选择性必修第二册 课时冲关28 Unit 4 Breaking boundaries（教用版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（外研版）

高考总复习英语（外研版） 课时冲关28 Unit 4 学生用书 I.阅读理解 体裁：说明文 Total solar eclipses(日食)have scared peo- ple since time out of mind.The first record of one,preserved on a clay tablet found at Ugarit, once a trade city but destroyed later in Syria,is believed from its age and location to describe ei- ther an eclipse that happened in 1375 BC or one in 1223 BC.Legendary explanations for eclipses in- clude the Sun being eaten by dogs,frogs or drag- ons.The reality is not romantic.Why are total ones,like the one coming on April 8,so rare? Solar eclipses are a special case of phenome- na called transits and occultations,in which an intervening(介于中间的)heavenly body stops light from a star reaching an observer.If the blocking body appears smaller in the sky than the star,the result is called a transit and looks like a dark spot crossing the star's surface.If the bloc- king object appears larger than the star,the star disappears completely-an occultation.A total eclipse is an occultation. Solar eclipses may be either of these things, since the apparent sizes in the sky of the Sun and the Moon,viewed from Earth,are almost identi- cal.If the Moon orbited Earth in the same plane as Earth orbits the Sun,eclipses would happen every month,but would be total only in the trop- ics(热带地区).In reality,the average interval between total eclipses is 18 months,and they may be seen from time to time all over the world. The path of totality across Earth's surface is nar- row and the period short (a maximum of just over seven and a half minutes).Outside these bounda- ries,the Sun will appear partially eclipsed,loo- king like a pie that something has taken a bite from. The Great North American Eclipse,as it has been called,will be a sight to be hold on April 8. But it should also be cherished,because total eclipses of the Sun will not happen for ever.Tid- al friction(潮汐摩擦)causes the Moon to move away from Earth at 3.8 cm a year,making it ap- pear smaller and smaller in the sky.In 600 mil- lion years or so the last,short totality will occur. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了日 全食罕见的原因。 ·46 Breaking boundaries P378 话题：日全食罕见的原因 1.What does the clay tablet of Ugarit represent? A.Some figures of ancient animals. B.The Sun being eaten by some animals. C.Ancient people who were hunting for ani- mals. D.The earliest total solar eclipse recorded. 解析：D[推理判断题。根据第一段中“The first record of one,preserved...that happened in1375 BC or one in1223BC.”可知，Ugarit的 一块泥板描绘了第一次日全食的事实，这是有 记录以来最早的日全食。] 2.How does the author develop Paragraph 2? A.By listing statistics. B.By giving definitions. C.By giving examples. D.By analyzing cause and effect. 解析：B[推理判断题。根据第二段“Solar eclipses are a special case of phenomena called transits and...star disappears completely-an occultation.A total eclipse is an occultation." 可知，第二段主要阐释了transit(凌日)和oc cultation(掩星)两种自然现象，对这两种现象给 出了定义。门 3.What can we learn about total solar eclipses from Paragraph3？ A.Their duration is relatively longer. B.They take place every month actually. C.They are visible only from a narrow path. D.They look like a bite taken out of the Sun. 解析：C[推理判断题。根据第三段中“The path of totality across Earth's surface is nar- row and the period short (a maximum of just over seven and a half minutes).”可知，日全食 穿过地球表面的路径很窄，周期也很短（最长不 过7分半钟)。由此可推断，日全食可见的路 径窄。] 4.What makes total solar eclipses so rare? A.The moving-away Moon. B.The stronger tide on Earth. C.The smaller attraction of the Moon for Earth. D.The changing distance between the Sun and Earth. 解析：A[推理判断题。根据第四段中“Tidal friction(潮汐摩擦)causes the Moon to move away from Earth at 3.8 cm a year,making it appear smaller and smaller in the sky.”可知， 潮汐摩擦导致月球逐渐远离地球，使其在天空 中显得越来越小。由此可知，我们以后再想见 到日全食将会越来越难。门 Ⅱ.完形填空 体裁：记叙文 While a lot of undergraduates live with loud roommates,24-year-old Nikolai shares his home with over 600 noisy animals.It is no 1 he is continuously getting interrupted. Twenty years ago his parents bought a zoo in Denmark and started the first zoo and rescue cen- tre for animals.Two years ago his dad unfortu- nately 2 cancer and he was out on his own as a game developer.So he instantly came home again to his mother to 3 the zoo and attend to the 600 animals. Owning a zoo is busywork with Nikolai tak- ing on many 4 feeding,cleaning and playing with the animals.600 animals may sound like 5 but Nikolai actually wants the zoo to 6.He hopes to achieve his parents'goal and make it the greatest rescue centre for rare animals in all of Europe. "As it is a rescue zoo,everything 7 a little bit differently than it did in the 8 zoos. Because in general zoos,it usually has perfect an- imals.We feel a need and a(n)9 to help where we can.Thus,we 10 the zoo into a rescue zoo instead,"Nikolai once said.And that means taking in animals that has been treated 11 or has been in laboratories.And some of our animals may have some scars and some 12 that we have to deal with or treat. Having to support his mother and the zoo, Nikolai has come up with a 13 way to collect extra money:a mobile app game about the zoo. The game's 14 will go to various charities. Nikolai believes the money 15 will surely help realize his family's dream of making their rescue centre the biggest. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述 了Nikolai接手父母创办的动物园，致力于将其发 展成为欧洲最大的救援中心，并通过创新方式筹 集资金支持这一梦想。 1.A.use B.pleasure C.wonder D.possibility 解析：C[考查名词词义辨析。句意：难怪他总 是被打断。A.use用途；B.pleasure乐趣； C.wonder奇迹，惊奇，奇妙之处；D.possibility 可能性。根据前文“24-year-old Nikolai shares his home with over600 noisy animals.”可知， Nikolai和600多只吵闹的动物住在一起，所以 ·46 基础必备选择性必修第二册 话题：把动物园发展成为欧洲最大的救援中心 他总是被打断也就不足为奇了，it is no won- der..表示“难怪”。] 2.A.went through B.died of C.appealed to D.came across 解析：B[考查动词短语辨析。句意：两年前， 他的父亲不幸死于癌症，他独自成为了一名游 戏开发者。A.went through经历；B.died of死 于；C.appealed to呼吁；D.came across偶遇。 根据前文“unfortunately”及后文“cancer?”可知， 他的父亲是不幸死于癌症。] 3.A.construct B.decorate C.manage D.guard 解析：C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他立 刻又回到了母亲身边，帮忙管理动物园并照顾 600只动物。A.construct建造；B.decorate装 饰；C.manage管理；D.guard守卫。根据后文 “the zoo and attend to the600 animals'”可知， 他回到母亲身边是为了帮忙管理动物园。门 4.A.performances B.jobs C.projects D.events 解析：B[考查名词词义辨析。句意：拥有一家 动物园是一项繁忙的工作，Nikolai承担了许多 工作，包括喂养、清洁和与动物玩耍。A.per formances表演；B.jobs工作；C.projects项目； D.events事件。根据后文“feeding,cleaning and playing with the animals”可知，这些都是他 需要承担的工作。] 5.A.majority B.maximum C.plenty D.richness 解析：C[考查名词词义辨析。句意：600只动 物听起来可能很多，但Nikolai实际上希望动物 园能发展壮大。A.majority大多数；B.maxi mum最大值；C.plenty大量，许多；D.richness 丰富。根据前文“600 animals may sound like'” 及后文“but Nikolai actually wants the zoo to 6”可知，600只动物数量是比较多的，plen ty可以表示“许多”，符合语境。] 6.A.survive B.last C.grow D.root 解析：C[考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。 A.survive幸存；B.last持续；C.grow成长，发 展；D.root扎根。根据后文“He hopes to achieve his parents'goal and make it the grea- test rescue centre for rare animals in all of Eu- rope.”可知，他希望实现父母的目标，让动物园 成为欧洲最大的珍稀动物救助中心，所以他是 希望动物园能发展壮大。] 9 高考总复习英语（外研版） 7.A.functions B.responds C.focuses D.reflects 解析：A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为这是 一个救助动物园，所以它的运作方式与传统动 物园略有不同。A.functions运作，起作用； B.responds回应；C.focuses集中；D.reflects反 映。根据后文“a little bit differently than it did in the8zoos”可知，这里描述的是救助动 物园与传统动物园在运作方式上的不同。] 8.A.formal B.tidy C.historical D.traditional 解析：D[考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。 A.formal正式的；B.tidy整洁的；C.historical 历史的；D.traditional传统的。根据前文“Asit is a rescue zoo”以及后文“Because in general zoos,it usually has perfect animals..”可知，这 里是在将救助动物园与传统动物园进行对比。] 9.A.schedule B.responsibility C.affection D.command 解析：B[考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们觉得 有必要也有责任去帮助那些我们能帮到的地 方。A.schedule日程安排；B.responsibility责 任；C.affection喜爱；D.command命令。根据 前文“We feel a need'”以及后文“to help where we can”可知，他们觉得有必要也有责任去帮助 那些需要帮助的地方。] 10.A.transformed B.directed C.registered D.introduced 解析：A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：“因此， 我们把动物园改造成了一个救助动物园，”Ni kolai曾经说过。A.transformed转变；B.di rected指导；C.registered注册；D.introduced 介绍。根据后文“the zoo into a rescue zoo in- stead”可知，他们把动物园转变成了一个救助 动物园。门] 11.A.sincerely B.aimlessly C.carefully D.cruelly 解析：D[考查副词词义辨析。句意：这意味 着要接收那些被残忍对待或曾在实验室里的 动物。A.sincerely真诚地；B.aimlessly无目 的地；C.carefully仔细地；D.cruelly残忍地。 根据后文“or has been in laboratories'”以及 Ⅲ.语法填空 体裁：说明文 China's moon-landing spacesuit witnesses China's commitment to innovation and precision engineering.Designed to tolerate the extreme lu- nar environment 1. severe tempera- tures,lack of the atmosphere and lasting radia- ·47 "And some of our animals may have some scars'”可知，和在实验室里的动物情况类似，这 里说的是接收那些受到过残忍对待的动物。] 12.A.diseases B.marks C.effects D.results 解析：A[考查名词词义辨析。句意：并且我 们的一些动物可能有一些伤疤和一些疾病，我 们必须处理或治疗。A.diseases疾病； B.marks痕迹，标记；C.effects影响；D.results 结果。根据后文“that we have to deal with or treat'”可知，这些动物可能有一些需要处理或 治疗的疾病。] 13.A.universal B.common C.complex D.creative 解析：D[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了 养活母亲和维持动物园，Nikolai想出了一个 创造性的方法来筹集额外的钱：一个关于动物 园的手机应用游戏。A.universal普遍的； B.common常见的；C.complex复杂的；D.cre ative创造性的。根据后文“a mobile app game about the zoo”可知，他想出了一个通过手机应 用游戏来筹集资金的方法，这是一个创造性的 方法。] 14.A.allowances B.profits C.scores D.funds 解析：B[考查名词词义辨析。句意：这款游 戏的利润将捐给各种慈善机构。A.allow ances津贴；B.profits利涧；C.scores分数； D.funds资金。根据后文“will go to various charities”可知，游戏开发出来后会有利润，这 里说的是把游戏的利润捐给慈善机构。] 15.A.charged B.saved C.raised D.spared 解析：C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：Nikolai 相信筹集到的资金一定会帮助实现他的家人 把他们的救助中心变成最大的梦想。 A.charged收费；B.saved节省；C.raised筹 集；D.spared抽出。根据前文“a mobile app game about the zoo”以及后文“will surely help realize his family's dream”可知，这款游戏筹集 到的资金将帮助他们实现梦想。] 话题：中国登月宇航服 tion 2. (expose)bring significant chal- lenges,the suit features multiple layers.The in- ner layer provides comfort to keep taikonauts( 天员)cool and dry,one of the middle layers maintains atmospheric pressure essential for sur- 0 vival,and the outer layer,made of strong and heat-resistant materials,3. (safeguard) taikonauts from the tough lunar conditions. The suit is equipped with 4. (re- mark)features,one of which is its mobility. 5. the multiple layers and many protec- tive elements,the suit remains flexible.The suit's gloves,for example,are specially designed to allow for fine motor skills,making it easier for the taikonaut 6. handle tools and equipment. The suit marks 7. major break- through in space technology.It employs cutting- edge materials that 8. perfect)since their development,including the use of smart materials that adapt to changing conditions for enhanced protection and comfort.The suit is also packed with high-tech communication and naviga- tion systems,and a range of sensors and 9. (monitor)devices that provide real-time up- dates on the taikonaut's health. As China continues to extend 10. (boundary)of space exploration,its moon-land- ing spacesuit will play an important role in the nation's pursuit of knowledge and discovery. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述 了中国登月宇航服的特点、技术突破及其在太空 探索中的重要作用。 l.where[考查定语从句。句意：这款航天服旨 在耐受极端的月球环境，在这种环境中，严峻的 温度、缺乏大气层和持续的辐射暴露带来了重 大挑战，它具有多层结构。本空引导限制性定 语从句，先行词是the extreme lunar environ ment,指物，关系词代替先行词从句中作地，点状 语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。] 2.exposure[考查名词。句意同上。lasting ra diation2(expose)和名词短语severe tem peratures和lack of the atmosphere并列一起作 定语从句主语，用名词exposure'“暴露”，故填 exposure.。」 3.safeguards[考查动词时态。句意：内层提供 舒适感，使航天员保持凉爽干燥；中间层之一雏 持生存所需的大气压力；外层则由坚固耐热的 材料制成，保护航天员免受恶劣的月球环境影 响。本空为and后句子的谓语，根据前文谓语 provides和maintains可知，此处描述一般事 实，时态用一般现在时，主语the outer layer为 第三人称单数，谓语用safeguard'“保护”的第三 人称单数。故填safeguards。] ·41 基础必备选择性必修第二册 4.remarkable[考查形容词。句意：这款宇航服 配备了显著的特点，其中之一就是它的机动性。 此处作定语，修饰名词features,需用形容词re markable“显著的”，故填remarkable。] 5.Despite[考查介词。句意：尽管有多层和许多 保护元素，但这款宇航服仍然保持灵活。此处 表示“尽管”，用介词despite“尽管”，句首单词， 首字母大写。故填Despite。] 6.to handle[考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，宇 航服的手套经过特殊设计，可以允许进行精细 的机械操作，使航天员更容易处理工具和设备。 本句谓语为are designed,此处需用非谓语动 词，“make it+adj.+for sb.to do sth.”结构 中，it为形式宾语，本空用handle'“操纵”的不定 式，作真正的宾语，故填to handle。] 7.a[考查冠词。句意：这款宇航服标志着太空 技术的一个重大突破。此处表示泛指“一个重 大突破”，且major为辅音音素开头的单词，本 空用不定冠词a。故填a。] 8.have been perfected[考查动词语态。句意： 它采用了自开发以来不断完善的最先进材料， 包括使用智能材料来适应不断变化的环境，以 增强保护和舒适度。本空为that引导的限制性 定语从句的谓语，根据时间状语since their de velopment可知，从句时态需用现在完成时，且 从句主语that指代先行词materials与谓语动 词perfect'“完善”之间为被动关系，故用现在完 成时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词用have。 故填have been perfected。] 9.monitoring[考查非谓语动词。句意：这款字 航服还配备了高科技通信和导航系统，以及一 系列传感器和监测设备，可以实时更新航天员 的健康状况。本句谓语为is packed with,此处 需用非谓语动词，逻辑主语devices与monitor “监测”为主动关系（设备执行监控功能），应用 现在分词形式monitoring,作定语。故填moni toring。」 l0.boundaries[考查名词。句意：随着中国不断 拓展太空探索的边界，其登月宇航服将在国家 追求知识和发现的过程中发挥重要作用。此处 作extend的宾语，需用名词boundary“边界”， 且此处表示多个边界，故用复数形式，故填 boundaries。J [日积月累]阅读理解 Outside these boundaries,the Sun will appear partially eclipsed,looking like a pie that some- thing has taken a bite from. 句中looking like a pie..作伴随状语 句意：在这些边界之外，太阳将出现部分日食，看 起来像一个馅饼，有东西咬了一口。 1