Unit 6 语法(情态动词表推测)讲解与练习-2026-2027学年鲁教版五四学制英语九年级上册

该初中英语导学案聚焦Unit6“回望过去”主题，核心讲解情态动词表推测（must/could/may/might/can’t），通过分析历史遗迹等现存证据对未知情况的猜测导入，搭建从主题理解到语法应用的学习支架，衔接可能性强弱排序、肯定否定区分及现在过去推测等核心考点。 资料以“可能性强弱黄金排序”和“现在vs过去推测”为重点，结合单元主题例句拆解、考试易错点归纳及写作万能句型，帮助学生精准掌握推测用法。配套分层练习从填空到汉译英，强化语言能力，培养基于证据推测的思维品质，提升自主学习效率。

Unit6 A look into the Past语法讲解与练习 情态动词表推测详细讲解 一、单元语法导入 本单元主题为回望过去、历史遗迹、远古事物、考古发现、往事推测。文章大量根据现存痕迹、证据，对过去、现在的未知情况进行猜测。 本单元核心语法：情态动词表推测（表可能性）。 核心考点：可能性强弱排序、肯定/否定推测区分、现在推测vs过去推测。 二、核心知识点：五大推测情态动词 1. 可能性强弱黄金排序 must（一定、准是，99%）> could（很可能，70%）> may（可能，50%）> might（或许、也许，30%）> can’t（不可能，0%） 口诀：must最肯定，can’t最否定，may might可能性弱，could介于中间 2. 逐个超细精讲+单元主题例句拆解 （1）must 表推测：一定、准是（仅用于肯定句） 用法：有依据、有线索的肯定推测，语气最强，百分百笃定 句式：must + 动词原形（对现在推测） 例句拆解 The ancient relics must be very old. 线索：遗迹外观古老 → 肯定推测：这些古迹一定年代久远。 He knows much about history. He must read many history books. 线索：他历史知识丰富 →肯定推测： 他一定读过很多历史书籍。 超级易错点：must绝对不用于否定推测，“不可能”不用mustn’t！ （2）can’t 表推测：不可能（仅用于否定句） 用法：有依据的绝对否定推测，完全没有可能性 对应关系：must（一定） ↔ can’t（不可能） 例句拆解 This new coin can’t be ancient. 线索：硬币崭新 → 这枚硬币不可能是远古的。 He wasn’t born in the past century. He can’t know the old story. 他不可能知道这个古老的故事。 （3）could 表推测：很可能、想必 用法：可能性较高，次于must，可用于肯定句、疑问句；既可表现在推测，也可表过去推测 例句拆解 The mark could be left by ancient people. 这个痕迹很可能是古人留下的。（有线索、大概率推测） （4）may 表推测：可能、或许 用法：中等可能性，不确定、半猜测，日常最常用 例句拆解 The old building may date back to 100 years ago. 这座古建筑或许可以追溯到一百年前。（不确定、合理猜测） （5）might 表推测：也许、说不定 用法：可能性最低，把握极小，纯属猜测 例句拆解 People might live a simple life in ancient times. 古人说不定过着简朴的生活。（无确凿证据，轻度猜测） 三、重难点：现在推测 VS 过去推测 本单元围绕“过去、历史、远古”，过去推测是必考难点 1. 对现在/常态推测：情态动词 + 动词原形 She must be interested in history. 她现在一定对历史感兴趣。 2. 对过去/远古推测：情态动词 + have done（重点记忆） 公式：must/may/might/could/can’t + have +过去分词 超细例句拆解 1. The ancient people must have used simple tools. 古人当时一定使用过简易工具。（对过去的肯定推测） 2. He can’t have known the ancient truth. 他当时不可能知晓这个远古真相。（对过去的否定推测） 3. The relic may have appeared thousands of years ago. 这件文物或许数千年前就存在了。（对过去的不确定推测） 四、考试绝杀易错点 易错1：否定推测绝对不用mustn’t mustn’t 表“禁止”，不表推测；否定推测“不可能”只用 can’t ✅ He can’t be at home. 他不可能在家。（否定推测） ❌ He mustn’t be at home. （错误！句意：他不许待在家里，表禁止） ✅ That can’t be Tom’s bike. 那不可能是汤姆的自行车。 ❌ That mustn’t be Tom’s bike. 易错2：时态不混淆 现在推测：情态+原形; 过去推测：情态+have done He must know the truth. 他一定知道真相。（现在） She may live nearby. 她也许住在附近。（现在） 过去推测 He must have known the truth. 他当时一定早就知道真相。（过去） She may have left early. 她或许早早离开了。（过去动作） 易错3：可能性强弱不混用 有明确线索、证据 → 优先must/could 无线索、纯猜测 → 优先may/might *有线索 Look! The light is on. He must be in the office. 看，灯亮着，他肯定在办公室。（证据：灯亮） *The ground is wet. It could have rained last night. 地面湿了，昨晚可能下雨了。（证据：地面潮湿） *无线索，纯猜测 I don’t know. He may come tomorrow. 我说不准，他也许明天来。（没有任何线索） *It might rain this afternoon. 下午说不定会下雨。（单纯预判，无依据） 易错4：can表推测极少用于肯定句 can表推测多用于疑问/否定，肯定句表推测优先could/may ✅ Can that be true? 那会是真的吗？（疑问句，can 推测，正确） ✅ It can’t be true. 这不可能是真的。（否定句，can 推测，正确） 五、单元写作万能推测句型（历史回望主题） 1. These ancient relics must have witnessed a long history. 这些古迹一定见证了漫长的历史。 2. People in the past may have lived a hard life. 古人或许曾过着艰苦的生活。 3. The old story could be true according to the new discovery. 根据新发现，这个古老的故事很可能是真实的。 4. This kind of tool can’t be modern. 这种工具不可能是现代的。 【配套练习】 大题一：用正确的情态动词填空（must/could/may/might/can’t） 根据语境、可能性强弱填写最佳情态动词，每空一词 1. The ancient vase ________ be very valuable. It looks special and old. 2. He ________ know the old story, because he never reads history books. 3. The small hole ________ be left by ancient people. We are not sure. 4. This relic ________ date back to the Tang Dynasty. It’s a possible guess. 5. The man who studies history ________ be very knowledgeable. 6. The new toy ________ be an ancient thing. It is too new. 7. People in ancient times ________ have simple but wise ideas. 8. The old building ________ be hundreds of years old. It looks very ancient. 9. The mystery of the past ________ be solved one day. No one is certain. 10. He ________ have visited the museum, for he knows all the relics well. 11. This mark ________ be made by modern people. It looks too old. 12. The ancient people ________ use this tool in their daily life. 13. We ________ find more secrets of the past in the future. 14. The story ________ be true, but we still need more evidence. 15. A person who never learns history ________ understand ancient culture. 16. The old coin ________ be very useful in the past. 17. The ruins ________ have been a small village long ago. 18. This discovery ________ change our idea about ancient history. 19. They ________ live here in the past. There is no clear proof. 20. The hard stone ________ be used as a tool by ancient humans. 21. He is too young. He ________ know the past life of old people. 22. The ancient painting ________ be priceless. It is well-protected. 23. Some old customs ________ disappear as time goes by. 24. This small object ________ be a common thing in ancient times. 25. Without records, we ________ never know the whole past truth. 大题二：单项选择 聚焦推测用法，辨析可能性强弱、肯定否定、时态差异 1. The ancient relics ___ very old. They have existed for thousands of years. A. must be B. may be C. might be D. can’t be 2. He ___ know anything about ancient history. He never studies it. A. must B. may C. can’t D. could 3. The old building ___ built hundreds of years ago. We have no exact evidence. A. must be B. can’t be C. may be D. must have been 4. —Who made the old mark? —It ___ the ancient people. No one else could do it. A. must be B. may be C. might be D. can’t be 5. This modern toy ___ an ancient artifact. A. must be B. can’t be C. may be D. could be 6. People in the past ___ a hard life, according to the new discovery. A. must have lived B. can’t live C. must live D. can’t have lived 7. The mystery of history ___ solved in the future. It’s not certain. A. must be B. can’t be C. may be D. must 8. He knows much about old times. He ___ read many history books. A. can’t B. must C. might D. need 9. The small stone ___ a tool for ancient humans. It looks similar. A. can’t be B. must be C. may be D. mustn’t be 10. Without any records, we ___ know the whole truth of the past. A. must B. may C. can’t D. could 11. The ancient painting ___ very valuable. All experts praise it. A. must be B. may be C. might be D. can’t be 12. The old village ___ here many years ago, we are not sure. A. must have been B. can’t have been C. may have been D. must be 13. This new invention ___ appear in ancient times. A. must B. can’t C. may D. could 14. Some old traditions ___ still alive today. A. must be B. can’t be C. may be D. mustn’t be 15. The ancient people ___ smart enough to create such tools. A. must have been B. can’t be C. may be D. must 大题三：句型转换/改写 根据提示，用对应推测情态动词改写句子 1. It is certain that the relic is very old.（用must） The relic ________ ________ very old. 2. It is impossible that he knows the ancient story.（用can’t） He ________ ________ the ancient story. 3. Perhaps the building existed long ago.（用may） The building ________ ________ long ago. 4. I’m sure they used this tool in the past.（用must have done） They ________ ________ ________ this tool in the past. 5. It is not possible that they lived here.（用can’t have done） They ________ ________ ________ here. 6. Maybe the old coin was useful before.（用might） The old coin ________ ________ useful before. 7. It is likely that the mark was left by ancients.（用could） The mark ________ ________ left by ancients. 8. Surely she is interested in history.（用must） She ________ ________ interested in history. 9. Perhaps the mystery will be solved.（用may） The mystery ________ ________ ________ in the future. 10. It is impossible that the modern thing appeared in ancient times.（用can’t have done） The modern thing ________ ________ ________ in ancient times. 大题四：汉译英 严格使用must/could/may/might/can’t表可能性推测 1. 这件古物一定有上千年的历史。 _________________________________________________ 2. 他不可能了解远古时期的生活。 _________________________________________________ 3. 这个痕迹或许是古人留下的。 _________________________________________________ 4. 古人当时一定创造了许多实用的工具。 _________________________________________________ 5. 这个古老的故事很可能是真实的。 _________________________________________________ 6. 没有证据，我们或许永远无法揭开这个历史谜团。 _________________________________________________ 7. 这座古建筑不可能是现代建造的。 _________________________________________________ 8. 远古人类可能过着简朴的生活。 _________________________________________________ 9. 这些遗迹一定见证了岁月的变迁。 _________________________________________________ 10. 未来我们或许能发现更多历史真相。 _________________________________________________ Keys 一、情态动词填空答案 1. must 2. can’t 3. may/might/could have been 4. may/might 5. must 6. can’t 7. may/might/could 8. must 9. may/might 10. must 11. can’t 12. may/might/could have used 13. may/might/could 14. could/may 15. can’t 16. must/could 17. may/might/could 18. may/might/could 19. may/might have lived 20. must/could have been used 21. can’t 22. must 23. may/might 24. could/may/might 25. may 二、单项选择答案 1.A 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.B 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.C 15.A 三、句型转换答案 1. must be 2. can’t know 3. may exist 4. must have used 5. can’t have lived 6. might be 7. could be 8. must be 9. may be solved 10. can’t have appeared 四、汉译英参考答案 1. This ancient relic must have a history of thousands of years. 2. He can’t know the life in ancient times. 3. This mark may/might/could be left by ancient people. 4. Ancient people must have created many practical tools. 5. This old story could be true. 6. Without evidence, we may never solve this historical mystery. 7. This ancient building can’t have been built in modern times. 8. Ancient humans may/might have lived a simple life. 9. These relics must have witnessed the changes of years. 10. We may find more historical truths in the future. 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $