Unit 5 单元测试B卷 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

**基本信息** 本卷为人教版九年级上Unit 5单元测试B卷（满分120分），以“科技发明”为主题，融合听力、阅读、语言运用及书面表达，适配单元复习，注重语言能力与思维品质的协同培养。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |听力理解|20分|发明品质、科技影响等话题|情境贴近科技前沿，考查细节与主旨理解| |阅读理解|40分|创新成本、意外发现、专利系统等|文本兼具科学性与人文性，设推理与批判题| |完形填空|15分|青霉素发现过程|故事性强，考查上下文逻辑与词汇运用| |词汇运用|15分|prototype、patent等科技词汇|结合发明流程，强化主题词汇应用| |语法填空|10分|计算机发展历程|含时态、比较级等语法，渗透科技史| |书面表达|20分|科技利弊分析|要求辩证论述，提升综合语言输出与思维深度|

2026-2027年人教版九年级上Unit 5 单元测试B卷 (满分:120分　考试时间:100分钟) 第一部分　听力理解 (共三节，满分20分) 第一节 (共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分) 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 1. What does the woman think is the most important quality of an inventor? A. Intelligence. B. Persistence. C. Creativity. 2. What is the man’s view on technology and human connection? A. Technology improves human connection. B. Technology weakens human connection. C. Technology has no effect on human connection. 3. What does the woman say about the invention of the camera? A. It changed how we remember the past. B. It was an instant success. C. It was invented by accident. 4. Why does the man prefer old inventions to new ones? A. They are simpler. B. They last longer. C. They have more character. 5. What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. The ethics of artificial intelligence. B. The history of robots. C. The future of space exploration. 第二节 (共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面2段较长对话。每段对话后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听下面一段较长对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。 6. What problem does the man face? A. His invention doesn’t work. B. His invention is too expensive to produce. C. He doesn’t know how to market his invention. 7. What advice does the woman give? A. Give up the project. B. Look for investors. C. Improve the design first. 听下面一段较长对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。 8. What is the girl’s project about? A. A new type of battery. B. A water purification system. C. A solar-powered device. 9. What challenge does she mention? A. Finding the right materials. B. Making it affordable. C. Getting permission to test it. 10. What does the boy suggest she do? A. Apply for a patent. B. Collaborate with a university. C. Start a crowdfunding campaign. 第三节 (共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分) 听下面一段独白，独白后有5个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 11. What is the speaker’s profession? A. A historian of technology. B. A robotics engineer. C. A science fiction writer. 12. What does the speaker say about the relationship between science fiction and real inventions? A. Science fiction predicts all inventions.  B. Science fiction inspires real inventors.  C. Science fiction has no influence on reality. 13. What example does the speaker give? A. The smartphone. B. The submarine. C. The space station. 14. What does the speaker warn about? A. Technology is moving too fast. B. Some technologies are dangerous. C. People rely too much on technology. 15. What is the speaker’s final message? A. We should embrace all new technologies. B. We should be critical of new technologies. C. We should balance innovation with caution. 第二部分　阅读理解 (共两节，满分40分) 第一节　阅读理解 (共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The Hidden Costs of Innovation We tend to celebrate inventors as heroes who make our lives better. But every invention has a hidden cost. The light bulb, for example, gave us the ability to work at night — but it also disrupted our natural sleep cycles. The car gave us freedom to travel — but it also polluted our air and made our cities less walkable. Consider the smartphone. It has revolutionized communication. We can connect with anyone, anywhere, instantly. But studies show that smartphone use is linked to increased anxiety, shorter attention spans, and a decline in face-to-face social skills. We may be more connected digitally, but we are often less connected emotionally. Social media, another invention of the digital age, has similar effects. It can bring people together, but it can also spread misinformation and create echo chambers. The same tool that empowers activists can also be used to spread hate. This does not mean we should reject innovation. But it does mean that we should be aware of the trade-offs. Every invention brings both benefits and risks. The wise inventor — and the wise user — considers both sides before embracing the new. 16. What is the main argument of this passage? A. Inventions always make our lives better. B. Every invention has both benefits and costs. C. We should stop using smartphones. D. Only old inventions are good. 17. What is one negative effect of the smartphone mentioned in the passage? A. It is too expensive. B. It increases anxiety. C. It is difficult to use. D. It breaks easily. 18. What does the writer suggest about social media? A. It should be banned. B. It has both positive and negative uses. C. It is only used for spreading hate. D. It is more harmful than helpful. B The Accidental Discoveries That Changed the World History is full of inventions that were discovered by mistake. The microwave oven, as we know, was discovered when an engineer noticed a melted candy bar. Penicillin, one of the most important medical discoveries, was found when Alexander Fleming noticed mold killing bacteria in a petri dish. These “happy accidents” show that innovation is not always a straight line. But why do some people notice these accidents while others ignore them? The answer lies in what psychologists call “preparedness of mind.” Louis Pasteur famously said, “Chance favors the prepared mind.” Fleming, for example, had the knowledge to understand what he was seeing. He had been studying bacteria for years. He didn’t just see mold — he saw an opportunity. This suggests that creativity is not just about having ideas. It is also about recognizing the significance of unexpected events. An inventor must be curious, observant, and willing to pursue a strange observation even when it doesn’t fit the original plan. So, if you want to become an inventor, don’t just focus on your goals. Keep your eyes open for the unexpected. Sometimes, the best discoveries are the ones you weren’t looking for. 19. What is the main idea of this passage? A. Most inventions are planned carefully. B. Many discoveries happen by accident. C. Scientists are always lucky. D. Accidents are never helpful. 20. What does the underlined phrase “preparedness of mind” mean? A. Being ready for any situation. B. Having the knowledge to recognize opportunities. C. Being able to predict the future. D. Having a good memory. 21. What did Fleming need to recognize the importance of what he saw? A. Luck. B. Prior knowledge and curiosity. C. A well-equipped laboratory. D. A team of assistants. 22. What advice does the writer give to future inventors? A. Always follow the original plan. B. Be open to unexpected observations. C. Avoid making mistakes. D. Work alone. C The Patent System: Friend or Foe? The patent system was designed to encourage innovation. By giving inventors exclusive rights to their creations for a limited time, it provides a financial incentive to invest in research and development. Without patents, some argue, there would be little motivation to invent, since anyone could copy and profit from an inventor’s work. However, the patent system has its critics. Some argue that patents actually stifle innovation. Large companies use patents to block competitors, creating monopolies that restrict access to technology. In the pharmaceutical industry, for example, drug companies often patent medicines and keep prices high, making essential treatments unaffordable for many. There is also the problem of “patent trolls” — companies that buy patents not to produce anything, but to sue others for infringement. This wastes time and money that could be spent on actual research. Some argue that the system has become a game of litigation rather than a system of invention. Reformers suggest a balance. They propose shorter patent terms, stricter criteria for what can be patented, and more exceptions for research and development. The goal is to reward inventors without hindering the progress that benefits everyone. 23. What is the original purpose of the patent system? A. To make inventors rich. B. To encourage innovation. C. To reduce competition. D. To control the economy. 24. What is one criticism of the patent system? A. It is too easy to get a patent. B. It can be used to block competition. C. It is not strict enough. D. It only benefits small inventors. 25. What are “patent trolls”? A. Inventors who create new patents. B. Companies that sue others without producing anything. C. Researchers who work on new technologies. D. Government officials who approve patents. 26. What does the writer suggest in the last paragraph? A. Abolish the patent system. B. Reform the patent system to balance protection and access. C. Make patents last forever. D. Give patents to everyone. D ① In 1980, a young engineer named James Dyson was frustrated with his vacuum cleaner. The bag would clog, and the suction would weaken. He wondered: could a vacuum cleaner work without a bag? ② Dyson spent five years creating over 5,000 prototypes. Each one failed. He used his savings, borrowed money, and almost went bankrupt. Many people told him to give up. But Dyson believed in his idea. He kept refining his design until he finally succeeded. ③ The Dyson vacuum cleaner became a huge success. But Dyson’s story is not just about a vacuum cleaner. It is about the nature of innovation. Dyson didn’t invent a new technology. He took an existing technology — cyclone separation — and applied it to a new problem. This is how many great inventions happen. ④ Dyson’s story also challenges the myth of the “overnight success.” His success took years of failure. Each failure taught him something new. In interviews, Dyson often says, “Innovation is about thinking differently and not being afraid of failure.” 27. What problem did James Dyson want to solve? A. Vacuum cleaners were too expensive. B. Vacuum cleaners lost suction because of clogged bags. C. Vacuum cleaners were too heavy. D. Vacuum cleaners were not durable. 28. How long did Dyson work on his invention? A. One year. B. Three years. C. Five years. D. Ten years. 29. What does the writer say about Dyson’s innovation? A. He invented a completely new technology. B. He applied existing technology to a new problem. C. He copied someone else’s idea. D. He was lucky. 30. What is the best structure of the text? A. ①—②③—④ B. ①②—③—④ C. ①—②—③④ D. ①②③—④ 第二节　任务型阅读 (共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读下面材料，从方框中所给的A—E五个选项中选出正确选项（其中一项是多余选项），将其序号填入第31—34小题，并回答第35小题。 The Ethics of Invention Every inventor faces a moral question: should I create something just because I can? History is full of inventions that were used for harm, even though they were intended for good. 31. ______ Consider the consequences. Before developing a new technology, ask yourself: How could this be misused? Who might be harmed? 32. ______ Seek diverse perspectives. Inventors often work in isolation. But a diverse team can identify risks that one person might miss. 33. ______ Be transparent. Don’t hide potential risks. Share your findings openly so others can study them and raise concerns. 34. ______ In the end, the question is not just “Can I invent this?” but “Should I invent this?” Great inventors are not just creative — they are wise. 方框： A. This is the essence of responsible innovation. B. So how can inventors ensure their work serves humanity? C. This is why collaboration is essential. D. Only the most intelligent people can be inventors. E. Anticipating misuse is part of the design process. 31. ______   32. ______   33. ______   34. ______ 35. Do you think inventors should be responsible for how their inventions are used? Why? (不超过15词)                                                                                                            第三部分　语言运用 (共三节，满分40分) 第一节　完形填空 (共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 In 1928, Alexander Fleming returned from a vacation to find that a mold had grown on one of his bacterial 36. ______. Instead of throwing it away, he 37. ______ it carefully. He noticed that the bacteria around the mold had been 38. ______. This observation led to the discovery of penicillin, one of the most 39. ______ antibiotics in history. But Fleming’s story is more than just a 40. ______ discovery. It is also a story about the importance of 41. ______. Fleming could have easily thrown away the contaminated plate. Instead, he took the time to 42. ______ what had happened. His curiosity, not his luck, was what 43. ______ to the discovery. However, it took another ten years for penicillin to be 44. ______ into a usable drug. Other scientists, including Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, worked tirelessly to 45. ______ the antibiotic. They faced many 46. ______. They had to find a way to produce enough penicillin to treat humans. They also had to 47. ______ the drug safe and effective. Their work saved millions of lives. But it also 48. ______ a question about the nature of innovation. Is an invention the product of a single 49. ______ or a collective effort? The story of penicillin shows that it is both. Great discoveries often require a 50. ______ of individual insight and collaborative work. 36. A. plates   B. books   C. rooms   D. tools 37. A. threw away   B. ignored   C. examined   D. hid 38. A. grown   B. destroyed   C. moved   D. reproduced 39. A. dangerous   B. expensive   C. powerful   D. unknown 40. A. planned   B. accidental   C. simple   D. complicated 41. A. courage   B. patience   C. curiosity   D. ambition 42. A. ignore   B. investigate   C. forget   D. remember 43. A. led   B. added   C. compared   D. referred 44. A. developed   B. written   C. stored   D. sold 45. A. destroy   B. avoid   C. produce   D. test 46. A. challenges   B. opportunities   C. failures   D. successes 47. A. think   B. make   C. consider   D. prove 48. A. solved   B. raised   C. ignored   D. avoided 49. A. inventor   B. user   C. student   D. critic 50. A. mixture   B. competition   C. separation   D. replacement 第二节　词汇运用 (共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分) A. 将方框中所给单词的适当形式填入短文中，每词仅用一次。(共5小题，每小题1分，满分5分)  obsolete   prototype   patent   innovation   revolutionize Every 51. ______ begins with an idea. But a good idea is not enough. Inventors must build a working 52. ______ to test their design. If the idea is truly original, they should apply for a 53. ______ to protect their rights. Over time, new technologies can 54. ______ entire industries. They can make old methods 55. ______ and create new possibilities. 51. ______   52. ______   53. ______   54. ______   55. ______ B. 阅读下面短文，根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式（每空一词）。(共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分) In the 15th century, Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press. This 56. ______ (设备) changed the world. Before the printing press, books were 57. ______ (手写的) and very expensive. Only the wealthy could afford them. Gutenberg’s invention made it possible to 58. ______ (生产) books quickly and cheaply. This 59. ______ (导致) a spread of knowledge across Europe. More people learned to read and write. The printing press also 60. ______ (帮助) to spread new ideas. It played a key role in the Renaissance and the Reformation. Gutenberg’s 61. ______ (成就) is a reminder that technology can have 62. ______ (深远的) social impact. His invention was not just a 63. ______ (技术) breakthrough — it was a 64. ______ (文化) revolution. We are still 65. ______ (受益) from his work today. 第三节　语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 The computer is one of the most significant inventions of the 20th century. But its development 66. ______ (involve) the work of many people. The first computers were huge machines that filled entire rooms. They were 67. ______ (incredible) expensive and only 68. ______ (use) by governments and large institutions. In the 1970s, the invention of the microprocessor made computers smaller and 69. ______ (afford). This led to the development of the personal computer, 70. ______ revolutionized the way people work and communicate. Today, computers are 71. ______ common that we can’t imagine life without 72. ______ (they). 73. ______ the computer was invented, many people worried that it would lead to job losses. While some jobs have indeed disappeared, new jobs have also been 74. ______ (create). The key is to adapt 75. ______ change and learn new skills. 第四部分　书面表达 (共1小题，满分20分) 科技发明给我们的生活带来了巨大变化，但同时也带来了新的问题。请你根据以下提示，以“The Double-Edged Sword of Technology”为题，写一篇英文短文。 要点提示： · 介绍一项你认为重要的发明及其带来的好处； · 指出这项发明带来的负面影响或潜在风险； · 你认为我们应该如何平衡科技发展的利弊； · 你对未来科技发展有什么期望或建议。 The Double-Edged Sword of Technology Technology has transformed our lives in countless ways, but it is not without its downsides. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案 听力理解 第一节： 1-5 B B A C A 第二节： 6-7 B C   8-10 B B B 第三节： 11-15 A B A B C 阅读理解 A篇： 16-18 B B B B篇： 19-22 B B B B C篇： 23-26 B B B B D篇： 27-30 B C B A 任务型阅读 31. B   32. E   33. C   34. A 35. Yes, because inventors should consider how their creations may be misused. (答案不唯一) 完形填空 36-40 A C B C B   41-45 C B A A C   46-50 A B B A A 词汇运用 A部分： 51. innovation   52. prototype   53. patent   54. revolutionize   55. obsolete B部分： 56. device   57. handwritten   58. produce   59. led   60. helped   61. achievement   62. profound   63. technological   64. cultural   65. benefiting 语法填空 66. involved   67. incredibly   68. used   69. more affordable   70. which   71. so   72. them   73. When   74. created   75. to 书面表达 (略) 听力材料 第一节 Text 1 M: What do you think makes a good inventor? W: I think persistence is more important than intelligence. Many inventors fail many times before they succeed. Text 2 W: Technology has made it easier to stay in touch with people far away. M: Yes, but I think it also makes us less connected to the people right in front of us. Text 3 M: The camera is such a useful invention. W: It really changed how we preserve memories. Before cameras, we had to rely on paintings and stories. Text 4 W: I love new gadgets. They make life so much easier. M: I prefer old inventions. They feel more honest and reliable. Text 5 W: Do you think AI will ever become conscious? M: That’s a question we need to think about carefully. It’s not just about whether we can — it’s about whether we should. 第二节 Text 6 (6-7) M: I’ve been working on my invention for two years, but I can’t find anyone to fund it. W: Have you considered looking for investors? M: I have, but they all want to see a working prototype first. I’m stuck. W: Maybe you should focus on improving the design and then try again. Text 7 (8-10) M: What are you working on for the science fair? W: I’m developing a water purification system that can be used in rural areas. M: That sounds very useful. What’s the biggest challenge? W: Making it affordable for the people who need it most. M: You could partner with a university to get funding and expertise. 第三节 Text 8 (11-15) Good evening, everyone. As a historian of technology, I have studied the relationship between imagination and invention. One interesting pattern is how science fiction has inspired real inventions. Jules Verne wrote about submarines and space travel long before they existed. Star Trek featured handheld communicators that look remarkably like smartphones. Science fiction doesn’t just predict the future — it inspires it. However, we must also remember that not all technologies are beneficial. Some can be dangerous if misused. The same nuclear energy that powers our cities can also destroy them. So, while we should encourage innovation, we should also approach it with caution. The future is not something that happens to us — it is something we create, for better or worse. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $