第10讲 Unit 5语法（后缀-ty/-ity & that/which引导的定语从句 & 单元写作）（暑假预习讲义）新九年级英语新教材仁爱科普版

第10讲 语法（后缀-ty，-ity和定语从句（that、which引导）及单元写作 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 构词法：掌握后缀 -ty/-ity 形容词变名词的规则，能熟练完成词性转换、解题与写作升级。 2. 定语从句：掌握 that/which 引导的限定性定语从句，能识别先行词、正确选用关系词、规范造句。 3. 写作运用：围绕科技改善生活主题，能用定语从句与高级名词升级句式，写出结构完整、语法准确的中考作文。 学习重点 1. -ty/-ity 高频变形、拼写规则与名词用法。 2. that/which 指代事物的用法、从句基本结构与语序。 3. 科技话题写作三段式结构、素材运用与语法融合输出。 学习难点 1. 区分 -ty 与 -ity 适用场景，攻克特殊拼写变形。 2. that/which 辨析、从句主谓一致、避免语序错误。 3. 在写作中自然嵌入定语从句与高级名词，提升文章层次感，避免生硬堆砌。 1、 后缀-ty，-ity 一、考点总述（中考必考） -ty / -ity 是中考词性转换高频名词后缀，核心功能：形容词 → 抽象名词，表示“性质、状态、程度、特征”。 两大后缀为仁爱版九年级核心构词考点，常考题型：用所给词适当形式填空、短文填空、写作名词升级，与此前学的-able形容词后缀形成完整词性转换体系。 核心区分： ✅ -ty：多附在单音节/短形容词后，拼写简单、变形规则固定； ✅ -ity：多附在多音节形容词后，属于高阶名词后缀，中考提分重点。 二、后缀 -ty 精讲（基础必考） 1. 构词公式 形容词 + ty → 抽象名词（……的性质/状态） true 真实的 → truth 真实、真相 safe 安全的 → safety 安全 wide 宽广的 → width 宽度 long 长的 → length 长度 high 高的 → height 高度 strong 强壮的 → strength 力量、优势 2.核心易错点 （1）部分单词拼写变形特殊，不可直接照搬形容词拼写：high→height、long→length； （2）-ty结尾名词均为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数； （3）固定搭配：in safety（安全地）、tell the truth（说实话）。 三、后缀 -ity 精讲（进阶高分） 1. 中考高频变形（教材+真题核心） active 积极的 → activity 活动、积极性 possible 可能的 → possibility 可能性 real 真实的 → reality 现实 able 有能力的 → ability 能力 responsible 有责任的 → responsibility 责任 flexible 灵活的 → flexibility 灵活性 2.变形规则（必考） （1）形容词以le结尾：去e + ity（possible→possibility、able→ability）； （2）多音节形容词优先用-ity后缀，是写作高级名词替换核心； （3）词义统一抽象，无具体实物，只表状态、特质、能力。 四、-able / -ty / -ity 词性转换联动（衔接Unit4语法） 例： achieve（v.实现）→ achievable（adj.可实现的）→ achievement（n.成就） rely（v.依靠）→ reliable（adj.可靠的）→ reliability（n.可靠性） accept（v.接受）→ acceptable（adj.可接受的）→ acceptability（n.可接受性） 五、中考解题万能技巧 1. 判空格词性：冠词(a/an/the)、形容词、物主代词后、介词后，必填名词，优先考虑-ty/ity后缀； 2. 判后缀选择：短形容词选-ty，长的多音节形容词选-ity； 3. 避坑要点：后缀名词表抽象状态，一律不可数，无复数（activity表具体活动时可复数）。 六、写作高分句型（直接套用） 1. Practice improves our ability to learn foreign languages well. 练习能提升我们学好外语的能力。 2. There is a strong possibility that we will make progress in English. 我们很有可能在英语学习上取得进步。 3. Safety and truth are important in our study and life. 安全与真诚是我们学习和生活中的重要准则。 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1. We should always tell the ________ (true) in our daily life. 【答案】truth 【解析】句意：我们在日常生活中应该始终讲实话。本题考查后缀-ty构词法，形容词true加后缀-ty变为抽象名词truth，意为“真相、事实”。定冠词the后接名词，故填truth。 2. Modern technology improves our living ________ (safe) greatly. 【答案】safety 【解析】句意：现代科技极大地提升了我们的生活安全。本题考查后缀-ty构词法，形容词safe加后缀-ty变为名词safety，意为“安全”。形容词性物主代词our后接名词，故填safety。 3. Everyone has the ________ (able) to make progress through hard work. 【答案】ability 【解析】句意：每个人都有通过努力取得进步的能力。本题考查后缀-ity构词法，形容词able变名词为ability，意为“能力”。the后接名词，固定结构have the ability to do sth.，故填ability。 4. There is no ________ (possible) that technology will stop developing. 【答案】possibility 【解析】句意：科技停止发展是不可能的。本题考查后缀-ity构词法，形容词possible去e加-ity变为名词possibility，意为“可能性”。no后接名词，故填possibility。 5. We are surprised at the ________ (high) of the modern building. 【答案】height 【解析】句意：我们对这座现代化建筑的高度感到惊讶。本题考查后缀-ty特殊变形，形容词high变形为名词height，意为“高度”。定冠词the后接名词，故填height。 6. Regular exercise can improve our physical ________ (strong). 【答案】strength 【解析】句意：规律运动可以增强我们的身体力量。本题考查后缀-ty特殊变形，形容词strong变形为名词strength，意为“力量”。形容词physical修饰名词，故填strength。 7. We should face the ________ (real) of technological development bravely. 【答案】reality 【解析】句意：我们应该勇敢面对科技发展的现实。本题考查后缀-ity构词法，形容词real加-ity变为名词reality，意为“现实”。定冠词the后接名词，故填reality。 8. The ________ (long) of the new high-speed railway is over 500 kilometers. 【答案】length 【解析】句意：这条新高铁的长度超过500公里。本题考查后缀-ty特殊变形，形容词long变形为名词length，意为“长度”。the + 名词 + of为固定结构，故填length。 9. A good student should have a sense of ________ (responsible). 【答案】responsibility 【解析】句意：好学生应该有责任感。本题考查后缀-ity构词法，形容词responsible去e加-ity变为名词responsibility，意为“责任”。介词of后接名词，故填responsibility。 10. The ________ (wide) of the road makes our traffic much smoother. 【答案】width 【解析】句意：道路的宽度让交通更加顺畅。本题考查后缀-ty特殊变形，形容词wide变形为名词width，意为“宽度”。the + 名词 + of结构，故填width。 11. Technology gives us the ________ (flexible) to study in different ways. 【答案】flexibility 【解析】句意：科技让我们拥有灵活多样的学习方式。本题考查后缀-ity构词法，形容词flexible去e加-ity变为名词flexibility，意为“灵活性”。the后接名词，故填flexibility。 12. We value the ________ (pure) of scientific research. 【答案】purity 【解析】句意：我们珍视科学研究的纯粹性。本题考查后缀-ity构词法，形容词pure去e加-ity变为名词purity，意为“纯粹性”。the后接名词，故填purity。 13. The ________ (stable) of modern technology ensures our convenient life. 【答案】stability 【解析】句意：现代科技的稳定性保障了我们便利的生活。本题考查后缀-ity构词法，形容词stable去e加-ity变为名词stability，意为“稳定性”。the后接名词作主语，故填stability。 14. The ________ (safe) of online payment is improving these years. 【答案】safety 【解析】句意：近年来线上支付的安全性正在不断提升。本题考查后缀-ty构词法，形容词safe加后缀-ty变为名词safety，意为“安全、安全性”。the后接名词作主语，故填safety。 2、 定语从句（that、which引导） 定语从句：在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子，叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语。 位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。 类别：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 that和which的用法辨析 一、只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况 ①先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。 例1. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 例2. I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 你给我的所有书我都已经读过了。 ②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 例1. This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 例1. The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 ③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。 例1. The only thing that matters is to find our way home. 唯一要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。 例1. The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。 ④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 例.They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 二、只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况 典型场合 典型示例 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句或主句一部分，标志为逗号。 Our football team won the final, which made us excited. 我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。 用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如in which, both of which等，标志为介词。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 过去我居住的房子已变成了一家鞋店。 【名师提醒】 当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。 例. I don't like the way (that/in which) he looks at me. 一、单词拼写 1．The shelter ________ (that/which) we ________ (stay) in yesterday is very safe. 【答案】 that/which stayed 【详解】句意：我们昨天待过的避难所非常安全。这是一个定语从句，先行词The shelter（避难所）是事物，且在从句中作介词in的宾语，因此可以用关系代词that或which引导。yesterday（昨天）表示过去的时间，所以动词stay要使用一般过去式stayed。 2．This is the earthquake ________ (shake) our town last month. 【答案】that/which shook 【详解】句意：这就是上个月震动我们城镇的那场地震。这是一个定语从句，先行词the earthquake是事物，且在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词that或which引导；时间状语last month（上个月）提示从句用一般过去时，动词shake的过去式为shook。故填that/which shook。 3．This is a reading note ________ ________ (write) by my deskmate during reading. 【答案】 that/which was written 【详解】句意：这是我同桌在阅读时写的阅读笔记。分析句子结构，空格处为定语从句修饰先行词a reading note。“write”与先行词之间为被动关系，且根据句意描述过去的情况，应用一般过去时的被动语态was written。引导词在从句中作主语，可用that或which，was written为谓语部分。 4．This is a novel that ________ (be) full of interesting stories for teenagers. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：这是一本充满适合青少年阅读的有趣故事的小说。本句包含that引导的定语从句，先行词是a novel（单数名词），定语从句的谓语动词需与先行词保持人称和数的一致；同时主句“This is a novel”使用一般现在时，因此从句也用一般现在时，be动词用is。故填is。 5．This is the cave ________ (that) we explored last summer. 【答案】that 【详解】句意：这是我们去年夏天探索的那个洞穴。空处引导定语从句，先行词是“the cave”，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作宾语，that符合。 二、单项选择 6．I enjoy listening to music ________ can touch my heart deeply. A．who B．whose C．that D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我喜欢听能深深触动我心灵的音乐。who谁（指人，作主语）；whose谁的（作定语）；that那个（指人或物，作主语/宾语）；what什么（不能引导定语从句）。先行词是music，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用that或which引导，结合选项可知应用that。 7．The notebook is the first gift ________ I received from my father. It means a lot to me. A．that B．who C．which D．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个笔记本是我从父亲那里收到的第一份礼物。它对我来说意义重大。 that关系代词（指人或物，可用于限制性定语从句，尤其当先行词被序数词、最高级等修饰时）；who关系代词（指人）；which关系代词（指物）。此处需要一个关系代词，在句中引导定语从句，指代先行词gift并在从句中作received的宾语，故填that。 8．Take anything ________ you like. Don’t tell anyone ________ you don’t know. A．who; that B．that; whom C．who; who D．which; that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：拿任何你喜欢的东西。不要告诉任何你不认识的人。 第一空先行词是anything，为不定代词，修饰不定代词的关系代词只能用that；第二空先行词是 anyone，指人，且在从句中作know的宾语，可用who/whom/that。根据第一空必须填that，排除A、C、D 项，第二空应填whom。 9．The correct sentence is: “I like music ________ makes me feel happy.” A．who B．whose C．where D．that 【答案】D 【详解】句意：正确的句子是：“我喜欢使我感到快乐的音乐。”who谁；whose谁的；where哪里；that那个（指人或物）。先行词是music，指物，且在从句中作主语，应用that引导定语从句。应填that。 10．Which word can be used for both people and things in a relative clause? A．who B．that C．which D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在定语从句中，哪个单词既可以指代人也可以指代物？ who谁；that那个；which哪个；whose谁的。在定语从句中，who用于指代人；which用于指代物；whose表示所属关系；that既可指代人也可指代物。根据“both people and things”可知，that符合题意。 11．The book ________ I borrowed from the library is about AI and robots. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我从图书馆借的那本书是关于人工智能和机器人的。 who谁；whose谁的；whom谁（宾格）；which哪个（指物）。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句修饰先行词“The book”，先行词指物且在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词which或that。 12．The book ________ I borrowed from the library last week is really interesting. A．who B．whose C．which D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上周我从图书馆借的那本书真的很有趣。who谁；whose谁的；which哪个；what什么。分析句子结构可知，先行词是The book，指物，且在从句中作borrowed的宾语，应用which引导定语从句。 13．The museum ________ we visited last week has a wonderful collection. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们上周参观的那个博物馆有很棒的藏品。 who谁；whom谁；which哪一个；what什么。先行词是“The museum”，指物，关系代词在从句中作visited的宾语，应用which或that引导。 14．The book ________ you lent me is very interesting. A．who B．which C．whom D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你借给我的那本书很有趣。who谁；which哪一个（指物）；whom谁（宾格）；what什么。分析句子结构可知，先行词是The book，指物，且在定语从句中作宾语，应用which或that引导。 15．The tree ________ grows there is over 500 years old. A．who B．what C．whom D．which 【答案】D 【详解】句意：那棵生长在那里的树已经有500多岁了。 who先行词必须是人；what不能引导定语从句；whom先行词是人，且在从句中作宾语；which先行词为事物，可在定语从句中作主语或宾语。本句先行词是“The tree”，指物，且在从句中作主语，应填which。 三、完成句子 16．她有一把控制车轮的轮椅。 She has a wheelchair ________ ________ the wheels. 【答案】 which/that controls 【详解】原句中“控制”是关键词。该句为定语从句，先行词是a wheelchair，关系代词作从句的主语，指物时可以用which或that；表示“控制”的动词为control，由主句的谓语has可知，句子为一般现在时，先行词wheelchair是单数，因此从句的谓语动词要用control的第三人称单数形式controls。 17．我喜欢能跟着唱的音乐。 I prefer music ________ I can ________ ________ to. 【答案】 that/which sing along 【详解】原句中“能跟着唱的”是修饰“音乐”的定语，先行词是物，需用关系代词that或which引导；表示“跟着……唱”的固定短语是sing along to。情态动词can后接动词原形，故填that/which；sing；along。 18．我喜欢有强烈节奏的歌曲。 I like songs ________ have a strong ________. 【答案】 that/which rhythm 【详解】原句中“有强烈节奏的歌曲”是关键词，表示“有……的歌曲”可用定语从句修饰。先行词“songs”指物，关系词在从句中作主语，可用“that”或“which”引导；“节奏”对应英文单词“rhythm”，作“have”的宾语。故填that/which；rhythm。 19．那款允许用户免费下载电子书的应用在学生中非常受欢迎。 The app ________ allows users ________ ________ e-books for free is very popular among students. 【答案】 that/which to download 【详解】原句中“允许……下载”为关键信息，先行词是app，从句中缺少主语，因此用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”，“下载”的英文单词为“download”。 20．这就是我昨天在博物馆看到的那个古老的记忆工具。 This is the old memory tool ________ I ________ in the museum yesterday. 【答案】 that/which saw 【详解】原句中“看到的那个……”是关键词，先行词tool是事物，引导限制性定语从句的关系代词可用that或which；表示“看到”的动词为“see”，时间状语“yesterday”表示过去，see变为过去式saw。 四、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Inspiring people are ordinary people who make extraordinary achievements. They always stick to their dreams and never give up. Tu Youyou is one of the most famous 21 in China. She is a great scientist 22 discovered artemisinin (青蒿素) to cure sick people. Tu Youyou was born in 1930. She was interested in medicine 23 she was a little girl. In the 1960s, many people suffered from serious diseases. She decided 24 traditional Chinese medicine to help patients. She faced lots of difficulties, 25 she never stopped her research. She and her team did thousands of experiments. They worked day and night 26 the right medicine. Finally, they succeeded 27 developing artemisinin. It has saved millions of lives all over the world. In 2015, Tu Youyou 28 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She is the first Chinese woman 29 got this great honor. Her spirit encourages 30 to keep working hard and never fear difficulties. 21．A．hero B．heroes C．heroess D．heros 22．A．who B．which C．what D．where 23．A．if B．when C．until D．because 24．A．study B．studying C．to study D．studied 25．A．but B．so C．and D．or 26．A．find B．to find C．finding D．found 27．A．in B．on C．at D．for 28．A．win B．won C．has won D．will win 29．A．which B．that C．what D．who 30．A．our B．ours C．us D．ourselves 【答案】 21．B 22．A 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．B 27．A 28．B 29．B 30．C 【导语】本文讲述了屠呦呦的生平事迹。她自幼对医学感兴趣，历经困难发现青蒿素，拯救数百万生命，并获得诺贝尔奖，激励后人努力奋斗。 【详解】21．句意：屠呦呦是中国最著名的英雄之一。 根据“one of the most famous”可知横线处需要名词复数形式。“hero”的复数是原形后面加es。其他选项形式错误。 22．句意：她是一位发现了可用于救治病人的青蒿素的伟大科学家。 定语从句中的先行词为“scientist”指人，需用“who”引导定语从句。which指物和where指地点，what不引导定语从句。 23．句意：当她是个小女孩时，她就对医学感兴趣。 根据“she was a little girl”可知当她是个小女孩时已经对医学感兴趣，该语境中适合“when”引导的时间状语从句。其他选项里“if”表示如果，“because”表示因为，“until”表示直到，都不符合语境。 24．句意：她决定学习传统中医来帮助病人。 “decide”常用搭配为decide to do sth.表示“决定去做某事”，动词后面需要接不定式，选项中只有“to study”是动词不定式形式，其他选项都不符合语法。 25．句意：她面临许多困难，但她从未停止研究。 根据横线前的“面临困难”和横线后的“从未停止研究”可知，前句和后句构成转折关系，选项中只有“but”是转折连词。“so”表因果，“and”表并列，“or”表选择都不符合语境。 26．句意：他们日夜工作以找到正确的药物。 根据宾语“the right medicine”可知，他们工作是为了找到合适的药物，表示目的需用动词不定式，选项中只有“to find”可以作目的状语。其他选项形式都不符合语法。 27．句意：最终，他们成功开发了青蒿素。 “succeeded”的动词常用搭配为“succeed in doing sth.”表示成功做成某事，动词后用介词“in”。其他介词不与“succeed”搭配表达此意。 28．句意：2015年，屠呦呦获得了诺贝尔生理学/医学奖。 “In 2015”是过去的时间，句子要用一般过去时。“win”的动词过去式为won。 29．句意：她是第一位获得此殊荣的中国女性。 根据先行词被序数词“the first”修饰，可知关系代词用that。其他选项不符合定语从句关系代词的语法要求。 30．句意：她的精神鼓励我们继续努力，不怕困难。 “encourage”的动词常用搭配为“encourage sb. to do sth.”，动词后接宾格。“我们”的宾格是“us”，其他选项都不是宾格形式。 五、选词填空 阅读下面短文, 从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。 which   where   what   why   that Last summer, I went to a small village with my family. I still remember 31 we did there. We woke up early to climb the mountain, which was covered with green trees. On the way, I asked my dad 32 the river at the bottom of the mountain came from. He smiled and said he didn’t know, but we could find out 33 it was so clear. At noon, we had lunch in a little restaurant. The food was simple but delicious. I noticed 34 many old people were sitting under a big tree, talking happily. I wondered 35 story they were sharing—the one about their childhood or the one about the village’s history. That trip taught me to ask questions and enjoy simple things. I hope to go there again one day! 【答案】31．what 32．where 33．why 34．that 35．which 【导语】本文讲述了作者去年夏天与家人去一个小村庄旅行的经历。 【详解】31．句意：我仍然记得我们在那里做了什么。此处需要一个连接代词作“remember”的宾语从句中的宾语，修饰动作“did”的对象。根据“We woke up early to climb the mountain”描述具体活动，可知此处指“所做的事情”，所以选择what。 32．句意：在路上，我问爸爸山脚下的河流是从哪里来的。此处需要一个连接副词作“asked”的宾语从句中的地点状语，修饰“came from”的地点来源。根据“the river at the bottom of the mountain came from”可知询问河流发源于何处，所以选择where。 33．句意：他笑着说不知道，但我们可以弄清楚它为什么那么清澈。此处需要一个连接副词作“find out”的宾语从句中的原因状语，修饰“was so clear”的原因。根据“we could find out”和下文“it was so clear”可知想探究清澈的原因，所以选择why。 34．句意：我注意到许多老人正坐在一棵大树下愉快地聊天。此处需要一个连接词引导“noticed”的宾语从句，该从句结构和意义完整，不缺成分。根据“many old people were sitting under a big tree, talking happily”可知此处陈述观察到的事实，所以选择that。 35．句意：我想知道他们在分享哪个故事——是关于他们童年的，还是关于村庄历史的。此处需要一个连接代词作“wondered”的宾语从句中的定语，修饰“story”的范围。根据“the one about their childhood or the one about the village’s history”可知在两个故事中做出选择，所以选择which。 六、短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What does it mean to be a hero? For many people, heroes are 36 (they) favorite athletes, singers, or movie characters. But in reality, heroes are often ordinary people 37 do extraordinary things in their daily lives. Take Mr. Chen, for example, a 65-year-old retired teacher 38 a small village in Yunnan Province. Every morning, he wakes up at 5 a.m. and walks three kilometers to the nearest bus stop, where he waits to 39 (help) children cross the busy road to school. He has been doing this for over fifteen years, rain or shine. “I know the children by name,” Mr. Chen says with a smile. “I want to make sure they get to school 40 (safe).” Mr. Chen is not alone. Around the world, countless individuals offer their time and energy 41 (make) the world a better place. Some volunteer in hospitals, others teach children in poor areas, and many simply lend a 42 (listen) ear to those in need. They may not have superpowers, but they have something even 43 (valuable)—compassion and a willingness to act. Interestingly, 44 (study) have shown that helping others not only benefits the receiver but also improves the helper’s own happiness and health. In other words, kindness is a two-way street. So the next time you see an opportunity to lend a hand, remember: you don’t need to wear a cape (披风) to be a hero. Sometimes, all it takes is a 45 (kind) heart. 【答案】 36．their 37．who/that 38．from/in 39．help 40．safely 41．to make 42．listening 43．more valuable 44．studies 45．kind 【导语】本文探讨了何为英雄，以陈先生为例，平凡人善举皆为英雄，帮助他人也能让自己受益。 【详解】36．句意：对许多人来说，英雄是他们最喜欢的运动员、歌手或电影角色。根据“favorite athletes”可知，此处需要使用形容词性物主代词修饰名词短语，they的形容词性物主代词是their，表示“他们的”。 37．句意：但在现实中，英雄往往是在日常生活中做出非凡事情的普通人。分析句子结构可知，“do extraordinary things”是修饰先行词“ordinary people”的定语从句，且从句中缺少主语，先行词为人，故填关系代词who/that。 38．句意：以陈先生为例，他是一位来自云南省一个小村庄的65岁退休教师。根据“a small village in Yunnan Province”可知，此处表示“来自”/“在”某个地方，介词from表示“来自”，介词in表示“在某地”，应填介词from/in。 39．句意：他在那里等着帮助孩子们穿过繁忙的马路去上学。根据“waits to”可知，此处考查动词不定式作目的状语，to后应接动词原形，故填help。 40．句意：我想确保他们能安全到达学校。根据“get to school”可知，此处修饰动词短语，应使用safe的副词形式safely，表示“安全地”。 41．句意：世界各地有无数人奉献自己的时间和精力，让世界变得更美好。根据“offer their time and energy”可知，此处表示“为了做某事”，应使用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to make。 42．句意：有些人去医院做志愿者，有些人则在贫困地区教孩子们，还有许多人只是倾听有需要者的心声。根据“lend a... ear”可知，此处考查固定搭配lend a listening ear“倾听”，应使用listen的现在分词形式listening作定语，表示“倾听的”。 43．句意：他们可能没有超能力，但他们拥有更宝贵的东西——同情心和行动的意愿。根据“even”可知，此处表示比较，应使用valuable的比较级more valuable，表示“更宝贵的”。 44．句意：有趣的是，研究表明，帮助他人不仅对受助者有益，还能改善助人者自身的幸福感和健康。根据“have shown”可知，主语应为复数名词，study的复数形式为studies。 45．句意：有时，只需要一颗善良的心。根据“heart”可知，此处需要使用形容词修饰名词，kind表示“善良的”，作定语。 3、 单元写作 一、单元写作总览（贴合新教材） 本单元主题为 A Path Toward a Better World（通往美好世界的道路），聚焦科技进步、创新发展、美好生活，单元写作核心话题为 How science and technology improve our life（科技如何改善我们的生活），是中考高频热点书面表达话题。 写作核心要求：结合日常实例，介绍科技在交通、通讯、学习、生活、医疗等方面的积极作用，可简单提及理性看待科技，语言流畅、结构清晰，熟练运用单元核心词汇与句型，词数80–120。 二、学习目标、重点、难点（简明课堂版） 学习目标 （1）掌握本单元科技类核心词汇与句型，能熟练运用于写作表达； （2）掌握科技话题三段式写作结构，条理清晰介绍科技对生活的改变； （3）能正确使用一般现在时、现在完成时，提升作文高级句式与逻辑质感。 三、单元核心写作素材（教材同步+中考必背） （一）重点核心词汇 technology n. 科技 scientific adj. 科学的 improve v. 改善；提升 invent v. 发明 invention n. 发明物 develop v. 发展；研发 development n. 发展 convenient adj. 方便的 efficient adj. 高效的 communication n. 交流 online adj. 在线的 modern adj. 现代的 （二）高频万能短语 1. with the development of science and technology 随着科技的发展 2. improve people’s life 改善人们的生活 3. bring great convenience to life 给生活带来极大便利 4. online learning 线上学习 5. fast transportation 快捷的交通 6. communicate with others 与人交流 7. save time and energy 节省时间和精力 8. make our life easier and better 让我们的生活更轻松美好 （三）高分句型（开篇+主体+结尾 全套套用） 【开篇点题】 1. With the rapid development of science and technology, our life has become much better than before. 随着科技的飞速发展，我们的生活变得越来越好。 2. Science and technology plays an important role in our daily life. 科技在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要角色。 【主体举例·核心得分句】 1. Modern technology makes it easy for us to study and work anytime. 现代科技让我们随时学习、工作变得更加便捷。 2. New transportation like high-speed trains shortens our travel time greatly. 高铁等新型交通方式大大缩短了我们的出行时间。 3. We can communicate with people far away through smartphones and the Internet. 我们可以通过手机和互联网与远方的人沟通。 4. Medical technology improves our health and helps us live longer. 医疗科技改善健康，让我们更加长寿。 【结尾升华】 1. Technology brings us a better world, and we should make good use of it. 科技为我们带来美好世界，我们应好好利用它。 2. I believe science and technology will keep improving our life in the future. 我相信未来科技会持续改善我们的生活。 四、标准三段式写作框架（直接套用） Paragraph 1 开篇（2句）：总起，点明科技飞速发展，极大改善了人们的生活。 Paragraph 2 主体（4–6句）：分点举例，从交通、通讯、学习、生活任意2–3个角度具体阐述，贴合生活实例。 Paragraph 3 结尾（2句）：总结好处，表达合理利用科技、期待未来发展的观点。 五、满分范文精讲（教材适配+中考标准） 写作题目 请以 How science and technology improve our life 为题写一篇短文，介绍科技如何改善我们的生活，可结合学习、出行、交流等方面，词数80–120。 满分范文 How science and technology improve our life With the development of science and technology, our daily life has changed a lot. It brings us great convenience and makes our world much better. Technology improves our life in many ways. Firstly, it changes our way of communication. We can talk with our friends and relatives far away easily through smartphones and the Internet. Secondly, fast transportation such as high-speed trains saves lots of time, making our travel easier. Thirdly, online learning provides us with more useful resources and helps us study better anytime. In short, science and technology is a powerful helper in our life. We should make good use of it to create a brighter future. 范文亮点解析 1. 贴合教材：完全紧扣Unit5科技改变世界主题，词汇、句式均来自单元核心知识点； 2. 结构满分：经典三段式，总—分—总逻辑清晰，层次分明，符合中考评分标准； 3. 句式高级：运用with伴随结构、such as举例、非谓语动词，句式丰富不单一； 4. 内容真实：通讯、交通、学习三大生活化角度，贴合学生认知，不空洞。 六、高频易错扣分点 1. 主谓一致错误：technology 为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数（plays/improves）； 2. 时态混用：介绍现状多用一般现在时、现在完成时，不随意乱用过去时； 3. 固定搭配错误：improve our life（正确），不可说 change our life better； 4. 中式英语：避免 “technology is very good” 等简单口语化表达，替换为高级句型。 1．现在，我们都知道“科学技术是第一生产力”。身处飞速发展的时代，我们的生活无时无刻不在受着科技的影响。那么，在日常生活中，你认为哪项科技发明或产物对我们的生活影响最大？请以“________ Has/Have Influenced Our Life”为题，根据下面的要点和要求，用英语写一篇文章。 写作要点：1. 是什么影响了我们的生活？ 2. 它（们）是如何影响我们的生活的？ 3. 你对这种影响有何感悟？ 写作要求：1. 首先写出完善的文章题目； 2. 文章要语句通顺，表达清楚，语法正确，上下文意连贯； 3. 短文写100词左右； 4. 文中不得出现自己学校真实名称和学生的真实姓名。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: The Smartphone Has Influenced Our Lives Nowadays, we live in a modern world which is influenced by high technology. Of all the technologies, I think the smartphone has influenced our lives most. A year ago, I’m crazy about the smartphone at home. The games in it were so fantastic that they made me very excited. Because of playing these games on the smartphone for a long time, my eyesight was weaker and weaker, and I did very badly in all my subjects. Later, thanks to my head teacher and my parents, I realized the danger of playing games. Since then, I’ve got rid of the smartphone slowly. As a result, I had good scores in most of my subjects. Thinking back now, I shouldn’t spend too much time playing games on the smartphone although the smartphone can bring us different feelings. After all, we teens need to develop healthy habits of studying and playing. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇记叙文，为材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”； ③提示：根据所给的问题提示确定主题，并完成写作，可适当添加细节，注意时态和语法正确。 [写作步骤] 第一步，先确定主题，补充完整题目，点明主题——智能手机影响了我们的生活； 第二步，结合自身的经历介绍它是如何影响我们的生活的； 第三步，书写结语。表达自己的感悟。 [亮点词汇] ①be influenced by受……的影响 ②be crazy about着迷于 ③get rid of 摆脱 ④thanks to由于，幸亏 ⑤spend too much time doing sth花太多时间做某事 [高分句型] ①Nowadays, we live in a modern world which is influenced by high technology. (which引导的定语从句，被动语态) ②Thinking back now, I shouldn’t spend too much time playing games on the smartphone although the smartphone can bring us different feelings.(although引导的让步状语从句) 2．本届冬奥会是科技的盛会，各种高科技频繁亮相，无论是智慧餐厅还是“猎豹”摄像机，让外国媒体大呼惊艳。不仅如此，科技给我们的生活也带来了巨变。假如你是九年级一班学生王华，学校正在举办科技节，你应邀参加以“科技改变生活”为主题的演讲比赛。请你根据以下思维导图的提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍身边的科技及其优点。 要求：1. 要点齐全，适当发挥； 2. 句子及篇章准确、连贯，书写规范； 3. 词数：80~100词左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 4. 文中不得出现考生的真实姓名、学校及其它任何个人相关信息。 Hello, everyone! I am Wang Hua in Class One, Grade 9. It’s a great honor for me to speak here. The rapid development of science and technology has brought great changes to our life. Smart phones, robots, high-speed trains and electric cars are four great inventions. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ China is taking the lead in some ways. I’m really proud of my country. That’s all for my speech. Thank you! 【答案】例文 Hello, everyone! I am Wang Hua in Class One, Grade 9. It’s a great honor for me to speak here. The rapid development of science and technology has brought great changes to our life. Smart phones, robots, high-speed trains and electric cars are four great inventions. The smart phone brings both convenience and pleasure to our life. We can shop online, watch movies, and have video chats through it. As for the robot, it can help us with housework, help our children with their homework and so on. It saves us a lot of time and energy. The high-speed train has greatly improved our travel speed. It travels at high speed. It’s very fast and comfortable. The electric car has also changed our life. It can not only save energy but also protect the environment to a great extent. It is convenient and green. China is taking the lead in some ways. I’m really proud of my country. That’s all for my speech. Thank you! 【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一篇材料作文。根据所给思维导图的提示，以“科技改变生活”为主题，写一篇作文介绍身边的科技及其优点。 2.写作指导：本文时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第三人称为主。写作时思维导图的提示全部要涵盖在内，可以从四个方面介绍身边的科技：智能手机、机器人、电动汽车以及高铁。针对细节可适当发挥，行文确保语句通顺，无单词语法错误。 3．生活在现代化社会的我们感受到了科技发展日新月异，假如你校正在举办以“the rapid development of technology”为主题的英语演讲比赛，你们班同学推荐你参加此次演讲比赛。请你根据以下要点提示和写作要求，用英语写一篇演讲稿。(挑战 challenge；电子的 electronic) 要点包括： 1. 科技是如何改变我们的学习和生活的 (如 robots, doubao, DeepSeek等)； 2. 为应对挑战，我们应培养哪些能力并简要阐述 (如培养创新思维、团队合作意识等)；为应对挑战，我们应如何合理使用电子产品 (至少列举两个措施)；(第二要点二选一) 3. 谈谈你对未来科技发展的信心和期待。 注意： 1. 词数100左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 2. 内容涵盖所有要点，可适当发挥，照抄本卷语篇不得分。 3. 文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。 The Rapid Development of Technology Hello everyone! Today I’m honored to be here and talk about the rapid development of technology. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 The Rapid Development of Technology​ Hello everyone! Today I’m honored to be here and talk about the rapid development of technology.​ Technology has greatly changed our study and life. Robots can help us clean houses and do dangerous jobs, saving us time and energy. Tools like Doubao and DeepSeek are amazing. We can ask them questions about study, and they offer clear answers at once. Also, online classes make learning more convenient as we can study anywhere through the Internet.​ However, rapid technology development brings challenges. To deal with them, we should develop creative thinking. This helps us solve problems in new ways. Teamwork is also important because we can share ideas and learn from each other. Besides, we should use electronic products wisely. For example, set time limits for using them to avoid addiction. Also, choose useful learning apps instead of spending too much time on games or social media.​ I believe future technology will be even more amazing. It may make our life easier and help us explore the unknown world. Let’s get ready to embrace the wonderful future of technology!​ Thank you for listening! 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇演讲稿； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作开头以及要点已给出，考生注意不用遗漏写作要点中的信息，并适当添加内容，使文章语句通顺。 [写作步骤] 第一步，具体介绍科技是如何改变我们的学习和生活的； 第二步，说明为应对挑战，我们应培养哪些能力或如何合理使用电子产品； 第三步，书写结尾，谈谈自己对未来科技发展的信心和期待。 [亮点词汇] ①at once立刻 ②deal with解决 ③each other互相 ④instead of反而 [高分句型] ①Also, online classes make learning more convenient as we can study anywhere through the Internet.（as引导的原因状语从句） ②I believe future technology will be even more amazing.（宾语从句） 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第10讲 语法（后缀-ty，-ity和定语从句（that、which引导）及单元写作 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 构词法：掌握后缀 -ty/-ity 形容词变名词的规则，能熟练完成词性转换、解题与写作升级。 2. 定语从句：掌握 that/which 引导的限定性定语从句，能识别先行词、正确选用关系词、规范造句。 3. 写作运用：围绕科技改善生活主题，能用定语从句与高级名词升级句式，写出结构完整、语法准确的中考作文。 学习重点 1. -ty/-ity 高频变形、拼写规则与名词用法。 2. that/which 指代事物的用法、从句基本结构与语序。 3. 科技话题写作三段式结构、素材运用与语法融合输出。 学习难点 1. 区分 -ty 与 -ity 适用场景，攻克特殊拼写变形。 2. that/which 辨析、从句主谓一致、避免语序错误。 3. 在写作中自然嵌入定语从句与高级名词，提升文章层次感，避免生硬堆砌。 1、 后缀-ty，-ity 一、考点总述（中考必考） -ty / -ity 是中考词性转换高频名词后缀，核心功能：形容词 → 抽象名词，表示“性质、状态、程度、特征”。 两大后缀为仁爱版九年级核心构词考点，常考题型：用所给词适当形式填空、短文填空、写作名词升级，与此前学的-able形容词后缀形成完整词性转换体系。 核心区分： ✅ -ty：多附在单音节/短形容词后，拼写简单、变形规则固定； ✅ -ity：多附在多音节形容词后，属于高阶名词后缀，中考提分重点。 二、后缀 -ty 精讲（基础必考） 1. 构词公式 形容词 + ty → 抽象名词（……的性质/状态） true 真实的 → truth 真实、真相 safe 安全的 → safety 安全 wide 宽广的 → width 宽度 long 长的 → length 长度 high 高的 → height 高度 strong 强壮的 → strength 力量、优势 2.核心易错点 （1）部分单词拼写变形特殊，不可直接照搬形容词拼写：high→height、long→length； （2）-ty结尾名词均为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数； （3）固定搭配：in safety（安全地）、tell the truth（说实话）。 三、后缀 -ity 精讲（进阶高分） 1. 中考高频变形（教材+真题核心） active 积极的 → activity 活动、积极性 possible 可能的 → possibility 可能性 real 真实的 → reality 现实 able 有能力的 → ability 能力 responsible 有责任的 → responsibility 责任 flexible 灵活的 → flexibility 灵活性 2.变形规则（必考） （1）形容词以le结尾：去e + ity（possible→possibility、able→ability）； （2）多音节形容词优先用-ity后缀，是写作高级名词替换核心； （3）词义统一抽象，无具体实物，只表状态、特质、能力。 四、-able / -ty / -ity 词性转换联动（衔接Unit4语法） 例： achieve（v.实现）→ achievable（adj.可实现的）→ achievement（n.成就） rely（v.依靠）→ reliable（adj.可靠的）→ reliability（n.可靠性） accept（v.接受）→ acceptable（adj.可接受的）→ acceptability（n.可接受性） 五、中考解题万能技巧 1. 判空格词性：冠词(a/an/the)、形容词、物主代词后、介词后，必填名词，优先考虑-ty/ity后缀； 2. 判后缀选择：短形容词选-ty，长的多音节形容词选-ity； 3. 避坑要点：后缀名词表抽象状态，一律不可数，无复数（activity表具体活动时可复数）。 六、写作高分句型（直接套用） 1. Practice improves our ability to learn foreign languages well. 练习能提升我们学好外语的能力。 2. There is a strong possibility that we will make progress in English. 我们很有可能在英语学习上取得进步。 3. Safety and truth are important in our study and life. 安全与真诚是我们学习和生活中的重要准则。 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1. We should always tell the ________ (true) in our daily life. 2. Modern technology improves our living ________ (safe) greatly. 3. Everyone has the ________ (able) to make progress through hard work. 4. There is no ________ (possible) that technology will stop developing. 5. We are surprised at the ________ (high) of the modern building. 6. Regular exercise can improve our physical ________ (strong). 7. We should face the ________ (real) of technological development bravely. 8. The ________ (long) of the new high-speed railway is over 500 kilometers. 9. A good student should have a sense of ________ (responsible). 10. The ________ (wide) of the road makes our traffic much smoother. 11. Technology gives us the ________ (flexible) to study in different ways. 12. We value the ________ (pure) of scientific research. 13. The ________ (stable) of modern technology ensures our convenient life. 14. The ________ (safe) of online payment is improving these years. 2、 定语从句（that、which引导） 定语从句：在复合句中，修饰限定某一名词(或代词)的句子，叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句在复合句中相当于形容词，在句中作定语。 位置：定语从句常置于被修饰词之后；as引导的非限制性定语从句可置于主句前、句中，也可置于主句之后。 类别：定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两类。 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 that和which的用法辨析 一、只用that不用which引导定语从句的情况 ①先行词为不定代词anything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little, few, the one等时。 例1. I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else's fault. 我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 例2. I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 你给我的所有书我都已经读过了。 ②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 例1. This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。 例1. The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 ③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no, some, all等修饰时。 例1. The only thing that matters is to find our way home. 唯一要紧的事情是找到我们回家的路。 例1. The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert. 这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。 ④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。 例.They will never forget the things and persons that they've seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 二、只用which不用that引导定语从句的情况 典型场合 典型示例 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句或主句一部分，标志为逗号。 Our football team won the final, which made us excited. 我们的足球队赢得了决赛，这使我们非常兴奋。 用于“介词+关系代词”结构，如in which, both of which等，标志为介词。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 过去我居住的房子已变成了一家鞋店。 【名师提醒】 当先行词是way(意为“方式、方法”，且关系词在定语从句中作状语)时，引导定语从句的关系词可以是that, in which或省略。 例. I don't like the way (that/in which) he looks at me. 一、单词拼写 1．The shelter ________ (that/which) we ________ (stay) in yesterday is very safe. 2．This is the earthquake ________ (shake) our town last month. 3．This is a reading note ________ ________ (write) by my deskmate during reading. 4．This is a novel that ________ (be) full of interesting stories for teenagers. 5．This is the cave ________ (that) we explored last summer. 二、单项选择 6．I enjoy listening to music ________ can touch my heart deeply. A．who B．whose C．that D．what 7．The notebook is the first gift ________ I received from my father. It means a lot to me. A．that B．who C．which D．what 8．Take anything ________ you like. Don’t tell anyone ________ you don’t know. A．who; that B．that; whom C．who; who D．which; that 9．The correct sentence is: “I like music ________ makes me feel happy.” A．who B．whose C．where D．that 10．Which word can be used for both people and things in a relative clause? A．who B．that C．which D．whose 11．The book ________ I borrowed from the library is about AI and robots. A．who B．whose C．whom D．which 12．The book ________ I borrowed from the library last week is really interesting. A．who B．whose C．which D．what 13．The museum ________ we visited last week has a wonderful collection. A．who B．whom C．which D．what 14．The book ________ you lent me is very interesting. A．who B．which C．whom D．what 15．The tree ________ grows there is over 500 years old. A．who B．what C．whom D．which 三、完成句子 16．她有一把控制车轮的轮椅。 She has a wheelchair ________ ________ the wheels. 17．我喜欢能跟着唱的音乐。 I prefer music ________ I can ________ ________ to. 18．我喜欢有强烈节奏的歌曲。 I like songs ________ have a strong ________. 19．那款允许用户免费下载电子书的应用在学生中非常受欢迎。 The app ________ allows users ________ ________ e-books for free is very popular among students. 20．这就是我昨天在博物馆看到的那个古老的记忆工具。 This is the old memory tool ________ I ________ in the museum yesterday. 四、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Inspiring people are ordinary people who make extraordinary achievements. They always stick to their dreams and never give up. Tu Youyou is one of the most famous 21 in China. She is a great scientist 22 discovered artemisinin (青蒿素) to cure sick people. Tu Youyou was born in 1930. She was interested in medicine 23 she was a little girl. In the 1960s, many people suffered from serious diseases. She decided 24 traditional Chinese medicine to help patients. She faced lots of difficulties, 25 she never stopped her research. She and her team did thousands of experiments. They worked day and night 26 the right medicine. Finally, they succeeded 27 developing artemisinin. It has saved millions of lives all over the world. In 2015, Tu Youyou 28 the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She is the first Chinese woman 29 got this great honor. Her spirit encourages 30 to keep working hard and never fear difficulties. 21．A．hero B．heroes C．heroess D．heros 22．A．who B．which C．what D．where 23．A．if B．when C．until D．because 24．A．study B．studying C．to study D．studied 25．A．but B．so C．and D．or 26．A．find B．to find C．finding D．found 27．A．in B．on C．at D．for 28．A．win B．won C．has won D．will win 29．A．which B．that C．what D．who 30．A．our B．ours C．us D．ourselves 五、选词填空 阅读下面短文, 从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空。 which   where   what   why   that Last summer, I went to a small village with my family. I still remember 31 we did there. We woke up early to climb the mountain, which was covered with green trees. On the way, I asked my dad 32 the river at the bottom of the mountain came from. He smiled and said he didn’t know, but we could find out 33 it was so clear. At noon, we had lunch in a little restaurant. The food was simple but delicious. I noticed 34 many old people were sitting under a big tree, talking happily. I wondered 35 story they were sharing—the one about their childhood or the one about the village’s history. That trip taught me to ask questions and enjoy simple things. I hope to go there again one day! 六、短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词提示，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 What does it mean to be a hero? For many people, heroes are 36 (they) favorite athletes, singers, or movie characters. But in reality, heroes are often ordinary people 37 do extraordinary things in their daily lives. Take Mr. Chen, for example, a 65-year-old retired teacher 38 a small village in Yunnan Province. Every morning, he wakes up at 5 a.m. and walks three kilometers to the nearest bus stop, where he waits to 39 (help) children cross the busy road to school. He has been doing this for over fifteen years, rain or shine. “I know the children by name,” Mr. Chen says with a smile. “I want to make sure they get to school 40 (safe).” Mr. Chen is not alone. Around the world, countless individuals offer their time and energy 41 (make) the world a better place. Some volunteer in hospitals, others teach children in poor areas, and many simply lend a 42 (listen) ear to those in need. They may not have superpowers, but they have something even 43 (valuable)—compassion and a willingness to act. Interestingly, 44 (study) have shown that helping others not only benefits the receiver but also improves the helper’s own happiness and health. In other words, kindness is a two-way street. So the next time you see an opportunity to lend a hand, remember: you don’t need to wear a cape (披风) to be a hero. Sometimes, all it takes is a 45 (kind) heart. 3、 单元写作 一、单元写作总览（贴合新教材） 本单元主题为 A Path Toward a Better World（通往美好世界的道路），聚焦科技进步、创新发展、美好生活，单元写作核心话题为 How science and technology improve our life（科技如何改善我们的生活），是中考高频热点书面表达话题。 写作核心要求：结合日常实例，介绍科技在交通、通讯、学习、生活、医疗等方面的积极作用，可简单提及理性看待科技，语言流畅、结构清晰，熟练运用单元核心词汇与句型，词数80–120。 二、学习目标、重点、难点（简明课堂版） 学习目标 （1）掌握本单元科技类核心词汇与句型，能熟练运用于写作表达； （2）掌握科技话题三段式写作结构，条理清晰介绍科技对生活的改变； （3）能正确使用一般现在时、现在完成时，提升作文高级句式与逻辑质感。 三、单元核心写作素材（教材同步+中考必背） （一）重点核心词汇 technology n. 科技 scientific adj. 科学的 improve v. 改善；提升 invent v. 发明 invention n. 发明物 develop v. 发展；研发 development n. 发展 convenient adj. 方便的 efficient adj. 高效的 communication n. 交流 online adj. 在线的 modern adj. 现代的 （二）高频万能短语 1. with the development of science and technology 随着科技的发展 2. improve people’s life 改善人们的生活 3. bring great convenience to life 给生活带来极大便利 4. online learning 线上学习 5. fast transportation 快捷的交通 6. communicate with others 与人交流 7. save time and energy 节省时间和精力 8. make our life easier and better 让我们的生活更轻松美好 （三）高分句型（开篇+主体+结尾 全套套用） 【开篇点题】 1. With the rapid development of science and technology, our life has become much better than before. 随着科技的飞速发展，我们的生活变得越来越好。 2. Science and technology plays an important role in our daily life. 科技在我们的日常生活中扮演着重要角色。 【主体举例·核心得分句】 1. Modern technology makes it easy for us to study and work anytime. 现代科技让我们随时学习、工作变得更加便捷。 2. New transportation like high-speed trains shortens our travel time greatly. 高铁等新型交通方式大大缩短了我们的出行时间。 3. We can communicate with people far away through smartphones and the Internet. 我们可以通过手机和互联网与远方的人沟通。 4. Medical technology improves our health and helps us live longer. 医疗科技改善健康，让我们更加长寿。 【结尾升华】 1. Technology brings us a better world, and we should make good use of it. 科技为我们带来美好世界，我们应好好利用它。 2. I believe science and technology will keep improving our life in the future. 我相信未来科技会持续改善我们的生活。 四、标准三段式写作框架（直接套用） Paragraph 1 开篇（2句）：总起，点明科技飞速发展，极大改善了人们的生活。 Paragraph 2 主体（4–6句）：分点举例，从交通、通讯、学习、生活任意2–3个角度具体阐述，贴合生活实例。 Paragraph 3 结尾（2句）：总结好处，表达合理利用科技、期待未来发展的观点。 五、满分范文精讲（教材适配+中考标准） 写作题目 请以 How science and technology improve our life 为题写一篇短文，介绍科技如何改善我们的生活，可结合学习、出行、交流等方面，词数80–120。 满分范文 How science and technology improve our life With the development of science and technology, our daily life has changed a lot. It brings us great convenience and makes our world much better. Technology improves our life in many ways. Firstly, it changes our way of communication. We can talk with our friends and relatives far away easily through smartphones and the Internet. Secondly, fast transportation such as high-speed trains saves lots of time, making our travel easier. Thirdly, online learning provides us with more useful resources and helps us study better anytime. In short, science and technology is a powerful helper in our life. We should make good use of it to create a brighter future. 范文亮点解析 1. 贴合教材：完全紧扣Unit5科技改变世界主题，词汇、句式均来自单元核心知识点； 2. 结构满分：经典三段式，总—分—总逻辑清晰，层次分明，符合中考评分标准； 3. 句式高级：运用with伴随结构、such as举例、非谓语动词，句式丰富不单一； 4. 内容真实：通讯、交通、学习三大生活化角度，贴合学生认知，不空洞。 六、高频易错扣分点 1. 主谓一致错误：technology 为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数（plays/improves）； 2. 时态混用：介绍现状多用一般现在时、现在完成时，不随意乱用过去时； 3. 固定搭配错误：improve our life（正确），不可说 change our life better； 4. 中式英语：避免 “technology is very good” 等简单口语化表达，替换为高级句型。 1．现在，我们都知道“科学技术是第一生产力”。身处飞速发展的时代，我们的生活无时无刻不在受着科技的影响。那么，在日常生活中，你认为哪项科技发明或产物对我们的生活影响最大？请以“________ Has/Have Influenced Our Life”为题，根据下面的要点和要求，用英语写一篇文章。 写作要点：1. 是什么影响了我们的生活？ 2. 它（们）是如何影响我们的生活的？ 3. 你对这种影响有何感悟？ 写作要求：1. 首先写出完善的文章题目； 2. 文章要语句通顺，表达清楚，语法正确，上下文意连贯； 3. 短文写100词左右； 4. 文中不得出现自己学校真实名称和学生的真实姓名。 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．本届冬奥会是科技的盛会，各种高科技频繁亮相，无论是智慧餐厅还是“猎豹”摄像机，让外国媒体大呼惊艳。不仅如此，科技给我们的生活也带来了巨变。假如你是九年级一班学生王华，学校正在举办科技节，你应邀参加以“科技改变生活”为主题的演讲比赛。请你根据以下思维导图的提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍身边的科技及其优点。 要求：1. 要点齐全，适当发挥； 2. 句子及篇章准确、连贯，书写规范； 3. 词数：80~100词左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 4. 文中不得出现考生的真实姓名、学校及其它任何个人相关信息。 Hello, everyone! I am Wang Hua in Class One, Grade 9. It’s a great honor for me to speak here. The rapid development of science and technology has brought great changes to our life. Smart phones, robots, high-speed trains and electric cars are four great inventions. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ China is taking the lead in some ways. I’m really proud of my country. That’s all for my speech. Thank you! 3．生活在现代化社会的我们感受到了科技发展日新月异，假如你校正在举办以“the rapid development of technology”为主题的英语演讲比赛，你们班同学推荐你参加此次演讲比赛。请你根据以下要点提示和写作要求，用英语写一篇演讲稿。(挑战 challenge；电子的 electronic) 要点包括： 1. 科技是如何改变我们的学习和生活的 (如 robots, doubao, DeepSeek等)； 2. 为应对挑战，我们应培养哪些能力并简要阐述 (如培养创新思维、团队合作意识等)；为应对挑战，我们应如何合理使用电子产品 (至少列举两个措施)；(第二要点二选一) 3. 谈谈你对未来科技发展的信心和期待。 注意： 1. 词数100左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 2. 内容涵盖所有要点，可适当发挥，照抄本卷语篇不得分。 3. 文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息，如校名、人名等。 The Rapid Development of Technology Hello everyone! Today I’m honored to be here and talk about the rapid development of technology. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $