第9卷 阅读理解专项训练2：说明文（科技发明、自然与环境）-【2027版】江西省（三校生对口升学考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》（原卷版+解析版）

**基本信息** 聚焦说明文（科技发明、自然与环境）阅读理解，以45分钟限时训练为载体，通过贴近前沿科技与江西地域生态的选材，系统提升信息提取能力，融合语言能力与文化意识培养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |科技发明|2篇10题（太阳能、3D打印）|细节理解题，考查定义、优势及应用|围绕“原理-特征-价值”逻辑，从清洁能源到教育应用，构建科技认知框架| |自然与环境|3篇15题（湿地、睡眠、回收）|细节理解题，涵盖生态保护与健康生活|遵循“现象-威胁-措施”链条，结合江西地域生态（鄱阳湖），强化环保意识与思维品质|

编写说明：本卷依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》编写。本系列定位为45分钟训练卷，用于课堂限时训练、周测检测和阶段复习。全卷聚焦说明文（科技发明、自然与环境）两大主题的阅读理解能力，选材贴近前沿科技、生态保护、健康生活和江西地域生态，适用于45分钟限时训练与信息提取能力诊断。 【2027版】江西省（三校生对口升学考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第9卷 阅读理解专项训练（二）：说明文（科技发明、自然与环境） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级______姓名______学号______成绩______ 阅读理解（共25小题；每小题4分，满分100分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Solar energy comes from the sun and can be turned into electricity or heat. Today, more families and schools in Jiangxi are using solar panels on their rooftops. These panels catch sunlight and change it into power for lights, computers and water heaters. Solar energy has several advantages. First, it is clean — it does not produce smoke or harmful gases. Second, the sun is free, so families can save money on electricity bills. Third, solar panels can last 20 to 30 years with little maintenance. However, solar energy also has limits. It works only during the day and less well on cloudy days. Also, the cost of installing panels is still high for some families. Scientists are working to make panels cheaper and more efficient so that more people can enjoy this clean energy. 1. What is solar energy turned into? A. Wind and rain. B. Food and water. C. Electricity or heat. D. Sound and light. 2. Where are solar panels placed according to the passage? A. On rooftops. B. In gardens. C. Under the ground. D. Beside rivers. 3. Which is NOT an advantage of solar energy? A. It is clean. B. It saves money. C. It needs little maintenance. D. It works at night. 4. Why is solar energy less effective on cloudy days? A. Because panels break easily. B. Because there is less sunlight. C. Because electricity bills go up. D. Because maintenance costs are high. 5. What are scientists trying to do? A. Make panels bigger. B. Stop using solar energy. C. Make panels cheaper and more efficient. D. Build more factories. 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了太阳能的日常应用及其优缺点。 【详解】 1.细节理解题。根据“Solar energy comes from the sun and can be turned into electricity or heat”可知，太阳能可转化为电或热。故选C。A.风和雨；B.食物和水；C.电或热，正确；D.声音和光。 2.细节理解题。根据“more families and schools in Jiangxi are using solar panels on their rooftops”可知，太阳能板安装在屋顶上。故选A。A.屋顶上，正确；B.花园里，位置错误；C.地下，位置错误；D.河边，位置错误。 3.细节理解题。根据“It works only during the day”可知，太阳能不能在夜间工作，夜间工作不是优点而是缺点。故选D。A.它是清洁的，这是优点；B.它省钱，这是优点；C.它几乎不需要维护，这是优点；D.它在夜间也能工作，正确，原文说只在白天工作，夜间不能工作是缺点而非优点。 4.推理判断题。根据原文可知，答案正确。故选B。A.因为太阳能板容易坏，原因错误；B.因为阳光较少，正确；C.因为电费上涨，原因错误；D.因为维护成本高，原因错误。 5.细节理解题。根据“Scientists are working to make panels cheaper and more efficient”可知，科学家想让板更便宜更高效。故选C。A.让太阳能板更大，目标错误；B.停止使用太阳能，与原文矛盾；C.让太阳能板更便宜更高效，正确；D.建更多工厂，目标错误。 B 3D printing is a technology that builds objects layer by layer from a digital model. In vocational schools, students are now using 3D printers to create real products for their courses. For example, mechanical students print machine parts, design students print model buildings, and cooking students even print special cake molds. The biggest advantage of 3D printing in education is that students can turn their ideas into real objects quickly. This helps them understand design principles better and learn by doing, not just by reading. When a printed part does not fit, students can change the model on the computer and print again until it works. 3D printers are becoming cheaper, and some schools in Jiangxi have already set up 3D printing labs. However, teachers remind students that 3D printing is only a tool. Good design still depends on careful thinking, and safety rules must be followed when operating the machine. 6. How does 3D printing build objects? A. By cutting metal sheets. B. Layer by layer from a digital model. C. By painting on paper. D. By pouring liquid into a mold. 7. What do mechanical students print? A. Machine parts. B. Cake molds. C. Model buildings. D. Textbook covers. 8. What is the biggest advantage of 3D printing in education? A. It saves money. B. It replaces all traditional tools. C. It makes teachers' work easier. D. Students can turn ideas into real objects quickly. 9. What can students do if a printed part does not fit? A. Throw it away and start over. B. Ask the teacher to fix it. C. Change the model on the computer and print again. D. Use glue to stick it together. 10. What do teachers remind students about 3D printing? A. It is the only way to learn. B. Good design still depends on careful thinking. C. It is expensive and should be avoided. D. It is too difficult for vocational students. 【答案】6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了3D打印技术在职业教育中的应用和价值。 【详解】 6.细节理解题。根据“3D printing is a technology that builds objects layer by layer from a digital model”可知，3D打印逐层构建物体。故选B。A.切割金属薄片，方式错误；B.从数字模型逐层构建，正确；C.在纸上绘画，方式错误；D.往模具里倒液体，方式错误。 7.细节理解题。根据“mechanical students print machine parts”可知，机械学生打印机器零件。故选A。A.机器零件，正确，机械专业学生打印机器零件；B.蛋糕模具，这是烹饪专业打印的；C.建筑模型，这是设计专业打印的；D.教科书封面，未提及。 8.细节理解题。根据“The biggest advantage ... is that students can turn their ideas into real objects quickly”可知，最大优势是快速把想法变为实物。故选D。A.它省钱，未提及；B.它取代所有传统工具，过于绝对；C.它减轻教师工作，未提及；D.学生能快速将想法变成实物，正确。 9.细节理解题。根据“When a printed part does not fit, students can change the model on the computer and print again”可知，学生可以修改模型重新打印。故选C。A.扔掉重新开始，与原文矛盾；B.请老师修理，未提及；C.在电脑上修改模型再打印，正确；D.用胶水粘起来，做法错误。 10.细节理解题。根据“teachers remind students that 3D printing is only a tool. Good design still depends on careful thinking”可知，老师提醒学生好的设计需要仔细思考。故选B。A.它是学习的唯一途径，过于绝对；B.好的设计仍需认真思考，正确；C.它很贵应避免，与原文矛盾；D.对中职学生太难，与原文矛盾。 C Jiangxi Province is home to several important wetlands, including Poyang Lake, which is the largest freshwater lake in China. Wetlands are special areas where land and water meet. They are home to many birds, fish and plants that cannot live elsewhere. However, wetlands face serious threats. Pollution from factories and farms dirty the water. Some people catch too many fish, which breaks the food chain. Climate change causes droughts, and the lake area shrinks during dry years. If wetlands disappear, the birds will lose their resting places, and floods may become more common because wetlands naturally absorb extra water. To protect wetlands, Jiangxi has set up nature reserves around Poyang Lake. Rules now limit fishing and forbid harmful factories near the water. Schools also teach students about wetland protection. Everyone can help by not throwing waste into rivers, by saving water and by telling others why wetlands matter. 11. What is Poyang Lake? A. A small pond in Nanchang. B. A saltwater lake in Jiangxi. C. A man-made reservoir. D. The largest freshwater lake in China. 12. What threatens Jiangxi's wetlands? A. Too many tourists. B. Strong winds. C. Pollution, overfishing and climate change. D. New school buildings. 13. Why are wetlands important for flood control? A. They produce more rain. B. They naturally absorb extra water. C. They block rivers. D. They build walls around cities. 14. What rules has Jiangxi set up to protect wetlands? A. Rules that limit fishing and forbid harmful factories near the water. B. Rules that close all roads to the lake. C. Rules that charge visitors an entrance fee. D. Rules that stop all farming in the province. 15. What can ordinary people do to help? A. Build more factories. B. Throw waste into rivers. C. Fish as much as they want. D. Save water and tell others why wetlands matter. 【答案】11. D 12. C 13. B 14. A 15. D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了江西湿地的生态重要性及保护措施。 【详解】 11.细节理解题。根据“Poyang Lake, which is the largest freshwater lake in China”可知，鄱阳湖是中国最大的淡水湖。故选D。A.南昌的一个小池塘，规模错误；B.江西的一个咸水湖，性质错误，鄱阳湖是淡水湖；C.人工水库，性质错误；D.中国最大的淡水湖，正确。 12.细节理解题。根据原文可知，答案正确。故选C。A.游客太多，未提及；B.大风，未提及；C.污染、过度捕捞和气候变化，正确；D.新学校建筑，未提及。 13.细节理解题。根据“wetlands naturally absorb extra water”可知，湿地能天然吸收多余水量来控制洪水。故选B。A.它们产生更多雨水，原理错误；B.它们自然吸收多余的水，正确；C.它们阻塞河流，与原文矛盾；D.它们在城市周围建墙，未提及。 14.细节理解题。根据“Rules now limit fishing and forbid harmful factories near the water”可知，规定限制捕鱼和禁止有害工厂。故选A。A.限制捕捞并禁止在水边建有害工厂，正确；B.关闭所有通往湖泊的道路，过于极端；C.向游客收取门票，未提及；D.停止全省所有农业，过于极端。 15.细节理解题。根据“Everyone can help by ... saving water and by telling others why wetlands matter”可知，普通人可以节水并宣传湿地的重要性。故选D。A.建更多工厂，有害行为；B.往河里扔垃圾，有害行为；C.尽量多捕鱼，有害行为；D.节约用水并告诉他人湿地的重要性，正确。 D Sleep is essential for health and learning. Scientists have found that teenagers need 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night. During sleep, the brain organizes the information learned during the day and stores it in memory. This means that a student who sleeps well can remember lessons better. However, many vocational students do not get enough sleep. Late-night phone use, homework pressure and irregular schedules are common reasons. When students are short of sleep, they feel tired, make more mistakes in class and may even become anxious or angry more easily. To improve sleep quality, doctors suggest several steps. Keep a regular bedtime — go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends. Avoid bright screens at least one hour before sleep. Make the bedroom dark, quiet and cool. If worry keeps you awake, write down your concerns in a notebook before turning off the light. Small habits like these can make a big difference. 16. How many hours of sleep do teenagers need each night? A. 8 to 10 hours. B. 5 to 6 hours. C. 6 to 7 hours. D. 7 to 8 hours. 17. What does the brain do during sleep? A. It stops working completely. B. It organizes information and stores it in memory. C. It creates new dreams only. D. It removes all old memories. 18. What is a common reason for students' lack of sleep? A. Early morning exercise. B. Too much breakfast. C. Late-night phone use. D. Reading textbooks. 19. What should students avoid before sleep? A. Drinking warm milk. B. Listening to soft music. C. Writing in a notebook. D. Bright screens. 20. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The importance of sleep and how to improve it. B. The history of sleep research. C. The best beds for students. D. The relationship between food and dreams. 【答案】16. A 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了睡眠对健康和学习的重要性及改善方法。 【详解】 16.细节理解题。根据“teenagers need 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night”可知，青少年需要8—10小时睡眠。故选A。A.8到10小时，正确；B.5到6小时，时间不足；C.6到7小时，时间不足；D.7到8小时，时间不足。 17.细节理解题。根据“During sleep, the brain organizes the information learned during the day and stores it in memory”可知，大脑在睡眠时整理和存储信息。故选B。A.它完全停止工作，与原文矛盾；B.它整理信息并储存到记忆中，正确；C.它只创造新的梦境，片面；D.它删除所有旧记忆，与原文矛盾。 18.细节理解题。根据“Late-night phone use, homework pressure and irregular schedules are common reasons”可知，深夜玩手机是常见原因之一。故选C。A.早起锻炼，与题意相反；B.早餐太多，未提及；C.深夜使用手机，正确；D.阅读课本，未提及。 19.细节理解题。根据“Avoid bright screens at least one hour before sleep”可知，睡前应避免亮屏。故选D。A.喝温牛奶，是有益做法；B.听轻音乐，是有益做法；C.在笔记本上写字，未提及；D.明亮屏幕，正确，原文建议避免。 20.主旨大意题。根据原文可知，答案正确。故选A。A.睡眠的重要性及如何改善，正确；B.睡眠研究的历史，未提及；C.最适合学生的床，未提及；D.食物与梦境的关系，未提及。 E Recycling means turning waste materials into new products instead of throwing them away. In many communities in Jiangxi, recycling bins are now placed in streets, schools and shopping centers. The bins are usually marked with four colors: blue for paper, green for glass, red for harmful waste like batteries, and yellow for plastic. Recycling helps the environment in several ways. It reduces the amount of waste that goes into landfills. It saves natural resources — for example, recycled paper uses less wood than new paper. It also saves energy, because making products from recycled materials often needs less power than making them from raw materials. However, recycling only works when people sort their waste correctly. Putting the wrong item in the wrong bin can mix the materials and make recycling harder. Schools play an important role by teaching students how to sort waste. Some schools even hold recycling competitions to encourage students to form good habits. If everyone does a small part, the community becomes cleaner and greener. 21. What does recycling mean? A. Throwing waste into rivers. B. Burning all garbage. C. Turning waste materials into new products. D. Collecting old furniture only. 22. What color is the bin for harmful waste? A. Blue. B. Red. C. Green. D. Yellow. 23. How does recycling save natural resources? A. Recycled paper uses less wood than new paper. B. By using more electricity. C. By cutting down more trees. D. By producing more waste. 24. What happens if people put wrong items in wrong bins? A. Nothing happens. B. The bins change color automatically. C. Recycling becomes faster. D. The materials get mixed and recycling becomes harder. 25. What is the passage mainly about? A. The colors of garbage trucks. B. How to make paper from wood. C. The importance and practice of recycling. D. The cost of building recycling bins. 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了社区回收的意义、分类方法和学生参与。 【详解】 21.细节理解题。根据“Recycling means turning waste materials into new products instead of throwing them away”可知，回收是将废料转化为新产品。故选C。A.把废物扔进河里，有害行为；B.焚烧所有垃圾，有害行为；C.将废物转化为新产品，正确；D.只收集旧家具，定义不完整。 22.细节理解题。根据“red for harmful waste like batteries”可知，有害废物桶为红色。故选B。A.蓝色，颜色错误；B.红色，正确，有害垃圾用红色垃圾桶；C.绿色，颜色错误；D.黄色，颜色错误。 23.细节理解题。根据“recycled paper uses less wood than new paper”可知，回收通过减少原材料使用来节约资源。故选A。A.再生纸比新纸耗木材少，正确；B.使用更多电力，与环保矛盾；C.砍伐更多树木，与环保矛盾；D.产生更多废物，与环保矛盾。 24.细节理解题。根据“Putting the wrong item in the wrong bin can mix the materials and make recycling harder”可知，错误投放会使材料混合、增加回收难度。故选D。A.不会有任何后果，与原文矛盾；B.垃圾桶自动变色，未提及；C.回收更快，与原文矛盾；D.材料混合使回收更困难，正确。 25.主旨大意题。根据原文可知，答案正确。故选C。A.垃圾车的颜色，过于片面；B.如何用木头造纸，偏离主旨；C.回收的重要性和实践，正确；D.建造回收桶的成本，偏离主旨。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：本卷依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》编写。本系列定位为45分钟训练卷，用于课堂限时训练、周测检测和阶段复习。全卷聚焦说明文（科技发明、自然与环境）两大主题的阅读理解能力，选材贴近前沿科技、生态保护、健康生活和江西地域生态，适用于45分钟限时训练与信息提取能力诊断。 【2027版】江西省（三校生对口升学考试）《英语45分钟训练卷》 第9卷 阅读理解专项训练（二）：说明文（科技发明、自然与环境） 考试时间：45分钟 满分：100分 班级______姓名______学号______成绩______ 阅读理解（共25小题；每小题4分，满分100分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Solar energy comes from the sun and can be turned into electricity or heat. Today, more families and schools in Jiangxi are using solar panels on their rooftops. These panels catch sunlight and change it into power for lights, computers and water heaters. Solar energy has several advantages. First, it is clean — it does not produce smoke or harmful gases. Second, the sun is free, so families can save money on electricity bills. Third, solar panels can last 20 to 30 years with little maintenance. However, solar energy also has limits. It works only during the day and less well on cloudy days. Also, the cost of installing panels is still high for some families. Scientists are working to make panels cheaper and more efficient so that more people can enjoy this clean energy. 1. What is solar energy turned into? A. Wind and rain. B. Food and water. C. Electricity or heat. D. Sound and light. 2. Where are solar panels placed according to the passage? A. On rooftops. B. In gardens. C. Under the ground. D. Beside rivers. 3. Which is NOT an advantage of solar energy? A. It is clean. B. It saves money. C. It needs little maintenance. D. It works at night. 4. Why is solar energy less effective on cloudy days? A. Because panels break easily. B. Because there is less sunlight. C. Because electricity bills go up. D. Because maintenance costs are high. 5. What are scientists trying to do? A. Make panels bigger. B. Stop using solar energy. C. Make panels cheaper and more efficient. D. Build more factories. B 3D printing is a technology that builds objects layer by layer from a digital model. In vocational schools, students are now using 3D printers to create real products for their courses. For example, mechanical students print machine parts, design students print model buildings, and cooking students even print special cake molds. The biggest advantage of 3D printing in education is that students can turn their ideas into real objects quickly. This helps them understand design principles better and learn by doing, not just by reading. When a printed part does not fit, students can change the model on the computer and print again until it works. 3D printers are becoming cheaper, and some schools in Jiangxi have already set up 3D printing labs. However, teachers remind students that 3D printing is only a tool. Good design still depends on careful thinking, and safety rules must be followed when operating the machine. 6. How does 3D printing build objects? A. By cutting metal sheets. B. Layer by layer from a digital model. C. By painting on paper. D. By pouring liquid into a mold. 7. What do mechanical students print? A. Machine parts. B. Cake molds. C. Model buildings. D. Textbook covers. 8. What is the biggest advantage of 3D printing in education? A. It saves money. B. It replaces all traditional tools. C. It makes teachers' work easier. D. Students can turn ideas into real objects quickly. 9. What can students do if a printed part does not fit? A. Throw it away and start over. B. Ask the teacher to fix it. C. Change the model on the computer and print again. D. Use glue to stick it together. 10. What do teachers remind students about 3D printing? A. It is the only way to learn. B. Good design still depends on careful thinking. C. It is expensive and should be avoided. D. It is too difficult for vocational students. C Jiangxi Province is home to several important wetlands, including Poyang Lake, which is the largest freshwater lake in China. Wetlands are special areas where land and water meet. They are home to many birds, fish and plants that cannot live elsewhere. However, wetlands face serious threats. Pollution from factories and farms dirty the water. Some people catch too many fish, which breaks the food chain. Climate change causes droughts, and the lake area shrinks during dry years. If wetlands disappear, the birds will lose their resting places, and floods may become more common because wetlands naturally absorb extra water. To protect wetlands, Jiangxi has set up nature reserves around Poyang Lake. Rules now limit fishing and forbid harmful factories near the water. Schools also teach students about wetland protection. Everyone can help by not throwing waste into rivers, by saving water and by telling others why wetlands matter. 11. What is Poyang Lake? A. A small pond in Nanchang. B. A saltwater lake in Jiangxi. C. A man-made reservoir. D. The largest freshwater lake in China. 12. What threatens Jiangxi's wetlands? A. Too many tourists. B. Strong winds. C. Pollution, overfishing and climate change. D. New school buildings. 13. Why are wetlands important for flood control? A. They produce more rain. B. They naturally absorb extra water. C. They block rivers. D. They build walls around cities. 14. What rules has Jiangxi set up to protect wetlands? A. Rules that limit fishing and forbid harmful factories near the water. B. Rules that close all roads to the lake. C. Rules that charge visitors an entrance fee. D. Rules that stop all farming in the province. 15. What can ordinary people do to help? A. Build more factories. B. Throw waste into rivers. C. Fish as much as they want. D. Save water and tell others why wetlands matter. D Sleep is essential for health and learning. Scientists have found that teenagers need 8 to 10 hours of sleep each night. During sleep, the brain organizes the information learned during the day and stores it in memory. This means that a student who sleeps well can remember lessons better. However, many vocational students do not get enough sleep. Late-night phone use, homework pressure and irregular schedules are common reasons. When students are short of sleep, they feel tired, make more mistakes in class and may even become anxious or angry more easily. To improve sleep quality, doctors suggest several steps. Keep a regular bedtime — go to bed and wake up at the same time every day, even on weekends. Avoid bright screens at least one hour before sleep. Make the bedroom dark, quiet and cool. If worry keeps you awake, write down your concerns in a notebook before turning off the light. Small habits like these can make a big difference. 16. How many hours of sleep do teenagers need each night? A. 8 to 10 hours. B. 5 to 6 hours. C. 6 to 7 hours. D. 7 to 8 hours. 17. What does the brain do during sleep? A. It stops working completely. B. It organizes information and stores it in memory. C. It creates new dreams only. D. It removes all old memories. 18. What is a common reason for students' lack of sleep? A. Early morning exercise. B. Too much breakfast. C. Late-night phone use. D. Reading textbooks. 19. What should students avoid before sleep? A. Drinking warm milk. B. Listening to soft music. C. Writing in a notebook. D. Bright screens. 20. What does the passage mainly discuss? A. The importance of sleep and how to improve it. B. The history of sleep research. C. The best beds for students. D. The relationship between food and dreams. E Recycling means turning waste materials into new products instead of throwing them away. In many communities in Jiangxi, recycling bins are now placed in streets, schools and shopping centers. The bins are usually marked with four colors: blue for paper, green for glass, red for harmful waste like batteries, and yellow for plastic. Recycling helps the environment in several ways. It reduces the amount of waste that goes into landfills. It saves natural resources — for example, recycled paper uses less wood than new paper. It also saves energy, because making products from recycled materials often needs less power than making them from raw materials. However, recycling only works when people sort their waste correctly. Putting the wrong item in the wrong bin can mix the materials and make recycling harder. Schools play an important role by teaching students how to sort waste. Some schools even hold recycling competitions to encourage students to form good habits. If everyone does a small part, the community becomes cleaner and greener. 21. What does recycling mean? A. Throwing waste into rivers. B. Burning all garbage. C. Turning waste materials into new products. D. Collecting old furniture only. 22. What color is the bin for harmful waste? A. Blue. B. Red. C. Green. D. Yellow. 23. How does recycling save natural resources? A. Recycled paper uses less wood than new paper. B. By using more electricity. C. By cutting down more trees. D. By producing more waste. 24. What happens if people put wrong items in wrong bins? A. Nothing happens. B. The bins change color automatically. C. Recycling becomes faster. D. The materials get mixed and recycling becomes harder. 25. What is the passage mainly about? A. The colors of garbage trucks. B. How to make paper from wood. C. The importance and practice of recycling. D. The cost of building recycling bins. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $