内容正文:
Unit 8 Pets and us 暑假预习讲义
01 课前导学
关键词
内容
学习目标
1. 能够正确使用副词及其比较级和最高级形式。
2. 能够掌握本单元核心词汇(awake, responsible, faithfully, noisy, expensive, bark, attack, stranger, advise, responsibility, care for, grow up等)。
3. 能够讨论养宠物的利与弊。
4. 能够了解宠物与人类关系的历史。
学习重点
1. 副词的构成规则(形容词+ly)。
2. 副词比较级和最高级的构成规则(+er/est, more/most)。
3. 不规则副词的比较级和最高级(well-better-best, badly-worse-worst)。
4. 表达观点和论证的表达。
学习难点
1. 形容词与副词的区分(good/well, fast, early等)。
2. 副词在句中的位置(动词/宾语之后)。
3. 副词比较级和最高级与形容词的比较区别。
4. 提出论点并用论据支持的写作结构。
02 核心词汇预览
1. awake adj. 醒着
2. responsible adj. 可信任的;可信赖的
3. faithfully adv. 忠实地;忠诚地
4. noisy adj. 嘈杂的
5. expensive adj. 昂贵的
6. bark v. 吠叫
7. attack v. 袭击;攻击
8. stranger n. 陌生人
9. advise v. 劝告;建议
10. responsibility n. 责任
11. care for 照顾;关心
12. grow up 长大
13. owner n. 主人
14. vet n. 兽医
15. character n. 性格;特征
16. attention n. 注意力
17. company n. 陪伴;公司
18. companion n. 同伴
19. loyal adj. 忠诚的
20. intelligent adj. 聪明的
21. harm n. & v. 伤害
22. relationship n. 关系
23. protect v. 保护
24. comfort n. 安慰;舒适
03 核心短语预览
1. in short 简而言之
2. care for 照顾;关心
3. grow up 长大
4. have no choice but to 别无选择只能
5. keep...awake 使……醒着
6. run free 四处自由走动
7. in one's opinion 在某人看来
8. according to 根据
9. a small number of 少量的
10. what's more 而且
11. be pleased to 高兴做某事
12. keep a pet 养宠物
13. pet owner 宠物主人
14. take to the vet 带去看兽医
15. in the past 在过去
04 重点句型预览
1. "Keeping pet dogs is a good idea," says Li Li. “养宠物狗是个好主意,”李丽说。
2. There are lots of reasons for this. 对此有很多理由。
3. First, dogs are really cute and make great playmates. 首先,狗真的很可爱,是很好的玩伴。
4. It's nice to hold them in our arms and play games with them. 把它们抱在怀里和它们玩游戏真好。
5. It's also wonderful to see them grow up. 看着它们长大也很棒。
6. Second, we can learn responsibility from keeping dogs. 第二,我们可以从养狗中学到责任感。
7. We have to feed them, train them and play with them. 我们必须喂它们、训练它们和它们玩耍。
8. According to my mum, this helps us become more responsible people. 据我妈妈说,这帮助我们成为更有责任感的人。
9. It can also teach young people how to care for others. 它也能教年轻人如何关心他人。
10. Finally, a dog will love you faithfully and is always pleased to see you. 最后,狗会忠实地爱你,总是很高兴见到你。
11. These characteristics mean that owning a dog will bring you lots of happiness. 这些特点意味着养狗会给你带来很多快乐。
12. In short, I think it's a good idea to have a dog. 简而言之,我认为养狗是个好主意。
13. "Keeping pet dogs is not a good idea," says Wang Meng. “养宠物狗不是个好主意,”王萌说。
14. Pet dogs leave their hair on the floor, on beds and on sofas, and they need to be washed often. 宠物狗在地板上、床上和沙发上掉毛,它们需要经常洗澡。
15. Dogs are noisy. Nearly all dogs bark at strangers. 狗很吵。几乎所有的狗都对陌生人吠叫。
16. Some dogs bark more loudly than others. 有些狗比其他的叫得更大声。
17. A few dogs bark all night. This can keep your neighbours awake at night! 有些狗整夜叫。这会让你的邻居晚上睡不着!
18. Not all dogs are friendly. A small number of pet dogs even attack people. 不是所有的狗都友好。少数宠物狗甚至会攻击人。
19. What's more, it's common for people to live in flats. 而且,人们住公寓是很常见的。
20. They have no choice but to keep their dogs inside most of the time. 他们别无选择,只能大部分时间把狗关在室内。
21. However, this is not good for dogs since they need fresh air and large open spaces where they can run free. 然而,这对狗不好,因为它们需要新鲜空气和可以自由奔跑的大片开阔空间。
22. Finally, owning a dog can be expensive. 最后,养狗可能很贵。
23. An owner needs to buy food and toys for his or her dog, and if the dog gets ill, it needs to be taken to the vet. 主人需要为狗买食物和玩具,如果狗生病了,需要带它去看兽医。
24. Because of all these reasons, I would advise you not to get a dog as a pet. 基于所有这些原因,我建议你不要养狗作为宠物。
25. A dog will love you faithfully. 狗会忠实地爱你。
26. A cat can play happily on its own. 猫可以自己快乐地玩耍。
27. Swift runs faster than Fluffy and Silver. 斯威夫特跑得比弗拉菲和西尔弗快。
28. She washed Fluffy more carefully than she washed Swift. 她洗弗拉菲比洗斯威夫特更仔细。
05 语法精讲与考点梳理
考点1:副词的构成
【定义】副词用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,表示方式、程度等。
【构成规则】
规则一:大多数形容词 + ly → 副词
形容词
副词
中文
quick
quickly
快速地
happy
happily
快乐地
careful
carefully
仔细地
simple
simply
简单地
full
fully
完全地
faithful
faithfully
忠实地
noisy
noisily
嘈杂地
lucky
luckily
幸运地
规则二:以-y结尾的形容词,变y为i加-ly
形容词
副词
变化
happy
happily
y→i+ly
easy
easily
y→i+ly
lucky
luckily
y→i+ly
heavy
heavily
y→i+ly
规则三:以-le结尾的形容词,变le为ly
形容词
副词
变化
simple
simply
le→ly
terrible
terribly
le→ly
comfortable
comfortably
le→ly
规则四:以-ll结尾的形容词,加-y
形容词
副词
变化
full
fully
+y
规则五:与形容词同形的副词
形容词
副词
说明
fast
fast
快速
early
early
早
hard
hard
努力
late
late
晚
规则六:特殊变化
形容词
副词
说明
good
well
好(不规则)
【要点详解】
- good的副词形式是well,不是goodly。
- fast既是形容词也是副词。
- 副词通常放在动词后面或宾语后面。
【练习1】She sings very ______ (beautiful).
【答案】beautifully
【详解】句意:她唱得很美。beautiful变副词为beautifully,修饰动词sings。故填beautifully。
【练习2】She slept ______ (peaceful).
【答案】peacefully
【详解】句意:她睡得很平静。peaceful变副词为peacefully,修饰动词slept。故填peacefully。
考点2:副词在句中的位置
【定义】副词通常放在所修饰的动词之后或宾语之后。
【位置规则】
(1)副词放在动词之后
例句:A dog will love you faithfully.
例句:Cats play happily on their own.
(2)副词放在宾语之后
例句:She treats her customers well.
例句:He reads books quickly.
【要点详解】
- 副词一般不放在动词和宾语之间。
- 频度副词(always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never)放在行为动词之前,be动词之后。
【练习1】A dog will love you ______.
A. faithful B. faithfully C. faithfuly D. more faithful
【答案】B
【详解】句意:狗会忠实地爱你。副词修饰动词love,用faithfully。故选B。
考点3:副词比较级和最高级的构成
【定义】副词比较级和最高级用于比较动作的方式或程度。
【构成规则】
规则一:单音节副词 + er/est
原级
比较级
最高级
fast
faster
fastest
hard
harder
hardest
early
earlier
earliest
late
later
latest
near
nearer
nearest
high
higher
highest
规则二:多音节副词 more/most + 副词原级
原级
比较级
最高级
quickly
more quickly
most quickly
carefully
more carefully
most carefully
patiently
more patiently
most patiently
faithfully
more faithfully
most faithfully
slowly
more slowly
most slowly
规则三:不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
well
better
best
badly
worse
worst
little
less
least
much
more
most
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
【要点详解】
- 与形容词比较级不同,副词最高级前的the可以省略。
- 单音节副词加-er/est,多音节副词用more/most。
【练习1】Swift runs ______ (fast) than Fluffy.
【答案】faster
【详解】句意:斯威夫特跑得比弗拉菲快。两者比较用比较级faster。故填faster。
考点4:形容词与副词的区分
【定义】形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。
【用法对比】
形容词(修饰名词)
例句:My dog is a good sleeper.(good修饰名词sleeper)
例句:She is a fast runner.(fast修饰名词runner)
副词(修饰动词)
例句:She sleeps well.(well修饰动词sleeps)
例句:She runs fast.(fast修饰动词runs)
【要点详解】
- good是形容词,well是副词。
- fast既是形容词也是副词。
- 连系动词(be, feel, look, sound, taste, smell)后用形容词作表语。
【练习1】My dog is a ______ sleeper. She sleeps ______.
A. good; well B. well; good C. good; good D. well; well
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我的狗睡得很好。第一空修饰名词sleeper用形容词good;第二空修饰动词sleeps用副词well。故选A。
考点5:识别议论文中的论点与论据
【定义】议论文中,作者提出观点并给出理由支持。
【结构分析】
论点(Opinion):作者的观点
例句:Keeping pet dogs is a good idea.
论据(Arguments):支持观点的理由
论据
说明
Dogs are cute and make great playmates.
情感价值
We can learn responsibility.
教育价值
A dog will love you faithfully.
情感价值
【要点详解】
- 论点通常在文章开头或结尾。
- 论据用first, second, finally等过渡词引出。
- 论据通常包含具体事实或例子。
【练习1】找出下列段落中的论点和论据。
"Keeping pet dogs is a good idea. First, dogs are really cute and make great playmates. Second, we can learn responsibility from keeping dogs. Finally, a dog will love you faithfully."
【答案】
论点:Keeping pet dogs is a good idea.
论据:① cute and make great playmates ② learn responsibility ③ love you faithfully
06 重点归纳
一、副词的构成
(1)形容词 + ly → 副词(quick→quickly)。
(2)以-y结尾变y为i加-ly(happy→happily)。
(3)特殊变化:good→well。
二、副词比较级和最高级
(1)单音节:+er/est(fast→faster→fastest)。
(2)多音节:more/most + 原级(carefully→more carefully→most carefully)。
(3)不规则:well-better-best, badly-worse-worst。
三、议论文结构
(1)论点:表明观点。
(2)论据:用first, second, finally等引出理由。
(3)结论:重申观点。
07 过关检测
一、用所给词的适当形式填空(副词形式)(共8题)
1. A dog will love you ______ (faithful).
2. Cats can play ______ (happy) on their own.
3. Some dogs bark ______ (loud) than others.
4. She sings very ______ (beautiful).
5. She slept ______ (peaceful).
6. She treats her customers ______ (good).
7. He reads books ______ (quick).
8. She listened ______ (careful).
二、写出下列副词的比较级和最高级(共6题)
1. fast → ______ → ______
2. carefully → ______ → ______
3. quickly → ______ → ______
4. well → ______ → ______
5. badly → ______ → ______
6. patiently → ______ → ______
三、单项选择(共8题)
1. A dog will love you ______.
A. faithful B. faithfully C. faithfuly D. more faithful
2. Cats can play ______ on their own.
A. happy B. happily C. happier D. happiest
3. Some dogs bark ______ than others.
A. loud B. louder C. more loud D. loudest
4. She sings very ______.
A. beautiful B. beautifully C. more beautiful D. most beautiful
5. My dog is a ______ sleeper. She sleeps ______.
A. good; well B. well; good C. good; good D. well; well
6. Swift runs ______ than Fluffy.
A. fast B. faster C. fastest D. more fast
7. She washed Fluffy ______ than she washed Swift.
A. careful B. more careful C. carefully D. more carefully
8. She treats her customers ______.
A. good B. well C. better D. best
四、完成句子(共6题)
1. 狗会忠实地爱你。
A dog will love you ______.
2. 有些狗比其他的叫得更大声。
Some dogs bark ______ than others.
3. 简而言之,我认为养狗是个好主意。
______ ______, I think it's a good idea to have a dog.
4. 我建议你不要养狗作为宠物。
I would ______ you not to get a dog as a pet.
5. 斯威夫特跑得比弗拉菲快。
Swift ______ ______ than Fluffy.
6. 她洗弗拉菲比洗斯威夫特更仔细。
She washed Fluffy ______ ______ than she washed Swift.
五、将下列句子翻译成英文(共3题)
1. 狗真的很可爱,是很好的玩伴。
2. 我们可以从养狗中学到责任感。
3. 不是所有的狗都友好。
参考答案
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. faithfully(faithful → faithfully)
2. happily(happy → happily)
3. more loudly(比较级)
4. beautifully(beautiful → beautifully)
5. peacefully(peaceful → peacefully)
6. well(good → well)
7. quickly(quick → quickly)
8. carefully(careful → carefully)
二、写出下列副词的比较级和最高级
1. faster; fastest
2. more carefully; most carefully
3. more quickly; most quickly
4. better; best
5. worse; worst
6. more patiently; most patiently
三、单项选择
1. B(副词修饰动词love)
2. B(副词修饰动词play)
3. B(比较级)
4. B(副词修饰动词sings)
5. A(形容词修饰名词,副词修饰动词)
6. B(比较级)
7. D(比较级)
8. B(副词修饰动词treats)
四、完成句子
1. faithfully
2. more loudly
3. In short
4. advise
5. runs faster
6. more carefully
五、将下列句子翻译成英文
1. Dogs are really cute and make great playmates.
2. We can learn responsibility from keeping dogs.
3. Not all dogs are friendly.
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