必修第一册 课时冲关6 Unit 6 At one with nature（教用版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（外研版）

高考总复习英语（外研版） 课时冲关6Unit6 学生用卡 I.阅读理解 体裁：说明文 Led by University College London research- ers and published in the Nature journal,an inter- national collaboration of 356 scientists uncovered that just 2%of rainforest tree species account for 50%of the trees found in tropical forests across Africa,the Amazon and south-east Asia.Similar patterns have been found else where in the natu- ral world.Researchers have discovered that just 1,000 species account for half of Earth's 800 bil- lion trees in tropical rainforests,with 46,000 species making up the rest. "If we focus on understanding the commo- nest tree species,we can probably predict how the whole forest will respond to today's rapid en- vironmental changes,"said the lead author,Dec- lan Cooper.The team demonstrated that while African tropical forests have fewer total species compared with the Amazon and south-east Asia, their diversity follows the same pattern.The analysis is based on more than 1 million tree samples across 2,048 hectares of rainforest at 1,568 locations. They found that about 2.2%species made up 50%of the trees across the biome(生物群系). Researchers said the findings indicate that a mechanism(机制)may govern the distribution of all the world's tropical forests.They plan to fo- cus future work on identifying the potential rule, given the geographic differences of the forests they studied.African tropical forests experience a drier,cooler climate than the two other re- gions,while those in south-east Asia are spread across disconnected islands.The Amazon is a large region of connected forests in which humans have been living for a shorter time than the other regions. The senior author,Prof Simon Lewis said, "We wanted to look at tropical forests in a new way.Rare species need special attention to pro- tect them,but quick and important gains in knowledge to understand these precious forests will come from a scientific focus on the commo- nest tree species.” [语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。主要讨论了一项 由伦敦大学学院领导的、发表在《自然》杂志上的 国际研究合作成果。该研究揭示了尽管热带雨林 中存在大量树种，但仅占总数2%的树种就构成了 热带森林中一半的树木，这一规律在全球范围内 的热带森林中普遍存在。 ·38 At one with nature P332 话题：热带雨林树种 1.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about? A.The number of the tree species around the world. B.The dangers to the rare species in the tropi- cal forests. C.An international campaign launched by 356 scientists. D.A pattern of the tree species found in world's rainforests. 解析：D[主旨大意题。根据第一段“Led by University College London researchers and pub- lished in...have been found else where in the natural world..(由伦敦大学学院的研究人员领 导，并在《自然》杂志上发表了一项国际研究， 356名科学家发现，仅占2%的雨林树种就占据 了非洲、亚马逊和东南亚热带森林中50%的树 木。在其他自然环境中也发现了类似的模 式。)”可知，第一段主要讲的是世界雨林中发现 的树种的模式。] 2.What is a typical feature of the African tropical forests? A.They feature a drier and cooler climate. B.They are not habitable for human beings. C.They have more diversity despite fewer spe- cies. D.They are formed mainly by disconnected islands. 解析：A[细节理解题。根据第三段“African tropical forests experience a drier,cooler cli- mate than the two other regions,while those in south-east Asia are spread across discon- nected islands.(非洲热带森林比另外两个地区 气候更干燥、更凉爽，而东南亚的热带森林则分 布在不相连的岛屿上。)”可知，非洲热带森林的 特点是气候较干燥和较凉爽。] 3.Which of the following might Prof Simon Lew- is disagree with? A.New perspective is helpful to understand the environment. B.The world's rainforests share similar com- mon tree species. C.More and more efforts should be made to study rare species now. D.The commonest tree species are vital in un- derstanding tropical forests. 解析：C[推理判断题。根据最后一段“Rare species need special attention to protect them, but quick and important gains in knowledge to understand these precious forests will come from a scientific focus on the commonest tree species..”可推知，他强调了对常见树种的科学 6 关注可以快速且重要地增进对这些珍贵森林的 理解。这暗示他可能不赞同目前应该更多地研 究稀有物种的观点。] 4.Where is the text most probably taken from? A.A journal on ecology. B.A science book of plants. C.A magazine on rainforest. D.A travel brochure of Africa. Ⅱ.语法填空 体裁：说明文 As the source of all life,water plays a vital role in Chinese culture,influencing both Chinese civilization and philosophy.Many Chinese leg- ends reflect the 1. (admire)for water and the spirit of bravely fighting natural disasters caused by water.Yu,the first ruler of the Xia Dynasty,2. (successful)controlled the floods by digging waterways so that the floodwater could flow into the sea smoothly.The Dujiangy- an Irrigation System in Sichuan,first 3. (construct)in 256 BC,took advantage of the local natural features without 4. (damage) the environment.Additionally,water 5. (give)philosophical meanings to help nurture Chinese people and govern the country,inspiring the ancient rulers 6. (respect)the will of people and follow the laws of nature.Confu- cius believed water had diverse 7. (vir- tue)including justice,courage and righteous- ness,so 8. was suggested that people should learn from water and cultivate their sense of morality.Laozi gave birth to the idea of overco- ming hardness with softness and non-action.Xun- zi compared a ruler and his people 9. boat and water to show the importance of the people in society.Water,being an essential ele- ment in daily life,is a symbol in Chinese culture, 10. flows through Chinese civilization. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。水作为生命之 源，在中华文化中起着至关重要的作用，影响着中 华文明和哲学。本文从历史传说和哲学层面阐述 了水的重要性。 l.admiration[考查名词。句意：中国的许多传 说反映了对水的崇拜和勇敢抵御水造成的自然 灾害的精神。根据空前的the可知，空格处应填 入名词在句中作宾语。admire的名词形式为 admiration。故填admiration。] 2.successfully[考查副词。句意：夏朝的第一任 统治者一禹，通过开凿水道成功地控制了洪 水，使洪水能够顺利流入大海。此处应用副词 作状语，修饰动词controlled。successful的副 词形式为successfully。故填successfully。] ·38 基础必备必修第一册 解析：A[推理判断题。根据第一段“Led by University College London researchers and published in...else where in the natural world..”可知，本文主要讲述了科学家们研究发 现，只有2%的雨林树种占非洲、亚马逊和东南 亚热带森林中发现的树木的50%，在自然界其 他地方也发现了类似的模式。所以会出现在生 态学杂志上。] 话题：水的重要性 3.constructed[考查过去分词。句意：四川都江 堰水利系统始建于公元前256年，充分利用了 当地的自然特征，不破坏环境。空格处应填入 非谓语动词作定语。被修饰词The Dujiangyan Irrigation System与construct是逻辑上的动宾 关系，故用过去分词，表示被动。故填construc- ted。] 4.damaging[考查动名词。句意同上。根据空 前的介词without可知，空格处应填入动名词作 宾语。故填damaging。] 5.was given[考查动词的时态和语态。句意：此 外，水被赋予了滋养中国人民和治理国家的哲 学意义，激励古代统治者尊重人民的意愿，遵循 自然规律。空格处缺少谓语动词。根据下文对 孔子、荀子和老子的哲学思想的描述可知，此处 句子应用一般过去时态。主语water与动词 give是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故 填was given。] 6.to respect[考查动词不定式。句意同上。in- spire sb.to do sth.意为“激励某人做某事”，故 此处应用不定式作宾语补足语。故填tore spect。.] 7.virtues[考查名词复数。句意：孔子认为水具 有正义、勇气和正直等多种美德，建议人们学习 水，培养道德意识。根据空前的diverse可知， 这里的virtue应该用复数形式virtues。故填 virtues。」 8.it[考查代词。句意同上。空格处为形式主 语，句中that引导的从句是真正的主语，故用it 作形式主语。故填it。门 9.to[考查介词。句意：荀子把统治者和他的人 民比作船和水，以表明人民在社会中的重要性。 此处为固定搭配compare.,to.,·,意为 “把…比作…”。故填t0。] l0.which[考查定语从句。句意：水作为日常生 活中必不可少的元素，是中华文化中的一个象 征，它贯穿于中华文明之中。分析句子可知，此 处是非限定性定语从句。先行词为water,指 物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故用关系代词 which引导定语从句。故填which。] 高考总复习英语（外研版） Ⅲ.读后续写 体裁：记叙文 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续 写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Bear was not a bear.She was a big dog on the Perkinses'family farm,a woolly creature with floppy ears and paws like bedroom slippers. She protected the ducks and chickens from being eaten by foxes and raccoons(浣熊). She guarded the children as well,watching over them as closely as she did the chickens and ducks.In winter the dog ran alongside the chil- dren as they sledded(滑雪橇)down snowy hills..In summer she swam with them in a nearby river. Bear belonged to a breed(品种)that had long been used by Atlantic fishermen to help with their work,and it had a keen instinct for water rescue.When the children were in the river,the dog would swim in circles around them,barking when she felt they went out too far.She was the per- fect farm dog-companion,guardian,protector. The dog's favorite among the three children was three-year-old little Mike.They often curled up together.Sometimes Bear would doze while Mike pretended to read to her.Often both were sound asleep,a tangle of dark fur,blond hair, small hands and huge paws.At bedtime,Mike saved his last hug for Bear,his“best friend”. On a cold winter day,when their parents went out to send a parcel,eight-year-old Martha, seven-year-old Sara and Mike,went to slide on the frozen pond of their farm.Shouting happily, they slid back and forth,their boots gliding easi- ly across the ice.They laughed as they watched Bear's attempts to stop suddenly,which would instead send her skidding beyond them.Then, tired,the three sat down on the ice,with Bear beside them.Suddenly the ice gave way under their combined weight. As Bear jumped for shore,the three children fell into the freezing cold water.Screaming, Martha and Sarah struggled to find footing on rocks underwater.Branches from a tree nearby pro- vided handholds,and using every bit of their strength, the two girls pulled themselves to shore. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Looking back,they saw little Mike holding on to a broken chunk(大块)of ice,unable to crawl onto it. Seeing that,Bear let out a series of woofs and jumped into the water,heading straight for Mike. ·38 话题：小狗Bear救人 [语篇解读]本文以小狗Bear为线索展开。讲 述了它保护着鸭子、鸡和孩子们。在一个寒冷冬 日，三个孩子在农场池塘滑冰时冰面破裂，Martha 和Sara上岸后发现Mike被困在冰上。 [详解]1.段落续写 续写第一段：由第一段首句内容“回头看，他们看 到小Mike紧紧抓住一块破碎的冰，无法爬上去。” 可知，第一段可描写Martha和Sara的惊慌失措 以及Mike的危险处境，同时强调当时的寒冷和 无助。 续写第二段：由第二段首句内容“看到这一幕， Bear发出一连串的叫声，跳进水里，径直向Mike 游去。”可知，第二段可描写Bear如何成功营救 Mike,以及Martha和Sara在岸边的协助，最后大 家都松了一口气。 2.续写线索：冰面破裂—Mike被困—Bear营 救一成功上岸 [参考范文] Looking back,they saw little Mike holding on to a broken chunk(大块)of ice,unable to crawl onto it.Panic slammed into Martha and Sara like a hammer;their breaths came in harsh clouds as the wind howled across the pond. “Mike,keep your arms up-don't let go!”Mar tha shouted,her voice cracking with fear.The boy's lips were turning a frightening shade of blue,and water sloshed over his boots each time the ice tilted.The sisters clung to a low branch, but the thought of re-entering the frigid hole was unbearable.With no adults in sight and daylight fading,the brittle silence of the farm suddenly felt enormous. Seeing that,Bear let out a series of woofs and jumped into the water,heading straight for Mike.Powerful strokes sliced the surface as spray flew from her coat.When she reached him, she circled once,nudging his armpit with her nose until Mike's arms slid over her broad shoul- ders.Instinct took over.Gripping his jacket be- tween her teeth,she turned toward shore and be- gan towing her passenger.Martha and Sara lay flat on the ice,stretching a long branch.The moment Bear's paws scraped frozen ground,the girls hauled the boy and the dog together,collap- sing in a trembling heap of relief. [日积月累]读后续写 1.行为类：①大喊：shout/,yell ②紧紧抓住：cling to/grasp/.hold fast to ③到达：reach/get to 2.情绪类：①惊慌：panic/fright/terror ②恐惧：fear/terror/alarm 8