Unit 4 Space Exploration-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第三册（人教版）

Unit 4 Space Exploration 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： space space exploration explore exploration astronaut cosmonaut spacecraft spaceship satellite orbit launch rocket missile capsule crew commander command control in control of out of control gravity gravitational weight weightless weightlessness float orbit circle 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 explore 释义：t.&i.探索；勘探：探究 /ik'spl:(r)/ 词汇变形：exploration(n)探索；explorer(n)探索者；exploratory (adj)探索性的 搭配：explore the possibility探索可能性；explore space探索太 空；explore a region勘探一个地区 辨析：explore强调实地或系统地考察未知领域；investigate侧重调 查原因或真相：probe指深入探究问题或秘密。 例句：Scientists are exploring new ways to treat the disease. 科学家正在探索治疗这种疾病的新方法。 It is exciting to explore the unknown universe. 探索未知宇宙令人兴奋。 The team explored the cave for hidden treasure. 该团队探索了洞穴寻找隐藏的宝藏。 exploration 释义∶n.探索；勘探：探究 /.ekspls'reIfn/ 词汇变形：explore(v.);explorer(.) 搭配：space exploration太空探索；exploration of oil石油勘探； further exploration进一步探究 辨析：exploration指对未知领域的系统考察；research偏重学术研 究；investigation偏重调查。 例句：The exploration of Mars has been a dream for decades. 火星探索是几十年的梦想。 The exploration ofnatural resources must be done carefully. 自然资源的勘探必须谨慎进行。 orbit 释义：n.轨道；vt&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕…运行 /'o:bit/ 词汇变形：orbital(adj)轨道的；orbiter(n,)轨道飞行器 搭配：in orbit在轨道上；put.into orbit把…送入轨道；orbit around环绕…运行 辨析：orbit特指天体或航天器运行的轨道：circle泛指围绕某物做圆 周运动；revolve指旋转运动，常与around连用。 例句：The satellite was launched into orbit around Earth. 这颗卫星被发射到环绕地球的轨道上。 The moon orbits the Earth every 27.3 days. 月球每27.3天绕地球运行一周。 launch 释义：vt.发射；发起；创办；n.发射；发行；投放市场 /lontf/ 词汇变形：launcher(n)发射装置；launching (n)发射：启动 搭配：launch a rocket/satellite发射火箭/卫星；launch a campaign/project发起运动/项目；launch a product推出产品： launch pad发射台 辨析：launch强调将物体发射上天或开始一项新计划；start最通 用；initiate较正式。 例句：The country plans to launch a new spacecraft next year. 该国计划明年发射一艘新的宇宙飞船。 The company launched a new smartphone last week. 该公司上周推出了一款新智能手机。 gravity 释义：n.重力：引力：严重性 /'graevati/ 词汇变形：gravitational(adj)重力的；gravitate(v)受引力吸引 搭配：center of gravity重心；g1 ravity field引力场；the gravity of the situation局势的严重性 辨析：gravity指物理上的引力或严重性；seriousness指严肃或严 重，但无物理学含义。 例句：Gravity keeps us on the ground. 重力使我们保持在地面上。 He didn't realize the gravity of the mistake 他没有意识到这个错误的严重性。 6 gravitational 释义：adj.重力的：引力的 .graevI'terfanl/ 词汇变形：gravity(m);gravitation(m)万有引力 搭配：gravitational force引力；gravitational field引力场； gravitational pull引力牵引 例句：The spacecraft was affected by the Moon's gravitational pull 宇宙飞船受到了月球引力的影响。 Gravitational waves were first observed in 2015. 引力波于2015年首次被观测到。 weightless 释义：adj.失重的：无重量的 /'wertlas/ 词汇变形：weightlessness(.);weight(.v.) 搭配：feel weightless感觉失重；weightless environment失重环境 辨析：weightless指不受重力影响的状态；ight指重量轻。 例句：Astronauts train in a weightless environment. 宇航员在失重环境中训练： In space,everything becomes weightless. 在太空中，一切都变得失重。 weightlessness 释义：n.失重 /'weitlasnas/ 词汇变形：weightless(adj);weight(n./v.) 搭配：experience weightlessness体验失重；the state of weightlessness失重状态 例句：The crew adapted to weightlessness after a few days. 几天后机组人员适应了失重状态。 Weightlessness can cause health problems for astronauts. 失重会对宇航员造成健康问题。 float 释义：vi.&vt.漂浮；浮动：飘动：n.漂浮物：浮板 /fleut/ 词汇变形：f1 loating(adj)漂浮的：flotation(n.)浮选；浮动 搭配：float on water浮在水面上；float in the air在空中飘浮；float away飘走 辨析：foat多指浮于液体或空气中：dift指随风或水流漂动：hover 指悬停。 例句：The astronauts float freely inside the space station.. 宇航员在空间站内自由漂浮。 Leaves float on the surface of the pond. 树叶漂浮在池塘表面。 10 control 释义：t.&n.控制：支配；管理 an'traul/ 词汇变形：controller)控制器；可控的controllable(adj); uncontrollable(adj)不可控的 搭配：in control of控制着；out of control失控；nder control在 控制中；take control of接管：control oneself自制 辨析：control强调支配力；manage侧重管理；regulate强调调节。 例句：The pilot lost control of the aircraft. 飞行员失去了对飞机的控制。 You need to control your temper. 你需要控制自己的脾气。 11 command 释义：t.&n.命令：指挥：控制 a'ma:nd/ 词汇变形：commander(n)指挥官；commanding(adj.)指挥的；威 严的 搭配：in command(of)指挥；take command of指挥；command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事；have a good command of精通 辨析：command指正式权威命令；order可指任何指示；instruction 指指导。 例句：The general commanded the troops to advance. 将军命令部队前进。 She has a good command of English. 她精通英语。 12 crew 释义：n.全体机组人员；全体船员：一群人 kru:/ 词汇变形：crew member船员/乘员；crewman()船员 搭配：a crew of.一组…；crew member工作人员；the flight crew全体机组人员 辨析：crew指集体人员，单数形式但可作复数用：staff指全体职 员；team指团队。 例句：The crew of the spacecraft consisted of three astronauts. 宇宙飞船的机组人员由三名宇航员组成。 The rescue crew arrived quickly 救援队迅速到达。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（共12小题） 1.The organization aims to explore the (possible)of building a base on the Moon. 2.Many countries are actively involved in space (explore). 3.The satellite was placed orbit after a successful launch. 4.Scientists are studying the (gravity)pull of the black hole 5.Astronauts have to undergo intensive training to adapt weightlessness 6.The spaceship (launch)from Cape Canaveral last Monday. 7.The (weight)of the equipment must be reduced to save fuel. 8.In a (weight)environment,liquids form into floating spheres. 9.The pilot managed to bring the situation control 10.The commander gave a clear (command)to the crew. 11.The entire (crew)of the spacecraft was trained for emergency. 12.The astronauts felt as if they were (float)in a dream. (二)单句表达（共8小题） 1.中国计划下一步探索火星。 China plans to in the next step. 2这颗卫星被成功送入地球轨道。 The satellite was successfully put Earth. 3火箭于今天上午按时发射。 The rocket this morning on time 4宇航员在太空中完全失重。 Astronauts are completely in space. 5这种机器能漂浮在水面上。 This kind of machine can the water 6指挥官命令全体机组人员立即撤离。 The commander the crew evacuate immediately. 7.他已经完全控制住了局势。 He has taken full the situation. 8你意识到这个错误的严重性了吗？ Do you realize the the mistake? (三)短文填空（共12小题） Last year,I watched a documentary about space 1._ (explore).It showed how astronauts 2. (aunch)into space and lived in a 3. (weight)condition.I was amazed that they could 4. (float)freely inside the space station.The film also explained that 5. (gravity)pull on the Moon is much weaker than on Earth.To get into 6. (orbit),a spacecraft must reach a very high speed.The 7. (command)ofthe mission gave clear 8. (command)to the 9. (crew) before the launch.The documentary made me realize how challenging it is to 10 (control)a spacecraft in such extreme conditions.It also showed the importance of 11. (explore)the unknown universe.I hope that one day I can experience 12. (weightless)myself. 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.possibility;2.exploration;3.into;4.gravitational;5.to;6.was launched;7.weight; 8.weightless;9.under;10.command;11.crew;12.floating (二)单句表达 1.explore Mars;2.into orbit around;3.was launched on schedule;4.weightless;5.float on;6.commanded;to;7.control of;8.gravity of (三)短文填空 1.exploration;2.are launched /were launched;3.weightless;4.float;5.gravitational; 6.orbit;7.commander;8.commands;9.crew;10.control;11.exploring; 12.weightlessness