Besides此外递进；D.Instead反而。故选B。 13. 考查副词辨析。句意：在日本，吃面条时你应该确实发出一些声音。根据后文because的解释，这表示你享受食物，所以此处应填入肯定意义。A.never从不，完全否定，与后文解释互相矛盾；B.seldom很少，表示几乎不，与句意完全相反；C.actually实际上、确实，表示肯定意义，符合语境正确；D.hardly几乎不，否定含义，与后文because从句逻辑矛盾。故选C。 14. 考查形容词辨析。句意：去旅行时，提前了解当地餐桌礼仪是非常有帮助的。it is后接形容词作表语构成it is+adj+to do句型。A.helped是动词过去式，不能作表语；B.helps是动词三单，不能作表语；C.helping是动名词，可以直接作主语，但此处需要形容词作表语；D.helpful形容词，意为有帮助的正确。故选D。 15. 考查介词辨析。句意：了解这些习俗能帮助你避免尴尬并对当地文化表示尊重。show respect for为固定搭配，意为对...表示尊重。A.in表示在...里面，不构成固定搭配；B.at表示在具体地点或时间，不与respect搭配；C.for表示对于、关于，show respect for正确；D.to表示方向，不构成此固定搭配。故选C。 (四) Saving energy is very important for both the environment and our daily lives. There ____16____ many simple and easy things that we can do at home every day. First, always turn off the lights when you leave a room because leaving them ____17____ wastes a lot of electricity. Second, unplug your electronic devices when they are not in use. Third, try to walk or ride a bike ____18____ of driving your car for short trips. This not only helps save energy ____19____ also keeps you healthy and active. If everyone follows these small steps, we can truly make ____20____ big difference to our planet. 16.A.is B. are C. was D. were 17.A.in B. off C. on D. up 18.A.instead B. because C. without D. ahead 19.A.and B. or C. so D. but 20.A.a B. an C. the D. / 【答案】16. B 17. C 18. A 19. D 20. A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍日常生活中节约能源的几种实用方法。 【详解】 16. 考查主谓一致。句意：有很多简单易行的事情我们可以在家做。there be句型中，主语things为复数，be动词用are。A.is用于单数主语；B.are用于复数主语正确；C.was过去时单数，时态和数都不对；D.were过去时复数，但描述一般事实用现在时。故选B。 17. 考查副词搭配。句意：让灯开着浪费大量电。leave sth on为固定搭配，让保持开着状态。A.leave in不构成完整搭配；B.leave off意为停止、中断，与语境不符；C.leave on让灯开着正确；D.leave up不构成常见搭配。故选C。 18. 考查介词搭配。句意：尝试步行或骑自行车而不是开车。instead of为固定短语，意为代替。A.instead of正确搭配；B.because of表示因为，逻辑不通；C.without of不构成正确搭配；D.ahead of表示在前面，语义不通。故选A。 19. 考查连词搭配。句意：这不仅有助于节约能源，而且让你保持健康。not only...but also为固定搭配，意为不仅而且。A.and不构成not only...and结构；B.or表选择，不与not only连用；C.so表因果，不与not only连用；D.but与also构成not only...but also正确。故选D。 20. 考查冠词。句意：我们可以对我们的星球产生重大影响。make a big difference为固定短语，意为产生重大影响。A.a用于辅音开头big正确；B.an用于元音开头；C.the特指某事物；D.零冠词此处结构不完整。故选A。 (五) Dear Mike, I am so glad that you are interested in learning about Chinese tea culture. Tea has been an important part of Chinese life ____21____ thousands of years, since ancient times. There are many different kinds of tea in China, such as green tea, black tea, oolong tea, and jasmine tea. People drink tea not just because it tastes good and refreshing, but also ____22____ it is very good for our health in many ways. When you visit a Chinese family, the host will ____23____ offer you a cup of hot tea as a warm and friendly welcome. The special way of making and serving tea is called tea art, which is really beautiful to watch. I truly hope you can come to China one day and experience it ____24____. I am sure you will love it just ____25____ much as I do. Yours, Li Wei 21.A.since B. in C. for D. during 22.A.so B. because C. why D. that 23.A.never B. seldom C. always D. hardly 24.A.you B. your C. yours D. yourself 25.A.so B. too C. as D. very 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. C 24. D 25. C 【导语】本文是一封信件，向外国朋友介绍中国茶文化的悠久历史。 【详解】 21. 考查介词辨析。句意：茶数千年来一直是中国生活的重要组成部分。for后接时间段表持续。A.since接时间点；B.in接月份；C.for接时间段正确；D.during接名词。故选C。 22. 考查连词辨析。句意：人们喝茶不仅因为好喝，还因为对健康有益。not just ...but also 连接人们喜欢喝茶的两个并列原因。A.so表结果；B.because并列原因；C.why疑问词；D.that无因果义。故选B。 23. 考查副词辨析。句意：主人总会给你一杯热茶作为热情欢迎。根据中国文化待客习惯，为肯定意义。A.never从不，与茶文化传统完全相反；B.seldom很少，不符合中国待客习惯；C.always总是，符合文化常识正确；D.hardly几乎不，否定含义不正确。故选C。 24. 考查反身代词辨析。句意：希望你能亲自来体验。experience it yourself意为亲身经历。A.you是主格人称代词，不能作间接宾语；B.your是形容词性物主代词，后面需接名词；C.yours是名词性物主代词，不能表达亲自之意；D.yourself反身代词，强调亲自正确。故选D。 25. 考查固定搭配。句意：你一定会和我一样喜欢它。as...as为同级比较结构，as much as表示和...一样多。A.so...as用于否定句，此处为肯定句不适用；B.too不与as连用构成同级比较；C.as...as正确搭配，表示同级比较；D.very不用于此比较结构。故选C。 (六) Reading is one of the most valuable habits that any person can develop in their lifetime. It opens the door ____26____ new ideas, different cultures, and exciting adventures without leaving your chair. Many studies show that people ____27____ read regularly have much better memory and stronger thinking skills. Reading also helps reduce stress effectively. Just six minutes of quiet reading can lower stress levels by more than 60 percent. In today’ digital world, many young people spend far too much time ____28____ screens instead of books. Experts suggest that we should put down our phones and pick up a book instead. The more you read, the ____29____ you will understand the world around you. Make reading a daily habit, and you will find it truly changes ____30____ life for the better. 26.A.for B. to C. at D. with 27.A.which B. whom C. who D. whose 28.A.in B. at C. for D. on 29.A.more B. most C. much D. many 30.A.you B. your C. yours D. yourself 【答案】26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍阅读对个人成长和大脑发展的重要性。 【详解】 26. 考查介词搭配。句意：阅读打开了通往新思想的大门。open the door to为固定搭配，意为打开通往...的门。A.for表目的，不构成此搭配；B.to通往、朝向正确；C.at表地点，不能表示方向；D.with表伴随，不构成此固定搭配。故选B。 27. 考查关系代词辨析。句意：经常阅读的人记忆力更好。定语从句修饰people（人），用who引导。A.which指物，不能修饰人；B.whom指人的宾格，此处从句缺主语需用主格；C.who指人主格，在此作从句主语正确；D.whose表所有格，此处不需表所属关系。故选C。 28. 考查介词搭配。句意：年轻人花太多时间在屏幕上。spend time on sth为固定搭配，花时间在某事上。A.in后接doing形式而非名词；B.at不与spend搭配表示花费时间；C.for不与spend表示时间花费；D.on用于spend time on sth结构正确。故选D。 29. 考查比较级结构。句意：读得越多，你越能理解世界。the more...the more为固定比较级结构。A.more比较级，用于此结构正确；B.most最高级不用于the...the结构；C.much原级，the...the结构需用比较级；D.many原级，同理不适用。故选A。 30. 考查物主代词辨析。句意：阅读真正改变了你的生活。修饰名词life需要形容词性物主代词。A.you是主格人称代词，不能修饰名词；B.your形容词性物主代词，可修饰名词正确；C.yours是名词性物主代词，后不能再接名词；D.yourself是反身代词，不能作定语。故选B。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $