Unit 5 Humans and Nature-2026-2027学年高中英语词汇精讲精练必修第二册（北师大版）

Unit 5 Humans and Nature 词汇精讲精练 核心词汇概览： whirlpool wave escape survive float;file descent tidal poetry mystery soul frightened horrible edge on the edge of;*barrel curious observation equal extent tube 词汇精讲 序号 单词/短语 词汇讲解 escape 释义：vi.&vt.逃离；逃避 /I'skeip/ 词汇变形：escapee(n)逃亡者；escapism(n)逃避现实；escapist (adj.)逃避现实的 搭配：escape from..从…逃跑；escape doing sth.逃避做某事；a narrow escape九死一生；escape one's notice逃过某人的注意 易混辨析：escape强调成功脱离危险或束缚；flee强调匆忙逃离但 不一定成功：avoid强调有意避开（不一定有危险） 例句：The prisoner managed to escape from the prison under the cover of darkness. 囚犯在夜色掩护下成功越狱。 You cannot escape being punished if you break the law. 如果你违法，就无法逃避惩罚。 2 survive 释义：i.&vt.活下来；幸存 /sa'varv/ 词汇变形：survival(n)幸存：survivor(n.)幸存者；surviving(adj) 活着的，幸存的 搭配：survive sth.从…中幸存（及物)；survive on.靠…存 活；survive the earthquake在地震中幸存 易混辨析：survive指经历危险后继续活着；outlive指活得比… 久；exist仅指存在 例句：Only a few passengers survived the plane crash. 只有少数乘客在飞机失事中幸存。 The old man survived on a small pension. 这位老人靠微薄的养老金生活。 float 释义：vi浮：漂 /flaut/ 词汇变形：floating(adj,)漂浮的；floatation(n)浮选；漂浮 搭配：float on/mn.漂浮在…上/中；float across..漂过…； float away漂走 易混辨析：float指在液体或气体中漂浮；dift指随水流或气流漂动 (常含被动意味)；swim指人或动物主动游动 例句：Wood floats on water. 木头浮在水上。 The clouds floated across the sky. 云彩飘过天空。 descent 释义：n.下降，下落 /dr'sent/ 词汇变形：descend(v)下降；descendant()后裔；descending (adj.)下降的 搭配：make a descent下降；steep descent陡峭的下坡；of. descent有…血统（如of French descent)) 易混辨析：descent强调下行的动作或路径；decline强调数量、质 量、力量的下降；fall常指意外跌落 例句：The plane began its descent towards the airport. 飞机开始向机场降落。 He is of Chinese descent. 他有中国血统。 tidal 释义：adj.潮汐的，潮水的 /'tardl/ 词汇变形：tide(n)潮汐；tidal wave (n.)海啸；滔天浪潮 搭配：idal energy潮汐能；tidal pool潮汐池；tidal flow潮汐流 易混辨析：tidal专指与潮汐有关的：oceanic海洋的（更广泛）； coastal沿海的 例句：Tidal energy is a renewable source of power. 潮汐能是一种可再生能源。 The tidal wave destroyed the entire village 海啸摧毁了整个村庄。 6 frightened 释义：ad.受惊的，害怕的 /'frartnd/ 词汇变形：frighten(v,)使害怕：frightening(adj)令人害怕的： fright(n)惊吓 搭配：be frightened of sth.害怕某物；be frightened to do sth.害怕 做某事；frighten sb.away吓跑某人 易混辨析：frightened指感到害怕（主语是人）；frightening指令人 害怕（主语是物）；scared非正式，口语化强 例句：The child was fiightened of the dark. 孩子害怕黑暗。 I was fiightened to speak in front of so many people. 我害怕在这么多人面前讲话。 horrible 释义：ad山.可怕的，吓人的 /'hprabl/ 词汇变形：horror)恐怖；horrify(v)使震惊；horrified(ad)震惊 的：horribly(adv,)可怕地 搭配：a horrible accident可怕的事故：horrible weather恶劣天气； feel horrible感到糟糕 易混辨析：horrible语气较强，常带有厌恶、震惊感；terrible通 用，可指糟糕、可怕：awfl口语化，常指极差的 例句：The smell was horrible 那气味很难闻。 I had a horrible dream last night. 昨晚我做了一个可怕的梦。 curious 释义：ad.好奇的 /'kjuarias/ 词汇变形：curiosity(n.)好奇心；curiously(adv.)好奇地 搭配：be curious about sth.对…好奇；be curious to do sth.很想 做某事；curious look好奇的眼神 易混辨析：curious中性或褒义（渴望求知）；nosy贬义（爱管闲 事)；interested感兴趣（程度较浅） 例句：Children are naturally curious about everything. 孩子们天生对一切充满好奇。 I'm curious to know what happened. 我很好奇发生了什么。 observation 释义：n.观察；观察结果 /.pbza'veifn/ 词汇变形：observe(v.)观察；observer(n.)观察者：observational (adj)观察的 搭配：nder observation在观察中；make an observation发表观察 意见；observation point观测点 易混辨析：observation强调有目的、系统的观察：inspection强调检 查、审视；survey强调调查、测量 例句：The scientist kept the patient under close observation. 科学家对病人进行了密切观察。 She made a sharp observation about the problem. 她对这个问题提出了尖锐的观察意见。 10 equal 释义：ad山j.相等的：相同的 /'ikwal/ 词汇变形：equally(adv)相等地；equality(m)平等；nequal(adj) 不平等的；equalize(v)使相等 搭配：be equal to等于；胜任；equal rights平等权利；onequal tems在平等条件下 易混辨析：equal指数量、程度、价值完全相同；same指同一事物 或完全一致（常加the);identical指每个细节都相同 例句：Women demand equal pay for equal work 女性要求同工同酬。 He is not equal to the task 他不能胜任这项任务。 11 extent 释义：n.面积长度；范围；程度 /ik'stent/ 词汇变形：extend(v.)延伸；扩展；extensive(adj.)广泛的； extension(n)延伸部分 搭配：to some extent在某种程度上；to a large extent在很大程度 上；the extent of..…的范围/程度 易混辨析：extent侧重程度、范围；degree侧重等级、刻度；iage 侧重变动范围 例句：To some extent,.she is right. 在某种程度上，她是对的。 The extent of the damage is unknown. 损坏程度尚不清楚。 12 on the edge of 释义：在…边缘；某事快要发生（尤指不好的事) 搭配：on the edge of the cliff在悬崖边缘；on the edge of bankruptcy濒临破产；on the edge of tears快要流泪 易混辨析：on the verge of语气更强，强调即将发生；on the brink of 常指危险或灾难的边缘 例句：The company is on the edge of collapse. 这家公司濒临倒闭。 She felt she was on the edge of a breakdown. 她感觉自己快要崩溃了。 二、专项训练 (一)单句填空（在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式） 1.The pilot managed to escape the burning plane just before it exploded. 2.Only two people survived the terrible earthquake. 3.The leaves floated the surface of the pond. 4.The plane began its (descend)towards the runway,and we could see the city below. 5.The (tide)wave caused great damage to the coastal villages 6.The little girl was so (frighten)that she couldn't say a word. 7.The food in that restaurant tasted (horrible);I will never go there again. 8.Children are always curious everything they see and hear. 9.The doctor kept the patient under careful (observe)after the operation. 10.In many countries,men and women should have (equal)rights 11. some extent,the success of the project depends on the weather. 12.The old man was the edge of death when the rescue team arrived. (二)单句表达（根据汉语提示，用本单元核心词汇/短语完成句子） 1.那个囚犯设法从戒备森严的监狱中逃了出来。 The prisoner managed to the heavily guarded prison 2.在这次空难中，只有三名乘客幸存下来。 Only three passengers the air crash. 3.红色的气球在蓝天中慢慢飘过。 The red balloon slowly the blue sky. 4.该飞机在降落过程中遇到了一阵强烈的湍流。 During its the plane encountered a strong turbulence. 5潮汐能被认为是一种清洁的可再生能源。 is considered a clean and renewable energy source 6她害怕在这么多人面前发表演讲。 She was speak in front of so many people. 7我对这个谜题的答案感到非常好奇。 I am very the answer to the puzzle. 8根据他的观察，这种鸟通常在黎明时分活动。 According to his this kind of bird is usually active at dawn (三)短文填空（阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形 式) Last week,our class went on a field trip to the coast,where we learned a lot about marine life One of the most impressive moments was when we watched a small piece of wood (float)on the sea.It looked so light and free.Later,our guide told us about the amazing ability of some animals to 2. (survive)in the deep ocean.For example,a kind of fish can live at depths where the pressure is 3. (equal)to hundreds oftons per square meter.While walking along the beach,we noticed a 4. (tide)pool full of tiny sea creatures.Everyone was 5. (curious)about them and kept asking questions. Our teacher asked us to make careful 6. (observe)and record what we saw. Suddenly,a large wave came and almost swept a classmate away.He had a narrow 7 (escape)and was really 8. (frighten)."That was a 9. horror) experience!"he said,shaking.Later,we discussed how human activities are pushing many sea animals 10. the edge ofextinction."We should do something 11. (equal) to protect the ocean,"our teacher said.To some 12. (extent),the future of marine life is in our hands.I decided to start my 13. (descend)into ocean protection by joining a local group 三、参考答案 (一)单句填空 1.from;2.from;3.on;4.descent;5.tidal;6.frightened;7horrible;8.about; 9.observation;10.equal;11.To;12.on (二)单句表达 1.escape from;2.survived;3.floated across;4.descent;5.Tidal energy;6.frightened to 7.curious about;8.observation (三)短文填空 1.float;2.survive;3.equal;4.tidal;5.curious;6.observation;7.escape;8.frightened; 9.horrible;10.on;11.equally;12.extent;13.descent