Unit 1 Happy Holiday(知识清单)英语新教材人教版八年级上册

2026-07-23
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语人教版八年级上册
年级 八年级
章节 Unit 1 Happy Holiday
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 846 KB
发布时间 2026-07-23
更新时间 2026-07-23
作者 Love英语
品牌系列 上好课·上好课
审核时间 2026-07-23
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/58927538.html
价格 3.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该初中英语单元知识清单围绕“Happy Holiday”主题,涵盖旅行场景分类词汇、实用短语、交际句型、核心语法及写作指导,搭建了从“场景词汇积累”到“语法规则运用”再到“语篇写作输出”的递进式学习支架。 清单通过场景分类、语法分层、知识关联构建完整体系,如将“spend/cost/take/pay辨析”设为重点并配对比表格,用“in大on天at点”口诀攻克时间介词难点,培养语言能力与思维品质。提供写作模板、范文及易错训练,助力学生自主学习,教师可据此精准教学,提升课堂实效。

内容正文:

Unit 1 Happy Holiday (样张内容仅供参考,请勿直接使用) 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、旅行地点与风景场景 1. ______________ (乡村) ______________________________________(我喜欢乡村宁静的生活。) 2. ______________ (镇;商业区) ______________________________________(我们在这个小镇买了一些礼物。) 3. ______________(王宫;宫殿) ______________________________________(这座古老的宫殿看起来十分宏伟。) 4. ______________ (塔;塔楼) ______________________________________(我们昨天参观了一座古老的石塔。) 5. ______________ (广场;正方形) ______________________________________(每天晚上很多人在大广场上跳舞。) 6. ______________ (风景;景色) ______________________________________(秋日的山野风景美不胜收。) 7. ______________ (风景;景色) ______________________________________(这里的自然风光十分优美。) 8. ______________ (天空) ______________________________________(蔚蓝的天空让人身心放松。) 9. ______________ (远方的;遥远的) ______________________________________(我们年少时向往远方。) 二、旅行食宿与出行场景 1. ______________(营地;露营) ______________________________________(我们计划这周末在湖边露营。) 2. ______________ (假期;度假) ______________________________________(我要和家人去度假。) 3. ______________(旅馆;旅社) ______________________________________(旅行期间我们住在一家干净的旅馆。) 4.______________ (舒适的) ______________________________________(这间酒店房间温暖又舒适。) 5.______________ (预算;精打细算) ______________________________________(我们需要为旅行仔细做好预算。) 6. ______________(护照) ______________________________________(出国时你必须携带护照。) 7. ______________ (车站) ______________________________________(我会在火车站和你碰面。) 8. ______________ (汽锅鸡) ______________________________________(我们在云南吃到了美味的汽锅鸡。) 三、人文历史与艺术场景 1.______________ (古代的;古老的) ______________________________________(我们在博物馆看到了许多古物。) 2.______________(丝绸;蚕丝) ______________________________________(中国丝绸闻名世界。) 3. ______________ (围巾;披巾) ______________________________________(她买了一条丝巾当作旅行礼物。) 4. ______________ (艺术作品;插图) ______________________________________(这些艺术作品展现了当地的传统文化。) 5. ______________ (手风琴) ___________________________________(他手风琴弹得很好。) 6. ______________ (数以千计的) ______________________________________(每年有成千上万的游客参观这座宫殿。) 四、人物情绪与感官体验场景 1. ______________ (极好的;了不起的) ______________________________________(我们的旅行体验超级棒。) 2. ______________ (奇怪的;陌生的) ______________________________________(我在山里看到了一只奇怪的鸟。) 3. ______________ (厌倦的;烦闷的) ______________________________________(旅行时我从不感到无聊。) 4. ______________ (惊奇的;惊讶的) ______________________________________(我们被这美景惊艳到了。) 5. ______________ (呼吸的空气;一口气) ______________________________________(乡村的清新空气十分宜人。) 6. ______________ (令人惊叹) ______________________________________(这落日美景令人叹为观止。) 7. ______________(尤其;特别) ______________________________________(我喜欢自然风光,尤其是山川景色。) 8. ______________ (生病的;恶心的) ______________________________________(长途旅行中没有人感到不适。) 五、地点代词与状态词汇 1. ______________ (任何地方) ______________________________________(在公园里你可以去任何想去的地方。) 2.______________ (某处) ______________________________________.(我们要去温暖的地方度假。) 3. ______________ (没有任何东西) ______________________________________(这家小店里没什么特别的东西。) 4.______________(只有;只是) ______________________________________(我眼中只有绿树和蓝天。) 5.______________(准备好的) ______________________________________(我们已经为即将到来的旅行做好准备。) 6.______________ (愿意/准备做某事) ______________________________________(她准备好开启旅行之旅了。) 7.______________ (平常的;有规律的) ______________________________________(这是我常规的旅行计划。) 六、动作、行为与情态短语 1. ______________(站起;起立) ______________________________________(导游过来时请起立。) 2.______________ (转身;翻转) ______________________________________(他一转身就看到了彩虹。) 3. ______________ (向;朝) _________________________________(我们朝着塔顶走去。) 4. ______________(寻找) ______________________________________(我们正在找一家安静的旅馆。) 5. ______________ (提醒;使想起) ______________________________________(这座古塔让我想起古老的故事。) 6.______________ (忘记;遗忘) ______________________________________(别忘了带上你的护照。) 7.______________(健忘的) ______________________________________(奶奶现在有点健忘。) 8. ______________ (导游;指导) ______________________________________(我们的导游给我们讲了很多有趣的故事。) 9.______________ (聚会;相聚) ______________________________________(我们每年夏天相聚出游。) 10.______________ (在阳光下) ______________________________________(我们在阳光下欣赏美景。) 七、自然、情感与拓展词汇 1. ______________ (彩虹) ______________________________________(雨后出现了一道美丽的彩虹。) 2.______________ (正午;中午) ______________________________________(中午我们在广场吃了午饭。) 3. ______________ (鹿) ______________________________________(我们在森林里看到了几只可爱的小鹿。) 4.______________ (容易地;轻易地) ______________________________________(我们可以轻易找到这个景点。) 5.______________ (很可能;大概) ______________________________________(我们明天大概率会参观这座宫殿。) 6.______________ (可能;可以) ______________________________________(旅行途中下午可能会下雨。) 7.______________ (眼泪;泪水) ______________________________________(这个动人的故事让人落泪。) 8.______________(和平;太平) ______________________________________(这座古镇满是祥和与美好。) 9.______________(胜利;成功) ______________________________________(我们为最终的胜利欢呼。) 10. ______________ (俄罗斯的;俄罗斯人/俄语) ______________________________________(他是来我市游玩的俄罗斯游客。) 11.______________ (战斗;斗争) ______________________________________(人们一直为和平而奋斗。) 12.______________ (反对;紧靠) ______________________________________(我们要抵制不良行为。) 13. ______________ (与……作斗争) ______________________________________(他们对抗污染,守护地球。) 短 语 1.______________(令人惊叹;让人叹绝) ______________________________________(绝美的山间景色让我惊叹不已。) 2.______________(上课) _____________________________________(我上艺术课,学习更多艺术作品相关知识。) 3.______________(度假) ______________________________________(今年夏天我们一家要去古镇度假。) 4. ______________(一些有趣的东西) _______________________________(我们在当地的故宫博物馆发现了一些有趣的东西。) 5. ______________(看日出) ______________________________________(我们早起上山看日出。) 6.______________(到达镇上) ______________________________________(我们在中午之前抵达了这座小镇。) 7.______________(只有;只是) _____________________________________(在乡村,我满眼只有青青田野和清新空气。) 8.______________(马上要/愿意做某事) ______________________________________(我们准备好去探访远方的乡村。) 9. ______________(如此……以至于……) _____________________________(这里的风景太美了,以至于每年都有很多游客前来。) 10. ______________(决定做某事) ______________________________________(我们决定假期在湖边露营。) 11.______________(靠近) ______________________________________(这家旅馆靠近小镇的中心广场。) 12.______________(从……学习) ______________________________________(我们可以在旅行中学习古老的文化。) 13.______________(与……作战;与……作斗争) ______________________________________(我们应该对抗污染,守护美丽家园。) 14.______________(数以千计的;成千上万的) ______________________________________(每年有成千上万的游客来参观这座古塔。) 15.______________(落下;摔倒) ______________________________________(秋风中,几片红叶从树上飘落下来。) 16.______________(想要做某事) ______________________________________(雨后我想拍下彩虹的照片。) 17.______________(拿出) ______________________________________(进入景区前我拿出了我的护照。) 18.______________(在……花费……) ______________________________________(我们在旅行上花费很少,保持预算可控。) 19. ______________(超预算) ______________________________________(不要买太多礼物,否则你会超预算。) 20.______________(提醒某人做某事) ______________________________________(朋友提醒我登山旅行要带上围巾。) 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、询问假期经历(高频问答句型) 1. ______________________________________(你假期去哪里了?) 2. ______________________________________(你的寒暑假过得怎么样?) 3. ______________________________________(你和谁一起去的?) 4. ______________________________________(你去了什么有趣的地方吗?) 5. ______________________________________(你假期做了什么特别的事吗?) 6. ______________________________________(你在那里做了些什么?) 7. ______________________________________(你怎么去的那里?) 8. ______________________________________(你在那里待了多久?) 9. ______________________________________(那里人多吗?) 10. ______________________________________(你拍照了吗?) 二、描述假期经历(叙事基础句型) 1. ______________________________________(我假期去了乡村/一座小镇。) 2. ______________________________________(我和父母/朋友一起去的。) 3. ______________________________________(我们参观了古建筑和美景。) 4. ______________________________________(我们看到了美丽的日出和彩虹。) 5. ______________________________________(我们品尝了一些美味的当地美食。) 6. ______________________________________(旅途中我拍了不少照片。) 7. ______________________________________(我们在湖边露营,玩得很开心。) 8. ______________________________________(我的假期没有发生什么特别的事。) 9. ______________________________________(我们下午到达了小镇。) 10. ______________________________________(我买了一些丝巾当作礼物。) 三、假期感受与评价(写作万能句型) 1. ______________________________________(这是一次美妙又难忘的旅行。) 2. ______________________________________(那里的景色令人叹为观止。) 3. ______________________________________(除了天气,一切都很棒。) 4. ______________________________________(假期里我感到轻松又愉快。) 5.______________________________________(这次旅行太棒了,我还想再去。) 6. ______________________________________(到处都是美景。) 7. ______________________________________(这是我人生中最美妙的旅行之一。) 8. ______________________________________(我从这次特别的经历中学到了很多。) 语法 1. 不定代词 2. 复习一般过去时 写作 假期经历与感受 一、知识点精讲 知识点1:How do people spend their holidays?人们如何度过他们的假期? ① spend:及物动词,此处含义为花费(时间),主语需为人。 变形:__________(三单),__________(过去式/过去分词),__________(现在分词) 【固定搭配】 1.______________________(在某物上花时间/钱)例:spend time on books 2. ______________________(花时间/钱做某事)例:spend time reading 【易混辨析】 spend / cost / take / pay spend sb.+spend+time/money+on sth. “某人花时间/金钱在某物上” He spends much of his pocket money on science books. 他把很多零花钱用在买科学书上。 sb.+spend+time/ money+(in) doing sth. “某人花时间/金钱做某事” She spent most of her life caring for others. 她花了大半辈子的时间照顾他人。 cost sth.+cost+sb.+money “某物花费某人多少钱” It cost me 60 dollars to go to New York by train. 我乘火车到纽约花了60美元。 take It+takes+sb.+time+to do sth. “做某事花费某人多长时间” It took me ten minutes to go to the post office. 到邮局花了我10分钟。 pay sb.+pay+money+for sth. “某人为某物付多少钱” He has paid the doctor 50 yuan for the medicine. 他买药付给医生50元。 sb.+pay for+sth. “某人为某物付款” Mr. Green needn’t pay for his son’s tuition fees this year. 今年格林先生不需要给他儿子付学费了。 pay off意为“成功;奏效;达到目的”,可用于表示辛苦的付出终有回报。 如:Our hard work paid off. 我们的努力得到了回报。 知识点2:The landscape there was amazing. amazing (adj.令人惊叹的)用法;形容事物非常棒或令人惊喜。 The sunset over the mountains was amazing. (山上的日落太美了!) 知识点3:Where did Emma go on vacation holiday? ______________________(去度假)用法:指离开家去旅行放松。 My family goes on vacation every summer. (我家每年夏天都去度假。) Where did you go on vacation last year? (你去年去哪里度假了?) Holiday“假期”(英式英语,=vacation 美式) 搭配:_________________(在度假),___________________(暑假) 例句:They are on holiday in Sanya.(他们在三亚度假。) 注意:复数 holidays 可表示“节曰”(如 public holidays) 知识点4:Here. I can show you some photos.  show的用法 词性 意义及用法 动词 意为“给……看;展示” show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 意为“给某人看(展示)某物” 意为“引,领,带”,______________________意为“带某人参观某地” 意为“表示,显露”,__________意为“出现,露面”,_______________意为“炫耀” 名词 意为“演出;节目;展览,展览会”, talk show意为“访谈节目”,on show意为“展览;陈列” 知识点5:How great it was! 这是一个感叹句(表达强烈情感的句子)结构:How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语! 感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情,通常用what或how引导。 1.what引导的感叹句(中心词为名词) ①What + a/an + adj.+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如: What a kind heart you have! 你的心肠真好! ②What + adj. +不可数名词/可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!如: What interesting stories he’s told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣! What great progress she has made! 她取得了多么大的进步啊! 2.how引导的感叹句(中心词为形容词或副词) ①How + adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)!如:How clever the boy is! 这男孩真聪明! ②How + adj. + a/an +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如: How clever a boy he is! 他真是个聪明的男孩! ③How+主语+谓语!如:How time flies! 时间过得真快呀! 【拓展】如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句: 1.凡是以a/an开头的,多用what; 2.凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用what;此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况,如:weather,news,advice,fun,information,work,traffic等; 3.其他一般用how。 口诀助记:感叹句要记牢,句子主谓先划掉,再来确定what/how;再在形容词后找,若有名词用what,没有名词用how。 知识点6:We stayed in the old town for a few days. for+一段时间:表示动作或状态持续的时间长度,常用于现在完成时、一般过去时等时态中。 I have lived in this city for ten years.(我在这个城市已经住了十年了。) 这里的“for ten years”说明了“住”这个动作持续的时间是十年。 在一般过去时中也可以使用, 如:He studied English for three years in high school. (他在高中时学了三年英语。) 注意事项:“for+ 一段时间”通常与延续性动词连用,不能与短暂性动词连用。比如“buy”是短暂性动词, 知识点7:I just took my breath away. take one's breath away这个短语的字面意思是“把呼吸带走”,实际含义是“使某人惊叹;使某人陶醉”,通常用于描述某物或某人非常美丽、令人震撼或令人惊讶,以至于让人短暂地停止呼吸,感到惊叹。 The view from the top of the mountain took my breath away. (山顶的景色让我惊叹不已。) 辨析:take,bring与carry take “带去,拿去”,指把某人或某物从说话人所在的地方带到别处,与bring意思相反。  Please take these books to the library for me. 请替我把这些书带到图书馆去。 bring “带来,拿来”,指把某人或某物带到说话人所在的地方。 Why don’t you bring your brother to the party? 你为什么不带你哥哥来参加宴会? carry “携带,提,扛,抬,运”等,具有负重的含义,但不强调方向。  They are carrying some paintings to the art gallery. 他们正在把一些画运到艺术馆。 知识点8:Everything tasted great, especially the steamed chicken soup. especially用法:“especially”是副词,意为“尤其;特别”,用来强调在众多事物中某一事物更为突出或特别 I like all kinds of fruits, especially apples. (我喜欢各种水果,尤其是苹果。)这里强调了在所有水果中,苹果是更为突出、更受喜欢的。 知识点9:I just stayed at home to read. play games and relax. relax 用法:“relax”是动词,意为“放松;休息;使放松”。 You should relax after a long day of work. (经过漫长的一天工作后,你应该放松一下。) 它既可以作不及物动词,如:I like to relax by listening to music.(我喜欢通过听音乐来放松。)也可以作及物动词,如:The massage relaxed my muscles. (按摩使我的肌肉放松了。) 派生词:“relaxing”是形容词,意为“令人放松的”, 常用来描述事物,如:This is a relaxing movie.(这是部令人放松的电影。) “relaxed”也是形容词,意为“放松的;自在的”,常用来描述人, 如:He looks relaxed.(他看起来很放松。) 知识点10:We had a wonderful experience. ①experience作名词:表示“经历;经验” 具体经历(可数):Ihave many interesting experiences in summer camp.(我在夏令营有许多有趣的经历。) 抽象经验(不可数):She has rich teaching experience.(她有丰富的教学经验。) ②作动词:表示“经历;体验” We experienced a heavy rain yesterday.(我们昨天经历了一场大雨。) 知识点11:1 got you something as a gift. as的用法 (1) 作介词,意为“作为,当作;像,如同”。 如:She works as a teacher. 她的职业是教师。 (2)作连词: ①“当……时;随着”。 如: She became happy as she talked about her friends. 她一谈到朋友们就高兴起来了。 ②“由于,因为”。 如:As you were out, I left a message. 因为你不在,所以我留了一张字条。 ③“正如;如同”。 如:As you know, Julia is leaving soon. 你是知道的,朱莉娅马上要离开了。 ④“照……方式”。 如:They did as I had asked. 他们是按照我的要求做的。 (3)作副词,意为“像……一样;如同”。 常见搭配:as...as...,意为“和……一样……”(常用于同级比较)。 如:You’re as tall as your father. 你和你父亲一样高。 as soon as意为“一……就……”, as long as意为“只要”, as usual意为“像往常一样”。 知识点12:It rained heavily when I arrived at the town.so I could do nothing but stay in the hotel. ① rain heavily 表示“下大雨”,副词 heavily 修饰动词 rain 同义表达:rain hard /a heavy rain(名词形式) It rained heavily last night, so the streets were flooded. (昨晚雨下得很大,街道都被淹没了。) ② arrive at / arrive in arrive at:后接小地点(如学校、车站)We arrived at the airport at 9 o'clock, (我们 9 点到达机场。) arrive in:后接大地点(如城市、国家)They arrived in Beijing yesterday.(他们昨天到达北京。) ③ nothing but 表示“只有:仅仅”,后接名词或动词原形 He had nothing but a piece of bread for breakfast.(他早餐只有一片面包。) nothing but+ 动词原形(表示“只能做...”) I did nothing but wait for the bus. (我只能等公交车。) They do nothing but relax, sleep or watch TV.(他们什么都没做,只是放松、睡觉或看电视。) 知识点13:Someone had left a book in my room, and that was exactly what I needed. leave的用法 (1)作动词,leave→left→left→leaving。意为“离开;把……留下”。其用法如下: 用法 例句 leave sp.(for)离开某地(去……) I leave home for work at 7 every morning. 我每天早上7点离开家去工作。 leave for sp.动身去某地 When do you leave for school? 你什么时候去上学? leave sb./sth. +adj./v.-ing/to do 让某人/某物处于某种状态 Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 别让她在外边雨里等着。 leave sb./sth. behind) 把某人/某物落下/留下 He wasn’t well, so we had to leave him behind. 他身体不适,因此我们只好把他留下。 leave sb. alone=leave sb. by oneself撇下某人;让某人独自待着 Why can’t you leave me alone? 你为什么不能别管我的事情? (2)作名词,意为“休假;假期”。ask for a month’s leave 意为“请一个月假”。 知识点14:The bed was comfortable. comfortable形容词,表示“舒适的” This chair is very comfortable to sit on.(这把椅子坐起来很舒服。) 反义词:uncomfortable(不舒适的) 派生词:comfort(名词,舒适):comfortably(副词,舒适地) 知识点15:I was so bored that I decided to find something to read. ① so...that...表示“如此.以至于…”,引导结果状语从句 结构:so+形容词/副词+that+从句 She was so tired that she fell asleep at once. (她太累了,以至于立刻睡着了。) 【妙辨异同】so…that…/so that/such…that… 辨析 意义及用法 so… that… 意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,so后面接形容词或副词。可与too… to…结构互换。 so that 意为“以便;为了”,引导目的状语从句。可与in order that互换。 such… that… 意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,such后接名词。 【注意】 such+a/an+adj. +可数名词单数(+that从句)= so+adj. +a/an+可数名词单数(+that从句) 当名词前有many, much, few或little等词修饰时,其前必须用so而不用such。 decide动词,表示“决定” 知识点16:I stood up and walked towards the window. towards介词,表示“朝;向”(强调方向) He walked towards the park.(他朝公园走去。) 注意:不能与 to 混淆,towards 侧重方向,to侧重目的地 知识点17:close ① 作动词:表示“关闭":Close the window, please. (请关窗。) ②作形容词:表示“近的;亲密的": My home is close to the school.(我家离学校很近。) She is my close friend. (她是我的密友。) 区别:closely(副词,紧密地) They are closely connected.(它们紧密相连。) 知识点18:We should not forget that.我们不应该忘记那件事。 forget的用法(2022.52涉及) forget(forgot;forgotten)为动词,意为“忘记;遗忘”。 如: ①People forget to say thank you sometimes. 人们有时会忘记说谢谢。 ②I’ll never forget hearing this piece of music for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。 有些动词与forget用法类似,后接动词不定式或动名词均可,但意思稍有差别。如: 知识点19: It reminds us that war is terrible and peace does not come easily.它提醒我们战争是可怕的,和平来之不易。 (1) remind v. 提醒;使想起 【句型】 ①remind sb. of sth. 使某人记起某事 I like these photos and they can remind me of the life living in the countryside. 我喜欢这些照片,它们能让我想起农村的生活。 ②remind sb.(not) to do sth. 提醒某人(不)去做某事。 Please remind me to turn off the light. 请提醒我关灯。 ③ remind sb. + that从句 It reminds us that war is terrible and peace does not come easily. 它提醒我们,战争是可怕的,和平来之不易 (2)peace作名词,意为“和平;太平”。其形容词形式为peaceful,意为“和平的;安静的”。 知识点20:Don't spend too much on holiday shopping, or you might easily go over budget.不要在假日购物上花太多钱,否则你很容易超出预算。 (1)spend作动词,意为“花(时间、钱等)”。常用结构:spend too much on sth 意为“在某事/物上花费太多”。 (2)辨析too much, much too与too many 词汇 意义及用法 例句 too much 意为“太多” ①修饰或代替不可数名词 ②修饰动词作状语 ①They watch too much TV. 他们看电视看得太多了。 ②She laughs too much. 她笑得太多了。 much too 意为“太……”,修饰形容词或副词 The clothes she wears are much too young for her. 她穿的衣服显得过于年轻了。 too many 意为“太多”,修饰或代替可数名词复数 You made too many mistakes. 你犯的错误太多了。 知识点21: I turned around and was surprised to see a noise. be surprised to do sth 惊讶地做某事 surprise的用法 surprise还可作动词,意为“(使)惊讶/吃惊”,其形容词为surprising和surprised。具体用法如下: ①surprising“令人惊讶的”,主语为物,如:His idea is surprising. 他的想法很让人惊讶。 ②surprised“感到意外的”,主语是人,常用结构:sb. be surprised to do sth. 某人对做某事感到意外;be surprised at/by sth./sb. 对某事/某人感到很意外。 如:I was surprised at how quickly she agreed. 我没想到她这么快就同意了。 She looked surprised when I told her. 我告诉她时她显得很惊讶。 二、核心语法精讲 不定代词 不定代词不明确指代某个(些)人、某个(些)事,可以代替名词或形容词,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 1、 普通不定代词 1. some和any 代词 相同点 不同点 例句 some 意为“一些”, 既可修饰/指代可数名词,又可修饰/指代不可数名词。 多用在肯定句中;用于疑问句时表示邀请、请求或者期待得到对方的肯定回答。 Some people are born lucky. 有些人天生运气就比较好。 Would you like some milk in your tea? 你的茶里要加些牛奶吗? any 多用在否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中;用在肯定句中表示“任何一个/任何一些”。 He didn’t buy any gifts. 他没有买任何礼物。 Are there any mistakes in your homework? 你的作业里有错误吗? You can choose any book on the desk. 你可以选择桌子上的任何一本书。 2. each和every 代词 each every 用法 用作形容词或代词,可单独使用 仅作定语,不可单独使用 强调个体 强调整体 指两者或者两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个” 指三者或者三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个” 后可加of短语 后不可加of短语 “each/every + 名词单数”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式 如:Each student has been given his or her own email address. 每个学生都得到一个自己的电子邮件地址。 We each have different needs and interests. 我们每个人都有不同的需求和兴趣。 Each of the houses was slightly different. 每座房子都稍有不同。 Every day seemed the same to him. 对他来说似乎天天都一样。 I bought a dozen eggs and every one of the eggs was bad. 我买了一打鸡蛋,个个都是坏的。 3. both和all 两者都代替或修饰复数名词。both指“两者……(都)”;all指三者或三者以上,“所有(的),全部”。如: I have two sisters. Both of them/They both live in London. 我有两个姐姐。她们俩都住在伦敦。 All of my classmates enjoyed the party. 我的所有同学都喜欢那次聚会。 4. either和neither 代词 意义及用法 常用短语 例句 either “(两者中)任何一个”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数 either… or… 或者……或者……;要么……要么…… You can keep one of the photos. Either of them is OK. 你可以保留一张照片。两张里任选一张都可以。 neither “(两者)都不”,作主语时,谓语动词常用单数 neither… nor…既 不……也不…… neither of…两者都不 Neither answer is right. 两个答案都不对。 Neither of them is playing the violin.  他们两个都没有在拉小提琴。 5. other,the other,others,the others和another 代词 意义 用法 other 另外的 可作定语,常与复数名词连用。 the other ①两者中的另一个②(指一组中)其余的 ①常用于“one… the other…”结构,意为“一个……另一个……”;②the other + 名词复数。 others ①另一些②别人 泛指别的人或物(但不是全部),相当于other + 名词复数;some… others…意为“一些……另一些……”。 the others 其余的人或物 特指其余所有的人或物,相当于“the other + 名词复数”。 another 另一个 指三者或者三者以上中的任何一个,another + 名词单数。 如:Are there any other questions?还有其他问题吗? He raised one hand and then the other. 他先举起一只手,然后举起另一只。 Some students like drawing but others don’t. 有些学生喜欢画画,但其他学生不喜欢。 I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳了,而其他人都去打网球了。 Could you show me another skirt? 你能再给我拿一条裙子看看吗? 6. (a) few和 (a) little,many和much 代词 意义及用法 例句 few 修饰或指代可数名词复数,表否定意义,意为“不多;很少” Very few of his books are worth reading. 他的书值得读的太少了。 a few 修饰或指代可数名词复数,表肯定意义,意为“几个;有些” I’ve seen most of his movies. Only a few are as good as his first one. 他的大部分电影我都看过。只有少数几部能与他的第一部相媲美。 little 修饰或指代不可数名词,表否定意义,意为“几乎没有” I understood little of what he said. 我几乎听不懂他所讲的。 a little 修饰或指代不可数名词,表肯定意义,意为“少量;一些” If you have any spare milk, could you give me a little?你要是有多余的牛奶,给我一些好吗? many 修饰或指代可数名词复数,表示“许多;大量” I can see many stars in the sky. 我能看到天空中有很多星星。 much 修饰或指代不可数名词,表示“许多;大量” We have much homework every day. 我们每天都有许多作业。 复合不定代词 初中阶段常见的复合不定代词有: somebody (某人) anybody(任何人) nobody(没有人) everybody(每人) someone (某人) anyone(任何人) no one(没有人) everyone (每人) something (某事) anything(任何事) nothing (没有东西) everything (每一件事) 其用法如下: 1. 复合不定代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语,不能作定语。在句子中作主语时谓语动词一般用单数。如: Something is wrong with my watch. I’ll have it repaired. 我的手表出毛病了,我要把它修一下。 Several people were passing but nobody offered to help. 有几个人擦肩而过,却没有人主动提供帮助。 2. 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时放不定代词后。如: Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper?今天的报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗? Why didn’t you come? Everybody else was there. 你为什么没来呢?其他所有的人都来了。 一般过去时 1. 一般过去时的定义 ①一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,in 2015,three days ago,the other day,just now,at the moment,this morning,once upon a time,long long ago。 —What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么? —I went swimming. 我去游泳了。 ②表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。 When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。 2. 一般过去时的基本结构 ①实义动词 肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。 否定句:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。 I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。 一般疑问句及其回答:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答:No, 主语 + didn’t / did not. —Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗? —Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的,我去了。/ 不,我没去。 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他? —Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了? —I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。 ② be 动词 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 其他. I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 否定句:主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他. I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。 一般疑问句及其回答:Were/Was + 主语 + 其他? —Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗? —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 是的,我在家。/ 不,我不在家。 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他? —Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪? —I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 3. 动词过去式的变化规则 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ed wash→washed help→helped 以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d hope→hoped like→liked 以辅音字母 + y结尾 变y为i,再加-ed carry→carried study→studied 结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned 4. 一般过去时的用法 (1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。 He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。 What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事? (2)在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。 We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 注意:表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to和would。 He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。 Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难,他都会帮助我们。 (3)表示主语过去的特征或性格。 At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。 (4)用在状语从句中表示过去将来。 He said he would wait until they came back. (5)一般过去时有时可以表示现在,多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用,使语气更委婉。 I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。 有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。 I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这里。 注意: (1)表示一系列的动作,尽管有先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用and连结。 He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门,冲了出去,然后就消失了。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 写作话题:一次假期旅行(游记) 核心时态:一般过去时(重点!全文描述过去假期经历) 考查题型:书信、短文记叙、英语征文《My Happy Holiday / A Wonderful Trip》 写作要求:包含旅行地点、同行人员、活动经历、所见事物、内心感受评价。 核心素养:能有条理叙述过往经历,正确使用一般过去时,运用旅行主题词汇与句型。 2. 写作框架(四段式万能模板) 开头(引入,点明基本信息) 交代假期去向、同行人、出行时间 句型参考:I went to … with … last vacation. It was a great trip. 中间第一段(描述行程活动) 写路上、白天做的事:参观景点、欣赏风景、品尝美食、拍照等 中间第二段(难忘细节) 描写印象最深的画面、发生的趣事、特别的见闻 结尾(感受 + 总结评价) 表达心情,评价本次旅行,写下收获或者愿望(想再次前往) 简易结构口诀:去哪里→做什么→难忘瞬间→感想评价 3. 写作素材 (1)核心词汇 vacation, countryside, town, scenery, tower, palace, sunrise, rainbow camp, travel, visit, arrive, taste, take photos fantastic, amazing, comfortable, unforgettable, relaxed (2)重点短语 go on vacation 度假 go with my parents 和父母同行 visit places of interest 参观名胜 see the sunrise 看日出 take quite a few photos 拍很多照片 try local food 品尝当地美食 take one’s breath away 令人惊叹 have a great time 玩得开心 so…that… 如此…… 以至于…… nothing but 只有;仅仅 (3)万能句型 开篇句 ① Last summer vacation, I went to a beautiful ancient town with my family. 去年暑假,我和家人去了一座美丽的古镇。 叙事句 ② In the morning, we walked around and enjoyed wonderful landscape. 早上我们四处漫步,欣赏绝美的风景。 ③ We tried delicious local food and took lots of photos. 我们品尝美味的当地美食,拍了许多照片。 感受评价句 ④ The beautiful scenery took my breath away. 美景令人叹为观止。 ⑤ It was so wonderful that I will never forget this trip. 这次旅行太棒了,我永远不会忘记。 4. 范文背诵(两篇,一简一优,适配考试) 范文 1(标准版,适合基础背诵) My Happy Holiday Last summer vacation, I went to the countryside with my parents. We stayed there for three days. In the daytime, we walked along the roads and enjoyed nice scenery. We saw clear blue sky and lovely deer. Sometimes we sat in the sun and talked happily. We also tried some special local food. Everything looked great. The best part was watching the sunrise early in the morning. It was amazing. There was nothing but green hills in front of us. This trip took my breath away. I felt very relaxed. It was an unforgettable holiday. I hope I can go there again someday. 范文 2(提升版,适合作文冲高分) A Wonderful Trip I went on a vacation to an ancient town with my best friend last holiday. We arrived at the town before noon. The town was quiet and beautiful. We visited an old tower and enjoyed the fantastic landscape. We took many photos and tasted tasty steamed chicken soup. We met friendly visitors and learned a lot about local culture. What impressed me most was the rainbow after the rain. It was so beautiful that we couldn’t believe our eyes. This was a fantastic trip. It taught me to enjoy small beautiful things around us. I will keep this wonderful memory forever. 易错点01 时间介词易混 in/on/at 【助记口诀】in大on天at点 【错因辨析】 1. 核心区别在于时间范围的大小‌:‌in用于较长时段‌,‌on用于具体某一天‌,‌at用于精确时间点‌。‌‌ 2. in用于时间范围大(一天以上)或泛指上午、下午、晚上。如:in January, in the morning 3. on用于某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上。如:on Monday, on Sunday afternoon, on July 1, 1999 4. at时间最短,一般表示点时间,如at six o’clock, at three thirty.习惯用法:at night, at noon,at this time of year. 【对点训练】 1. The firework show along the river will start ______ 8:00 p.m. on the Mid-Autumn Festival. A. in B. on C. at 2. We went camping and put up our tent ______ a warm afternoon last month. A. in B. on C. at 3. My family plans to travel to Yunnan to see the old towns ______ the coming winter holiday. A. in B. on C. at 易错点02 相似动词辨析 take,bring与carry 【助记口诀】bring 拿来(朝说话人),take 拿走(离说话人),carry 搬运无方向。 精简版口诀:Bring 来,Take 去,Carry 负重随意移。 【错因辨析】 bring /brɪŋ/v. 带来;拿来 ✅ 方向:别处 → 说话人所在地(向我 / 此地移动) ▸ 短语:bring sth to sb ▸ 例句:Please bring your homework to school tomorrow.明天请把作业带到学校(带到学校,朝向说话者所在地点) take /teɪk/v. 带走;拿走 ✅ 方向:说话人所在地 → 别处(离开我 / 此地) ▸ 短语:take sth to sp ▸ 例句:Take this umbrella with you. It’s raining.带上这把伞(从我这里带走,去往别处) ❌ 学生最常见错误:场景分不清,混用 bring、take。 典型错题: (×)Bring the book to your home. (√)Take the book to your home. carry /ˈkæri/v. 搬运;提;扛;抱 ✅ 不强调方向!重点强调 “负重、手持、搬运” 这个动作 可来、可去、原地挪动均可;常接重物、箱子、包裹等。 ▸ 例句:The boy carries a heavy bag.这个男孩提着一个沉重的包。 【对点训练】 1.Please ______ your notebook to school tomorrow. Don’t leave it at home. A. bring  B. take  C. carry 2.Remember to ______ your new scarf here when you come to my house. A. take  B. bring  C. carry 3.The little girl ______ a basket full of fruit along the street. A. takes  B. brings  C. carries 易错点03 形容词顺序 【错因辨析】 当多个形容词修饰名词时,顺序为:观点+大小+形状+年龄+颜色+来源+材料+用途+名词 a beautiful small round old brown Chinese wooden writing desk 【对点训练】 1.My mother bought a ______ scarf during the trip. A. beautiful red Chinese silk B. Chinese beautiful red silk C. red beautiful silk Chinese 2.We saw a ______ tower in the ancient town. A. round small old stone B. small round old stone C. old small round stone 3.This is a ______ bag for travelling. A. comfortable big blue cotton B. big comfortable blue cotton C. comfortable blue big cotton 易错点04 too much, much too与too many 【做题辨析】 ① 后面是可数名词复数 → too many ② 后面是不可数名词 → too much ③ 后面是形容词 / 副词 → much too 【对点训练】 1.There is ______ rubbish on the beach after the vacation. A. too many B. too much C. much too 2.The mountain road is ______ dangerous to drive on. A. too many B. too much C. much too 易错点05 spend / cost / take / pay 【助记口诀】人 spend,物 cost;it 作主语常用 take;pay 只能人做主,常和 for 搭配 【错因辨析】 spend (spent, spent)主语:人 结构:① sb. spend + 时间 / 金钱 on sth.② sb. spend + 时间 / 金钱 (in) doing sth. 例:I spent two hours on this trip./I spent much money buying gifts. cost (cost, cost)主语:事物、物品(不能是人)结构:sth. cost (sb.) + 金钱 例:The silk scarf cost me 100 yuan. take (took, taken) 常用形式:It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. it 为形式主语,真正主语是后面动作; 侧重 “花费时间”,极少用于花钱。 例:It took us three hours to arrive at the town. pay (paid, paid)主语:人结构:sb. pay (sb.) + 钱 for sth. 核心搭配 for,表示 “为某物付款” 例:I paid 80 yuan for the hotel room. 【对点训练】 1.The beautiful silk scarf ______ me 150 yuan. A. spent B. cost C. paid 2.It ______ us about four hours to reach the ancient town by bus. A. took B. spent C. paid 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1.The ________ (different) between the two pictures is obvious. 2.Did you do ________ (something) special during the holiday? 3.He felt ________ (sick) after eating too much ice cream. 4.Everyone should learn to protect ________ (they) when facing difficulties. 5.It rained heavily yesterday, so we ________ (have to) stay indoors. 6.My cousin learned to do experiments all by ________ (she). 7.Taking a walk in the park is a great way ________ (relax). 8.To my surprise, he passed the exam ________ (easy). 9.He ________ (feel) tired after a long day of work. 10.I ________ (try) the new restaurant last night. 11.Taking a walk in the park is ________ (relax). 12.The ________ (photo) on the wall are beautiful. 13.Everyone ________ (say) she is the best teacher. 14.I can’t find my book ________ (somewhere). 15.The ________ (building) in this area are very old. 16.He ________ (see) the sunrise last Saturday. 17.She goes to her ________ (grandparents) home. 18.I feel ________ (boring) when I have nothing to do. 19.This chair is very ________ (comfort). 20.We ________ (fight) against the bad weather yesterday. 二、单项选择 21.The view from the top of the mountain ________ my breath away yesterday. A.took B.takes C.taking D.take 22.—Would you please ________ the fish? —All right, I’m coming. A.feed B.to feed C.feeding 23.There is ________ wrong with my camera. It doesn’t work. I need to buy a new one. A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing 24.—The first time I saw the Grand Canyon, its great scenery took _________ breath away. —So it did. I wish I could go there some day. A.my B.myself C.mine D.I 25.He ________ at home and watched TV last night. A.stays B.stayed C.will stay D.is staying 26.— ________ was the weather like in Beijing? — It was sunny and warm. A.How B.Where C.When D.What 27.Don’t forget ________ your camera. We can take many photos. A.to bring B.bringing C.bring D.brings 28.—Did you go with anyone? —Yes, I went there ________ my cousin. A.for B.to C.with D.at 29.It ________ me two hours to finish my homework last night. A.spent B.paid C.took D.cost 30.The weather was ________ hot ________ we stayed in the hotel all afternoon. A.too; to B.so; that C.such; that D.as; as 31.My family went to the beach ________ vacation last summer. A.in B.on C.at D.for 32.—How was your summer vacation? —It was ________. I visited the Great Wall and took many photos. A.friendly B.delicious C.fantastic D.boring 33.Did Lisa tell you ________ in the letter? A.interesting anything B.anything interesting C.something interesting 34.—Listen! ________ is singing next door. —But I can’t see ________. Maybe it is a video. A.Everyone, someone B.Someone, anyone C.Anyone, anyone 35.I felt ________ when I heard the ________ news that eight pupils in Chongqing drowned (溺水) in one day. A.surprised; surprising B.surprised; surprised C.surprising; surprised 三、完成句子 36.昨晚我们欢聚在一起唱歌。 We ________ ________ to sing songs last night. 37.这张照片使我想起黄山之旅。 The photo ________ me ________ the trip to Huangshan. 38.这次旅行让我的假期很有意义。 This trip ________ my holiday very ________. 39.我们在当地品尝了特色美食。 We ________ special local food there. 40.那里的风景十分迷人。 The ________ there was very ________. 41.我们计划去乡村旅行。 We plan to _______________ to the countryside. 42.我们拍了许多漂亮的照片。 We ______________ beautiful photos. 43.我们在那里待了五天。 We ______________ for five days. 44.他在电子游戏上花了太多钱。He ________ too much ________ ________ video games. 45.她喜欢在阳光下读书。 She likes to read a book ________ ________ ________. 四、完形填空 阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。 Last summer vacation, I went to Sanya with my family. It was my first time to go there, so I was very 46 . Sanya is a beautiful city with long beaches and blue sea. On the first day, we 47 to the beach. The weather was sunny and hot. My brother and I 48 in the sea for a long time. My parents walked on the beach and 49 many photos. In the evening, we had seafood for dinner. It was very 50 . On the second day, we visited a big 51 . There were many kinds of trees and flowers there. We saw some monkeys 52 in the trees. They were very cute. We also went boating on a lake in the park. On the last day, we went shopping. My mother bought some 53 for her friends. I bought some beautiful shells as gifts 54 my classmates. It was a great vacation. We 55 a good time there. I hope to go there again next year. 46.A.sad B.excited C.bored D.tired 47.A.went B.go C.will go D.are going 48.A.walked B.ran C.swam D.played 49.A.took B.made C.got D.brought 50.A.terrible B.delicious C.expensive D.cheap 51.A.zoo B.library C.park D.hospital 52.A.jumping B.singing C.dancing D.sleeping 53.A.books B.food C.clothes D.gifts 54.A.to B.for C.with D.from 55.A.had B.took C.made D.gave 五、选词填空 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。 told   luck   happily   but   meaning   photo   one   share   for   pick Hello, everyone. I’d like to 56 my holiday activities with you. My parents and I had a trip to Maiji Mountain this summer holiday. It was the 57 time for me to get there. So I was really excited. It was a sunny day. The fresh air made us feel comfortable. We really enjoyed the beautiful views of the mountain and couldn’t wait to take some 58 . We decided to climb the mountains and enjoy the clouds closely. Then we saw the Maiji Mountain Grottoes (石窟). Maiji Mountain Grottoes is famous 59 its wonderful art. The big stones are as high as 16 meters, 60 the smallest ones are only 10 centimeters. We felt 61 to see the art. Later, on the way to the top of it, we saw many people 62 up rubbish. My mum 63 me that everybody can do something to protect the environment (环境). Then I did the same thing as them 64 . The trip to Maiji Mountain made me realize the power (力量) of nature and the importance of keeping the environment clean. I will never forget this wonderful and 65 trip. 六、短文填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 My name is Eric. Last July, I went to Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida. It was an enjoyable trip 66 I spent time with my family. I went there with my dad, mum, brother and sister. We had 67 (lot) of fun there. We 68 (drive) my dad’s new car to Florida. It was a long trip but I enjoyed 69 (me). There were so many old 70 (build) along the way. We went 71 a dinner show—Jolly Holiday. It had funny people and lots of singing. We enjoyed it. I went on rides 72 my dad, brother and sister. We went to Splash Mountain. We went through a tunnel (隧道). We saw different Disney characters. My mum took 73 (photo) of me with different Disney characters. We saw Cinderella at the Magic Kingdom. She gave a show with her friends. At the Beach Club Resort, my family saw Chip and Dale. They walked around 74 (meet) everyone. 75 an interesting trip! 七、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景,在空白处填入一个适当的句子,使对话的意思连贯、完整。 (Li Jing and David are talking in front of the teaching building.) Li Jing: Hi, David. How are you? David: Hi, Li Jing. I’m fine, thank you. Li Jing: 76 David: It was fantastic. I had a lot of fun during the summer holiday. Li Jing: 77 David: I went to Hainan with my family. Li Jing: What did you do there? David: I played on the beach and ate lots of delicious food. Li Jing: 78 David: What about you? 79 Li Jing: No, I just stayed at home to relax. But it was still fun. David: Ya Ming’s birthday is coming. I want to buy a gift for him. Could you go to the shop with me this afternoon? Li Jing: 80 Let’s meet after school. 八、任务型阅读 Many people are tired of going to busy tourist places during their holidays. So, they are trying something new: mushroom (蘑菇)-picking. It is a new and exciting way to take a break from their busy lives and enjoy nature. To meet tourists’ needs, Youyunnan, an app for visitors to Yunnan Province, has two mushroom-picking activities for visitors. One guides visitors to pick mushrooms. In the other, tourists can enjoy picking local tea, eating local mushrooms and visiting a wild mushroom market as well as picking mushrooms. A 35-year-old teacher Mrs Li took a day trip from Guangxi to Kunming. “My child loves mushrooms and we bought many books about them. That’s why we visited Kunming to help my child see the wonders of nature,” Li said. They greatly enjoyed the activity and learned a lot. They learned to pick mushrooms. They also learned to tell if mushrooms were safe. They had a good time. 81.Why are many people trying mushroom-picking during their holidays? 82.How many mushroom-picking activities are there for visitors with the app Youyunnan? 83.What did Li and her family think of the mushroom-picking activity? 84.Do you like to experience mushroom-picking? Why or why not? 学科网(北京)股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Happy Holiday (样张内容仅供参考,请勿直接使用) 主 题 场 景 分 类 词 汇 一、旅行地点与风景场景 1. countryside (乡村) I enjoy the quiet life in the countryside.(我喜欢乡村宁静的生活。) 2. town (镇;商业区) We bought some gifts in the small town.(我们在这个小镇买了一些礼物。) 3. palace (王宫;宫殿) The ancient palace looks very grand.(这座古老的宫殿看起来十分宏伟。) 4. tower (塔;塔楼) We visited an old stone tower yesterday.(我们昨天参观了一座古老的石塔。) 5. square (广场;正方形) Many people dance on the big square every evening.(每天晚上很多人在大广场上跳舞。) 6. landscape (风景;景色) The mountain landscape is amazing in autumn.(秋日的山野风景美不胜收。) 7. scenery (风景;景色) The natural scenery here is very beautiful.(这里的自然风光十分优美。) 8. sky (天空) The blue sky makes people feel relaxed.(蔚蓝的天空让人身心放松。) 9. faraway (远方的;遥远的) We dreamed of faraway places when we were young.(我们年少时向往远方。) 二、旅行食宿与出行场景 1. camp (营地;露营) We plan to camp by the lake this weekend.(我们计划这周末在湖边露营。) 2. vacation (假期;度假) I will go on a vacation with my family.(我要和家人去度假。) 3. hotel (旅馆;旅社) We stayed in a clean hotel during our trip.(旅行期间我们住在一家干净的旅馆。) 4. comfortable (舒适的) The hotel room is warm and comfortable.(这间酒店房间温暖又舒适。) 5. budget (预算;精打细算) We need to budget carefully for our trip.(我们需要为旅行仔细做好预算。) 6. passport (护照) You must take your passport when you go abroad.(出国时你必须携带护照。) 7. station (车站) I will meet you at the train station.(我会在火车站和你碰面。) 8. steamed chicken soup (汽锅鸡) We tasted delicious steamed chicken soup in Yunnan.(我们在云南吃到了美味的汽锅鸡。) 三、人文历史与艺术场景 1. ancient (古代的;古老的) We saw many ancient things in the museum.(我们在博物馆看到了许多古物。) 2. silk (丝绸;蚕丝) Chinese silk is famous all over the world.(中国丝绸闻名世界。) 3. scarf (围巾;披巾) She bought a silk scarf as a travel gift.(她买了一条丝巾当作旅行礼物。) 4. artwork (艺术作品;插图) These artworks show local traditional culture.(这些艺术作品展现了当地的传统文化。) 5. accordion (手风琴) He can play the accordion very well.(他手风琴弹得很好。) 6. thousands of (数以千计的) Thousands of tourists visit the palace every year.(每年有成千上万的游客参观这座宫殿。) 四、人物情绪与感官体验场景 1. fantastic (极好的;了不起的) Our travel experience was absolutely fantastic.(我们的旅行体验超级棒。) 2. strange (奇怪的;陌生的) I saw a strange bird in the mountains.(我在山里看到了一只奇怪的鸟。) 3. bored (厌倦的;烦闷的) I never feel bored when I travel.(旅行时我从不感到无聊。) 4. surprised (惊奇的;惊讶的) We are surprised at the beautiful scenery.(我们被这美景惊艳到了。) 5. breath (呼吸的空气;一口气) The fresh breath in the countryside is great.(乡村的清新空气十分宜人。) 6. take sb’s breath away (令人惊叹) The sunset took my breath away.(这落日美景令人叹为观止。) 7. especially (尤其;特别) I love natural scenery, especially mountains.(我喜欢自然风光,尤其是山川景色。) 8. sick (生病的;恶心的) No one felt sick during the long trip.(长途旅行中没有人感到不适。) 五、地点代词与状态词汇 1. anywhere (任何地方) You can go anywhere you like in the park.(在公园里你可以去任何想去的地方。) 2. somewhere (某处) We will go somewhere warm for vacation.(我们要去温暖的地方度假。) 3. nothing (没有任何东西) There is nothing special in this small shop.(这家小店里没什么特别的东西。) 3. nothing but (只有;只是) I saw nothing but green trees and blue sky.(我眼中只有绿树和蓝天。) 4. ready (准备好的) We are ready for our coming trip.(我们已经为即将到来的旅行做好准备。) 5. ready to do sth (愿意/准备做某事) She is ready to start her travel journey.(她准备好开启旅行之旅了。) 7. regular (平常的;有规律的) This is my regular travel plan.(这是我常规的旅行计划。) 六、动作、行为与情态短语 1. stand up (站起;起立) Please stand up when the guide comes.(导游过来时请起立。) 2. turn around (转身;翻转) He turned around and saw a rainbow.(他一转身就看到了彩虹。) 3. towards (向;朝) We walked towards the top of the tower.(我们朝着塔顶走去。) 4. look for (寻找) We are looking for a quiet hotel.(我们正在找一家安静的旅馆。) 5. remind (提醒;使想起) The old tower reminds me of ancient stories.(这座古塔让我想起古老的故事。) 6. forget (忘记;遗忘) Don’t forget to take your passport.(别忘了带上你的护照。) 7. forgetful (健忘的) My grandma is a little forgetful now.(奶奶现在有点健忘。) 8. guide (导游;指导) Our guide told us many interesting stories.(我们的导游给我们讲了很多有趣的故事。) 9.get together (聚会;相聚) We get together and travel every summer.(我们每年夏天相聚出游。) 10.in the sun (在阳光下) We enjoyed the beautiful view in the sun.(我们在阳光下欣赏美景。) 七、自然、情感与拓展词汇 1. rainbow (彩虹) A beautiful rainbow appeared after the rain.(雨后出现了一道美丽的彩虹。) 2. noon (正午;中午) We had lunch at the square at noon.(中午我们在广场吃了午饭。) 3. deer (鹿) We saw several lovely deer in the forest.(我们在森林里看到了几只可爱的小鹿。) 4.easily (容易地;轻易地) We can easily find the tourist spot.(我们可以轻易找到这个景点。) 5.probably (很可能;大概) We will probably visit the palace tomorrow.(我们明天大概率会参观这座宫殿。) 6. might (可能;可以) It might rain in the afternoon during the trip.(旅行途中下午可能会下雨。) 7. tear (眼泪;泪水) The touching story made people shed tears.(这个动人的故事让人落泪。) 8. peace (和平;太平) The ancient town is full of peace and beauty.(这座古镇满是祥和与美好。) 9. victory (胜利;成功) We cheered for our final victory.(我们为最终的胜利欢呼。) 10. Russian (俄罗斯的;俄罗斯人/俄语) He is a Russian tourist in our city.(他是来我市游玩的俄罗斯游客。) 11. fight (战斗;斗争) People fight for peace all the time.(人们一直为和平而奋斗。) 12. against (反对;紧靠) We should fight against bad behaviors.(我们要抵制不良行为。) 13. fight against sb / sth (与……作斗争) They fight against pollution to protect the earth.(他们对抗污染,守护地球。) 短 语 1.take sb's breath away(令人惊叹;让人叹绝) The beautiful mountain scenery took my breath away.(绝美的山间景色让我惊叹不已。) 2.take lessons(上课) I take art lessons to learn more about artwork.(我上艺术课,学习更多艺术作品相关知识。) 3.go on vacation/holiday(度假)My family will go on vacation to an ancient town this summer.(今年夏天我们一家要去古镇度假。) 4. something interesting(一些有趣的东西)We found something interesting in the local palace museum.(我们在当地的故宫博物馆发现了一些有趣的东西。) 5. see the sunrise(看日出) We got up early to see the sunrise on the mountain.(我们早起上山看日出。) 6.arrive at the town(到达镇上) We arrived at the small town before noon.(我们在中午之前抵达了这座小镇。) 7.nothing but(只有;只是) I saw nothing but green fields and fresh air in the countryside.(在乡村,我满眼只有青青田野和清新空气。) 8.be ready to do sth(马上要/愿意做某事) We are ready to explore the faraway countryside.(我们准备好去探访远方的乡村。) 9.so……that……(如此……以至于……)The scenery is so fantastic that many tourists come here every year.(这里的风景太美了,以至于每年都有很多游客前来。) 10.decide to do sth(决定做某事) We decide to camp by the lake during our vacation.(我们决定假期在湖边露营。) 11.be close to(靠近) The hotel is close to the central square of the town.(这家旅馆靠近小镇的中心广场。) 12.learn from(从……学习) We can learn from ancient culture during the trip.(我们可以在旅行中学习古老的文化。) 13. fight against(与……作战;与……作斗争)We should fight against pollution to protect our beautiful home.(我们应该对抗污染,守护美丽家园。) 14. thousands of(数以千计的;成千上万的)Thousands of visitors come to see the ancient tower every year.(每年有成千上万的游客来参观这座古塔。) 15. fall down(落下;摔倒) A few red leaves fall down from the trees in the wind.(秋风中,几片红叶从树上飘落下来。) 16.feel like doing sth(想要做某事) I feel like taking photos of the rainbow after rain.(雨后我想拍下彩虹的照片。) 17.take out(拿出) I took out my passport before entering the scenic spot.(进入景区前我拿出了我的护照。) 18. spend…… on……(在……花费……)We spend little money on our travel to stay within budget.(我们在旅行上花费很少,保持预算可控。) 19. go over budget(超预算) Don’t buy too many gifts, or you will go over budget.(不要买太多礼物,否则你会超预算。) 20. remind sb to do sth(提醒某人做某事)My friend reminds me to take a scarf on the mountain trip.(朋友提醒我登山旅行要带上围巾。) 实 用 交 际 套 句 型 一、询问假期经历(高频问答句型) 1. Where did you go on your vacation?(你假期去哪里了?) 2. How was your summer/winter vacation?(你的寒暑假过得怎么样?) 3. Who did you go with?(你和谁一起去的?) 4. Did you go anywhere interesting?(你去了什么有趣的地方吗?) 5. Did you do anything special on your holiday?(你假期做了什么特别的事吗?) 6. What did you do there?(你在那里做了些什么?) 7. How did you get there?(你怎么去的那里?) 8. How long did you stay there?(你在那里待了多久?) 9. Were there many people there?(那里人多吗?) 10. Did you take any photos?(你拍照了吗?) 二、描述假期经历(叙事基础句型) 1. I went to the countryside / a small town on my vacation.(我假期去了乡村/一座小镇。) 2. I went there with my parents / friends.(我和父母/朋友一起去的。) 3. We visited some ancient buildings and beautiful scenery.(我们参观了古建筑和美景。) 4. We saw the beautiful sunrise and rainbows.(我们看到了美丽的日出和彩虹。) 5. We tried some delicious local food.(我们品尝了一些美味的当地美食。) 6. I took quite a few photos during the trip.(旅途中我拍了不少照片。) 7. We camped by the lake and had a good time.(我们在湖边露营,玩得很开心。) 8. Nothing special happened during my holiday.(我的假期没有发生什么特别的事。) 9. We arrived at the town in the afternoon.(我们下午到达了小镇。) 10. I bought some silk scarves as gifts.(我买了一些丝巾当作礼物。) 三、假期感受与评价(写作万能句型) 1. It was a fantastic and unforgettable trip.(这是一次美妙又难忘的旅行。) 2. The scenery there took my breath away.(那里的景色令人叹为观止。) 3. Everything was wonderful except the weather.(除了天气,一切都很棒。) 4. I felt relaxed and happy during the vacation.(假期里我感到轻松又愉快。) 5. The trip was so great that I want to go there again.(这次旅行太棒了,我还想再去。) 6. There was nothing but beautiful views everywhere.(到处都是美景。) 7. It was one of the most amazing trips in my life.(这是我人生中最美妙的旅行之一。) 8. I learned a lot from this special experience.(我从这次特别的经历中学到了很多。) 语法 1. 不定代词 2. 复习一般过去时 写作 假期经历与感受 一、知识点精讲 知识点1:How do people spend their holidays?人们如何度过他们的假期? ① spend:及物动词,此处含义为花费(时间),主语需为人。 变形:spends(三单),spent(过去式/过去分词),spending(现在分词) 【固定搭配】 1. spend + 时间/金钱 + on sth. (在某物上花时间/钱)例:spend time on books 2. spend + 时间/金钱 + (in) doing sth. (花时间/钱做某事)例:spend time reading 【易混辨析】 spend / cost / take / pay spend sb.+spend+time/money+on sth. “某人花时间/金钱在某物上” He spends much of his pocket money on science books. 他把很多零花钱用在买科学书上。 sb.+spend+time/ money+(in) doing sth. “某人花时间/金钱做某事” She spent most of her life caring for others. 她花了大半辈子的时间照顾他人。 cost sth.+cost+sb.+money “某物花费某人多少钱” It cost me 60 dollars to go to New York by train. 我乘火车到纽约花了60美元。 take It+takes+sb.+time+to do sth. “做某事花费某人多长时间” It took me ten minutes to go to the post office. 到邮局花了我10分钟。 pay sb.+pay+money+for sth. “某人为某物付多少钱” He has paid the doctor 50 yuan for the medicine. 他买药付给医生50元。 sb.+pay for+sth. “某人为某物付款” Mr. Green needn’t pay for his son’s tuition fees this year. 今年格林先生不需要给他儿子付学费了。 pay off意为“成功;奏效;达到目的”,可用于表示辛苦的付出终有回报。 如:Our hard work paid off. 我们的努力得到了回报。 知识点2:The landscape there was amazing. amazing (adj.令人惊叹的)用法;形容事物非常棒或令人惊喜。 The sunset over the mountains was amazing. (山上的日落太美了!) 知识点3:Where did Emma go on vacation holiday? go on vacation/holiday(去度假)用法:指离开家去旅行放松。 My family goes on vacation every summer. (我家每年夏天都去度假。) Where did you go on vacation last year? (你去年去哪里度假了?) Holiday“假期”(英式英语,=vacation 美式) 搭配:on holiday(在度假),summer holiday (暑假) 例句:They are on holiday in Sanya.(他们在三亚度假。) 注意:复数 holidays 可表示“节曰”(如 public holidays) 知识点4:Here. I can show you some photos.  show的用法 词性 意义及用法 动词 意为“给……看;展示” show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 意为“给某人看(展示)某物” 意为“引,领,带”,show sb. around 意为“带某人参观某地” 意为“表示,显露”,show up意为“出现,露面”,show off意为“炫耀” 名词 意为“演出;节目;展览,展览会”, talk show意为“访谈节目”,on show意为“展览;陈列” 知识点5:How great it was! 这是一个感叹句(表达强烈情感的句子)结构:How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语! 感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情,通常用what或how引导。 1.what引导的感叹句(中心词为名词) ①What + a/an + adj.+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如: What a kind heart you have! 你的心肠真好! ②What + adj. +不可数名词/可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!如: What interesting stories he’s told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣! What great progress she has made! 她取得了多么大的进步啊! 2.how引导的感叹句(中心词为形容词或副词) ①How + adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)!如:How clever the boy is! 这男孩真聪明! ②How + adj. + a/an +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如: How clever a boy he is! 他真是个聪明的男孩! ③How+主语+谓语!如:How time flies! 时间过得真快呀! 【拓展】如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句: 1.凡是以a/an开头的,多用what; 2.凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用what;此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与形容词连用的情况,如:weather,news,advice,fun,information,work,traffic等; 3.其他一般用how。 口诀助记:感叹句要记牢,句子主谓先划掉,再来确定what/how;再在形容词后找,若有名词用what,没有名词用how。 知识点6:We stayed in the old town for a few days. for+一段时间:表示动作或状态持续的时间长度,常用于现在完成时、一般过去时等时态中。 I have lived in this city for ten years.(我在这个城市已经住了十年了。) 这里的“for ten years”说明了“住”这个动作持续的时间是十年。 在一般过去时中也可以使用, 如:He studied English for three years in high school. (他在高中时学了三年英语。) 注意事项:“for+ 一段时间”通常与延续性动词连用,不能与短暂性动词连用。比如“buy”是短暂性动词, 知识点7:I just took my breath away. take one's breath away这个短语的字面意思是“把呼吸带走”,实际含义是“使某人惊叹;使某人陶醉”,通常用于描述某物或某人非常美丽、令人震撼或令人惊讶,以至于让人短暂地停止呼吸,感到惊叹。 The view from the top of the mountain took my breath away. (山顶的景色让我惊叹不已。) 辨析:take,bring与carry take “带去,拿去”,指把某人或某物从说话人所在的地方带到别处,与bring意思相反。  Please take these books to the library for me. 请替我把这些书带到图书馆去。 bring “带来,拿来”,指把某人或某物带到说话人所在的地方。 Why don’t you bring your brother to the party? 你为什么不带你哥哥来参加宴会? carry “携带,提,扛,抬,运”等,具有负重的含义,但不强调方向。  They are carrying some paintings to the art gallery. 他们正在把一些画运到艺术馆。 知识点8:Everything tasted great, especially the steamed chicken soup. especially用法:“especially”是副词,意为“尤其;特别”,用来强调在众多事物中某一事物更为突出或特别 I like all kinds of fruits, especially apples. (我喜欢各种水果,尤其是苹果。)这里强调了在所有水果中,苹果是更为突出、更受喜欢的。 知识点9:I just stayed at home to read. play games and relax. relax 用法:“relax”是动词,意为“放松;休息;使放松”。 You should relax after a long day of work. (经过漫长的一天工作后,你应该放松一下。) 它既可以作不及物动词,如:I like to relax by listening to music.(我喜欢通过听音乐来放松。)也可以作及物动词,如:The massage relaxed my muscles. (按摩使我的肌肉放松了。) 派生词:“relaxing”是形容词,意为“令人放松的”, 常用来描述事物,如:This is a relaxing movie.(这是部令人放松的电影。) “relaxed”也是形容词,意为“放松的;自在的”,常用来描述人, 如:He looks relaxed.(他看起来很放松。) 知识点10:We had a wonderful experience. ①experience作名词:表示“经历;经验” 具体经历(可数):Ihave many interesting experiences in summer camp.(我在夏令营有许多有趣的经历。) 抽象经验(不可数):She has rich teaching experience.(她有丰富的教学经验。) ②作动词:表示“经历;体验” We experienced a heavy rain yesterday.(我们昨天经历了一场大雨。) 知识点11:1 got you something as a gift. as的用法 (1) 作介词,意为“作为,当作;像,如同”。 如:She works as a teacher. 她的职业是教师。 (2)作连词: ①“当……时;随着”。 如: She became happy as she talked about her friends. 她一谈到朋友们就高兴起来了。 ②“由于,因为”。 如:As you were out, I left a message. 因为你不在,所以我留了一张字条。 ③“正如;如同”。 如:As you know, Julia is leaving soon. 你是知道的,朱莉娅马上要离开了。 ④“照……方式”。 如:They did as I had asked. 他们是按照我的要求做的。 (3)作副词,意为“像……一样;如同”。 常见搭配:as...as...,意为“和……一样……”(常用于同级比较)。 如:You’re as tall as your father. 你和你父亲一样高。 as soon as意为“一……就……”, as long as意为“只要”, as usual意为“像往常一样”。 知识点12:It rained heavily when I arrived at the town.so I could do nothing but stay in the hotel. ① rain heavily 表示“下大雨”,副词 heavily 修饰动词 rain 同义表达:rain hard /a heavy rain(名词形式) It rained heavily last night, so the streets were flooded. (昨晚雨下得很大,街道都被淹没了。) ② arrive at / arrive in arrive at:后接小地点(如学校、车站)We arrived at the airport at 9 o'clock, (我们 9 点到达机场。) arrive in:后接大地点(如城市、国家)They arrived in Beijing yesterday.(他们昨天到达北京。) ③ nothing but 表示“只有:仅仅”,后接名词或动词原形 He had nothing but a piece of bread for breakfast.(他早餐只有一片面包。) nothing but+ 动词原形(表示“只能做...”) I did nothing but wait for the bus. (我只能等公交车。) They do nothing but relax, sleep or watch TV.(他们什么都没做,只是放松、睡觉或看电视。) 知识点13:Someone had left a book in my room, and that was exactly what I needed. leave的用法 (1)作动词,leave→left→left→leaving。意为“离开;把……留下”。其用法如下: 用法 例句 leave sp.(for)离开某地(去……) I leave home for work at 7 every morning. 我每天早上7点离开家去工作。 leave for sp.动身去某地 When do you leave for school? 你什么时候去上学? leave sb./sth. +adj./v.-ing/to do 让某人/某物处于某种状态 Don’t leave her waiting outside in the rain. 别让她在外边雨里等着。 leave sb./sth. behind) 把某人/某物落下/留下 He wasn’t well, so we had to leave him behind. 他身体不适,因此我们只好把他留下。 leave sb. alone=leave sb. by oneself撇下某人;让某人独自待着 Why can’t you leave me alone? 你为什么不能别管我的事情? (2)作名词,意为“休假;假期”。ask for a month’s leave 意为“请一个月假”。 知识点14:The bed was comfortable. comfortable形容词,表示“舒适的” This chair is very comfortable to sit on.(这把椅子坐起来很舒服。) 反义词:uncomfortable(不舒适的) 派生词:comfort(名词,舒适):comfortably(副词,舒适地) 知识点15:I was so bored that I decided to find something to read. ① so...that...表示“如此.以至于…”,引导结果状语从句 结构:so+形容词/副词+that+从句 She was so tired that she fell asleep at once. (她太累了,以至于立刻睡着了。) 【妙辨异同】so…that…/so that/such…that… 辨析 意义及用法 so… that… 意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,so后面接形容词或副词。可与too… to…结构互换。 so that 意为“以便;为了”,引导目的状语从句。可与in order that互换。 such… that… 意为“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,such后接名词。 【注意】 such+a/an+adj. +可数名词单数(+that从句)= so+adj. +a/an+可数名词单数(+that从句) 当名词前有many, much, few或little等词修饰时,其前必须用so而不用such。 decide动词,表示“决定” 知识点16:I stood up and walked towards the window. towards介词,表示“朝;向”(强调方向) He walked towards the park.(他朝公园走去。) 注意:不能与 to 混淆,towards 侧重方向,to侧重目的地 知识点17:close ① 作动词:表示“关闭":Close the window, please. (请关窗。) ②作形容词:表示“近的;亲密的": My home is close to the school.(我家离学校很近。) She is my close friend. (她是我的密友。) 区别:closely(副词,紧密地) They are closely connected.(它们紧密相连。) 知识点18:We should not forget that.我们不应该忘记那件事。 forget的用法(2022.52涉及) forget(forgot;forgotten)为动词,意为“忘记;遗忘”。 如: ①People forget to say thank you sometimes. 人们有时会忘记说谢谢。 ②I’ll never forget hearing this piece of music for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次听到这首曲子的情景。 有些动词与forget用法类似,后接动词不定式或动名词均可,但意思稍有差别。如: 知识点19: It reminds us that war is terrible and peace does not come easily.它提醒我们战争是可怕的,和平来之不易。 (1) remind v. 提醒;使想起 【句型】 ①remind sb. of sth. 使某人记起某事 I like these photos and they can remind me of the life living in the countryside. 我喜欢这些照片,它们能让我想起农村的生活。 ②remind sb.(not) to do sth. 提醒某人(不)去做某事。 Please remind me to turn off the light. 请提醒我关灯。 ③ remind sb. + that从句 It reminds us that war is terrible and peace does not come easily. 它提醒我们,战争是可怕的,和平来之不易 (2)peace作名词,意为“和平;太平”。其形容词形式为peaceful,意为“和平的;安静的”。 知识点20:Don't spend too much on holiday shopping, or you might easily go over budget.不要在假日购物上花太多钱,否则你很容易超出预算。 (1)spend作动词,意为“花(时间、钱等)”。常用结构:spend too much on sth 意为“在某事/物上花费太多”。 (2)辨析too much, much too与too many 词汇 意义及用法 例句 too much 意为“太多” ①修饰或代替不可数名词 ②修饰动词作状语 ①They watch too much TV. 他们看电视看得太多了。 ②She laughs too much. 她笑得太多了。 much too 意为“太……”,修饰形容词或副词 The clothes she wears are much too young for her. 她穿的衣服显得过于年轻了。 too many 意为“太多”,修饰或代替可数名词复数 You made too many mistakes. 你犯的错误太多了。 知识点21: I turned around and was surprised to see a noise. be surprised to do sth 惊讶地做某事 surprise的用法 surprise还可作动词,意为“(使)惊讶/吃惊”,其形容词为surprising和surprised。具体用法如下: ①surprising“令人惊讶的”,主语为物,如:His idea is surprising. 他的想法很让人惊讶。 ②surprised“感到意外的”,主语是人,常用结构:sb. be surprised to do sth. 某人对做某事感到意外;be surprised at/by sth./sb. 对某事/某人感到很意外。 如:I was surprised at how quickly she agreed. 我没想到她这么快就同意了。 She looked surprised when I told her. 我告诉她时她显得很惊讶。 二、核心语法精讲 不定代词 不定代词不明确指代某个(些)人、某个(些)事,可以代替名词或形容词,在句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 1、 普通不定代词 1. some和any 代词 相同点 不同点 例句 some 意为“一些”, 既可修饰/指代可数名词,又可修饰/指代不可数名词。 多用在肯定句中;用于疑问句时表示邀请、请求或者期待得到对方的肯定回答。 Some people are born lucky. 有些人天生运气就比较好。 Would you like some milk in your tea? 你的茶里要加些牛奶吗? any 多用在否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中;用在肯定句中表示“任何一个/任何一些”。 He didn’t buy any gifts. 他没有买任何礼物。 Are there any mistakes in your homework? 你的作业里有错误吗? You can choose any book on the desk. 你可以选择桌子上的任何一本书。 2. each和every 代词 each every 用法 用作形容词或代词,可单独使用 仅作定语,不可单独使用 强调个体 强调整体 指两者或者两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个” 指三者或者三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个” 后可加of短语 后不可加of短语 “each/every + 名词单数”作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式 如:Each student has been given his or her own email address. 每个学生都得到一个自己的电子邮件地址。 We each have different needs and interests. 我们每个人都有不同的需求和兴趣。 Each of the houses was slightly different. 每座房子都稍有不同。 Every day seemed the same to him. 对他来说似乎天天都一样。 I bought a dozen eggs and every one of the eggs was bad. 我买了一打鸡蛋,个个都是坏的。 3. both和all 两者都代替或修饰复数名词。both指“两者……(都)”;all指三者或三者以上,“所有(的),全部”。如: I have two sisters. Both of them/They both live in London. 我有两个姐姐。她们俩都住在伦敦。 All of my classmates enjoyed the party. 我的所有同学都喜欢那次聚会。 4. either和neither 代词 意义及用法 常用短语 例句 either “(两者中)任何一个”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数 either… or… 或者……或者……;要么……要么…… You can keep one of the photos. Either of them is OK. 你可以保留一张照片。两张里任选一张都可以。 neither “(两者)都不”,作主语时,谓语动词常用单数 neither… nor…既 不……也不…… neither of…两者都不 Neither answer is right. 两个答案都不对。 Neither of them is playing the violin.  他们两个都没有在拉小提琴。 5. other,the other,others,the others和another 代词 意义 用法 other 另外的 可作定语,常与复数名词连用。 the other ①两者中的另一个②(指一组中)其余的 ①常用于“one… the other…”结构,意为“一个……另一个……”;②the other + 名词复数。 others ①另一些②别人 泛指别的人或物(但不是全部),相当于other + 名词复数;some… others…意为“一些……另一些……”。 the others 其余的人或物 特指其余所有的人或物,相当于“the other + 名词复数”。 another 另一个 指三者或者三者以上中的任何一个,another + 名词单数。 如:Are there any other questions?还有其他问题吗? He raised one hand and then the other. 他先举起一只手,然后举起另一只。 Some students like drawing but others don’t. 有些学生喜欢画画,但其他学生不喜欢。 I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳了,而其他人都去打网球了。 Could you show me another skirt? 你能再给我拿一条裙子看看吗? 6. (a) few和 (a) little,many和much 代词 意义及用法 例句 few 修饰或指代可数名词复数,表否定意义,意为“不多;很少” Very few of his books are worth reading. 他的书值得读的太少了。 a few 修饰或指代可数名词复数,表肯定意义,意为“几个;有些” I’ve seen most of his movies. Only a few are as good as his first one. 他的大部分电影我都看过。只有少数几部能与他的第一部相媲美。 little 修饰或指代不可数名词,表否定意义,意为“几乎没有” I understood little of what he said. 我几乎听不懂他所讲的。 a little 修饰或指代不可数名词,表肯定意义,意为“少量;一些” If you have any spare milk, could you give me a little?你要是有多余的牛奶,给我一些好吗? many 修饰或指代可数名词复数,表示“许多;大量” I can see many stars in the sky. 我能看到天空中有很多星星。 much 修饰或指代不可数名词,表示“许多;大量” We have much homework every day. 我们每天都有许多作业。 复合不定代词 初中阶段常见的复合不定代词有: somebody (某人) anybody(任何人) nobody(没有人) everybody(每人) someone (某人) anyone(任何人) no one(没有人) everyone (每人) something (某事) anything(任何事) nothing (没有东西) everything (每一件事) 其用法如下: 1. 复合不定代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语,不能作定语。在句子中作主语时谓语动词一般用单数。如: Something is wrong with my watch. I’ll have it repaired. 我的手表出毛病了,我要把它修一下。 Several people were passing but nobody offered to help. 有几个人擦肩而过,却没有人主动提供帮助。 2. 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时放不定代词后。如: Is there anything interesting in today’s newspaper?今天的报纸上有什么有趣的东西吗? Why didn’t you come? Everybody else was there. 你为什么没来呢?其他所有的人都来了。 一般过去时 1. 一般过去时的定义 ①一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态,常和表示过去的时间状语连用。如 yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week,in 2015,three days ago,the other day,just now,at the moment,this morning,once upon a time,long long ago。 —What did you do yesterday? 昨天你做了什么? —I went swimming. 我去游泳了。 ②表示过去经常性或习惯性发生的动作。 When I was at middle school, I often went to school by bike. 我读中学时经常骑自行车去学校。 2. 一般过去时的基本结构 ①实义动词 肯定句:主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天看了电影。 否定句:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他。 I didn’t go to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天没看电影。 一般疑问句及其回答:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他? 肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did. 否定回答:No, 主语 + didn’t / did not. —Did you go to the cinema yesterday? 你昨天去看电影了吗? —Yes, I did./No, I didn’t. 是的,我去了。/ 不,我没去。 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他? —Where did you go yesterday? 你昨天去哪儿了? —I went to the cinema yesterday. 我昨天去看电影了。 ② be 动词 肯定句:主语 + was/were + 其他. I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 否定句:主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他. I wasn’t at home yesterday. 我昨天没在家。 一般疑问句及其回答:Were/Was + 主语 + 其他? —Were you at home yesterday? 你昨天在家吗? —Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 是的,我在家。/ 不,我不在家。 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + were/was + 主语 + 其他? —Where were you yesterday? 你昨天在哪? —I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。 3. 动词过去式的变化规则 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ed wash→washed help→helped 以不发音的字母e结尾 加-d hope→hoped like→liked 以辅音字母 + y结尾 变y为i,再加-ed carry→carried study→studied 结尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节 双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-ed stop→stopped plan→planned 4. 一般过去时的用法 (1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或所处的状态。常与yesterday, last week, in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day等连用。 He was here just now. 他刚才还在这里。 What did you do yesterday? 你昨天做了什么事? (2)在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。 We often played together when we were children. 我们小时候常在一起玩。 注意:表示过去经常发生的动作还可用used to和would。 He used to smoke a lot, but he doesn’t now. 他过去经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。 Whenever we were in trouble, he would help us. 每当我们遇到困难,他都会帮助我们。 (3)表示主语过去的特征或性格。 At that time she was very good at English. 那时她英语学得很好。 (4)用在状语从句中表示过去将来。 He said he would wait until they came back. (5)一般过去时有时可以表示现在,多与 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等动词连用,使语气更委婉。 I wondered if you could help me. 不知你能不能帮我一下。 有时用一般过去时也是时态一致的需要。 I didn’t know you were here. 我不知道你在这里。 注意: (1)表示一系列的动作,尽管有先后,都用一般过去时,最后两个动词之间用and连结。 He opened the door, rushed out and then disappeared. 他打开门,冲了出去,然后就消失了。 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 写作话题:一次假期旅行(游记) 核心时态:一般过去时(重点!全文描述过去假期经历) 考查题型:书信、短文记叙、英语征文《My Happy Holiday / A Wonderful Trip》 写作要求:包含旅行地点、同行人员、活动经历、所见事物、内心感受评价。 核心素养:能有条理叙述过往经历,正确使用一般过去时,运用旅行主题词汇与句型。 2. 写作框架(四段式万能模板) 开头(引入,点明基本信息) 交代假期去向、同行人、出行时间 句型参考:I went to … with … last vacation. It was a great trip. 中间第一段(描述行程活动) 写路上、白天做的事:参观景点、欣赏风景、品尝美食、拍照等 中间第二段(难忘细节) 描写印象最深的画面、发生的趣事、特别的见闻 结尾(感受 + 总结评价) 表达心情,评价本次旅行,写下收获或者愿望(想再次前往) 简易结构口诀:去哪里→做什么→难忘瞬间→感想评价 3. 写作素材 (1)核心词汇 vacation, countryside, town, scenery, tower, palace, sunrise, rainbow camp, travel, visit, arrive, taste, take photos fantastic, amazing, comfortable, unforgettable, relaxed (2)重点短语 go on vacation 度假 go with my parents 和父母同行 visit places of interest 参观名胜 see the sunrise 看日出 take quite a few photos 拍很多照片 try local food 品尝当地美食 take one’s breath away 令人惊叹 have a great time 玩得开心 so…that… 如此…… 以至于…… nothing but 只有;仅仅 (3)万能句型 开篇句 ① Last summer vacation, I went to a beautiful ancient town with my family. 去年暑假,我和家人去了一座美丽的古镇。 叙事句 ② In the morning, we walked around and enjoyed wonderful landscape. 早上我们四处漫步,欣赏绝美的风景。 ③ We tried delicious local food and took lots of photos. 我们品尝美味的当地美食,拍了许多照片。 感受评价句 ④ The beautiful scenery took my breath away. 美景令人叹为观止。 ⑤ It was so wonderful that I will never forget this trip. 这次旅行太棒了,我永远不会忘记。 4. 范文背诵(两篇,一简一优,适配考试) 范文 1(标准版,适合基础背诵) My Happy Holiday Last summer vacation, I went to the countryside with my parents. We stayed there for three days. In the daytime, we walked along the roads and enjoyed nice scenery. We saw clear blue sky and lovely deer. Sometimes we sat in the sun and talked happily. We also tried some special local food. Everything looked great. The best part was watching the sunrise early in the morning. It was amazing. There was nothing but green hills in front of us. This trip took my breath away. I felt very relaxed. It was an unforgettable holiday. I hope I can go there again someday. 范文 2(提升版,适合作文冲高分) A Wonderful Trip I went on a vacation to an ancient town with my best friend last holiday. We arrived at the town before noon. The town was quiet and beautiful. We visited an old tower and enjoyed the fantastic landscape. We took many photos and tasted tasty steamed chicken soup. We met friendly visitors and learned a lot about local culture. What impressed me most was the rainbow after the rain. It was so beautiful that we couldn’t believe our eyes. This was a fantastic trip. It taught me to enjoy small beautiful things around us. I will keep this wonderful memory forever. 易错点01 时间介词易混 in/on/at 【助记口诀】in大on天at点 【错因辨析】 1. 核心区别在于时间范围的大小‌:‌in用于较长时段‌,‌on用于具体某一天‌,‌at用于精确时间点‌。‌‌ 2. in用于时间范围大(一天以上)或泛指上午、下午、晚上。如:in January, in the morning 3. on用于某一天或某一天的上午、下午、晚上。如:on Monday, on Sunday afternoon, on July 1, 1999 4. at时间最短,一般表示点时间,如at six o’clock, at three thirty.习惯用法:at night, at noon,at this time of year. 【对点训练】 1. The firework show along the river will start ______ 8:00 p.m. on the Mid-Autumn Festival. A. in B. on C. at 【答案】C 【解析】空格后是具体钟表时刻8:00 p.m.,属于精准时间点,搭配介词at,符合“at接时间点”的规则。 2. We went camping and put up our tent ______ a warm afternoon last month. A. in B. on C. at 【答案】B 【解析】空格后的afternoon前面有修饰词a warm,特指“上个月一个温暖的下午”,属于特定某天的时段,搭配介词on,符合“on接具体某天相关时间”的规则。 3. My family plans to travel to Yunnan to see the old towns ______ the coming winter holiday. A. in B. on C. at 【答案】A 【解析】空格后是“即将到来的寒假”,属于一段较长的泛指时间段,搭配介词in,符合“in接较长时间段”的规则。 易错点02 相似动词辨析 take,bring与carry 【助记口诀】bring 拿来(朝说话人),take 拿走(离说话人),carry 搬运无方向。 精简版口诀:Bring 来,Take 去,Carry 负重随意移。 【错因辨析】 bring /brɪŋ/v. 带来;拿来 ✅ 方向:别处 → 说话人所在地(向我 / 此地移动) ▸ 短语:bring sth to sb ▸ 例句:Please bring your homework to school tomorrow.明天请把作业带到学校(带到学校,朝向说话者所在地点) take /teɪk/v. 带走;拿走 ✅ 方向:说话人所在地 → 别处(离开我 / 此地) ▸ 短语:take sth to sp ▸ 例句:Take this umbrella with you. It’s raining.带上这把伞(从我这里带走,去往别处) ❌ 学生最常见错误:场景分不清,混用 bring、take。 典型错题: (×)Bring the book to your home. (√)Take the book to your home. carry /ˈkæri/v. 搬运;提;扛;抱 ✅ 不强调方向!重点强调 “负重、手持、搬运” 这个动作 可来、可去、原地挪动均可;常接重物、箱子、包裹等。 ▸ 例句:The boy carries a heavy bag.这个男孩提着一个沉重的包。 【对点训练】 1.Please ______ your notebook to school tomorrow. Don’t leave it at home. A. bring  B. take  C. carry 【答案】B 【解析】take 表示 “带走”,方向是从说话人所在地去往别处。句意为明天把笔记本从家里带去学校,符合 take 的用法;bring 是朝向说话人带来,carry 只强调搬运,不侧重方向,故选 B。 2.Remember to ______ your new scarf here when you come to my house. A. take  B. bring  C. carry 【答案】B 【解析】bring 意为 “带来、拿来”,方向是别处来到说话人所在的地方。句中 here 以及 come 提示物品要带到我这里,因此用 bring。 3.The little girl ______ a basket full of fruit along the street. A. takes  B. brings  C. carries 【答案】C 【解析】carry 侧重 “提、扛、搬运”,不强调移动方向。本句只描述小女孩提着果篮这个动作,没有往返方向含义,选用 carry。 易错点03 形容词顺序 【错因辨析】 当多个形容词修饰名词时,顺序为:观点+大小+形状+年龄+颜色+来源+材料+用途+名词 a beautiful small round old brown Chinese wooden writing desk 【对点训练】 1.My mother bought a ______ scarf during the trip. A. beautiful red Chinese silk B. Chinese beautiful red silk C. red beautiful silk Chinese 【答案】A 【解析】遵循形容词顺序:beautiful(观点)→red(颜色)→Chinese(来源)→silk(材料),最后接名词 scarf,故选 A。 2.We saw a ______ tower in the ancient town. A. round small old stone B. small round old stone C. old small round stone 【答案】B 【解析】形容词排序:small(大小)→round(形状)→old(年龄)→stone(材料),修饰名词 tower,故选 B。 3.This is a ______ bag for travelling. A. comfortable big blue cotton B. big comfortable blue cotton C. comfortable blue big cotton 【答案】A 【解析】comfortable(观点)→big(大小)→blue(颜色)→cotton(材料),修饰名词 bag,符合排序规则,故选 A。 易错点04 too much, much too与too many 【做题辨析】 ① 后面是可数名词复数 → too many ② 后面是不可数名词 → too much ③ 后面是形容词 / 副词 → much too 【对点训练】 1.There is ______ rubbish on the beach after the vacation. A. too many B. too much C. much too 【答案】B 【解析】rubbish 为不可数名词。too many 后接可数名词复数;too much 后接不可数名词;much too 修饰形容词或副词。此处用 too much 修饰 rubbish,故选 B。 2.The mountain road is ______ dangerous to drive on. A. too many B. too much C. much too 【答案】C 【解析】空格后 dangerous 是形容词。much too 用来修饰形容词 / 副词,表示 “太……”;too many、too much 用来修饰名词,故选 C。 易错点05 spend / cost / take / pay 【助记口诀】人 spend,物 cost;it 作主语常用 take;pay 只能人做主,常和 for 搭配 【错因辨析】 spend (spent, spent)主语:人 结构:① sb. spend + 时间 / 金钱 on sth.② sb. spend + 时间 / 金钱 (in) doing sth. 例:I spent two hours on this trip./I spent much money buying gifts. cost (cost, cost)主语:事物、物品(不能是人)结构:sth. cost (sb.) + 金钱 例:The silk scarf cost me 100 yuan. take (took, taken) 常用形式:It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. it 为形式主语,真正主语是后面动作; 侧重 “花费时间”,极少用于花钱。 例:It took us three hours to arrive at the town. pay (paid, paid)主语:人结构:sb. pay (sb.) + 钱 for sth. 核心搭配 for,表示 “为某物付款” 例:I paid 80 yuan for the hotel room. 【对点训练】 1.The beautiful silk scarf ______ me 150 yuan. A. spent B. cost C. paid 【答案】B 【解析】主语 The beautiful silk scarf 是事物。cost 的主语为物品,表示某物花费某人金钱;spend 和 pay 的主语必须是人,故选 B。 2.It ______ us about four hours to reach the ancient town by bus. A. took B. spent C. paid 【答案】A 【解析】本句使用固定句型 It takes sb. some time to do sth.,it 作形式主语,表示花费时间;spend、pay 不能用 it 作主语,故选 A。 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1.The ________ (different) between the two pictures is obvious. 【答案】difference 【详解】句意:两张图片之间的差异是显而易见的。空格前有定冠词The,句中谓语是单数be动词is,说明空格处需要填单数名词作主语。different是形容词,意为“不同的”,此处应填其名词形式difference“差异、不同”。 2.Did you do ________ (something) special during the holiday? 【答案】anything 【详解】句意:假期里你做了什么特别的事吗?something一般用于肯定句;anything用于否定句和一般疑问句。本句是Did引导的一般疑问句,因此要把something改为anything。 3.He felt ________ (sick) after eating too much ice cream. 【答案】sick 【详解】句意:他吃了太多冰淇淋后感到不舒服。felt是系动词feel的过去式,系动词后接形容词作表语;sick本身是形容词,意为“恶心的、不舒服的”,无需变形。 4.Everyone should learn to protect ________ (they) when facing difficulties. 【答案】themselves 【详解】句意:每个人在面对困难时都应该学会保护自己。当动词的主语和宾语指代同一对象时,宾语需用反身代词。they对应的反身代词为themselves。 5.It rained heavily yesterday, so we ________ (have to) stay indoors. 【答案】had to 【详解】句意:昨天下大雨,所以我们不得不待在室内。时间状语yesterday提示应使用一般过去时,have to的过去式为had to,意为“不得不”。 6.My cousin learned to do experiments all by ________ (she). 【答案】herself 【详解】句意:我的表妹自学做实验。固定短语all by oneself意思是“独自、靠自己”;she对应的反身代词是herself。 7.Taking a walk in the park is a great way ________ (relax). 【答案】to relax 【详解】句意:在公园散步是放松的好方法。a great way to do sth.意为“一个做某事的好方法”,固定用法,故此处需填动词不定式to relax作后置定语修饰way。 8.To my surprise, he passed the exam ________ (easy). 【答案】easily 【详解】句意:令我惊讶的是,他轻松地通过了考试。空格修饰动词passed,需要用副词;easy是形容词,意为“容易的”,副词是easily。 9.He ________ (feel) tired after a long day of work. 【答案】felt 【详解】句意:漫长的一天工作过后,他感到疲惫。本句描述过去发生的感受,时态使用一般过去时;feel的过去式为felt,意为“感觉”。 10.I ________ (try) the new restaurant last night. 【答案】tried 【详解】句意:昨晚我去尝试了那家新餐厅。last night是一般过去时的时间状语,动词要用过去式。try的过去式为tried。 11.Taking a walk in the park is ________ (relax). 【答案】relaxing 【详解】句意:在公园里散步令人放松。此处主语是动名词短语“在公园散步”,指这件事本身,修饰事物要用-ing结尾的形容词;relaxing意为“令人放松的”,relaxed用来形容人“感到放松的”,因此填relaxing。 12.The ________ (photo) on the wall are beautiful. 【答案】photos 【详解】句意:墙上的照片很漂亮。句中be动词为are,说明主语是复数,photo的复数形式为photos。 13.Everyone ________ (say) she is the best teacher. 【答案】says 【详解】句意:每个人都说她是最好的老师。本句时态为一般现在时,主语Everyone为不定代词,视为第三人称单数,动词say应用三单形式says。 14.I can’t find my book ________ (somewhere). 【答案】anywhere 【详解】句意:我到处都找不到我的书。somewhere用于肯定句,意为“在某处”;anywhere用于否定句和疑问句,意为“任何地方”。句中有can’t,属于否定句,因此将somewhere 改为anywhere。 15.The ________ (building) in this area are very old. 【答案】buildings 【详解】句意:这个地区的建筑物非常古老。根据“The”及“are”提示,需填可数名词复数形式作主语。building的复数形式是buildings。 16.He ________ (see) the sunrise last Saturday. 【答案】saw 【详解】句意:上周六他看见了日出。句中“last Saturday”为过去的时间状语,提示动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。see为不规则动词,它的过去式为saw,故填saw。 17.She goes to her ________ (grandparents) home. 【答案】grandparents’ 【详解】句意:她去她祖父母的家。句中“home”为名词,前面需用名词所有格作定语修饰;“grandparents”是以s结尾的复数名词,其所有格形式直接在词尾加’,即grandparents’。 18.I feel ________ (boring) when I have nothing to do. 【答案】bored 【详解】句意:当我无事可做的时候,我感到无聊。主语是人“I”,feel后需要修饰人感受的形容词,boring用来形容事物令人乏味,形容人感到无聊的形容词形式为bored,意为“感到无聊的”。 19.This chair is very ________ (comfort). 【答案】comfortable 【详解】句意:这把椅子非常舒适。空处位于系动词is后,应填写提示词的形容词形式comfortable,意为“舒适的”,作表语。 20.We ________ (fight) against the bad weather yesterday. 【答案】fought 【详解】句意:昨天我们和恶劣天气作斗争。 yesterday为一般过去时标志,fight的过去式为fought;fight against为固定搭配,意为“对抗、与……作斗争”。故填fought。 二、单项选择 21.The view from the top of the mountain ________ my breath away yesterday. A.took B.takes C.taking D.take 【答案】A 【详解】句意:昨天,山顶的景色美得让我惊叹不已。固定短语:take one’s breath away表示 “令人惊叹”,句中有时间状语“yesterday”,提示动作发生在过去,需用一般过去时,谓语动词要用过去式,应填took。 22.—Would you please ________ the fish? —All right, I’m coming. A.feed B.to feed C.feeding 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——请你喂一下鱼好吗?——好的,我来了。“Would you please”是表示礼貌请求的固定句型,其后接动词原形。 23.There is ________ wrong with my camera. It doesn’t work. I need to buy a new one. A.everything B.something C.anything D.nothing 【答案】B 【详解】句意:我的相机出了点问题。它不能用了。我需要买一个新的。everything一切/所有;something某事/某物,用于肯定句;anything任何事物,常用于否定句或疑问句;nothing没有什么。根据后句“It doesn’t work.”可知相机出了问题,肯定句中用something表示“出了某种问题”。 24.—The first time I saw the Grand Canyon, its great scenery took _________ breath away. —So it did. I wish I could go there some day. A.my B.myself C.mine D.I 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——第一次看到大峡谷时,它壮丽的景色夺走了我的呼吸。——确实如此。我希望有一天能去那里。my我的;myself我自己;mine我的;I我。固定短语take one’s breath away意为“令某人惊叹”,空处修饰名词breath,需用形容词性物主代词,应填my。 25.He ________ at home and watched TV last night. A.stays B.stayed C.will stay D.is staying 【答案】B 【详解】句意:他昨晚待在家里看电视。根据时间状语“last night”可知动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时,且连词“and”连接并列谓语,形式需与“watched”保持一致。应填stayed。 26.— ________ was the weather like in Beijing? — It was sunny and warm. A.How B.Where C.When D.What 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——北京的天气什么样?——天气晴朗且温暖。How如何;Where哪里;When什么时候;What什么。询问天气的常用句型为“How is the weather?”或“What is the weather like?”。根据题干中的“like”可知,应用What提问。 27.Don’t forget ________ your camera. We can take many photos. A.to bring B.bringing C.bring D.brings 【答案】A 【详解】句意:别忘了带上你的相机。我们可以拍很多照片。forget to do sth.忘记去做某事,指动作未发生;forget doing sth.忘记做过某事,指动作已发生。根据“Don’t forget... We can take many photos.”可知,是提醒对方要做带相机这件事,动作尚未发生,应用不定式结构。应填to bring。 28.—Did you go with anyone? —Yes, I went there ________ my cousin. A.for B.to C.with D.at 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你和任何人一起去的吗?——是的,我和我表亲一起去的。for为了;to到;with和……一起;at在。根据上文“Did you go with anyone?”及答语“Yes”可知,此处表示“和……一起”,应填with。 29.It ________ me two hours to finish my homework last night. A.spent B.paid C.took D.cost 【答案】C 【详解】句意:昨天晚上完成作业花费了我两个小时。spent花费;paid支付;took花费;cost花费。spent主语通常是人,常用结构为sb spend time on sth/in doing sth;paid主语是人,常用结构为sb pay for sth;cost主语是物,通常指花费金钱;took常用于It takes/took sb+时间+to do sth 句型,表示“做某事花费某人多长时间”。根据题干“It...me two hours to finish...”及时间状语“last night”可知,此处符合It took sb time to do sth结构。 30.The weather was ________ hot ________ we stayed in the hotel all afternoon. A.too; to B.so; that C.such; that D.as; as 【答案】B 【详解】句意:天气如此炎热,以至于我们整个下午都待在酒店里。 too…to…意为“太……而不能……”,to后只能接动词原形;so…that…意为“如此……以至于……”,so后接形容词或副词,that后接从句;such…that…意为“如此……以至于……”,such后面要搭配名词;as…as…意为“和……一样……”,用于同级比较,不符合本句语义。句中hot为形容词,后接从句,应填so;that。 31.My family went to the beach ________ vacation last summer. A.in B.on C.at D.for 【答案】B 【详解】句意:去年夏天我们全家去海滩度假了。in在……里面;on在……上;at在……;for为了。短语on vacation意为“度假”,是初中英语常见搭配,符合句意。故选B。 32.—How was your summer vacation? —It was ________. I visited the Great Wall and took many photos. A.friendly B.delicious C.fantastic D.boring 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你的暑假过得怎么样?——它很精彩。我参观了长城并拍了许多照片。 friendly友好的;delicious美味的;fantastic极好的,精彩的;boring无聊的。根据“I visited the Great Wall and took many photos.”可知,参观长城并拍照,说明假期很精彩,fantastic“精彩的”符合语境。 33.Did Lisa tell you ________ in the letter? A.interesting anything B.anything interesting C.something interesting 【答案】B 【详解】句意:丽萨在信里告诉你有趣的事情了吗?不定代词anything常用于疑问句或否定句,something常用于肯定句,本句为一般疑问句,应用anything,排除C;形容词修饰不定代词时要放在不定代词之后,排除A。故选B。 34.—Listen! ________ is singing next door. —But I can’t see ________. Maybe it is a video. A.Everyone, someone B.Someone, anyone C.Anyone, anyone 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——听!有人在隔壁唱歌。——但我看不见任何人。可能是视频。 someone某人;anyone任何人;everyone每个人。第一空所在句为肯定句,表示“有(某个)人”,用someone;第二空所在句为否定句,用anyone。 35.I felt ________ when I heard the ________ news that eight pupils in Chongqing drowned (溺水) in one day. A.surprised; surprising B.surprised; surprised C.surprising; surprised 【答案】A 【详解】句意:当我听到重庆八名小学生一天内溺水的令人惊讶的消息时,我感到很惊讶。 surprised感到惊讶的;surprising令人惊讶的。第一空主语是人,表示人的感受,应用surprised;第二空修饰名词news,表示事物的性质,应用surprising。应填surprised;surprising。 三、完成句子 36.昨晚我们欢聚在一起唱歌。 We ________ ________ to sing songs last night. 【答案】 got together 【详解】原句中“欢聚在一起”是关键词,表示“欢聚在一起”的短语是get together。last night是过去时间标志,本句为一般过去时,get的过去式为got。故填got;together。 37.这张照片使我想起黄山之旅。 The photo ________ me ________ the trip to Huangshan. 【答案】 reminds of 【详解】原句中“使我想起”是关键词,表示“使某人想起……”的固定短语是remind sb. of sth.。本句为一般现在时,主语The photo是单数名词,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式reminds。故填reminds;of。 38.这次旅行让我的假期很有意义。 This trip ________ my holiday very ________. 【答案】 made meaningful 【详解】原句中“让……有意义”是关键词,该句符合使役动词make的固定用法“make+宾语+形容词”,意为“使……变得……”。这句话描述已经结束的旅行,要用一般过去时,make的过去式是made;“有意义的”对应的形容词为meaningful,所以两个空依次填made;meaningful。 39.我们在当地品尝了特色美食。 We ________ special local food there. 【答案】tasted 【详解】原句中“品尝”是关键词,“品尝”对应的英文为动词taste,句中“了”表示动作已经完成,且语境通常指过去的经历,因此需要使用一般过去时,taste的过去式为tasted。 40.那里的风景十分迷人。 The ________ there was very ________. 【答案】 landscape charming 【详解】原句中“风景”和“迷人”是关键词,“风景”可译为landscape,谓语动词为“was”,这里用名词单数形式;“迷人”对应形容词charming,在句中作系动词“was”的表语。故填landscape;charming。 41.我们计划去乡村旅行。 We plan to _______________ to the countryside. 【答案】go on a trip 【详解】原句中“旅行”是关键词,go on a trip“旅行”,plan to do sth.“计划做某事”,此处用动词原形。 42.我们拍了许多漂亮的照片。 We ______________ beautiful photos. 【答案】took a lot of 【详解】原句中“拍了许多”是关键词,表示“拍照”用短语take photos,“拍了”表示动作发生在过去,时态用一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式,take的过去式是不规则变化took;修饰复数名词“photos”可用a lot of表示“许多”。 43.我们在那里待了五天。 We ______________ for five days. 【答案】stayed there 【详解】原句中“在那里待了”是关键词。“那里”对应英文“there”,“待”对应“stay”,且描述过去发生的事,时态用一般过去时,“stay”的过去式为“stayed”。故填stayed there。 44.他在电子游戏上花了太多钱。He ________ too much ________ ________ video games. 【答案】 spent money on 【详解】原句中“花了钱”和“在……上”是关键词,固定短语为spend…on…表示“在某物上花费时间/金钱”。根据中文句意“花了”可知动作发生在过去,需使用一般过去时,动词spend的过去式形式为spent;“太多钱”对应的英文为too much money,其中money为不可数名词;在表示“在……上(花费)”时需填入介词on。 45.她喜欢在阳光下读书。 She likes to read a book ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 in the sun 【详解】原句中的“在阳光下”是关键词。“在阳光下”对应固定短语in the sun,故填in;the;sun。 四、完形填空 阅读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳选项。 Last summer vacation, I went to Sanya with my family. It was my first time to go there, so I was very 46 . Sanya is a beautiful city with long beaches and blue sea. On the first day, we 47 to the beach. The weather was sunny and hot. My brother and I 48 in the sea for a long time. My parents walked on the beach and 49 many photos. In the evening, we had seafood for dinner. It was very 50 . On the second day, we visited a big 51 . There were many kinds of trees and flowers there. We saw some monkeys 52 in the trees. They were very cute. We also went boating on a lake in the park. On the last day, we went shopping. My mother bought some 53 for her friends. I bought some beautiful shells as gifts 54 my classmates. It was a great vacation. We 55 a good time there. I hope to go there again next year. 46.A.sad B.excited C.bored D.tired 47.A.went B.go C.will go D.are going 48.A.walked B.ran C.swam D.played 49.A.took B.made C.got D.brought 50.A.terrible B.delicious C.expensive D.cheap 51.A.zoo B.library C.park D.hospital 52.A.jumping B.singing C.dancing D.sleeping 53.A.books B.food C.clothes D.gifts 54.A.to B.for C.with D.from 55.A.had B.took C.made D.gave 【答案】 46.B 47.A 48.C 49.A 50.B 51.C 52.A 53.D 54.B 55.A 【导语】本文讲述了作者去年暑假和家人去三亚旅行的经历。包括在海边玩耍、参观公园、购物等活动,表达了作者对这次假期的喜爱之情。 【详解】46.句意:这是我第一次去那里,所以我非常兴奋。 前文提到第一次去三亚游玩,心情应当愉悦激动,excited“兴奋的”,符合语境;sad“难过的”、bored“无聊的”、tired“疲惫的”均不符合初次出游的开心心情。 47.句意:第一天,我们去了海滩。 全文时态为一般过去时,描述去年暑假发生的事,go的过去式是went;go一般现在时、will go一般将来时、are going现在进行时表将来,时态均不匹配。 48.句意:我和弟弟在海里游了很长时间。 地点是in the sea(在海里),对应的动作是swam“游泳”;walked“走路”、ran“跑步”不符合海里场景;played表意宽泛,不如swam贴合大海。 49.句意:我的父母在沙滩散步,拍了很多照片。 take photos表示“拍照”,take过去式took;made“制作”、got“得到”、brought“带来”均不能和photos搭配表示拍照。 50.句意:晚餐我们吃了海鲜,味道十分美味。 用来形容海鲜的口感味道,delicious“美味的”符合语境;terrible“难吃的”表意相反,expensive“昂贵的”、cheap“便宜的”侧重价格,不形容食物味道。 51.句意:第二天,我们参观了一个大公园。 后文提到里面有花草树木、猴子、湖泊划船,对应地点park“公园”;zoo“动物园”侧重动物,library“图书馆”、hospital“医院”,与后文场景不符。 52.句意:我们看见一些猴子在树上跳来跳去。 猴子在树上典型动作是jumping“跳跃”;singing“唱歌”、dancing“跳舞”、sleeping“睡觉”,不符合猴子活泼的状态。 53.句意:妈妈给她的朋友们买了一些礼物。 后文作者也买贝壳当作礼物,前后呼应,gifts“礼物”符合;books“书本”、food“食物”、clothes“衣服”,后文无对应提示。 54.句意:我买了漂亮贝壳当作礼物送给我的同学们。 固定搭配buy sth. as gifts for sb.表示“买某物作为礼物送给某人”;to、with、from均不能和gifts搭配表达赠送对象。 55.句意:我们在那里玩得很开心。 have a good time表示“玩得愉快”,全文过去时态,have过去式had;took、made、gave无法构成该固定搭配。 五、选词填空 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,请将答案写在答题卡对应题目的答题位置上。 told   luck   happily   but   meaning   photo   one   share   for   pick Hello, everyone. I’d like to 56 my holiday activities with you. My parents and I had a trip to Maiji Mountain this summer holiday. It was the 57 time for me to get there. So I was really excited. It was a sunny day. The fresh air made us feel comfortable. We really enjoyed the beautiful views of the mountain and couldn’t wait to take some 58 . We decided to climb the mountains and enjoy the clouds closely. Then we saw the Maiji Mountain Grottoes (石窟). Maiji Mountain Grottoes is famous 59 its wonderful art. The big stones are as high as 16 meters, 60 the smallest ones are only 10 centimeters. We felt 61 to see the art. Later, on the way to the top of it, we saw many people 62 up rubbish. My mum 63 me that everybody can do something to protect the environment (环境). Then I did the same thing as them 64 . The trip to Maiji Mountain made me realize the power (力量) of nature and the importance of keeping the environment clean. I will never forget this wonderful and 65 trip. 【答案】 56.share 57.first 58.photos 59.for 60.but 61.lucky 62.picking 63.told 64.happily 65.meaningful 【导语】本文主要讲述了“我”和父母暑假去麦积山旅行的一段经历。 【详解】56.句意:我想和你们分享我的假期活动。根据横线后“my holiday activities with you”可知,此处需要填写表示“与某人分享某物”的动词。“share sth. with sb.”是固定搭配,且“would like to”后接动词原形,share符合语境。 57.句意:这是我第一次去那里。根据横线前“the”和横线后“time”可知,此处需要填写序数词表示“第几次”。所给词“one”是基数词,需要改写为序数词“first”。 58.句意:我们真的很欣赏这座山的美丽景色,迫不及待地想拍一些照片。根据横线前“take some”可知,此处需要填写名词,“take photos”是固定短语表示“拍照”,some后接可数名词复数形式。 59.句意:麦积山石窟以其精美的艺术而闻名。根据横线前“famous”和横线后“its wonderful art”可知,此处考查“be famous for...”的固定搭配,表示“因……而闻名”。故填for。 60.句意:大的石头高达16米,但最小的只有10厘米。根据前半句“The big stones are as high as 16 meters”和后半句“the smallest ones are only 10 centimeters”可知,前后句存在转折关系。所给词中“but”是转折连词,符合语境。 61.句意:看到这些艺术作品,我们感到很幸运。根据横线前“felt”可知,此处需要填写形容词作表语。所给词“luck”是名词,需要改写为形容词“lucky”。 62.句意:后来,在去山顶的路上,我们看到许多人在捡垃圾。根据横线后“up rubbish”可知,此处考查“pick up”的固定短语,表示“捡起”。又因为“see sb. doing sth.”表示“看见某人正在做某事”,所以pick需要改写为picking。 63.句意:我妈妈告诉我,每个人都可以做些事情来保护环境。根据横线后“me that everybody can do something...”可知,此处需要填写表示“告诉某人某事”的动词,“tell sb. that...”是常用句式。又因为全文叙述的是过去发生的事,过去式told符合语境。 64.句意:然后我也高兴地做了和他们一样的事情。根据横线前“did the same thing as them”可知,此处需要填写副词来修饰动词“did”。所给词“happily”是副词,表示“高兴地”,符合语境。 65.句意:我永远不会忘记这次精彩而有意义的旅行。根据横线前“wonderful and”和横线后“trip”可知,此处需要填写与“wonderful”并列的形容词来修饰名词“trip”。所给词“meaning”是名词,需要改写为形容词“meaningful”。 六、短文填空 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的词,或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 My name is Eric. Last July, I went to Walt Disney World Resort in Orlando, Florida. It was an enjoyable trip 66 I spent time with my family. I went there with my dad, mum, brother and sister. We had 67 (lot) of fun there. We 68 (drive) my dad’s new car to Florida. It was a long trip but I enjoyed 69 (me). There were so many old 70 (build) along the way. We went 71 a dinner show—Jolly Holiday. It had funny people and lots of singing. We enjoyed it. I went on rides 72 my dad, brother and sister. We went to Splash Mountain. We went through a tunnel (隧道). We saw different Disney characters. My mum took 73 (photo) of me with different Disney characters. We saw Cinderella at the Magic Kingdom. She gave a show with her friends. At the Beach Club Resort, my family saw Chip and Dale. They walked around 74 (meet) everyone. 75 an interesting trip! 【答案】 66.because 67.lots 68.drove 69.myself 70.buildings 71.to 72.with 73.photos 74.to meet 75.What 【导语】文章主要讲述了作者Eric去年7月和家人一起去佛罗里达州奥兰多迪士尼世界度假的愉快经历。 【详解】66.句意: 这是一次愉快的旅行,因为我和家人在一起度过了这段时光。前半句“旅途开心”,后半句解释开心的原因,存在因果逻辑,故填引导原因状语从句的连词because。 67.句意: 我们在那里玩得非常开心。固定搭配lots of意为“许多”,后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词;have lots of fun表示“玩得十分开心”。 68.句意: 我们开着我爸爸的新车去了佛罗里达州。时间标志“Last July”提示全文动作发生在过去,句子使用一般过去时,drive的过去式是drove。 69.句意: 这是一趟长途旅行,但我玩得很开心。enjoy oneself表示“玩得开心”,主语是I,对应反身代词myself。 70.句意: 沿途有许多古老的建筑物。“many”后接可数名词复数,build是动词,对应的名词是building“建筑物”,复数形式是buildings。 71.句意: 我们去看了一场名为“欢乐假日”的晚餐秀。固定搭配“go to + 演出/活动”表示前去观看节目,go 是不及物动词,后接活动类宾语需加介词to。 72.句意: 我和爸爸、哥哥、姐姐一起玩了游乐设施。此处表示“和家人一起乘坐游乐项目”,表示“和……一起”用介词with。 73.句意: 我妈妈给我拍了很多照片,都是我和不同的迪士尼角色的合影。photo是可数名词,拍照不止一张,用复数形式photos,take photos of是固定搭配表示“给……拍照”。 74.句意: 他们四处走动,是为了见每一个人。此处用不定式表目的,角色四处走动是为了见游客,故填to meet。 75.句意: 多么有趣的一次旅行啊!此处感叹名词短语“an interesting trip”,符合“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数!”的感叹句结构,句首大写,故填What。 七、补全对话 根据下面的对话情景,在空白处填入一个适当的句子,使对话的意思连贯、完整。 (Li Jing and David are talking in front of the teaching building.) Li Jing: Hi, David. How are you? David: Hi, Li Jing. I’m fine, thank you. Li Jing: 76 David: It was fantastic. I had a lot of fun during the summer holiday. Li Jing: 77 David: I went to Hainan with my family. Li Jing: What did you do there? David: I played on the beach and ate lots of delicious food. Li Jing: 78 David: What about you? 79 Li Jing: No, I just stayed at home to relax. But it was still fun. David: Ya Ming’s birthday is coming. I want to buy a gift for him. Could you go to the shop with me this afternoon? Li Jing: 80 Let’s meet after school. 【答案】 76. How was your summer holiday? 77. Where did you go? 78. Sounds great! 79. Did you go anywhere? 80.Sure. 【导语】本文两人围绕暑假经历展开交流,最后邀约放学后去商店买礼物,以一般过去时询问假期、一般现在时邀约为主。 【详解】76.根据下文David的回答“It was fantastic. I had a lot of fun during the summer holiday.”可知,Li Jing询问的是David的暑假过得怎么样,且时态为一般过去时,可用“How was your summer holiday?”提问,符合句子问答逻辑。 77.根据下文David的回答“I went to Hainan with my family.”可知,Li Jing询问的是David去了哪里,用疑问句“Where did you go?”询问假期去向,符合句子问答逻辑。 78.上文David描述了他在海滩玩耍和吃美食的愉快经历,此处Li Jing应对此表示赞叹或认同,“Sounds great! ”自然过渡到对方的假期情况。 79.根据下文Li Jing的回答“No, I just stayed at home...”可知,David询问的是Li Jing是否外出度假了,且需用一般疑问句以便对方用Yes/No回答,“Did you go anywhere?”符合要求。 80.上文David邀请Li Jing一起去商店买礼物,下文Li Jing提议“ Let’s meet after school.”,说明她同意了邀请,“Sure.”表示同意。 八、任务型阅读 Many people are tired of going to busy tourist places during their holidays. So, they are trying something new: mushroom (蘑菇)-picking. It is a new and exciting way to take a break from their busy lives and enjoy nature. To meet tourists’ needs, Youyunnan, an app for visitors to Yunnan Province, has two mushroom-picking activities for visitors. One guides visitors to pick mushrooms. In the other, tourists can enjoy picking local tea, eating local mushrooms and visiting a wild mushroom market as well as picking mushrooms. A 35-year-old teacher Mrs Li took a day trip from Guangxi to Kunming. “My child loves mushrooms and we bought many books about them. That’s why we visited Kunming to help my child see the wonders of nature,” Li said. They greatly enjoyed the activity and learned a lot. They learned to pick mushrooms. They also learned to tell if mushrooms were safe. They had a good time. 81.Why are many people trying mushroom-picking during their holidays? 82.How many mushroom-picking activities are there for visitors with the app Youyunnan? 83.What did Li and her family think of the mushroom-picking activity? 84.Do you like to experience mushroom-picking? Why or why not? 【答案】81.Because they are tired of busy tourist places, and mushroom-picking is a new, exciting way to break from busy lives and enjoy nature. 82.Two. 83.They greatly enjoyed it, learned a lot and had a good time. 84.Yes, I do. Because it can help me get close to nature and learn something new about mushrooms. 【导语】本文介绍了当下流行的假期新活动——采蘑菇,以及云南旅游APP“游云南”推出的相关活动,还讲述了李老师一家参与采蘑菇活动的体验。 【详解】81.第一段中“Many people are tired of going to busy tourist places during their holidays. So, they are trying something new: mushroom-picking. It is a new and exciting way to take a break from their busy lives and enjoy nature”,说明人们厌倦了拥挤的旅游地,而采蘑菇是能逃离忙碌、享受自然的新奇放松方式。因此答案是:Because they are tired of busy tourist places, and mushroom-picking is a new, exciting way to break from busy lives and enjoy nature. 82.第二段中“Youyunnan... has two mushroom-picking activities for visitors”,表明“游云南”APP为游客提供了两项采蘑菇活动。因此答案是:Two. 83.第四段中“They greatly enjoyed the activity and learned a lot... They had a good time”,体现出李老师一家非常喜欢这个活动,不仅学到了知识,还玩得很开心。因此答案是:They greatly enjoyed it, learned a lot and had a good time. 84.这是开放性题目,示例:Yes, I do. Because it can help me get close to nature and learn something new about mushrooms.(或No, I don’t. Because I’m not sure about the safety of wild mushrooms.) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 1 Happy Holiday(知识清单)英语新教材人教版八年级上册
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Unit 1 Happy Holiday(知识清单)英语新教材人教版八年级上册
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Unit 1 Happy Holiday(知识清单)英语新教材人教版八年级上册
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