Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元复习检测-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

2026-2027高中英语 选择性必修三 Unit 3　ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 单元复习整理 1． 单词默写 【阅读词汇】 1.graph n. 　　　　　  2.emission n. 　　　　　  3.seal n. 　　　　　  4.methane n. 　　　　　  5.carbon n. 　　　　　  6.dioxide n. 　　　　　  7.carbon dioxide 　　　　　  8.fossil n. 　　　　　  9.fossil fuel 　　　　　  10.footprint n. 　　　　　  11.basin n. 　　　　　  12.penguin n. 　　　　　  13.tropical adj. 　　　　　  14.nuclear adj. 　　　　　  15.jungle n. 　　　　　  16.volume n. 　　　　　  17.garbage n. 　　　　　  18.enterprise n. 　　　　　  19.campaign n. 　　　　　　vi. & vt. 　　　　　　  20.waterway n. 　　　　　  21.agenda n. 　　　　　  【写作词汇】 22.　　　　　　 vi. & vt.(使)融化;熔化;软化  23.　　　　　　 vt. & n.排放;释放;发布  24.　　　　　　 n. 燃料;刺激性言行 v.给……提供燃料;加强  25.　　　　　　 adv.遍及全球地 adj.世界各地的;影响全世界的  26.　　　　　　 n.趋势;趋向;动向  27.　　　　　　 vt. & vi.(　　　　,　　　　)播送;广播;传播 n.广播节目;电视节目  28.　　　　　　 n.政策;方针;原则  29.　　　　　　 vt.抓住;夺取;控制  30.　　　　　　 vi. & vt.改革;(使)改正;改造 n.改革;变革;改良  31.　　　　　　 vt.(　　　　,　　　　)经历;经受(变化、不快等)  32.　　　　　　 vt. 使生效; 贯彻; 执行   33.　　　　　　 n.混乱;杂乱;紊乱  34.　　　　　　 vt.恢复;使复原;修复  35.　　　　　　 n.(一)打;十二个  36.　　　　　　 n. 去掉; 清除; 处理   37.　　　　　　 vt.对……处以罚款   【拓展词汇】 38.　　　　　　 vi.& vt.(使)挨饿;饿死→　　　　　　 n.饥饿;挨饿;饿死  39.　　　　　　 n.生态;生态学→　　　　　　 n.生态学家→　　　　　　 adj.生态的,生态学的→　　　　　　 adv.从生态学的观点看   40.　　　　　 adj. 适合居住的→　　　　　 n. 栖息地  41.　　　　　　 vt.维持;遭受;承受住→　　　　　　 adj.可持续的;合理利用的→　　　　　　 adj.持续的;持久的  42.　　　　　　 adj.全部的;所有的;详尽的→　　　　　　 adv.完全地;彻底地→　　　　　　 v.理解;领悟→　　　　　　 n.理解力  43.　　　　　　 adv.频繁地;经常→frequent adj.经常性的;频繁的→　　　　　　 n.频繁  44.　　　　　 vt.限制;限定;束缚→　　　　　 n.限制规定;限制法规;约束→　　　　　　 adj.受限制的;保密的→　　　　　　 adj.限制性的;约束的  45.　　　　　　 n.融洽;协调→　　　　　　 adj.和谐的   46.moderate adj.适度的;中等的;温和的 v.缓和;使适中→　　　　　　 n.适度;适中;合理  47.　　　　　　 vt.& vi.提交;呈递;屈服→　　　　　　 n.提交;呈递;屈服  48.　　　　　　 adj.每年的;一年的 n.年刊;年鉴→　　　　　　 adv.每年;一年一次地  49.　　　　　　 n.感觉;理解力→　　　　　　 adj.敏感的;善解人意的;灵敏的→　　　　　　 adj.明智的;合理的→　　　　　　 adj.无意义的;失去知觉的→　　　　　　 adv.易感知地;过敏地  50.　　　　　　 n.烟雾(烟与雾混合的空气污染物)→　　　　　　 adj.烟雾弥漫的  51.　　　　　　 vi. & vt.起源;发源;创立→original adj.原来的;独创的;原作的 n.原件;原作  52.conserve vt.保护→　　　　　　 n.(对环境、文物等)保护;保持→　　　　　　 adj.保守的→　　　　　　 adv.保守地;谨慎地  53.regulate v.调整;控制;管理→　　　　　　 n.章程;规章制度→　　　　　　 adj.定期的;有规律的→　　　　　　 adj.不整齐的;不规则的;不正常的  54.inspect vt.检查;视察→　　　　　　 n.检查;查看;视察→　　　　　　 n.检查员;视察员  55.tolerate vt.忍受;包容;容许→　　　　　　 n.容忍;宽容→　　　　　　 adj.可容忍的→　　　　　 adj.容忍的;宽容的→　　　　　 adv.容忍地   二．单元语法填空 Good afternoon, everyone, I am Li Hua from China. I am delighted to deliver a speech regarding environmental conservation on behalf of International Youth League. The earth 1.　　　　　　　　　　 (undergo) a severe environmental crisis in the past few decades. Global warming, which is caused by the emission of carbon dioxide and destruction of tropical forests, has a harmful effect on ecology. We 2.　　　　　　　(frequent) see news broadcasts that dozens of polar bears starved to death because the melting ice made it hard for them to hunt seals. Some were killed by mistakenly eating garbage such as plastic bags thrown into the ocean. Therefore, due to the warming trend, the pole areas may eventually fail to sustain life and become 3.　　　　　　　 (inhabitable). Besides, there is 4.　　　　　　　 (comprehension) evidence that global warming has led to an increase in natural disasters worldwide, resulting in chaos and losses of life.   It is high time that the governments should implement significant policies and 5.　　　　　 (regulate) to address this issue. According to the reports 6.　　　　　 (submit) by researchers, to restrict the release of greenhouse gases should be put at the top of the governments’ agenda. Firstly, close the enterprises where smog originates. Secondly, carry out regular 7.　　　　　 (inspect) and fine whichever enterprise releases waste gases into the air without 8.　　　　　(dispose). What’s more, promote the use of nuclear energy instead of fossil fuels. Also, it is necessary to launch a campaign to call on citizens to reduce their “carbon footprint” by living a moderate low-carbon life.   We are supposed to seize the initiative to restore the balance of ecology. Only when we build a 9.　　　　　　　(harmony) relationship with nature can we have a 10.　　　　　 (sustain) future.   三．配套小练习 　 Ⅰ 阅读理解 A If you look at the dynamic “Global Temperatures” map on NASA’s website, you can see the historic temperature change over time across the planet as the timeline goes from 1880 to the modern day. By 2019, the entire planet was in red, orange, and yellow colours, indicating temperatures were much higher than the historical average in every country and human inhabitance. If the timeline went to 2023, the map would look even worse. That’s because the summer of 2023 was the hottest ever, according to ocean monitors. July was the hottest month in recorded history. Next July could be worse. Unless we do something quickly, we are faced with dealing with more and more dangerous and expensive natural disasters in the future. Forest fires sent smoke from Canada across the North American continent, causing New York City to have the worst air quality in its recorded history. Heavy rainstorms fell on Vermont in the Northeastern United States in just a couple of days in the middle of July, which exceeded the amount that area would usually receive in two months and caused extreme damage to homes and businesses. Around the same time, flash flooding in Bucks County, Pennsylvania—north of Philadelphia—killed nearly a dozen people. Erich Fischer, a researcher specializing in climate studies at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, is concerned that natural disasters could get much worse in the future—and in ways we cannot predict. He called for a “strike for climate justice”, which actually took place on Sept. 15, 2023. “The strategy needs to be twofold (双重的). We need to decrease carbon emissions as much as realistically possible. That is already happening with people using electric cars and other green technologies. At the same time, we also need to find ways to predict the risk of natural disasters ahead of time,” said Erich Fischer. (　)1.Why does the writer mention the data on NASA’s website in Paragraph 1? A.To explain a concept. B.To introduce a topic. C.To provide a solution. D.To make a prediction. (　)2.What does the third paragraph mainly tell us? A.The severity of natural disasters. B.The worst air quality in New York City. C.The extreme damage by flash flooding. D.The cause of the forest fires in Canada. (　)3.What did Erich Fischer advise to deal with the current situation? A.He advocated a twofold strategy. B.He suggested forbidding carbon emissions. C.He required people to use more electric cars. D.He emphasized the awareness of climate changes. (　)4.What is the best title for the text? A.The hottest month in history B.Natural disasters in the world C.Extreme weather could get worse D.Green technology would be needed B The Last Generation is an activist group in Germany, the name implying that our unsustainability will push us to extinction. To force their government into action, some of the group went on a month-long hunger strike in August 2021. It wasn’t a half-hearted effort: several ended up in hospital. But I’d like to take the opposite framing. I think we have the opportunity to be the first generation that leaves the environment in a better state. There are two kinds of optimism: complacent optimism and conditional optimism. Complacent optimism is the feeling of a child waiting for presents. Conditional optimism is the feeling of a child who is thinking about building a tree house. “If I get some wood and nails and persuade some other kids to help do the work, we can end up with something really cool.” The group actually did take bold action, yet I want to address the climate crisis from a different angle. Yes, my framing seems hard to believe. I’ll explain why. Here I’m using the term “generation” loosely. I am from a generation that will be defined by our environmental problems. I was a child when climate change really began. I will see countries move from being almost entirely dependent on fossil fuels to being free of them. I will be 57 when governments hit the “2050 deadline” of reaching net-zero carbon emissions that so many have promised. But, of course, there will be several generations involved in this project. There are a couple above me and a couple below me. And we all need to work together to achieve that. For a conditional optimist, criticism is essential. We need to work through ideas to find the most promising ones. Most innovators have been optimists. But they were also strongly critical: no one would pick apart the ideas of Thomas Edison or Marie Curie more than they did themselves.  Don’t look away from the climate crisis that faces us. Let’s face up to it, not from a place of “damage control” but with a clear vision of the future we can build: one that not only stops warming in its tracks but builds a better world for us, all of us, and the species that we share the planet with. (　)5.Why is The Last Generation introduced? A.To blame them for their action. B.To remind Germany of its duties. C.To discuss the author’s perspective. D.To demand urgent action from everyone. (　)6.What is the core of complacent optimism? A.Belief in kindness. B.Passive expectation. C.Brief satisfaction. D.Love of presents. (　)7.What does the underlined phrase “pick apart” in Paragraph 6 mean? A.Turn to. B.Identify with. C.Find fault with. D.Make an assessment of. (　)8.What does the author intend the readers to do? A.Envision and engage. B.Adapt and advance. C.Inspire and innovate. D.Explore and expand. ●Ⅱ 阅读七选五 We often hear very bad statistics about the destruction of the Amazon. 1.　　　　 One Amazonian Indian tribe (部落) every year has disappeared since 1900. Unless something is done to prevent it, the Amazon will be totally destroyed in fifty years’ time.  2.　　　　 Although it is being destroyed by big farmers and logging (伐木) companies, the biggest cause of its destruction is the cutting down of trees by thousands of small-scale farmers. 3.　　　　 They cut down trees of the rainforest to grow crops to make money. The soil of the Amazon is perfect for plants as long as there are trees. It is the trees that recycle the nutrients that make the Amazon suitable for growing food. When the farmers cut down the trees, the soil can only support crops for one or two years. 4.　　　　  Logging is the second biggest cause of the destruction of the rainforest. A lot of the trees are taken for firewood, charcoal, or for making furniture. Not only are these trees destroyed, but the trees around them are also destroyed to make way for the roads and tracks needed to take the wood away. Large areas of forest have also been cut down to free land for cattle farming. 5.　　　　 And the ranchers (牧场主) move on. More trees will be sure to disappear because of their cattle.  Most of the rainforest lies within Brazil. Fortunately, it is beginning to bring more laws to protect its rainforest. A.Again the land cannot support them for long. B.So they have to move on, and cut down more trees. C.The problem involves organizations and governments. D.The trees are often considered important to big farmers. E.Poverty forces people to leave the cities and look for land. F.An area of rainforest, the size of Belgium, is cut down annually. G.The true key factors causing damage to the rainforest is not as you imagine. ●Ⅲ 语法填空 From pocket parks to forest parks, China is bringing nature closer to urban life. From 2021 to 2022, Shanghai has transformed 62 woodlands into leisure spaces, 1.　　　　　　 opens up forests for visitors to walk through nature and get closer to wildlife. A growing number of companies and universities have chosen to “open their gates” and share their greenery, thus 2.　　　　　　 (provide) more space for visitors to relax. In Nanning, Guangxi, parks are not only for relaxation. 3.　　　　　　 (play) of traditional Yong Opera, a very popular local opera, are 4.　　　　　　 (regular) staged in the People’s Park.  Parks can do good for the environment too. Take Beijing’s Central Green Forest Park as an example. The park 5.　　　　　　 (reach) carbon neutrality (碳中和) since it was opened in 2020. This means that 6.　　　　　　 the park’s facilities produce carbon dioxide, the plants there can absorb more to make up. It also fully reuses rainwater and creates green energy, such as solar energy, 7.　　　　　　 (supply) the park.  As cities in China become 8.　　　　　　 (green), “park cities” are becoming a reality. The concept of a park city 9.　　　　　　 (introduce) by President Xi Jinping in 2018. It suits people’s need for a better living experience and is a people-centred concept that takes the form of 10.　　　　 improved natural environment in all aspects.  参考答案 一． 词句默写 Ⅰ 【阅读词汇】 1.图; 图表; 曲线图　2.排放物; 散发物; 排放　3.海豹　4.甲烷; 沼气　5.碳　6.二氧化物　7.二氧化碳　8.化石 9.化石燃料(如煤或石油)　10.足迹; (某物所占的)空间量; 面积　11.流域; 盆地; 盆　12.企鹅　13.热带的; 来自热带的　14.原子能的; 核能的; 原子核的　15.(热带)丛林; 密林 16.量; 体积; (成套书籍中的)一卷　17.垃圾; 废物　18.公司; 企业; 事业　19.运动; 战役 参加运动; 领导运动　20.水道; 航道　21.议程表; 议事日程 【写作词汇】 22.melt　23.release　24.fuel　25.worldwide　26.trend 27.broadcast; broadcast; broadcast　28.policy　29.seize　30.reform　31.undergo; underwent; undergone　32.implement 33.chaos　34.restore　35.dozen　36.disposal　37.fine 【拓展词汇】 38.starve; starvation　39.ecology; ecologist; ecological; ecologically　40.habitable; habitat　41.sustain; sustainable; sustained　42.comprehensive; comprehensively; comprehend; comprehension　43.frequently; frequency　44.restrict; restriction; restricted; restrictive　45.harmony; harmonious　46.moderation　47.submit; submission　48.annual; annually 49.sense; sensitive; sensible; senseless; sensitively 50.smog; smoggy　51.originate　52.conservation; conservative; conservatively　53.regulation; regular; irregular 54.inspection; inspector　55.tolerance; tolerable; tolerant; tolerantly 二．单元语法填空 1.has been undergoing　2.frequently　3.uninhabitable 4.comprehensive　5.regulations　6.submitted 7.inspections　8.disposal　9.harmonious　10.sustainable 三．配套小练习 ●ⅠA 【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全球气候变化和极端天气的影响,引用了专家观点和具体案例,旨在向读者传达关于环境变化和自然灾害严重性的信息,并呼吁人们采取行动。 1.B　推理判断题。根据第一段“If you look at the dynamic ‘Global Temperatures’ map on NASA’s website, you can see the historic temperature change over time across the planet…human inhabitance.”可知,作者在文章开头提到了NASA网站上的数据,是为了引出本文的主题,即全球气候变化和极端天气的影响。故选B项。 2.A　段落大意题。根据第三段“Forest fires sent smoke from Canada…causing New York City to have the worst air quality in its recorded history. Heavy rainstorms fell on Vermont…caused extreme damage to homes and businesses…flash flooding in Bucks County…killed nearly a dozen people.”可知,本段主要介绍了自然灾害的严重性。故选A项。 3.A　细节理解题。根据最后一段“The strategy needs to be twofold (双重的). We need to decrease carbon emissions…At the same time, we also need to find ways to predict the risk of natural disasters ahead of time…”可知,Erich Fischer提出了一个双重策略来解决当前的问题,即一方面要尽可能地减少碳排放,另一方面需要找到预测自然灾害风险的方法。故选A项。 4.C　主旨大意题。根据第一段“If you look at the dynamic ‘Global Temperatures’ map on NASA’s website, you can see the historic temperature change over time across the planet…human inhabitance.”以及全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了极端天气越来越多以及对人类造成的影响,C项(极端天气可能变得更糟)是本文最好的标题。故选C项。 B 【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。作者通过阐述自己的见解,呼吁几代人共同努力去阻止气候变暖的趋势,以便为我们、我们所有人以及与我们共享这个星球的物种建立一个更美好的世界。 5.C　推理判断题。根据首段中的“The Last Generation is an activist group in Germany, the name implying that our unsustainability will push us to extinction. To force their government into action, some of the group went on a month-long hunger strike in August 2021.”可知,此处介绍的是“最后一代”以自己的激进行动,迫使政府采取行动解决气候变暖的问题;结合第二段中的“But I’d like to take the opposite framing.”可知,作者想要采取相反的框架解决问题,由此可推知,作者提到“最后一代”是为了阐述作者的观点。故选C项。 6.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Complacent optimism is the feeling of a child waiting for presents.”可知,自满的乐观是孩子等待礼物的感觉,由此可知,自满的乐观应该是一种被动的期待。故选B项。 7.C　词义猜测题。根据画线短语前的“Most innovators have been optimists. But they were also strongly critical…”可知,作者认为创新者都是乐观主义者,但他们也非常挑剔;结合画线短语所在句“…no one would…the ideas of Thomas Edison or Marie Curie more than they did themselves.”可知,此处指的是托马斯·爱迪生和玛丽·居里会挑剔自己的思想,所以画线短语的意思与“挑剔”意义相近。故选C项。 8.A　推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Let’s face up to it, not from a place of ‘damage control’ but with a clear vision of the future we can build…we share the planet with.”可知,作者呼吁大家正视这个问题,对我们可以建设的未来有一个清晰的愿景,由此可推知,作者希望读者能够设想并参与其中。故选A项。 ●Ⅱ【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了亚马逊雨林遭到破坏的原因。 1.F　根据上文“We often hear very bad statistics about the destruction of the Amazon.”以及下文“One Amazonian Indian tribe (部落) every year has disappeared since 1900.”可知,本句承接上文,具体说明亚马逊雨林遭到破坏的情况。F项“每年有相当于比利时面积的热带雨林被砍伐。”符合语境。故选F。 2.G　根据下文“Although it is being destroyed by big farmers and logging (伐木) companies, the biggest cause of its destruction is the cutting down of trees by thousands of small-scale farmers.”可知,下文主要介绍了雨林被破坏的原因。G项“对雨林造成破坏的真正关键的因素并不像你想象的那样。”符合语境。故选G。 3.E　根据上文“Although it is being destroyed by big farmers and logging (伐木) companies, the biggest cause of its destruction is the cutting down of trees by thousands of small-scale farmers.”可知,造成雨林被破坏的最大原因是成千上万的小规模农户砍伐树木;再根据下文“They cut down trees of the rainforest to grow crops to make money.”可知,下文提到砍伐雨林是为了赚钱,说明是贫困导致的。E项“贫困迫使人们离开城市去寻找土地。”符合语境。故选E。 4.B　根据上文“When the farmers cut down the trees, the soil can only support crops for one or two years.”可知,此处提到土壤只能维持农作物生长一到两年,说明土壤无法持续使用,农民要搬走来获取其他土地种植粮食。B项“所以他们不得不离开,砍更多的树。”符合语境。故选B。 5.A　根据上文“Large areas of forest have also been cut down to free land for cattle farming.”以及下文“And the ranchers (牧场主) move on. More trees will be sure to disappear because of their cattle.”可知,大面积的森林被砍伐,腾出的土地用于养牛,但这片土地又不能长久地供养这些牛,因此,牧场主不得不搬走,导致更多的树木被砍伐。A选项“这片土地又不能长久地养活它们。”符合语境,故选A。 ●Ⅲ【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章详细报道了中国如何将自然环境融入城市生活,通过具体的例子和数据展示了中国在城市绿化和公园建设方面的努力和成果。 1.which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是前句提到的事,指物,在从句中作主语,用which引导。故填which。 2.providing　考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语动词have chosen,所以provide用非谓语形式,此处表示自然而然的结果,用现在分词形式。故填providing。 3.Plays　考查名词复数。play为可数名词,在句子中作主语,根据后文are可知,应用复数形式,位于句首,首字母应大写。故填Plays。 4.regularly　考查副词。空处修饰动词staged,应用副词。故填regularly。 5.has reached　考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据since可知,空处用现在完成时,主语the park为第三人称单数,故填has reached。 6.though/although/while　考查状语从句。分析句子可知,空处填状语从句的连词;根据句意可知,此处表达“虽然,尽管”之意,应用though/although/while引导让步状语从句。故填though/although/while。 7.to supply　考查非谓语动词。此处为不定式作目的状语,故填to supply。 8.greener　考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知,此处表达“更环保”之意,应用比较级。故填greener。 9.was introduced　考查动词时态、语态及主谓一致。主语the concept of a park city和谓语introduce之间是被动关系,根据时间状语in 2018可知,用一般过去时,主语为第三人称单数,故填was introduced。 10.an　考查冠词。此处泛指“一个改善了的自然环境”,且improved的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $