第05讲 Unit 3 A Green Earth, a Better Home（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新九年级英语新教材仁爱科普版

第05讲 Unit 3 A Green Earth, a Better Home （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1.掌握环保主题核心词汇、短语及词形转换；熟练运用现在完成时（for/since/already/just）；能听懂、谈论、书写环保现象、污染成因及低碳环保行动，完成简单环保话题读写输出。 2.掌握主题词汇归类、时态语境运用、读写信息抓取的学习方法，能自主完成环保话题听说读写练习，具备简单的主题探究与表达能力。 3.了解绿色低碳生活理念，认识环境污染危害，树立生态保护意识，养成绿色生活习惯，理解人与自然和谐共生的价值内涵。 学习重点 1. 词汇短语：掌握pollution、recycle、reuse、reduce、environment、awareness等核心词汇，以及waste sorting、low-carbon life、protect the environment等高频短语。 2. 核心语法：现在完成时基本用法，重点掌握for/since句型、already/just语境辨析。 3. 语用表达：能用英语描述环境问题、分析污染成因、介绍3R环保原则，熟练进行环保话题日常交流与短文写作。 学习难点 1. 语法难点：精准区分现在完成时与一般过去时，熟练运用for/since表达持续动作和状态。 2. 语用难点：结合语境灵活运用环保词汇与句型，逻辑清晰地阐述环境问题因果、提出环保建议。 3. 读写难点：梳理环保语篇逻辑，提炼核心信息，写出结构完整、语句通顺的环保主题短文。 一、教材短语梳理 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.______________________环境保护 2.______________________各类污染 3.______________________光污染 4.______________________空气污染 5.______________________土壤污染 6.______________________噪音污染 7.______________________水污染 8.______________________建立；设立 9.______________________努力做…… 10.______________________对……有害 11.______________________采取行动做…… 12.______________________一篇关于……的文章 13.______________________砍倒；削减 14.______________________安家 15.______________________绿色出行 16.______________________垃圾分类 17.______________________节约能源 18.______________________环保组织 19.______________________利用 20.______________________用另一种方式 21.______________________把某物捐赠给…… 22.______________________把……变成…… 23.______________________废纸 24.______________________关掉 25.______________________捡起 26.______________________扔掉 27.______________________把……倒入 28.______________________产生噪音 29.______________________对某人伤害很大 30.______________________对……产生影响 31.______________________高血压 32.______________________心脏病 33.___________________以……为依据，基于…… 34.______________________对……很重要 35.______________________举办活动 36.______________________……的起因 37.______________________与……作斗争 38.______________________土地沙化 39.______________________植树 40.______________________从那以后 41.______________________向某人征求建议 42.______________________向……学习 43.______________________从头再来 44.______________________带领某人做某事 45.______________________建立 46._____________________保护……免受……伤害 47.______________________赚钱 48.______________________为表彰……；纪念…… 49.______________________年复一年 50.______________________躺在功劳簿上 51.______________________持续付出努力 52.______________________治沙、管控风沙 53.______________________沙漠扩张 54.______________________做某事的方法 55.______________________清理 56.______________________更多了解 57.______________________采取行动 58.______________________在……的帮助 59.______________________全世界 60.______________________扔掉 61.______________________……的数量 62.______________________分拣，分类 63.______________________悉心照料 64.______________________三思 65.______________________乘坐地铁 66.______________________尽可能多地 67.______________________植树节 68.______________________……的质量 69.______________________总而言之 70.______________________主要成因 71.______________________事实上 72.______________________规划餐食 73.______________________列购物清单 74.______________________拒绝塑料制品 75.______________________一次 76.______________________作为……而出名 77.______________________根据…… 78.______________________大量 79.______________________减缓 80.______________________降低 81.______________________对……产生巨大影响 82.______________________持续了整整一年 83.______________________参加 84.______________________越来越…… 85.______________________现代技术 86.______________________净化空气 87.______________________毕竟 88.______________________努力做某事 二、重点知识讲解 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.Noise pollution not only causes many health problems in humans hearing, but also harms animals, especially whales and dolphins in the ocean. 噪音污染不仅会导致人类听力的多种健康问题，还会伤害动物，尤其是海洋中的鲸鱼和海豚。 ①【妙辨异同】either… or…/neither… nor…/not only… but (also)…/ both… and… 辨析 意义 谓语动词(连接主语时) either… or… 或者……或者……； 要么……要么…… 就近一致 neither… nor… 既不……也不…… not only… but (also)… 不但……而且…… both… and… ……和……都…… 用复数 ②【用法详解】especially副词，意为“尤其；特别；格外”。当陈述某一事实，并列举一个具有代表性的例子做进一步的强调时，常用especially，其后可接名词、介词短语等。 Eg.Aunt Alice loves animals, especially dogs. 艾丽斯阿姨喜爱动物，尤其爱狗。 I love Rome, especially in the spring. 我喜欢罗马，尤其是春天的罗马。 【拓展延伸】especially还可用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，强调程度。 Eg.I especially want to see that film. 我特别想看那部电影。 We are especially busy today. 我们今天特别忙。 【即练1】 1．Not only the children but also their mother ________ fond of this cartoon. A．is B．are C．was D．were 2．—Great excitement filled the whole stadium ________ Quan Hongchan won the women’s 10-metre platform diving event at the Paris Olympics. —Yes. Her success proved ________ her amazing skills ________ the strength of China’s diving team. A．as soon as; either; or B．while; both; and C．when; not only; but also D．after; neither; nor 【即练2】 1．More and more people are interested in online shopping, and they pay much attention to sales ________ those on November 11. A．simply B．actually C．probably D．especially 2．—Which subjects do you like at school? —I like many subjects, ________ English. A．especially B．finally C．mostly 3．—Jiangsu is ________ thirteen big cities. It’s a good place to visit. — ________, I have been there several times. A．made up of; Exactly B．made of; Especially C．made from; Especially D．made out of; Exactly 2.More people are taking actions to reduce it and bring back the natural sky. 越来越多的人正在采取行动来减少它，并恢复自然的天空。 ①take actions to do sth采取行动去做某事 同义：take measures to do sth ②bring back + 名词 :恢复；使…… 回归；带回 bring back the natural sky 恢复自然天空 拓展：bring back memories 唤起回忆 例句:More people are taking actions to protect the earth.越来越多人采取行动保护地球。 We are taking actions to bring back clean water.我们正在采取行动重现洁净水源。 【即练1】 1．—When we say “saving the earth”, which is more important, taking action or just talking? —_________. We should do something right now to protect our home. A．Taking action B．Talking C．Yes, it is D．No, it isn’t 【即练2】 2．—I promise to work harder this term, Mom. —My dear, just as the saying goes, “________” I do hope you take actions soon. A．Old habits die hard. B．Practice makes perfect. C．Actions speak louder than words. 3.There used to be few trees and I was always hungry.那里过去树木很少，而且我总是挨饿。 “used to +动词原形”表示“过去常常……”，只用于过去时态，没有人称和数的变化。其疑问句和否定句常借助did。 Eg.Mr. Wu used to walk after supper. 吴先生过去常常在晚饭后散步。 Did you use to swim in the lake near the village? 你过去常常在村子附近的湖里游泳吗？ 【易混辨析】重点：be used to doing, be used to do与used to do be used to doing sth. 意为“ 习惯于做某事 ”，其中to是介词，后跟动词 ing 形式 be used to do sth. 意为“ 被用来做某事 ”，其中to为不定式符号，后跟动词__原形___ used to do sth. 意为“ 过去常常做某事 ”，只用于过去时态，其中to是不定式符号，后跟动词_原形 Eg.I am used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。 A pen is used to write. 钢笔是用来写字的。 He used to read books for an hour every day. 他过去常常每天读一个小时的书。 【即练1】 1．Local people ________ ride old bikes to the market in the past. Now they drive cars. A．are used to B．were used for C．used to D．use to 【即练2】 2．My grandfather ________ live in the countryside, but now he lives with us in the city. A．used to B．is used to C．was used to D．use to 4.Reusing means making use of something again or in another way, such as using the water from your showers to clean the toilet and donating old clothes to charity. 再利用是指再次使用某物或以另一种方式使用它，例如用淋浴的水来冲厕所，以及把旧衣服捐给慈善机构。 ①make use of 利用 make good use of 好好利用 make full use of 充分利用 make better use of 更好地利用 例句：We should make full use of every chance.我们应该充分利用每一次机会。 ②donate v. 捐赠；捐献 固定搭配（必考） donate sth to sb / sth 把某物捐赠给…… ✅ donate money to the poor 给穷人捐款 donate to + 机构 Many people donate to this charity.很多人向这家慈善机构捐款。 派生词 donation n. [C/U] 捐赠物；捐款 make a donation 进行捐赠 例句：They donate books to rural schools every year.他们每年向乡村学校捐赠书籍。 【即练1】 1．— There is still a long way to go. Will you ________ your dream? — Yes. Nothing can stop me from realizing it. A．stick to B．get out of C．make use of 2．The saying “To plan time is to save time” tells us ________. A．how we can plan for the future B．why we should spend time with family C．that we should make full use of time D．what we can do to kill time 【即练2】 1．Many toys and books ________ to the children in the village last month. A．donate B．donated C．are donated D．were donated 2．We ________ a lot of clothes to the poor village since last year. A．donate B．donated C．have donated D．will donate 5.Noises are unpleasant sounds.噪音是令人不愉快的声音。 辨析please， pleased， pleasure与pleasant 词汇 意义及用法 please 动词，意为“使愉快，使满意”。另外，也可作感叹词，意为“请”。 pleased 形容词，意为“高兴的”，作表语，常修饰人。常用结构：be pleased with对……感到满意；be pleased to do sth.乐于做某事。 pleasure 名词，作“高兴，快乐，愉快，满意”讲时，为不可数名词；作“乐事，快事”讲时，为可数名词。It’s a pleasure./My pleasure. 不客气。（帮忙之后表示不客气） With pleasure. 很乐意。（帮忙之前表示乐意效劳） pleasant 形容词，意为“令人愉快的；友好的，和善的”，作定语或表语。 如： ①The good news pleased the whole family. 这个好消息使全家人都很高兴。 ②We’re only too pleased to help. 我们非常愿意帮忙。 ③It’s a pleasure to talk with you. 很高兴和你谈话。 ④The climate here is pleasant. 这里的气候很宜人。 【即练1】 1．It’s an ________ journey! A．pleasant B．pleased C．unpleased D．unpleasant 【即练2】 2．I had a pig of a day last Saturday. I lost my watch. A．an unpleasant day B．a nice day C．a relaxing day D．a lucky day 6.He asked experts for advice and tried to learn from successful experience around the world. 他向专家请教，并尝试学习世界各地成功的经验。 ①ask ②successful 变形：succeed v.→success n.成功；成就；→successful adj.成功的；有成就的→successfully adv.成功地 如：When you achieve your dream， it means that you succeed in doing what you want. ③experience experience v.→experienced adj. 有经验的；经验丰富的 【即练1】 1．Our English teacher always encourages us ________ questions in his class. A．ask B．asking C．to ask D．asked 2．—What ________ you do just now?—I ________ an old man for help. A．did; ask B．do; ask C．did; asked D．do; asked 【即练2】 1．Hawking was a ________ scientist, and he solved many problems ________. A．successful; successful B．successfully; successful C．successful; successfully D．successfully; successfully 2．—How can a person become ______? —I think hard work and a strong mind will lead you to ______. A．success; successful B．succeed; success C．successful; success D．successfully; successful 【即练3】 1．It’s necessary ________ different reading skills to learn the unit well. A．experience B．to experience C．experiencing D．experienced 2．Since he entered middle school, he ________ a lot of changes. A．experiences B．experienced C．has experienced D．will experience 7.He founded a sand-control company and led people to set up blocks to protect the trees from sandstorms. 他创办了一家治沙公司，并带领人们设置防护栏，以保护树木免受沙尘暴的侵害。 ①lead动词，意为“带路；领路”，其过去式是 led 。常用短语：lead sb. to/into ...“把某人带到或带进……”；lead to“（道路等）通往……；引起；导致”。 Eg.She led the boy into the large building. 她把那个男孩领进了大楼。 This path leads to the next village. 这条小路通往下个村子。 ②protect v.→protection n.保护；防护 protect的用法 protect为及物动词，意为“保护；防护”。 常见用法：protect sb./sth. （against/from sth.），意为“保护某人/某物（免受……）”。 如： ①Doing sports helps to protect us against illness. 做运动有助于保护我们免受疾病侵扰。 ②We should protect animals from being killed. 我们应该保护动物不被杀害。 【即练1】 1．The coach explained to us ________ hard work and perseverance ________ to success. A．why; leads B．that; lead C．what; led D．which; leading 2．He managed ________ his team to win the game even though they were short of players. A．leading B．to lead C．led D．leads 【即练2】 1．The girl chooses________ all her free time ________ rare birds. A．to spend; protecting B．spend; to protect C．spending; protecting D．to spend; protect 2．We should do something ________ the rare animals ________ disappearing. A．to protect; from B．protect; from C．to protect; for D．protect; for 8.This is a great way to reduce the number of new plastic bags.这是减少新塑料袋数量的一种好方法。 【易混辨析】重点：the number of与a number of 短语 用法 图解助记 the number of 表示“ ……的数量 ”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词要用 单数 （单数/复数）形式 a number of 表示“ 许多 ”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词要用 复数 （单数/复数）形式，其中number可被large、small、great等形容词修饰 Eg.The number of the students in the room is seventeen. 房间里学生的人数是17。 A number of problems need solving. 许多问题需要解决。 【即练1】 1．________ students in our grade have joined the Bird Watching Club, and ________ the members is over 120 now. A．The number of; a number of B．A number of; the number of C．A number of; a number of D．The number of; the number of 【即练2】 2．The number of books in our library ________ increasing year by year. A．are B．is C．were D．be 9.First of all, people have put lots of unclean things into rivers and lakes. 首先，人们把大量不干净的东西排入了河流和湖泊中。 【易混辨析】 at first 与at the beginning同义，表示＂起初(但后来……)＂，与后来发生的事相对照。 ☞ At first I wasn’t sure if I could continue it. 起初我不确定能否继续经营下去。 first of all 与first同义，表示＂首先；最重要＂，说明顺序，后面常接next，then等。 ☞ First of all, open the window. 首先，打开窗户。 【即练1】 1．________, wash your hands before dinner. A．First of all B．At first C．In first D．For first 2．_____, I didn’t know how to use the machine, but later I learned it. A．First of all B．At first C．At the end 【即练2】 1．The students had already put a lot of ________ into learning their lines. A．effort B．money C．time D．food 10.By turning deserts into forests, we can help slow down the climate change, bring down temperatures, and reduce sandstorms. 通过把沙漠变成森林，我们可以帮助减缓气候变化、降低气温并减少沙尘暴。 by的用法 用法 意义 例句 by ＋v.－ing形式 通过……方式（途径） He makes a living by teaching. 他通过教书谋生。 by＋时间点 在……之前；不迟于 You must be home by 10：00 p.m. 你必须晚上十点之前到家。 by＋交通工具 乘坐 He usually goes to work by bike. 他通常骑自行车去上班。 by＋地点名词 在……旁； 靠近 She is sitting by the window. 她正坐在窗户旁边。 【拓展】by还可用于固定搭配中：by the way 顺便问一下；by mistake 错误地；by hand 手工；by oneself 靠自己；by accident 偶然，意外地 【用法详解】turn ... into ...意为“把……变成”，相当于change ... into ...。 Eg.The teacher asked us to turn/change the sentences into English. 老师让我们把这些句子译成英文。 【拓展延伸】turn构成的常用短语： ( turn turn down 调低；拒绝 turn off 关闭 turn back 折回；往回走 turn up 调高 turn on 打开 turn away 扭头；转身 ) 拓展：turn的用法 【即练1】 1．—________ do you study English? —________ making up conversations with friends. A．How, With B．How, By C．What, By D．How, In 2．—________ do you make so many friends? —________ helping others. A．How; By B．How; With C．What; By D．What; With 【即练2】 1．The monkey used his magic stick to turn stones ________ gold. A．for B．into C．to D．at 2．Many people thought the show would be boring, but it ________ to be very wonderful. A．turned off B．turned out C．turned into D．turned around 11.Have you read anything interesting these days?这些天你读了什么有趣的东西吗？ anything interesting 意为“任何有趣的事”。形容词修饰something、anything等不定代词或somewhere、anywhere等不定副词时，应该放在这些不定代词或不定副词的 后面 （前面/后面）。 Eg.I want to go somewhere relaxing this summer. 今年夏天我想去个令人放松的地方。 Is there anything new in today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸有新的东西吗? 【即练1】 1．—David, is there _________ in today’s newspaper? —No, there isn’t. A．something interesting B．interesting something C．anything interesting D．interesting anything 【即练2】 2．—Did you do ________ interesting on your holiday? —No, ________ special at all. A．anything; nothing B．something; anything C．anything; something D．nothing; anything 12.It's about how small things can make a big difference in protecting the environment. 这是关于在保护环境方面，小事情如何能带来大改变。 make a big difference：产生很大影响；作用重大；带来巨大改变 拓展变体（中考常考） make a difference 有影响，起作用（无 big，通用） make a big difference to… 对…… 影响很大（最重要搭配） make little difference 几乎没有影响 make no difference 没有作用，无关紧要 make much difference（多用于否定、疑问） 【即练1】 1．A little effort (努力) every day, and you ________ a big difference. A．makes B．made C．have made D．will make 【即练2】 2．_______ big difference it makes! A．What a B．How a C．What D．How 13.We should then try our best to reduce pollution.那么，我们应该尽最大努力减少污染。 【即练1】 1．We should try ______ the environment because we have only one earth! A．protecting B．protect C．well to protect D．our best to protect 【即练2】 2．—My father keeps . That’s harmful. —You should try your best him. A．on smoking; to prevent B．to smoke; preventing C．smoking; prevent 一、单词拼写 1．The young man won a medal for his ________ (cooperate) in wildlife protection. 2．We ________ (found) a small environmental group last term. 3．Our school will start a new ________ (green) activity next month. 4．You can reuse the packaging instead of throwing it into the bin. It helps ________ (recycle). 5．Several ________ (type) of wild birds live near the lake. 6．The ________ (pollute) has harmed the blood of many sea animals. 7．Please put a tick beside the ________ (correct) answers on the list. 8．It is important to breathe fresh air to keep our ________ (lung) healthy. 9．Some animals ________ (suffer) greatly from sea pollution every year. 10．The ________ (introduce) tells us the whole process of carbon recycling. 11．He received a medal in ________ (honour) of his environmental work. 12．________ (beside), too much carbon is bad for our lungs. 13．We plan ________ (donate) cloth and grey packaging materials to charity. 14．This charity ________ (organize) was founded five years ago. 15．Please ________ (sort) different rubbish before you put it into the wastebin. 二、单项选择 16．Some old cloth can be ________ instead of being thrown away. A．recycle B．recycled C．recycling D．to recycle 17．You can read the short ________ to know the whole experiment process. A．introduction B．instruction C．pollution D．awareness 18．Don’t leave trash ________. It brings negative influence on wildlife. A．somewhere B．everywhere C．nowhere D．anywhere 19．Many sea animals still ________ from serious ocean pollution nowadays. A．suffer B．suffer from C．suffering D．suffered 20．—Hi, Tom! Is this your new pen? —Yes. My dad gave it to me. I ________ it for two days. A．have bought B．have had C．bought 21．—My cousin ________ Beijing since 2020. She studies in a university there. —Really? I also have a friend studying in Beijing. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in 22．Nobody ________ Mr. Smith since he ________ to Shanghai to work. A．has seen; moved B．saw; has moved C．saw; moved 23．—Why do you look so excited, Tom? —My aunt is coming back next week. We haven’t seen each other ________ 2020. A．in B．for C．since 24．—Hi, Wendy, your cellphone looks nice. Is it new? —No, I_________ it for two years. A．bought B．have bought C．have had 25．— Come on, dear! The film _________ for five minutes. —I’m sorry for being late. A．has begun B．began C．has been on 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In her small workshop, Maria doesn’t see trash; she sees possibilities. Her business, “Re-Imagine,” is built on upcycling—the art of turning old unwanted items into something new and 26 higher value. It started three years ago when she found a discarded (被丢弃的) wooden ladder on the street. Instead of passing by, she 27 it home. With some cleaning, sanding, and fresh paint, she transformed it into a unique bookshelf. She posted a picture online, and to her 28 , many people wanted to buy it. That was the beginning. Now, she collects broken furniture, old tires, and even used glass bottles. “Every object has a story and a 29 to be beautiful again,” she says. Her creations are not just eco-friendly; they are pieces of art with character that new factory-made products 30 . Her work challenges our throw-away culture. We live in a world that often encourages buying new and 31 old. Maria shows us that with creativity, we can reduce waste and create beauty. Her 32 also touches her customers. “When I buy her upcycled lamp, I feel I’m not just buying a product; I’m 33 a story and supporting a good cause,” one customer said. Maria’s success proves that environmental protection and business can go hand in hand. She hopes to 34 more people, especially young students, to look at their surroundings with creative eyes. “You don’t need to be a professional artist,” she smiles. “You just need to 35 that one person’s trash could be another person’s treasure.” 26．A．of B．for C．with D．by 27．A．pushed B．carried C．threw D．sent 28．A．regret B．surprise C．sorrow D．relief 29．A．right B．duty C．chance D．problem 30．A．lack B．have C．value D．need 31．A．hiding B．fixing C．storing D．throwing away 32．A．price B．speed C．story D．humor 33．A．writing B．buying C．forgetting D．ending 34．A．order B．warn C．inspire D．force 35．A．doubt B．prove C．realize D．promise 四、完成句子 36．我想参加英语演讲比赛。 I want to ________ ________ ________ the English speech contest. 37．他们种树来纪念这位伟大的科学家。 They plant trees ________ ________ ________ the great scientist. 38．学校教学生有关环境保护的知识。 Schools teach students knowledge about ________ ________. 39．夏天我们需要更多饮用水。 We need more ________ ________ in summer. 40．政府会采取行动解决这个问题。 The government will ________ ________ to solve the problem. 五、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选出正确的词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 environment   good   grow   leaf   many   pay   somebody   though   you   write Now, people can write emails to trees in Australia. In 2013, each tree in the city was given its own email address. Since then, the trees have received more than 3000 emails. Some letters thanked the trees for providing oxygen (氧气). Many of them asked the trees, “Is there 41 looking after you? How do you feel when your 42 fall off?” And “How old are you?” is another commonly asked question. The tree which has received the 43 letters is a Golden Elm on the busy Punt Road. Many people think the tree looks very magical. “Do you remember me? I used to drive past 44 every day as I worked in Melbourne,” from a person called LJ. “You are my favorite tree 45 you make me bow during my morning run. You have 46 too big!” emailed another to the Golden Elm. Sometimes, the tree may “reply” to questions in the emails. “I am lucky to be 47 looked after and I’m so glad to be liked,” the Golden Elm 48 in reply to one letter. The project was started by a(n) 49 group in Melbourne. The purpose is to protect trees in the city. With this project, more and more people are 50 attention to the trees and the protection of them. 六、短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The Zhang family has made a plan to do more to protect the environment. Each person 51 (have) his or her own job. Mr Zhang checks if the lights are off 52 no one is in the room. Mrs Zhang collects plastic bottles and other 53 (thing) from the kitchen. She puts them in a box for recycling. The children help clean the house and grow vegetables in the yard. They use rainwater 54 (water) the plants. Last weekend, the whole family 55 (take) part in a “Clean Community” activity. They picked up litter and talked to people 56 sorting waste. After cleaning all morning, they were tired but happy. The Zhangs think everyone should care about the earth, 57 small things can make a big difference. They also made 58 poster to show their green habits. They have already 59 (collect) more than 100 used bottles this month. Mr Zhang said it was the 60 (good) family project they had ever done. 七、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Hey, Tom, World Earth Day is coming soon! Let’s think about how we can save the earth. B: 61 ? A: Yes. We can save electricity by turning off lights when we’re not using them. B: Good idea! We can also buy fewer things to cut down waste. A: Sure! And 62 ? B: We can plant more trees to make our neighborhood greener. A: I agree. 63 . B: How can we save water? A: 64 . B: Totally! Small changes in our daily habits can make a big difference. A: 65 . So let’s make an effort to save the earth not just on World Earth Day but every day. B: Sounds great! Together, we can protect our beautiful planet. $第05讲 Unit 3 A Green Earth, a Better Home （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1.掌握环保主题核心词汇、短语及词形转换；熟练运用现在完成时（for/since/already/just）；能听懂、谈论、书写环保现象、污染成因及低碳环保行动，完成简单环保话题读写输出。 2.掌握主题词汇归类、时态语境运用、读写信息抓取的学习方法，能自主完成环保话题听说读写练习，具备简单的主题探究与表达能力。 3.了解绿色低碳生活理念，认识环境污染危害，树立生态保护意识，养成绿色生活习惯，理解人与自然和谐共生的价值内涵。 学习重点 1. 词汇短语：掌握pollution、recycle、reuse、reduce、environment、awareness等核心词汇，以及waste sorting、low-carbon life、protect the environment等高频短语。 2. 核心语法：现在完成时基本用法，重点掌握for/since句型、already/just语境辨析。 3. 语用表达：能用英语描述环境问题、分析污染成因、介绍3R环保原则，熟练进行环保话题日常交流与短文写作。 学习难点 1. 语法难点：精准区分现在完成时与一般过去时，熟练运用for/since表达持续动作和状态。 2. 语用难点：结合语境灵活运用环保词汇与句型，逻辑清晰地阐述环境问题因果、提出环保建议。 3. 读写难点：梳理环保语篇逻辑，提炼核心信息，写出结构完整、语句通顺的环保主题短文。 一、教材短语梳理 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.environmental protection环境保护 2.different kinds of pollution各类污染 3. light pollution光污染 4.air pollution 空气污染 5. soil pollution土壤污染 6.noise pollution噪音污染 7. water pollution水污染 8.set up建立；设立 9.make great efforts in doing努力做..... 1o.be harmful to对...有害 11.take actions to do sth采取行动做… 12. an article about一篇关于…的文章 13. cut down砍倒；削减 14. start a family安家 15.green traveling 绿色出行 16.waste sorting 垃圾分类 17.energy saving节约能源 18. environmental organization环保组织 19. make use of 利用 20. in another way用另一种方式 21.donate sth to…把某物捐赠给… 22.turn.into…把…变成… 23.waste paper废纸 24. turn off关掉 25.pick up捡起 26.throw out扔掉 27.pour…into…把…倒入 28.produce noises产生噪音 29. do great harm to sb对某人伤害很大 30. have effects on 对…产生影响 31.high blood pressure高血压 32. heart disease心脏病 33.be based on 以…为依据，基于… 34. be important for 对…很重要 35.hold activities举办活动 36. the causes of…的起因 37.fight against与…作斗争 38. desert growth土地沙化 39.plant trees 植树 40. ever since then 从那以后 41.ask sb for advice 向某人征求建议 42. learn from向…学习 43. all over again从头再来 44.lead sb to do sth带领某人做某事 45.set up建立 46.protect-…from…保护.免受…伤害 47.make money赚钱 48.in honor of 为表彰…；纪念… 49. year after year年复一年 50. rest on one's honor躺在功劳簿上 51. continue one's efforts 持续付出努力 52. control the sands治沙、管控风沙 53. the spreading of the desert沙漠扩张 54.a way to do sth做某事的方法 55.clean up清理 56.learn more about更多了解 57. take the action采取行动 58. with the help from 在…的帮助 59.all over the world全世界 60.throw away扔掉 61.the number of…的数量 62. sort out 分拣.分类 63.take good care of 心照料 64. think twice三思 65. take the underground 乘坐地铁 66. as much as possible 尽可能多地 67. Nation Tree-planting Day植树节 68. the quality of…的质量 69. in a word总而言之 70.main cause主要成因 71.in fact事实上 72.plan meals规划餐食 73. make a shopping list列购物清单 74. say no to plastics拒绝塑料制品 75. at a time一次 76.be known as作为…而出名 77.according to根据… 78.plenty o大量 79.slow down 减缓 80. bring down降低 81. make a big difference to sth对…产生巨大影响 82. for a whole year 持续了整整一年 83.take part in参加 84. more and more 越来越… 85.modern technology现代技术 86. dean the air 净化空气 87. after all毕竟 88. make efforts to do sth努力做某事 二、重点知识讲解 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.Noise pollution not only causes many health problems in humans hearing, but also harms animals, especially whales and dolphins in the ocean. 噪音污染不仅会导致人类听力的多种健康问题，还会伤害动物，尤其是海洋中的鲸鱼和海豚。 ①【妙辨异同】either… or…/neither… nor…/not only… but (also)…/ both… and… 辨析 意义 谓语动词(连接主语时) either… or… 或者……或者……； 要么……要么…… 就近一致 neither… nor… 既不……也不…… not only… but (also)… 不但……而且…… both… and… ……和……都…… 用复数 ②【用法详解】especially副词，意为“尤其；特别；格外”。当陈述某一事实，并列举一个具有代表性的例子做进一步的强调时，常用especially，其后可接名词、介词短语等。 Eg.Aunt Alice loves animals, especially dogs. 艾丽斯阿姨喜爱动物，尤其爱狗。 I love Rome, especially in the spring. 我喜欢罗马，尤其是春天的罗马。 【拓展延伸】especially还可用来修饰动词、形容词或副词，强调程度。 Eg.I especially want to see that film. 我特别想看那部电影。 We are especially busy today. 我们今天特别忙。 【即练1】 1．Not only the children but also their mother ________ fond of this cartoon. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不仅孩子们，他们的妈妈也喜欢这部动画片。 is是（单数）；are是（复数）；was是（单数过去式）；were是（复数过去式）。not only...but also连接主语时谓语就近一致，离动词最近的是“their mother”为单数，且陈述事实用一般现在时，is符合语境。 2．—Great excitement filled the whole stadium ________ Quan Hongchan won the women’s 10-metre platform diving event at the Paris Olympics. —Yes. Her success proved ________ her amazing skills ________ the strength of China’s diving team. A．as soon as; either; or B．while; both; and C．when; not only; but also D．after; neither; nor 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——当全红婵拿下巴黎奥运会女子10米跳台跳水冠军时，全场都充满激动的气氛。——是的，她的成功不仅证明了她出色的技巧，也展现了中国跳水队的实力。 as soon as一……就；either…or要么……要么；while当……时；both…and两者都；when当……时；not only…but also不仅…… 而且；after在……之后；neither…nor既不……也不。夺冠是短暂动作，when可引导该时间场景；后半句存在递进含义，not only…but also符合递进逻辑。 【即练2】 1．More and more people are interested in online shopping, and they pay much attention to sales ________ those on November 11. A．simply B．actually C．probably D．especially 【答案】D 【详解】句意：越来越多的人对网上购物感兴趣，他们特别关注像11月11日那样的促销活动。 考查副词辨析。simply简单地；actually实际上；probably可能；especially特别地。根据“those on November 11”可知，后半句强调在众多促销中，对“11月11日”这类促销的格外关注，表示强调或特指，应选用“特别地”。故选D。 2．—Which subjects do you like at school? —I like many subjects, ________ English. A．especially B．finally C．mostly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你在学校喜欢哪些科目？——我喜欢许多科目，尤其是英语。考查副词辨析。especially“尤其”；finally“最后”；mostly“主要地”。根据“I like many subjects”和“English”可知，此处强调“尤其是英语”，表示从众多科目中突出某一项。故选A。 3．—Jiangsu is ________ thirteen big cities. It’s a good place to visit. — ________, I have been there several times. A．made up of; Exactly B．made of; Especially C．made from; Especially D．made out of; Exactly 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——江苏由十三个大城市组成。这是一个值得参观的好地方。——没错，我去过那里好几次。考查动词短语辨析和副词辨析。be made up of由……组成；be made of由……做成，能看出原材料；be made from由……做成，不能看出原材料；be made out of由……改制而成；Exactly恰好如此；Especially尤其。根据“Jiangsu is ... thirteen big cities”可知应表示由13个大城市组成，应用made up of；表示附和的回答应用exactly。故选A。 2.More people are taking actions to reduce it and bring back the natural sky. 越来越多的人正在采取行动来减少它，并恢复自然的天空。 ①take actions to do sth采取行动去做某事 同义：take measures to do sth ②bring back + 名词 :恢复；使…… 回归；带回 bring back the natural sky 恢复自然天空 拓展：bring back memories 唤起回忆 例句:More people are taking actions to protect the earth.越来越多人采取行动保护地球。 We are taking actions to bring back clean water.我们正在采取行动重现洁净水源。 【即练1】 1．—When we say “saving the earth”, which is more important, taking action or just talking? —_________. We should do something right now to protect our home. A．Taking action B．Talking C．Yes, it is D．No, it isn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——当我们说“拯救地球”时，采取行动和只是说一说哪个更重要？——采取行动。我们现在应该做点什么来保护我们的家园。考查选择疑问句。选择疑问句的回答，不能用Yes或No来回答，故排除C、D。根据“We should do something right now to protect our home.”可知，我们应采取行动。故选A。 【即练2】 2．—I promise to work harder this term, Mom. —My dear, just as the saying goes, “________” I do hope you take actions soon. A．Old habits die hard. B．Practice makes perfect. C．Actions speak louder than words. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我保证这学期会更加努力学习。——亲爱的，正如俗话所说，“事实胜于雄辩”。我真希望你能尽快采取行动。考查谚语。Old habits die hard积习难改；Practice makes perfect熟能生巧；Actions speak louder than words事实胜于雄辩。根据“I do hope you take actions soon.”可知，妈妈希望孩子要采取行动，而不是嘴上说说。故选C。 3.There used to be few trees and I was always hungry.那里过去树木很少，而且我总是挨饿。 “used to +动词原形”表示“过去常常……”，只用于过去时态，没有人称和数的变化。其疑问句和否定句常借助did。 Eg.Mr. Wu used to walk after supper. 吴先生过去常常在晚饭后散步。 Did you use to swim in the lake near the village? 你过去常常在村子附近的湖里游泳吗？ 【易混辨析】重点：be used to doing, be used to do与used to do be used to doing sth. 意为“ 习惯于做某事 ”，其中to是介词，后跟动词 ing 形式 be used to do sth. 意为“ 被用来做某事 ”，其中to为不定式符号，后跟动词__原形___ used to do sth. 意为“ 过去常常做某事 ”，只用于过去时态，其中to是不定式符号，后跟动词_原形 Eg.I am used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。 A pen is used to write. 钢笔是用来写字的。 He used to read books for an hour every day. 他过去常常每天读一个小时的书。 【即练1】 1．Local people ________ ride old bikes to the market in the past. Now they drive cars. A．are used to B．were used for C．used to D．use to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：过去，当地人常常骑旧自行车去市场。现在他们开汽车。 are used to习惯于；were used for被用来做；used to过去常常；use to错误形式。“in the past”提示描述过去的动作，且空后“ride”为动词原形，应用“used to”表示“过去常常”。 【即练2】 2．My grandfather ________ live in the countryside, but now he lives with us in the city. A．used to B．is used to C．was used to D．use to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的爷爷过去住在乡下，但是现在他和我们一起住在城里。 used to过去常常；is used to习惯于；was used to被用来；use to搭配错误。根据后半句“but now he lives with us in the city”表转折，说明前后对比过去和现在，表达“过去常常”用used to。 4.Reusing means making use of something again or in another way, such as using the water from your showers to clean the toilet and donating old clothes to charity. 再利用是指再次使用某物或以另一种方式使用它，例如用淋浴的水来冲厕所，以及把旧衣服捐给慈善机构。 ①make use of 利用 make good use of 好好利用 make full use of 充分利用 make better use of 更好地利用 例句：We should make full use of every chance.我们应该充分利用每一次机会。 ②donate v. 捐赠；捐献 固定搭配（必考） donate sth to sb / sth 把某物捐赠给…… ✅ donate money to the poor 给穷人捐款 donate to + 机构 Many people donate to this charity.很多人向这家慈善机构捐款。 派生词 donation n. [C/U] 捐赠物；捐款 make a donation 进行捐赠 例句：They donate books to rural schools every year.他们每年向乡村学校捐赠书籍。 【即练1】 1．— There is still a long way to go. Will you ________ your dream? — Yes. Nothing can stop me from realizing it. A．stick to B．get out of C．make use of 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——还有很长的路要走。你会坚持你的梦想吗？——是的。没有什么能阻止我实现它。 stick to坚持；get out of摆脱；make use of利用。根据答语“Yes. Nothing can stop me from realizing it.”可知说话者实现梦想的决心坚定，不会被困难阻止。此处应询问对方是否会“坚持”梦想。 2．The saying “To plan time is to save time” tells us ________. A．how we can plan for the future B．why we should spend time with family C．that we should make full use of time D．what we can do to kill time 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“规划时间就是节约时间”这句谚语告诉我们应该充分利用时间。 how we can plan for the future我们该如何为未来做规划；why we should spend time with family我们为什么应该花时间陪伴家人；that we should make full use of time我们应该充分利用时间；what we can do to kill  time我们可以做什么来消磨时间。that we should make full use of time正确，To plan time is to save time的核心含义就是要合理规划、充分利用时间，与该选项完全对应。 【即练2】 1．Many toys and books ________ to the children in the village last month. A．donate B．donated C．are donated D．were donated 【答案】D 【详解】句意：上个月，许多玩具和书籍被捐赠给了村里的孩子们。 donate捐赠；donated过去式；are donated一般现在时的被动语态；were donated一般过去时的被动语态。主语“Many toys and books”和动词“donate”是被动关系，时间是“last month”，句子应用一般过去时的被动语态。 2．We ________ a lot of clothes to the poor village since last year. A．donate B．donated C．have donated D．will donate 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从去年以来，我们已经向那个贫困村庄捐赠了很多衣服。 考查现在完成时。donate捐赠，动词原形；donated捐赠，过去式；have donated已经捐赠，现在完成时；will donate将要捐赠，一般将来时。根据时间状语“since last year”（自从去年）可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应使用现在完成时。故选C。 5.Noises are unpleasant sounds.噪音是令人不愉快的声音。 辨析please， pleased， pleasure与pleasant 词汇 意义及用法 please 动词，意为“使愉快，使满意”。另外，也可作感叹词，意为“请”。 pleased 形容词，意为“高兴的”，作表语，常修饰人。常用结构：be pleased with对……感到满意；be pleased to do sth.乐于做某事。 pleasure 名词，作“高兴，快乐，愉快，满意”讲时，为不可数名词；作“乐事，快事”讲时，为可数名词。It’s a pleasure./My pleasure. 不客气。（帮忙之后表示不客气） With pleasure. 很乐意。（帮忙之前表示乐意效劳） pleasant 形容词，意为“令人愉快的；友好的，和善的”，作定语或表语。 如： ①The good news pleased the whole family. 这个好消息使全家人都很高兴。 ②We’re only too pleased to help. 我们非常愿意帮忙。 ③It’s a pleasure to talk with you. 很高兴和你谈话。 ④The climate here is pleasant. 这里的气候很宜人。 【即练1】 1．It’s an ________ journey! A．pleasant B．pleased C．unpleased D．unpleasant 【答案】D 【详解】句意：它是一次不愉悦的旅程。A. pleasant 令人愉快的，形容词；   B. pleased  高兴的，满意的，  C. unpleased  不满意的；  D. unpleasant不愉悦的；根据pleasant 和unpleasant主要有两方面用法，一是用来说明事物，二是用来说明人，表示友好的或不友好的；pleased和unpleased主要用来说明人，表示感到满意或不满意；根据journey可知是事情，排除B/C；根据an用于元音因素开头的单词前；故选D 【即练2】 2．I had a pig of a day last Saturday. I lost my watch. A．an unpleasant day B．a nice day C．a relaxing day D．a lucky day 【答案】A 【详解】试题分析：句意：上周六我过得像猪一样。我把手表弄掉了。A. an unpleasant day不愉快的一天；B. a nice day愉快的一天；C. a relaxing day轻松的一天；D. a lucky day幸运的一天。同后句：把手表弄掉了，可以推测出这一天过得不开心。故选A。 6.He asked experts for advice and tried to learn from successful experience around the world. 他向专家请教，并尝试学习世界各地成功的经验。 ①ask ②successful 变形：succeed v.→success n.成功；成就；→successful adj.成功的；有成就的→successfully adv.成功地 如：When you achieve your dream， it means that you succeed in doing what you want. ③experience experience v.→experienced adj. 有经验的；经验丰富的 【即练1】 1．Our English teacher always encourages us ________ questions in his class. A．ask B．asking C．to ask D．asked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师总是鼓励我们在他的课堂上问问题。 根据固定搭配encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”可知，此处应用动词不定式。 2．—What ________ you do just now?—I ________ an old man for help. A．did; ask B．do; ask C．did; asked D．do; asked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你刚才做了什么？——我向一位老人求助了。 did助动词，用于一般过去时；do助动词，用于一般现在时；ask问，动词原形，一般现在时；asked动词的过去式，一般过去时。just now“刚才”为一般过去时的时间状语，因此第一空需用助动词did构成疑问句；第二空根据时态一致性，动词ask应使用过去式asked，此处使用固定搭配ask sb. for help，意为“向某人求助”。应填did；asked。 【即练2】 1．Hawking was a ________ scientist, and he solved many problems ________. A．successful; successful B．successfully; successful C．successful; successfully D．successfully; successfully 【答案】C 【详解】句意：霍金是一位成功的科学家，并且他成功地解决了许多问题。 successful成功的；successfully成功地。根据第一个空后接名词“scientist”，需要用形容词修饰名词，应填successful；第二个空修饰动词“solved”，需要用副词修饰动词，应填successfully。 2．—How can a person become ______? —I think hard work and a strong mind will lead you to ______. A．success; successful B．succeed; success C．successful; success D．successfully; successful 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——一个人如何才能变得成功？——我认为努力和坚强的意志会带领你走向成功。 考查形容词和名词用法。successful成功的（形容词）；success成功（名词）；succeed成功（动词）；successfully成功地（副词）。 第一空在系动词“become”后，需接形容词作表语，表示状态；第二空在短语“lead to”中，“to”为介词，后需接名词作宾语。故选C。 【即练3】 1．It’s necessary ________ different reading skills to learn the unit well. A．experience B．to experience C．experiencing D．experienced 【答案】B 【详解】句意：体验不同的阅读技巧对于学好这个单元是必要的。 experience体验，动词原形；to experience动词不定式；experiencing动名词；experienced形容词。根据固定句型“It’s+adj.+to do sth.”可知，It是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，to experience符合语境。 2．Since he entered middle school, he ________ a lot of changes. A．experiences B．experienced C．has experienced D．will experience 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从他进入中学以来，他已经经历了很多变化。 since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句通常用现在完成时，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在或对现在造成影响。根据“Since he entered middle school”可知主句应用现在完成时。应填has experienced。 7.He founded a sand-control company and led people to set up blocks to protect the trees from sandstorms. 他创办了一家治沙公司，并带领人们设置防护栏，以保护树木免受沙尘暴的侵害。 ①lead动词，意为“带路；领路”，其过去式是 led 。常用短语：lead sb. to/into ...“把某人带到或带进……”；lead to“（道路等）通往……；引起；导致”。 Eg.She led the boy into the large building. 她把那个男孩领进了大楼。 This path leads to the next village. 这条小路通往下个村子。 ②protect v.→protection n.保护；防护 protect的用法 protect为及物动词，意为“保护；防护”。 常见用法：protect sb./sth. （against/from sth.），意为“保护某人/某物（免受……）”。 如： ①Doing sports helps to protect us against illness. 做运动有助于保护我们免受疾病侵扰。 ②We should protect animals from being killed. 我们应该保护动物不被杀害。 【即练1】 1．The coach explained to us ________ hard work and perseverance ________ to success. A．why; leads B．that; lead C．what; led D．which; leading 【答案】A 【详解】句意：教练向我们解释了努力和坚持是如何通向成功的。 why为什么；that起连接作用，无实义；what什么；which哪一个。第一空，explain后接宾语从句，此处表示“如何、为什么”的逻辑，用why符合语境；第二空，从句主语hard work and perseverance是一个整体概念，视为单数，谓语动词用leads。 2．He managed ________ his team to win the game even though they were short of players. A．leading B．to lead C．led D．leads 【答案】B 【详解】句意：尽管他们缺少队员，他还是设法带领他的队伍赢得了比赛。 固定搭配 manage to do sth. 意为“设法做成某事”，managed 后接动词不定式to lead作宾语。 【即练2】 1．The girl chooses________ all her free time ________ rare birds. A．to spend; protecting B．spend; to protect C．spending; protecting D．to spend; protect 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个女孩选择花费她所有的空闲时间来保护珍稀鸟类。 choose to do sth.意为“选择做某事”；spend time (in) doing sth.意为“花费时间做某事”。根据固定搭配，第一空应用不定式to spend，第二空应用动名词protecting。 2．We should do something ________ the rare animals ________ disappearing. A．to protect; from B．protect; from C．to protect; for D．protect; for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该做些事情来保护珍稀动物防止消失。 第一空，此处表示“做些事情”的目的是为了保护动物，应用动词不定式to protect作目的状语；第二空，protect...from...是固定搭配，意为“保护……免受……"。 8.This is a great way to reduce the number of new plastic bags.这是减少新塑料袋数量的一种好方法。 【易混辨析】重点：the number of与a number of 短语 用法 图解助记 the number of 表示“ ……的数量 ”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词要用 单数 （单数/复数）形式 a number of 表示“ 许多 ”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词要用 复数 （单数/复数）形式，其中number可被large、small、great等形容词修饰 Eg.The number of the students in the room is seventeen. 房间里学生的人数是17。 A number of problems need solving. 许多问题需要解决。 【即练1】 1．________ students in our grade have joined the Bird Watching Club, and ________ the members is over 120 now. A．The number of; a number of B．A number of; the number of C．A number of; a number of D．The number of; the number of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们年级许多学生加入了观鸟俱乐部，现在成员的数量超过120人。 A number of许多，大量，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用复数；The number of……的数量，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语动词用单数。第一空后名词students，谓语动词have joined为复数，需用A number of； 第二空后谓语动词is为单数，表达“成员的数量”，需用the number of。 故选B。 【即练2】 2．The number of books in our library ________ increasing year by year. A．are B．is C．were D．be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们图书馆的藏书量逐年增加。the number of 作主语，核心词是number，谓语动词用单数is，故选is。 9.First of all, people have put lots of unclean things into rivers and lakes. 首先，人们把大量不干净的东西排入了河流和湖泊中。 【易混辨析】 at first 与at the beginning同义，表示＂起初(但后来……)＂，与后来发生的事相对照。 ☞ At first I wasn’t sure if I could continue it. 起初我不确定能否继续经营下去。 first of all 与first同义，表示＂首先；最重要＂，说明顺序，后面常接next，then等。 ☞ First of all, open the window. 首先，打开窗户。 【即练1】 1．________, wash your hands before dinner. A．First of all B．At first C．In first D．For first 【答案】A 【详解】句意：首先，饭前要洗手。First of all意为“首先”，用于列举步骤；At first意为“起初、一开始”，多表示时间上的最初；In first无此搭配；For first无此搭配。根据句意，此处指饭前的准备步骤，First of all符合语境。 2．_____, I didn’t know how to use the machine, but later I learned it. A．First of all B．At first C．At the end 【答案】B 【详解】句意：起初，我不知道如何使用这台机器，但后来我学会了。 考查短语辨析。First of all首先（强调顺序）；At first起初（强调时间上的开始）；At the end最后（强调时间或事件的结束）。根据后半句“but later I learned it”可知，前后是时间上的对比，表示“一开始不会，后来学会了”，强调时间开始的“起初”用“At first”。故选B。 【即练2】 1．The students had already put a lot of ________ into learning their lines. A．effort B．money C．time D．food 【答案】A 【详解】句意：学生们已经在背诵台词上投入了很多努力。effort努力；money钱；time时间；food食物。根据“learning their lines”可知，背诵台词需要付出精力，固定搭配put effort into表示“在……上付出努力”。 10.By turning deserts into forests, we can help slow down the climate change, bring down temperatures, and reduce sandstorms. 通过把沙漠变成森林，我们可以帮助减缓气候变化、降低气温并减少沙尘暴。 by的用法 用法 意义 例句 by ＋v.－ing形式 通过……方式（途径） He makes a living by teaching. 他通过教书谋生。 by＋时间点 在……之前；不迟于 You must be home by 10：00 p.m. 你必须晚上十点之前到家。 by＋交通工具 乘坐 He usually goes to work by bike. 他通常骑自行车去上班。 by＋地点名词 在……旁； 靠近 She is sitting by the window. 她正坐在窗户旁边。 【拓展】by还可用于固定搭配中：by the way 顺便问一下；by mistake 错误地；by hand 手工；by oneself 靠自己；by accident 偶然，意外地 【用法详解】turn ... into ...意为“把……变成”，相当于change ... into ...。 Eg.The teacher asked us to turn/change the sentences into English. 老师让我们把这些句子译成英文。 【拓展延伸】turn构成的常用短语： ( turn turn down 调低；拒绝 turn off 关闭 turn back 折回；往回走 turn up 调高 turn on 打开 turn away 扭头；转身 ) 拓展：turn的用法 【即练1】 1．—________ do you study English? —________ making up conversations with friends. A．How, With B．How, By C．What, By D．How, In 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你是怎么学英语的？——通过和朋友聊聊天。 考查特殊疑问句和方式介词。根据“making up conversations with friends”可知，此处指学英语的方式，要用特殊疑问词how提问；通过某种手段要用介词by。故选B。 2．—________ do you make so many friends? —________ helping others. A．How; By B．How; With C．What; By D．What; With 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你是怎么交到这么多朋友的？——通过帮助他人。 考查特殊疑问词及介词辨析。How怎样；What什么；By通过；With用，通常指使用有形的工具。分析句子结构及句意可知，第一空所在句是对方式进行提问，所以应用how；根据第二个空空后的“helping others”可知，此处不是有形的工具，所以可排除with。故选A。 【即练2】 1．The monkey used his magic stick to turn stones ________ gold. A．for B．into C．to D．at 【答案】B 【详解】句意：猴子用他的魔法棒把石头变成金子。for为了；into进入，变成；to到，向；at在。根据“turn stones...gold”可知，此处为固定短语turn...into...“把……变成……”。应填into。 2．Many people thought the show would be boring, but it ________ to be very wonderful. A．turned off B．turned out C．turned into D．turned around 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多人认为这个节目会很无聊，但结果证明它非常精彩。 根据转折连词but可知，实际情况与前文的预测相反。turn out to be是固定搭配，意为“结果是，证明是”。 11.Have you read anything interesting these days?这些天你读了什么有趣的东西吗？ anything interesting 意为“任何有趣的事”。形容词修饰something、anything等不定代词或somewhere、anywhere等不定副词时，应该放在这些不定代词或不定副词的 后面 （前面/后面）。 Eg.I want to go somewhere relaxing this summer. 今年夏天我想去个令人放松的地方。 Is there anything new in today’s newspaper? 今天的报纸有新的东西吗? 【即练1】 1．—David, is there _________ in today’s newspaper? —No, there isn’t. A．something interesting B．interesting something C．anything interesting D．interesting anything 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——David，今天的报纸上有什么有趣的事情吗？——不，没有。something interesting一些有趣的事物；interesting something错误表达；anything interesting任何有趣的事物；interesting anything错误表达。something多用于肯定句，anything多用于否定或疑问句。当形容词修饰不定代词时，形容词需置于代词之后。此句是一般疑问句，应选anything，并将interesting置后。应填anything interesting。 【即练2】 2．—Did you do ________ interesting on your holiday? —No, ________ special at all. A．anything; nothing B．something; anything C．anything; something D．nothing; anything 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你假期做了什么有趣的事吗？——没有，没什么特别的。 anything任何事物（用于疑问句和否定句）；something某事物（用于肯定句）；nothing没有什么。第一空位于疑问句中，应用anything，表示“一些有趣的事情”；第二空，根据答语“No”可知是否定回答，表示“没什么特别的”，应用nothing。 12.It's about how small things can make a big difference in protecting the environment. 这是关于在保护环境方面，小事情如何能带来大改变。 make a big difference：产生很大影响；作用重大；带来巨大改变 拓展变体（中考常考） make a difference 有影响，起作用（无 big，通用） make a big difference to… 对…… 影响很大（最重要搭配） make little difference 几乎没有影响 make no difference 没有作用，无关紧要 make much difference（多用于否定、疑问） 【即练1】 1．A little effort (努力) every day, and you ________ a big difference. A．makes B．made C．have made D．will make 【答案】D 【详解】句意：每天付出一点努力，你将会产生巨大影响。 makes造成（一般现在时形式）；made造成了（过去式）；have made已经造成（现在完成时形式）；will make将会造成（一般将来时形式）。本句是“名词短语+and+陈述句”结构，and后的句子表示下一步顺承的结果，常用一般将来时。应填will make。 【即练2】 2．_______ big difference it makes! A．What a B．How a C．What D．How 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这是多么大的不同啊!考查感叹句辨析。what引导感叹句后接名词或名词性短语，how引导感叹句后接形容词或副词。本句big difference 是名词性短语，difference（不同）是单数名词，需用不定冠词修饰；big以辅音音素开头，冠词需用a；根据句意结构，可知选A。 13.We should then try our best to reduce pollution.那么，我们应该尽最大努力减少污染。 【即练1】 1．We should try ______ the environment because we have only one earth! A．protecting B．protect C．well to protect D．our best to protect 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们应该尽最大努力保护环境，因为我们只有一个地球！ try one’s best to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”。根据语境“because we have only one earth”，可知此处强调应尽最大努力，选项D符合搭配及句意。try protecting表示“尝试保护”，所以A项不符合语义；B项try后不能直接跟动词原形，语法错误；C项搭配错误。 【即练2】 2．—My father keeps . That’s harmful. —You should try your best him. A．on smoking; to prevent B．to smoke; preventing C．smoking; prevent 【答案】A 【详解】句意：－我爸爸坚持抽烟。那有害。－你应该尽力阻止他。坚持/持续做某事：keep doing sth或keep on doing sth；Ｂ错；尽某人最大努力做某事：try one’s best to do sth.Ｃ错。故选Ａ。 一、单词拼写 1．The young man won a medal for his ________ (cooperate) in wildlife protection. 【答案】cooperation 【详解】句意：这个年轻人因在野生动物保护方面的合作而获得一枚奖章。his为形容词性物主代词，后面跟名词；cooperate是动词，对应的名词形式cooperation意为“合作”。 2．We ________ (found) a small environmental group last term. 【答案】founded 【详解】句意：上学期我们成立了一个小型环保小组。last term表示过去的时间，本句时态为一般过去时；found表示“创立”，它的过去式是founded。 3．Our school will start a new ________ (green) activity next month. 【答案】green 【详解】句意：我们学校下个月将开展一项新的环保活动。句中空白处所填词语修饰名词activity，需要形容词作定语，括号内单词green本身可作形容词，green activity意为“环保活动”。 4．You can reuse the packaging instead of throwing it into the bin. It helps ________ (recycle). 【答案】recycle/to recycle 【详解】句意：你可以重复利用包装，而不是把它扔进垃圾桶。这有助于回收利用。固定搭配：help (to) do sth.“有助于做某事”，不定式to可省略，后面用动词原形，所以填recycle/to recycle。 5．Several ________ (type) of wild birds live near the lake. 【答案】types 【详解】句意：好几种野生鸟类生活在湖边。句中“Several”意为几种，后必须搭配可数名词复数，type是可数名词，复数形式直接加-s，故填types。 6．The ________ (pollute) has harmed the blood of many sea animals. 【答案】pollution 【详解】句意：污染已经损害了许多海洋动物的血液。根据提示词pollute可知，空格前有定冠词The，此处需要填名词作句子主语；pollute是动词，其对应的名词形式为pollution，意为“污染”，为不可数名词，故填pollution。 7．Please put a tick beside the ________ (correct) answers on the list. 【答案】correct 【详解】句意：请在清单上正确的答案旁边打勾。空格修饰名词answers，需要形容词；correct本身兼具形容词词性，含义为“正确的”，无需变形，故填correct。 8．It is important to breathe fresh air to keep our ________ (lung) healthy. 【答案】lungs 【详解】句意：呼吸新鲜空气以保持肺部健康是很重要的。根据“our”及句意，需填可数名词复数形式作宾语。lung的复数形式是lungs。 9．Some animals ________ (suffer) greatly from sea pollution every year. 【答案】suffer 【详解】句意：每年都有一些动物深受海洋污染的危害。suffer是动词，意为“遭受”，固定搭配suffer from意为“遭受……之苦”。时间标志every year（每年），提示句子用一般现在时；主语Some animals是复数，谓语动词用原形suffer。 10．The ________ (introduce) tells us the whole process of carbon recycling. 【答案】introduction 【详解】句意：这份介绍向我们讲述了碳循环的整个过程。定冠词the后接名词，introduce的名词形式是introduction。 11．He received a medal in ________ (honour) of his environmental work. 【答案】honour 【详解】句意：他因他的环保工作获颁一枚奖章。句中固定短语in honour of意为“为纪念；为表彰”，括号内单词honour本身为名词，固定搭配中直接使用原形，故填honour。 12．________ (beside), too much carbon is bad for our lungs. 【答案】Besides 【详解】句意：此外，过量的碳会损害我们的肺部。此处需要副词放在句首表递进关系，beside是介词，意为“在……旁边”；副词besides意为“此外、另外”，句首首字母大写，故填Besides。 13．We plan ________ (donate) cloth and grey packaging materials to charity. 【答案】to donate 【详解】句意：我们计划把布料和灰色包装材料捐赠给慈善机构。句中出现固定搭配“plan to do sth.”，表示“计划做某事”，括号内donate是动词，表示“捐赠”，搭配要求动词前加to构成动词不定式作plan的宾语，故填to donate。 14．This charity ________ (organize) was founded five years ago. 【答案】organization 【详解】句意：这个慈善机构是五年前成立的。句中“charity”为名词作定语，后需要接名词共同构成句子主语，后半句“was founded five years ago”提示空格处为表示机构的名词单数，括号内的organize是动词，表示“组织”，需要通过词形转换变为对应的名词形式，故填organization。 15．Please ________ (sort) different rubbish before you put it into the wastebin. 【答案】sort 【详解】句意：请在你把垃圾扔进垃圾桶之前，分类不同的垃圾。sort是动词，意为“分类”。本句是Please开头的祈使句，结构为“Please+动词原形”，所以用sort。 二、单项选择 16．Some old cloth can be ________ instead of being thrown away. A．recycle B．recycled C．recycling D．to recycle 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一些旧布料可以被回收利用而不是被扔掉。 根据“can be ________”可知，主语cloth与recycle之间是被动关系，应用情态动词的被动语态结构“can be + 过去分词”，故填recycled。 17．You can read the short ________ to know the whole experiment process. A．introduction B．instruction C．pollution D．awareness 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你可以阅读简短的说明来了解整个实验过程。 introduction介绍；instruction说明，指令；pollution污染；awareness意识。根据“know the whole experiment process”可知，想要了解实验的具体过程步骤，需要阅读操作说明，instruction特指操作须知、步骤说明，是实验、设备使用场景的固定用词。应填instruction。 18．Don’t leave trash ________. It brings negative influence on wildlife. A．somewhere B．everywhere C．nowhere D．anywhere 【答案】D 【详解】句意：不要把垃圾留在任何地方。它会给野生动物带来负面影响。 somewhere某处；everywhere到处；nowhere无处；anywhere任何地方。根据句首“Don’t”可知本句为否定句，在否定句中表示“任何地方”应用anywhere。 19．Many sea animals still ________ from serious ocean pollution nowadays. A．suffer B．suffer from C．suffering D．suffered 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如今许多海洋动物仍然遭受着严重海洋污染的折磨。 suffer遭受；suffer from遭受……之苦；suffering遭受（现在分词）；suffered遭受（过去式）。根据时间状语“nowadays”可知句子用一般现在时；主语“Many sea animals”是复数，谓语动词用原形suffer。suffer from表示“遭受……之苦”，句中已有from，故排除。 20．—Hi, Tom! Is this your new pen? —Yes. My dad gave it to me. I ________ it for two days. A．have bought B．have had C．bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——嗨，汤姆！这是你的新钢笔吗？——是的。我爸爸给我的。我已经拥有它两天了。 have bought买了，现在完成时；have had拥有，现在完成时；bought买，过去式。根据时间状语“for two days”可知，句子应使用现在完成时，其结构为have/has+过去分词，本句主语为I，所以助动词用have，且根据语境，谓语动词需用延续性动词，buy“买”，是瞬间动词，不能与时间段连用，需转换为have表示“拥有”。应填have had。 21．—My cousin ________ Beijing since 2020. She studies in a university there. —Really? I also have a friend studying in Beijing. A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我的表姐/表妹从2020年起就在北京了，她在那里的一所大学学习。——真的吗？我也有一个朋友在北京学习。has been to曾经去过某地（现在已不在那里）；has gone to去了某地（现在还没回来，可能在途中或目的地）；has been in在某地待了一段时间（现在仍在那里）。句中出现了时间标志词since 2020，表示从过去持续到现在的状态，且后句说明她现在仍在北京上学，has been in表示“在某地持续停留”，能和since 2020搭配，符合语境。 22．Nobody ________ Mr. Smith since he ________ to Shanghai to work. A．has seen; moved B．saw; has moved C．saw; moved 【答案】A 【详解】句意：自从史密斯先生搬到上海工作以来，没有人见过他。 has seen见过，现在完成时； moved移动，过去式/过去分词；saw看见，见到，过去式；has moved现在完成时。since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。主句主语Nobody是不定代词，谓语动词用has seen；从句动作发生在过去，用moved。 23．—Why do you look so excited, Tom? —My aunt is coming back next week. We haven’t seen each other ________ 2020. A．in B．for C．since 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你为什么看起来这么兴奋？——我阿姨下周要回来了。自 2020 年以来我们没见过面。in在……里/后；for持续；since自从。根据“We haven’t seen each other”可知句子时态为现在完成时，空后“2020”是过去的时间点，since后接过去时间点表示“自从……以来”。 24．—Hi, Wendy, your cellphone looks nice. Is it new? —No, I_________ it for two years. A．bought B．have bought C．have had 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——嗨，温迪，你的手机看起来不错。是新的吗？——不，我已经用了两年了。 bought买（一般过去时，bought为短暂性动词）；have bought买（现在完成时，bought为短暂性动词）；have had有（现在完成时，had为延续性动词）。根据题干“for two years”表示时间段，应用延续性动词的现在完成时，应填have had。 25．— Come on, dear! The film _________ for five minutes. —I’m sorry for being late. A．has begun B．began C．has been on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——快点，亲爱的！电影已经上映五分钟了。——对不起，我迟到了。 根据时间状语“for five minutes”可知，句子时态应为现在完成时，且谓语动词必须是延续性动词。begin是短暂性动词，不能与时间段连用；be on表示状态，是延续性动词，可以与时间段连用。故选C。 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 In her small workshop, Maria doesn’t see trash; she sees possibilities. Her business, “Re-Imagine,” is built on upcycling—the art of turning old unwanted items into something new and 26 higher value. It started three years ago when she found a discarded (被丢弃的) wooden ladder on the street. Instead of passing by, she 27 it home. With some cleaning, sanding, and fresh paint, she transformed it into a unique bookshelf. She posted a picture online, and to her 28 , many people wanted to buy it. That was the beginning. Now, she collects broken furniture, old tires, and even used glass bottles. “Every object has a story and a 29 to be beautiful again,” she says. Her creations are not just eco-friendly; they are pieces of art with character that new factory-made products 30 . Her work challenges our throw-away culture. We live in a world that often encourages buying new and 31 old. Maria shows us that with creativity, we can reduce waste and create beauty. Her 32 also touches her customers. “When I buy her upcycled lamp, I feel I’m not just buying a product; I’m 33 a story and supporting a good cause,” one customer said. Maria’s success proves that environmental protection and business can go hand in hand. She hopes to 34 more people, especially young students, to look at their surroundings with creative eyes. “You don’t need to be a professional artist,” she smiles. “You just need to 35 that one person’s trash could be another person’s treasure.” 26．A．of B．for C．with D．by 27．A．pushed B．carried C．threw D．sent 28．A．regret B．surprise C．sorrow D．relief 29．A．right B．duty C．chance D．problem 30．A．lack B．have C．value D．need 31．A．hiding B．fixing C．storing D．throwing away 32．A．price B．speed C．story D．humor 33．A．writing B．buying C．forgetting D．ending 34．A．order B．warn C．inspire D．force 35．A．doubt B．prove C．realize D．promise 【答案】 26．A 27．B 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．D 32．C 33．B 34．C 35．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了Maria通过创意和手工将废旧物品改造成独特工艺品，并成立了自己的品牌“Re-Imagine”，从而启发人们减少浪费、用创意眼光看待周围的事物。 【详解】26．句意：她的店铺名为 “重塑想象”，经营核心是升级再造：一门将废弃旧物改造成全新、更高价值物品的手艺。 根据空前并列连词“and”及形容词“new”可知，空处所填部分应与“new”并列共同作“something”的后置定语，“of+名词”结构在句中可充当形容词功能，所以选择of。 27．句意：她没有径直走开，而是把梯子搬回了家。 根据前文“she found a discarded wooden ladder on the street.”可知，Maria在街上发现了一个被丢弃的木制梯子，把梯子弄回家应用表示“搬、扛”的词，所以选择carried表示“搬运/携带”。pushed“推”，threw“扔”，sent“发送”，均不符合动作发生时的生活常识。 28．句意：她把成品照片发到网上，令她意外的是，很多人都想买下这个书架。 根据后文“many people wanted to buy it”可知，她制作的第一个手工作品就受到了很多人的喜爱，这对于刚起步的她来说是出乎意料的，且固定搭配“to one’s surprise”意为“令某人吃惊的是”，所以选择surprise表示“惊奇”。regret“遗憾”，sorrow“悲伤”，relief“宽慰”，均不符合语境逻辑。 29．句意：她说：“每一件物品都承载一段故事，也都有重焕美丽的机会。” 根据全文关于旧物变废为宝的主题可知，Maria认为废旧物品能够通过创意获得第二次生命，重新变美，所以选择chance表示“机会”。right“权利”，duty“职责”，problem“问题”，均不符合旧物重生的语境。 30．句意：她的作品不止环保，更是富有独特韵味的艺术品，这是量产工业品所缺失的。 根据上文“they are pieces of art with character”表示Maria的作品具有独特的个性，后文将之与工厂大批量生产的产品进行对比，说明流水线产品缺乏这种个性，所以选择lack表示“缺乏/没有”。have“有”，value“重视”，need“需要”，均不符合上下文的对比逻辑。 31．句意：我们身处的社会总鼓吹买新弃旧。 根据本段首句“Her work challenges our throw-away culture.”可知，Maria的工作挑战了我们的“一次性/丢弃”文化，下文是对这种丢弃文化的具体阐述，与“buying new”相对的应当是“扔旧”，所以选择throwing away表示“扔掉”。hiding“躲藏”，fixing“修理”，storing“储存”，均不符合鼓励购买新物品同时丢弃旧物品的逻辑。 32．句意：她的故事也打动着每一位顾客。 根据后文客户说的话“I feel I’m not just buying a product; I’m…a story”可知，打动客户的并非产品本身，而是Maria和她作品背后的故事，所以选择story表示“故事”。price“价格”，speed“速度”，humor“幽默”，均不能概括下文客户提及的感动来源。 33．句意：一位顾客说道：“买下她改造的灯具时，我不只是在买一件商品，更是买下一段故事，同时支持一份有意义的事业。” 根据空前并列的“buying a product”以及并列连词“and”可知，空处与前面的“buying”在语义上相呼应，表示不仅是在买产品，而且是在买故事，所以选择buying表示“购买”。writing“写”，forgetting“忘记”，ending“结束”，均不能表达买下故事的语义呼应。 34．句意：她希望能启发更多人，尤其是青年学生，用富有创意的眼光看待身边万物。 根据后文“to look at their surroundings with creative eyes”可知，Maria希望通过自己的环保创业成功案例来激励、鼓舞更多人，所以选择inspire表示“启发/鼓舞”。order“命令”，warn“警告”，force“强迫”，均含有消极或强制意图，不符合正面引导的语境。 35．句意：“你只需要明白，一个人眼中的垃圾，或许是另一个人的珍宝。” 根据空后宾语从句“that one person’s trash could be another person’s treasure”可知，此处指人们需要明白、意识到垃圾与财富转换的道理，所以选择realize表示“意识到/明白”。doubt“怀疑”，prove“证明”，promise“承诺”，均不符合上下文对认知转变的逻辑呼应。 四、完成句子 36．我想参加英语演讲比赛。 I want to ________ ________ ________ the English speech contest. 【答案】 take part in 【详解】原句中“参加”是关键词，表示“参加（活动/比赛）”的短语是“take part in”。本句中“want to”后接动词原形，故填take；part；in。 37．他们种树来纪念这位伟大的科学家。 They plant trees ________ ________ ________ the great scientist. 【答案】 in honor of 【详解】原句中“纪念”是关键词，表示“为了纪念”的短语是“in honor of”。本句空格位于“plant trees”和“the great scientist”之间，介词短语作目的状语。故填in；honor；of。 38．学校教学生有关环境保护的知识。 Schools teach students knowledge about ________ ________. 【答案】 environmental protection 【详解】原句中“环境保护”是关键词，表示“环境保护”的短语是environmental protection。介词about后面需要接名词或名词短语作宾语。environmental是形容词，修饰名词protection，符合语法结构且句意通顺。故填environmental；protection。 39．夏天我们需要更多饮用水。 We need more ________ ________ in summer. 【答案】 drinking water 【详解】原句中的关键词是“饮用水”，用来表示“饮用水”的短语是drinking water，其中drinking是动名词作定语，修饰不可数名词water。 40．政府会采取行动解决这个问题。 The government will ________ ________ to solve the problem. 【答案】 take action 【详解】原句中“采取行动”是关键词，表示“采取行动”的动词短语是take action，该句时态为一般将来时，will后接动词原形，故填take；action。 五、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选出正确的词并用其适当形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 environment   good   grow   leaf   many   pay   somebody   though   you   write Now, people can write emails to trees in Australia. In 2013, each tree in the city was given its own email address. Since then, the trees have received more than 3000 emails. Some letters thanked the trees for providing oxygen (氧气). Many of them asked the trees, “Is there 41 looking after you? How do you feel when your 42 fall off?” And “How old are you?” is another commonly asked question. The tree which has received the 43 letters is a Golden Elm on the busy Punt Road. Many people think the tree looks very magical. “Do you remember me? I used to drive past 44 every day as I worked in Melbourne,” from a person called LJ. “You are my favorite tree 45 you make me bow during my morning run. You have 46 too big!” emailed another to the Golden Elm. Sometimes, the tree may “reply” to questions in the emails. “I am lucky to be 47 looked after and I’m so glad to be liked,” the Golden Elm 48 in reply to one letter. The project was started by a(n) 49 group in Melbourne. The purpose is to protect trees in the city. With this project, more and more people are 50 attention to the trees and the protection of them. 【答案】 41．anybody 42．leaves 43．most 44．you 45．though 46．grown 47．well 48．wrote 49．environmental 50．paying 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍澳大利亚悉尼一项有趣的项目：给城市里的每棵树分配专属邮箱，民众给树木写邮件倾诉、提问，相关环保组织借此呼吁大家爱护树木、保护城市生态环境。 【详解】41．句意：有人照顾你们吗？本句为一般疑问句，结合空格后“looking after you”，此处是询问是否有人照顾“你们”；备选词somebody“某人”符合语境，疑问句中需变为anybody。 42．句意：当你们的树叶飘落时，你们是什么感受？结合空格后“fall off”，此处是指树叶飘落，备选词leaf“树叶”符合语境，树木的叶片不止一片，需要变为复数形式leaves，匹配谓语动词“fall”。 43．句意：收到信件最多的树是繁忙的庞特路上的一棵金榆树。空格前有定冠词 “the”，此处表达数量最高级，备选词many“许多”符合语境，它的最高级形式为most；the most letters表示“最多的信件”。 44．句意：我以前在悉尼工作时，每天开车经过你。此处指代前文提到的这棵金榆树，备选词you“你”符合语境，介词“past”后用人称代词宾格you。 45．句意：你是我最喜欢的树，尽管晨跑时你总会让我弯腰避让。前后两句存在让步转折逻辑，备选词though“尽管、虽然”符合语境，用来引导让步状语从句。 46．句意：你长得太高大了！空格前有助动词“have”，句子为现在完成时，需要使用动词过去分词；备选词grow“生长”符合树木长大的文意，过去分词形式为grown。 47．句意：我很幸运能被好好照料，也很高兴大家喜欢我。空格修饰动词短语 “looked after”，需要副词；备选词good“好的”符合语境，副词形式为well，be well looked after意为“被妥善照料”。 48．句意：“我很幸运能被好好照料，也很高兴大家喜欢我。”这棵金榆树在回复一封邮件时这样写道。全文整体时态为一般过去时，此处表达树木回复邮件写下这段话，备选词write“写”符合语境，过去式形式为wrote。 49．句意：这个项目由墨尔本一个环保小组发起。空格修饰名词“group”，需用形容词；备选词environment“环境”符合保护树木的主题，形容词形式为environmental，environmental group意为“环保小组”。 50．句意：通过这个项目，越来越多的人开始关注树木以及树木保护工作。固定搭配pay attention to意为“关注”，备选词pay符合搭配；空格前有be动词“are”，句子为现在进行时，需要变为现在分词paying。 六、短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The Zhang family has made a plan to do more to protect the environment. Each person 51 (have) his or her own job. Mr Zhang checks if the lights are off 52 no one is in the room. Mrs Zhang collects plastic bottles and other 53 (thing) from the kitchen. She puts them in a box for recycling. The children help clean the house and grow vegetables in the yard. They use rainwater 54 (water) the plants. Last weekend, the whole family 55 (take) part in a “Clean Community” activity. They picked up litter and talked to people 56 sorting waste. After cleaning all morning, they were tired but happy. The Zhangs think everyone should care about the earth, 57 small things can make a big difference. They also made 58 poster to show their green habits. They have already 59 (collect) more than 100 used bottles this month. Mr Zhang said it was the 60 (good) family project they had ever done. 【答案】 51．has 52．when/if 53．things 54．to water 55．took 56．about 57．because 58．a 59．collected 60．best 【导语】本文讲述张家全家制定环保计划，每个人分工参与环保行动，还参与社区清洁活动，用小事践行绿色生活。 【详解】51．句意：每个人都有属于自己的任务。主语Each person为单数，该段描述计划内容为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数has。 52．句意：张先生检查房间没人的时候灯是否关掉。此处需要连词引导状语从句，表“当没人在房间时”，填when，if也符合语义逻辑。 53．句意：张太太收集塑料瓶和厨房其他物品。other后接可数名词复数，thing变为things。 54．句意：他们用雨水浇灌植物。固定搭配use sth. to do sth.，此处用不定式to water表目的。 55．句意：上周末，全家人参加了“清洁社区”活动。Last weekend为过去时间，动词take用过去式took。 56．句意：他们捡拾垃圾，和人们谈论垃圾分类。固定搭配talk to sb. about sth.，表示和某人谈论某事，填about。 57．句意：张家认为每个人都应该爱护地球，因为小事能带来巨大改变。后半句是前半句的原因，用连词because引导原因状语从句。 58．句意：他们还制作了一张海报展示自己的绿色习惯。此处表示一张海报，poster是可数名词单数，发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 59．句意：这个月他们已经收集了超过100个废旧瓶子。句中have already提示为现在完成时，collect用过去分词collected。 60．句意：张先生说这是他们做过最好的家庭项目。后文they had ever done表示范围，用形容词最高级，good的最高级为best。 七、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。 A: Hey, Tom, World Earth Day is coming soon! Let’s think about how we can save the earth. B: 61 ? A: Yes. We can save electricity by turning off lights when we’re not using them. B: Good idea! We can also buy fewer things to cut down waste. A: Sure! And 62 ? B: We can plant more trees to make our neighborhood greener. A: I agree. 63 . B: How can we save water? A: 64 . B: Totally! Small changes in our daily habits can make a big difference. A: 65 . So let’s make an effort to save the earth not just on World Earth Day but every day. B: Sounds great! Together, we can protect our beautiful planet. 【答案】61．Do you have any ideas 62．what else can we do to save the earth 63．Another way to save the earth is by saving water 64．We can take shorter showers and collect rainwater for watering plants 65．You are right 【导语】本文是一篇关于世界地球日的对话。两人围绕如何在日常生活中保护地球展开讨论，内容涉及节约用电、减少浪费、植树造林、节约用水等具体措施，最后达成共识：要从日常小事做起，持续保护地球。 【详解】61．下文A回答“Yes. We can save electricity by turning off lights when we’re not using them.”表示“是的，我们不用灯时关灯就能省电”，此处应是一个一般疑问句，此处B是在询问A是否有具体的建议或想法。故用“Do you have any ideas”衔接下文。 62．下文B回答“We can plant more trees to make our neighborhood greener.”表示“我们可以多种树，让小区更绿意盎然”，此处A应是在询问其他环保方法。故用“what else can we do to save the earth”引出下文。 63．下文B问“How can we save water?”表示“我们该如何节水？”，此处A应引出节水这个环保话题。故用“Another way to save the earth is by saving water”引出下文。 64．上文B问“How can we save water?”表示“我们该如何节水？”，此处需要给出一个具体的节约用水的建议。故用“We can take shorter showers and collect rainwater for watering plants”回应上文的问题。 65．上文B回答“Totally! Small changes in our daily habits can make a big difference.”表示“完全同意！日常小习惯能带来巨大改变”，后文A呼吁坚持环保，故用“You are right”承接认同对方的观点。 $