精品解析：江西乐平市第四中学2025-2026学年上学期期末高一英语试卷

乐平市第四中学2025至2026学年上学期高一英语期末考试试卷听力部分第一节听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话读两遍。现在你有5秒钟的时间阅读第一小题的有关内容。If you bike through the rain, you will get all wet. Do you want to ride? I'd prefer to walk home with my umbrella. Thank you all the same. Oh, right, it's up to you. If you bike through the rain, you will get all wet. Do you want to ride? I'd prefer to walk home with my umbrella. Thank you all the same. Oh, right, it's up to you. Don't forget the chicken, darling, and pick up some . vegetables. Anything more? I'd like a rich meal today. Nothing else. Better hurry is almost noon. Don't forget the chicken, darling, and pick up some . vegetables. Anything more? I'd like a rich meal today. Nothing else. Better hurry. It's almost noon. Didn't I ask you to buy two dozen eggs? Why did you only . buy eight? I misunderstood. I thought you said to buy two boxes of eggs, so I bought two boxes with for each. Didn't I ask you to buy two dozen eggs? Why did you only . buy eight? I misunderstood. I thought you said to buy two boxes of eggs, so I bought two boxes with for each. Was IT your boss who phone you just now? No, IT was our friend hymen. He said he had invited a guest speaker. That would be great. Was IT your boss who found you just now? No, IT was our friend hymen. He said he had invited a guest . speaker that would be great. I haven't seen you for a month in gram. Oh, your tomato plants grow so well. so they do. They were small just three weeks ago. I think you'll have a good harvest in half a month. You're right. I haven't seen you for a month in gram. Oh, your tomato plants grow so well. so they do. They were small just three weeks ago. I think you'll have a good harvest in half a month. You're right. 第一节到此结束，第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的ABC3个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟。听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间，每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第六和第7两个小题。现在你有10秒钟的时间阅读这两个小题。Close your bedroom window, tom. Why I need . fresh air? The light attracts . insects at this time of day. We've been having that problem in this mountain village. That sounds terrible. I really hate insects. Can we rent a house in town? No need. There's no problem as long as you close your bedroom window. Besides, the rent will be much cheaper here. But now i'm feeling terribly scared. Be a man, dear. I will. Mom. close your bedroom window. Tom, why I need . fresh air. The light attracts . insects at this time of day. We've been having that problem in this mountain village. That sounds terrible. I really hate insects. Can we rent a house in town? No need. There's no problem. As long as you close your bedroom window. Besides, the rent will be much cheaper here. But now i'm feeling terribly scared. Be a man. dear. I will, mom. 听下面一段对话，回答第八至第13个小题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。Sarah, he always looked tired these days. What's going on? I haven't been sleeping well for the couple of nights. I'm feeling so tired, even coffee doesn't help. I'm sorry to hear that. Are you feeling ill? No. it's just that there's been so much work to do at the office. I can't keep up with IT. I don't even have time to go for a run because I get home too late. But your assistant ella is really capable. yes, but he has gone abroad for a further education. Why don't you hire someone new? I've already interviewed have a dozen people, but none have met my expectations. No wonder. Sarah. you're always looked tired these days. What's going on? I haven't been sleeping well for the past couple of nights. I'm feeling so tired, even coffee doesn't help. I'm sorry to hear that. Are you feeling ill? No, it's just that there's been so much work to do at the office. I can't keep up with IT. I don't even have time to go for a run because I get home too late. But your assistant ella is really capable, yes. but he has gone abroad for further education. Why don't you hire someone new? I've already interviewed half dozen people, but none have met my expectations. No wonder. 听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13 3个小题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。James, what courses did . you take? History, literature, law and language? Do you think you . can all pass? I bet i've passed, but i'm not sure what grades I will get. I wants to study economics at the university of calgary, but they won't give . me a chance. You are not allowed. why? Unless I get at least three days in all my courses, can you make IT? I'm not sure. I'm especially worried about my literature. It's a bit tough and . complicated cheer. You still have chances without literature. thanks. When will you get your results? Not until the day after tomorrow. I'm now on pension needles. Take IT easy. What will you do if you are allowed to? I suppose i'll take up economics for another year. Good luck to you. Oh, i'm going to take an exam. Bye, James. What courses did you take? History. literature, law and language? Do you think you can all pass? I bet i've passed. but i'm not sure what grades I will get. I want to study economics at the university of calgary, but they won't give . me a chance. You are not allowed. why? Unless I get at least three days in all my courses. can you make IT? I'm not sure i'm especially worried about my literature. It's a bit tough and complicated. Cheer up. You still have chances without literature. thanks. When will you get your results? Not until the day after tomorrow. I'm now on pinson needles. Take IT easy. Or what will you do if you are allowed to? I suppose i'll take up economics for another year. Good luck to you. Oh, i'm going to take an exam. bye. 听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17 4个小题。现在你有20秒钟的时间阅读这四个小题。So Jason, I have a few questions for you. Go ahead. Could you explain why you believe you're a good fit for our team? Certainly, one of my strength is building long term customer relationships. For example, when I headed the customer support department at my previous company, our team result about three quarters of our customer issues. I decided we needed Better information and technical preparation on our products. So after I conducted a few training exercises with our technical department, we were able to do much Better. Given the opportunity, i'm confident I can copy this success here. amazing. What would you say is your weakness? Honestly, my main chAllenge has been time management. I find IT hard to organize my time. However, I have recently attended a workshop on ti management and efficiency, which has helped me overcome this issue. ExcEllent, we will let you know our decision by next week. Thank you. I look forward to hearing from you. So Jason, I have a few questions for you. Go ahead. Could you explain why you believe you are a good fit for our team? Certainly, one of my strength is building long term customer relationships. For example, when I headed the customer support department at my previous company, our team resolved about three quarters of our customer issues. I decided we needed Better information and technical preparation on our products. So after I conducted a few training exercises with our technical department, we were able to do much Better. Given the opportunity, i'm confidence I can copy this success here. amazing. What would you say is your weakness? Honestly, my main chAllenge has been time management. I find IT hard to organize my time. However, I have recently attended a workshop on time management and efficiency, which has helped me overcome this issue. ExcEllent, we will let you know our decision by next week. Thank you. I look forward to hearing from you. 听下面一段独白，回答第18至第23个小题。现在你有15秒钟的时间阅读这三个小题。Dear amy, how are you? I want to share something about my day at high school here in china. Every morning I wake up at six thirty, and after a quick breakfast, I take the bus to school. Classes start at eight o'clock. We have a short break in the morning where I catch up with my friends. Lunch is at twelve o'clock, and I usually eat with my classmates in the school cafeteria. The food is pretty good, and we have a lot of choices in the afternoon. We have more classes like history, geography and science school's andes at five pm, but I often stay for extra curricle activities. I joined the art club and the basketball team. These activities have helped me make new friends and feel more connected to the school community. The workload in high school is heavier than in middle school, and I am still getting used to the longer hours. However, my teachers and classmates are very supportive, which makes the transition easier. I miss you a lot and hope we can meet during the holidays. I can't wait to tell you more about my school life in person. Take care and write back soon. Best wishes. Dear amy, how are you? I want to share something about my day at high school here in china. Every morning I wake up at six thirty, and after a quick breakfast, I take the bus to school. Classes start at eight o'clock. We have a short break in the morning where I catch up with my friends. Lunch is at twelve o'clock, and I usually eat with my classmates in the school cafeteria. The food is pretty good, and we have a lot of choices in the afternoon. We have more classes like history, geography and science. School lens at five P. M, but I often stay for extra curricular activities. I joined the art club and the basketball team. These activities have helped me make new friends and feel more connected to the school community. The workload in high school is heavier than in middle school, and I am still getting used to the longer hours. However, my teachers and classmates are very supportive, which makes the transition easier. I miss you a lot and hope we can meet during the holidays. I can't wait to tell you more about my school life in person. Take care and write back soon. Best wishes, leos an. 第二节到此结束。 2025—2026上学期高一英语期末考试试卷 本试卷共8页，满分150分。考试时间：120分钟。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How will the woman go home? A. By bike. B. By car. C. On foot. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】M: If you bike through the rain, you will get all wet. Do you want a ride? W: I’d prefer to walk home with my umbrella. Thank you all the same. M: All right. It’s up to you. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What meal are the speakers probably preparing for? A. Breakfast. B. Lunch. C. Supper. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: Don’t forget the chicken, darling. And pick up some vegetables. M: Anything more? I’d like a rich meal today. W: Nothing else. Better hurry. It’s almost noon. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How many eggs does the woman want? A. 4. B. 8. C. 24. 【答案】C 【解析】 【原文】W: Didn’t I ask you to buy two dozen eggs? Why did you only buy 8? M: I misunderstood. I thought you said to buy two boxes of eggs, so I bought two boxes with 4 each. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Who made the phone call? A. Hyman. B. The woman’s boss. C. The guest speaker. 【答案】A 【解析】 【原文】M: Was it your boss who phoned you just now? W: No, it was our friend Hyman. He said he had invited a guest speaker. M: That would be great. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 When will the tomatoes be harvested (丰收)? A. In a month. B. In 2 weeks. C. In 3 weeks. 【答案】B 【解析】 【原文】W: I haven’t seen you for a month, Ingram. Oh, your tomato plants grow so well. M: So they do. They were small just three weeks ago. W: I think you’ll have a good harvest in half a month. M: You’re right. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. Why should the window be closed? A. To block out light. B. To keep out the cold air. C. To prevent insects from entering. 7. Where do the speakers live? A. In a village. B. In a city. C. In a town. 【答案】6. C 7. A 【解析】 【原文】W: Close your bedroom window, Tom. M: Why? I need fresh air. W: The light attracts insects at this time of day. We’ve been having that problem in this mountain village. M: That sounds terrible. I really hate insects. Can we rent a house in town? W: No need. There’s no problem as long as you close your bedroom window. Besides, the rent will be much cheaper here. M: But now I’m feeling terribly scared. W: Be a man, dear. M: I will, Mom. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What is Sarah’s problem? A. She feels really tired. B. She can’t keep up with Jacob. C. She is ill due to overwork. 9. Who is Ella? A. Jacob’s assistant. B. A foreign student. C. Sarah’s coworker. 10. What has Sarah been trying to do? A. Cut back on coffee. B. Pursue further studies. C. Hire a new worker. 【答案】8. A 9. C 10. C 【解析】 【原文】M: Sarah, you always look tired these days. What’s going on? W: I haven’t been sleeping well for the past couple of nights. I’m feeling so tired. Even coffee doesn’t help! M: I’m sorry to hear that. Are you feeling ill? W: No, it’s just that there’s been so much work to do at the office. I can’t keep up with it. I don’t even have time to go for a run because I get home too late. M: But your assistant Ella is really capable. W: Yes, but she has gone abroad for further education. M: Why don’t you hire someone new? W: I’ve already interviewed half a dozen people, but none have met my expectations. M: No wonder. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Friends. B. Strangers. C. Teacher and student. 12. How can James be admitted into the University of Calgary? A. By achieving 3 A’s. B. By passing the 4 courses. C. By getting an A in literature. 13. What major is James planning to study? A. History. B. Literature. C. Economics. 【答案】11. A 12. A 13. C 【解析】 【原文】W: James, what courses did you take? M: History, literature, law, and language. W: Do you think you can all pass? M: I bet I’ve passed, but I’m not sure what grades I will get. I want to study economics at the University of Calgary, but they won’t give me a chance. W: You’re not allowed? Why? M: Unless I get at least three A’s in all my courses. W: Can you make it? M: I’m not sure. I’m especially worried about my literature. It’s a bit tough and complicated. W: Cheer up! You still have chances without literature. M: Thanks! W: When will you get your results? M: Not until the day after tomorrow. I’m now on pins and needles. W: Take it easy. What will you do if you are allowed to? M: I suppose I’ll take up economics for another year. W: Good luck to you! Oh, I’m going to take an exam. Bye! 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. What does the woman probably do? A. A manager. B. A headmaster. C. A technician. 15. What is Jason’s strength? A. Being good at product design. B. Getting on well with customers. C. Providing necessary information. 16. What area does Jason need to improve? A. Training workers. B. Time management. C. Problem-solving skills. 17. What are the speakers doing? A. Conducting a job interview. B. Organizing a meeting. C. Discussing a project. 【答案】14. A 15. B 16. B 17. A 【解析】 【原文】W: So, Jason, I have a few questions for you. M: Go ahead. W: Could you explain why you believe you’re a good fit for our team? M: Certainly. One of my strengths is building long-term customer relationships. For example, when I headed the customer support department at my previous company, our team resolved about three-quarters of our customer issues. I decided we needed better information and technical preparation on our products. So after I conducted a few training exercises with our technical department, we were able to do much better. Given the opportunity, I’m confident I can copy this success here. W: Amazing! What would you say is your weakness? M: Honestly, my main challenge has been time management. I find it hard to organize my time. However, I have recently attended a workshop on time management and efficiency, which has helped me overcome this issue. W: Excellent! We will let you know our decision by next week. M: Thank you. I look forward to hearing from you. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. When does Liu Xin usually get up? A. At 6:00. B. At 6:30. C. At 7:00. 19. What does Liu Xin say about the school cafeteria? A. It is pretty crowded. B. It offers many kinds of food. C. It is far from teaching buildings. 20. Which extra-curricular activities did Liu Xin join? A. Soccer team and music club. B. Tennis team and drama club. C. Basketball team and art club. 【答案】18. B 19. B 20. C 【解析】 【原文】W: Dear Amy, How are you? I want to share something about my day at high school here in China. Every morning, I wake up at 6:30 and after a quick breakfast, I take the bus to school. Classes start at 8:00. We have a short break in the morning where I catch up with my friends. Lunch is at 12:00, and I usually eat with my classmates in the school cafeteria. The food is pretty good, and we have a lot of choices. In the afternoon, we have more classes like history, geography, and science. School ends at 5:00 p.m., but I often stay for extra-curricular activities. I joined the art club and the basketball team. These activities have helped me make new friends and feel more connected to the school community. The workload in high school is heavier than in middle school, and I am still getting used to the longer hours. However, my teachers and classmates are very supportive, which makes the transition easier. I miss you a lot and hope we can meet during the holidays. I can’t wait to tell you more about my school life in person. Take care and write back soon! Best wishes, Liu Xin 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A BIG4 BREEZE HOLIDAY PARKS Visitors to Carnarvon Gorge will be very impressed with Big4 Breeze Holiday Parks, the only year-round campground in the area. Set in a beautiful bushland setting, it’s the perfect place to disconnect from the busy city life and reconnect with nature. There are three huge kitchen areas complete with gas stoves and barbecues. Guests exchange stories over rich and tasty dinners and there is a great atmosphere in the evenings, though the lights are out at 10 p.m. An on-site shop has small but different kinds of food and drinks, as well as an Internet service, pay phones, a book exchange and outdoor seating. From April to October, there are bush walks and free film nights. There’s a nearby creek (小溪) where you can find wild animals in the early morning and a watchtower with fantastic views five minutes’ walk from the campground. Guests can choose from 25 unpowered campsites and 20 powered sites. Cost: Unpowered Site Powered site Cost $ 40 per night $ 50 per night Guests included in price 2 2 Extra fee $ 20 per adult per night $ 10 per child per night $ 20 per adult per night $ 10 per child per night Book before 19 Dec 2024 and save! Stay at least 7 nights on either a powered or unpowered site and enjoy 30% off. Tel: (07) 45677890 Email: takarakka@takarakka.com.au 21. What can guests enjoy at Big4 Breeze Holiday Parks? A. Free film nights all year round. B. A store that sells tents regularly. C. Private kitchens with good stoves. D. Opportunities for wildlife viewing. 22. What is the lowest cost for a family (2 adults+2 kids) to stay 7 nights on a powered site? A. $ 294. B. $ 343. C. $ 441. D. $ 490. 23. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A club poster. B. A geography textbook. C. A travel guidebook. D. A science website. 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 【解析】 【导语】文章介绍 Big4 Breeze 假日营地设施、活动、收费标准与预订优惠信息。 【21题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“There’s a nearby creek (小溪) where you can find wild animals in the early morning and a watchtower with fantastic views five minutes’ walk from the campground.(营地附近有一条小溪，清晨你能在那里看到野生动物，步行五分钟还有一座视野绝佳的瞭望塔。)”可知，游客有机会观赏野生动物。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据表格中第一行和第二行可知，供电营地每晚基础价50澳元（含2位成人）。根据第三行可知，2名儿童每晚额外各收10澳元，7晚总价为(50+10×2)×7=490澳元；再根据表格下方的“Book before 19 Dec 2024 and save! Stay at least 7 nights on either a powered or unpowered site and enjoy 30% off.(2024年12月19日前预订可享优惠！在供电或非供电营地连续入住至少7晚，可享受7折优惠。)”可知，490澳元打7折后为343澳元。 【23题详解】 推理判断题。全文围绕假日公园的设施、游玩项目、收费规则展开，是面向游客的出行参考内容，符合旅行指南的内容属性。 B Ray Tokuda, a 54-year-old Japanese American, is proud of the title his school has given him. He is a Shifu, a Chinese word meaning a master of martial arts (武术). Tokuda has reason to be proud. He has been involved with Chinese martial arts for almost forty years. After learning them at the martial arts school in New Mexico State, today he is among the most experienced kung fu teachers of the school. Practicing martial arts two to three hours and helping students improve their skills have become Tokuda’s daily routine. He expects to practice and teach martial arts for the rest of his life. “I’m still learning. It’s worth more than a lifetime to learn Chinese martial arts,” he said. “Once I started, I just couldn’t stop. I think it’s also the magic of Chinese culture.” Tokuda was sent to the martial arts school when he was 10. He still remembers how unwilling he was when starting out. “My father had always wanted to learn Chinese martial arts but he never got the chance, so he wanted his kid to learn it,” he said. “I was so afraid at that time because I thought kung fu was all about fighting.” But things changed after he learned that martial arts were more than punching and kicking. “One of the things martial arts teach me is overcoming difficulties,” Tokuda said. “As a little kid, my first lesson was like, oh, look, this is a thing that I can get through by hard work and perseverance (毅力), and that was priceless for my life.” Learning Chinese martial arts opened a gateway for him to better understand Chinese culture because he could hear a lot of ancient Chinese kung fu-related stories. He said, “I feel martial arts preserve something of ancient China that can’t be found in books. They are sort of an oral history.” Tokuda has also been invited to various events in his home state to show traditional Chinese culture, including the dragon dance and lion dance, which he also learnt at the martial arts school. Because of this, he is now considered a cultural envoy (使者) in the eyes of the public. 24. What is the sentence component of the underlined part in Paragraph 1? A. 同位语 B. 定语 C. 状语 D. 宾语 25. Why didn’t Tokuda want to learn kung fu at first? A. Because he had thought it was about fighting. B. Because he had thought it was magical. C. Because he had thought it was practical. D. Because he had thought it was difficult. 26. From the passage, what can we learn about Tokuda? A. He is the most experienced kung fu teacher of his state. B. He is the founder of the kung fu school. C. He learnt martial arts from his father. D. He learnt from martial arts how to deal with difficulties. 27. Which of the following words can best describe Tokuda? A. Outgoing and friendly. B. Talented and humorous. C. Determined and hard-working. D. Responsible and confident. 【答案】24. A 25. A 26. D 27. C 【解析】 【导语】本文讲述了美籍日裔武术家Ray Tokuda的习武与文化传播经历。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“He is a Shifu, a Chinese word meaning a master of martial arts (武术).(他被称为“师父”，这是一个中文词汇，意思是武术大师。)”可知，a Chinese word meaning a master of martial arts (武术)是对前文“Shifu”这个词的含义补充说明，属于同位语成分。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中“I was so afraid at that time because I thought kung fu was all about fighting.(那时我很害怕，因为我以为功夫就只是打斗。)”可知，他最初不想学功夫是误以为功夫等同于打斗。 【26题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中““One of the things martial arts teach me is overcoming difficulties,” Tokuda said.(“武术教会我的一件重要的事，就是战胜困难，”Tokuda说道)”可知，他从武术中学会了如何应对困难。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中“He has been involved with Chinese martial arts for almost forty years.(他投身中国武术近四十年。)”和第三段中“Practicing martial arts two to three hours and helping students improve their skills have become Tokuda’s daily routine.(每天练习两到三小时武术、帮助学生提升技艺成了他的日常。)”可知，他是一个意志坚定且勤奋的人。 C Open an app on your smart phone and scan the code bar (条形码) on the garbage can (垃圾桶). When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get for doing so. Such a way of handling garbage has appeared in some cities. It will become more popular in the future. Yes, we are talking about smart garbage cans. Chinese cities produce over 200 million tons of garbage each year. The environmental problems have become constant headaches in the development of those cities. Encouraging garbage classification has become an effective way to solve the problems. In some cities, a variety of multi-functional smart garbage cans are being put into use. In Beijing, for example, a smart garbage can is equipped with a LED screen, which shows not only national policies on garbage classification but also the correct steps for garbage sorting. It can also calculate the weight of the garbage and the accumulated points one can get. They can be traded for some goods of daily use. Another kind of garbage can is even smarter. Its body is actually a screen. It is equipped with some sensors. When people throw garbage into it, these sensors can automatically tell the types of the garbage. Meanwhile, people can see how to deal with them. It is no wonder that residents cheered for such garbage cans’ presence. Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue. It will affect China’s transformation toward green development. With smart garbage cans in our daily life, the idea of garbage sorting will become more established. Our dream of building a greener and more beautiful China will come true so long as we start to make small changes right now. 28. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To explain how to use a smart phone app. B. To show the popularity of garbage classification. C. To describe the weight of garbage in cities. D. To introduce the concept of smart garbage cans. 29. What do we know about the smart garbage cans? A. Beijing is the first city to use them. B. They are very helpful in garbage sorting. C. They can’t tell the types of the garbage. D. They have appeared in most cities in China. 30. What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The sensors. B. Different types of the garbage. C. Various garbage cans. D. The accumulated points. 31. What’s the author’s attitude toward the smart garbage cans? A. Indifferent. B. Uncertain. C. Supportive. D. Worried. 【答案】28. D 29. B 30. B 31. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍了智能垃圾桶在我国城市的推广与应用，阐述了其在推进垃圾分类、助力绿色发展方面的重要作用与广阔前景。 【28题详解】 推理判断题。​根据第一段中“Open an app on your smart phone and scan the code bar (条形码) on the garbage can (垃圾桶). When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get for doing so.(打开智能手机上的应用程序，扫描垃圾桶上的条形码。当你把垃圾扔进垃圾桶时，它会显示垃圾的重量以及你因此能获得的积分)”和“Yes, we are talking about smart garbage cans.(是的，我们谈论的就是智能垃圾桶)”可知，第一段通过描述具体的操作流程，旨在引出“智能垃圾桶”这一概念。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。​根据第三段中“Its body is actually a screen. It is equipped with some sensors. When people throw garbage into it, these sensors can automatically tell the types of the garbage.(它的机身实际上是一个屏幕。它配备了一些传感器。当人们把垃圾扔进去时，这些传感器能自动辨别垃圾的种类)”以及最后一段“It will affect China’s transformation toward green development. With smart garbage cans in our daily life, the idea of garbage sorting will become more established.(它将影响中国向绿色发展的转型。随着智能垃圾桶进入我们的日常生活，垃圾分类的理念将更加深入人心)”可知，智能垃圾桶在垃圾分类中起到了非常积极的作用。 【30题详解】 词句猜测题。​根据第三段中“Another kind of garbage can is even smarter. Its body is actually a screen. It is equipped with some sensors. When people throw garbage into it, these sensors can automatically tell the types of the garbage. Meanwhile, people can see how to deal with them. It is no wonder that residents cheered for such garbage cans’ presence.(还有一种垃圾桶则更为智能。它的桶身其实就是一块屏幕，并配备了一些传感器。当人们把垃圾扔进去时，这些传感器能自动识别垃圾的种类。与此同时，人们还能从中看到该如何处理它们。难怪居民们都为这类垃圾桶的到来而欢呼雀跃)”可知，智能垃圾桶能够识别垃圾种类，还能让人们看到如何处理这些垃圾，故“them”指代前文的“Different types of the garbage.(不同种类的垃圾)”。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。​根据最后一段中“Our dream of building a greener and more beautiful China will come true so long as we start to make small changes right now.(只要我们当下就开始做出微小的改变，建设一个更加绿色、美丽中国的梦想就会实现)”以及文中对智能垃圾桶功能的详细描述可知，作者对智能垃圾桶持积极肯定的态度。 D Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures (手势) that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges. Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member. “That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said, “They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.” Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said. Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, showing: “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mother’s back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter. Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”. “The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information included in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey (传递) with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.” 32. What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter? A. Memorizing specific words. B. Understanding complex information. C. Communicating messages on purpose. D. Using voices to communicate. 33. What did Dr Shultz think of the study? A. It was a good try but the findings were limited. B. It was well designed but poorly conducted. C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable. D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise. 34. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean? A. Conflict. B. Difference. C. Balance. D. Connection. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Chimpanzee behavior study achieved a breakthrough B. Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated C. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom D. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills 【答案】32. C 33. A 34. B 35. B 【解析】 【导语】本文介绍了野生黑猩猩手势交流含义的相关研究成果。 【32题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member.(她表示，只有人类和黑猩猩拥有这样的交流体系，会刻意向族群中的其他成员传递信息。)”可知，二者的共同点是有目的地传递信息。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。根据第六段“Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”. (来自曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨博士表示，这项研究在丰富人类对语言进化的认知方面值得肯定，但她补充称，相关研究结果“有些令人失望”。)”可知，她认为这是一次不错的尝试，但研究发现存在局限。 【34题详解】 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey (传递) with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.(此外，这些手势的含义似乎并未超出其他动物通过非语言交流所能传递的范畴，所以二者之间的gulf依然存在。)”可知，黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在差异。所以此处指人类和黑猩猩的交流体系仍存在明显差异，gulf意为“差异”。 【35题详解】 主旨大意题。根据首段中的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures (手势) that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate.(研究人员说，他们已经翻译了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含义。)”可知，本文主要讲述的是研究者破译了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势含义，并阐述了其研究发现的意义。B选项“Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated(黑猩猩的“语言”：交流手势含义得以破译)”符合题意。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Is it ever too late to learn a new skill? The answer is: absolutely not! ____36____. It can change your life in many ways — from boosting your career to helping you discover a new interest. All you need is focus and some helpful learning strategies. Teach yourself using many sources. The best learning materials vary based on the skill you want to develop. ____37____ There are many learning materials that are free to use, including textbooks, online videos, and even blog posts. Do an online search for sources and check your local library for helpful books. Learn through practical experience. The most effective way to learn something is just to do it! Books and tutorials are excellent primers (入门指南), but try to start performing the new skill as soon as possible. Learn through trial (试验) and error rather than spending all your time on theories and memorization. ____38____ Teach someone else. Teaching a skill enables you to understand it better. Why? By teaching someone else, you first have to think about the skill or subject and break it down into easily explainable pieces. ____39____ You can also make an informative presentation about the subject or start a blog about your learning process. ____40____ A plan will help you stay on track with your new hobby. Devote at least 20 hours to learning the skill; research shows that spending 20 hours on any skill will greatly improve your understanding and ability. Reserve practice time for days when you have plenty of free time and the time of day when you feel most alert (机敏的). A. Give yourself tests. B. Learning new things is beneficial at any age. C. Set a study or practice schedule. D. The better you can explain something, the better you understand it. E. Apply the ideas you’ve learned and find out what works best for you in practice. F. You can learn new things without paying for a class. G. Ask people you know if they can recommend a teacher to you. 【答案】36. B 37. F 38. E 39. D 40. C 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述任何年龄学新技能都不晚，并介绍了四种实用有效的学习策略。 【36题详解】 由上文“Is it ever too late to learn a new skill? The answer is: absolutely not! (学习一项新技能会太晚吗？答案绝对是否定的！)”及下文“It can change your life in many ways — from boosting your career to helping you discover a new interest. (它能在很多方面改变你的生活——从促进职业发展，到帮助你发现新的兴趣。)”可知，上文否定了“学技能太晚”的观点，下文讲学习新技能的好处，本空应进一步强调任何年龄学习新事物都有益。B选项“在任何年龄学习新事物都是有益的。”能承上启下，符合语境。 【37题详解】 由上文“Teach yourself using many sources. The best learning materials vary based on the skill you want to develop. (利用多种资源自学。最佳的学习材料会因你想要培养的技能而有所不同。)”及下文“There are many learning materials that are free to use, including textbooks, online videos, and even blog posts. (有许多免费可用的学习材料，包括教科书、在线视频，甚至博客文章。)”可知，上文提到多渠道获取学习资料，下文列举了各类免费资源，本空应说明不花钱也能学习新东西。F选项“不用报班付费，你也可以学习新事物。”能承上启下，符合语境。 【38题详解】 由上文“Learn through practical experience. The most effective way to learn something is just to do it! Books and tutorials are excellent primers (入门指南), but try to start performing the new skill as soon as possible. Learn through trial (试验) and error rather than spending all your time on theories and memorization.(通过实践经验学习。学习某件事最有效的方法就是直接动手去做！书籍和教程是很好的入门指南，但你要尽快开始实操这项新技能。通过反复试错来学习，而非把全部时间花在理论和记忆上。)”可知，本段核心是强调实践的重要性，本空应是对动手实践、试错学习的总结或延伸。E选项“应用你学到的理念，找出在实践中最适合你的方法。”能承接上文，符合语境。 【39题详解】 由上文“Teaching a skill enables you to understand it better. Why? By teaching someone else, you first have to think about the skill or subject and break it down into easily explainable pieces. (教授一项技能能让你更好地理解它。为什么？因为教别人时，你必须先思考这项技能或主题，并将其拆解为容易解释的部分。)”及下文“You can also make an informative presentation about the subject or start a blog about your learning process. (你也可以就该主题做一个内容丰富的演示，或者开一个记录自己学习过程的博客。)”可知，上文解释了“教能促进理解”的原因，本空应进一步说明“讲解”与“理解”的关系，下文则给出具体的“教”的方式。D选项“你能把某件事解释得越好，就说明你对它的理解越透彻。”承接上文逻辑，引出下文的具体做法，符合语境。 【40题详解】 由下文“A plan will help you stay on track with your new hobby. Devote at least 20 hours to learning the skill; research shows that spending 20 hours on any skill will greatly improve your understanding and ability. Reserve practice time for days when you have plenty of free time and the time of day when you feel most alert (机敏的).(一个计划能帮你在培养新爱好的过程中保持进度。至少投入20小时学习这项技能，研究表明花20小时练习任意技能都能大幅提升你的理解与实操能力。把练习时间预留到你空闲充足、一天中思维最机敏的时段。)”可知，下文围绕“制定学习计划、安排练习时间”展开，本空应是本段的主题句。C选项“制定学习或练习时间表。”能概括全段内容，符合语境。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 The air is ____41____ and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. To our left, snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we’re here — to ____42____ Tibetan antelopes (藏羚羊). Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass, I’m ____43____ by their beauty. I’m also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur. My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a ____44____ for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, the land is sacred and protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “We’re not trying to save the animals,” he says. “____45____, we’re trying to save ourselves.” The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make ____46____. Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built. In order to save this species from ____47____, the Chinese government ____48____ it under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from ____49____. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains. The measures were ____50____. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the ____51____ species list. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the ____52____ to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. In the evening, I drink a cup of tea and watch the stars. I ____53____ the antelopes and what Zhaxi told me. Much is being done to protect ____54____, but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to ____55____ in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 41. A. thick B. thin C. sacred D. valuable 42. A. observe B. remind C. hunt D. move 43. A. trapped B. disappeared C. struck D. reserved 44. A. shelter B. nation C. city D. population 45. A. Gradually B. Safely C. Unfortunately D. Actually 46. A. habitat B. railways C. vehicles D. profits 47. A. protection B. production C. extinction D. exploration 48. A. added B. placed C. reduced D. shot 49. A. attacks B. habitats C. species D. lists 50. A. ineffective B. graceful C. efficient D. effective 51. A. astonishing B. precious C. endangered D. plain 52. A. benefits B. survival C. programs D. threats 53. A. go about B. think about C. talk about D. bring about 54. A. lifeblood B. lifestyle C. wildlife D. lifeboat 55. A. exist B. remove C. recover D. reserve 【答案】41. B 42. A 43. C 44. A 45. D 46. D 47. C 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. C 52. D 53. B 54. C 55. A 【解析】 【导语】文章主要讲述探访藏羚羊保护区，见证保护工作与生态理念的故事。 【41题详解】 考查形容词。句意：空气稀薄，我们在从营地出发的短途徒步中要休息好几次。A. thick浓密的；B. thin稀薄的；C. sacred神圣的；D. valuable有价值的。根据下文“we have to rest several times on the short hike”及“snow-covered mountains”可知，在短途徒步中要休息好几次以及白雪覆盖的山脉，说明高海拔地区空气稀薄导致呼吸困难。 【42题详解】 考查动词。句意：这就是我们来这里的原因——观察藏羚羊。A. observe观察；B. remind提醒；C. hunt狩猎；D. move移动。根据下文“Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass”可知，下文描述藏羚羊栖息在西藏、新疆和青海的平原地带，看着它们缓缓穿行在青草地间，说明作者此行目的是观察野生动物。 【43题详解】 考查动词。句意：看着它们缓缓穿过绿草，我被它们的美丽震撼了。A. trapped困住；B. disappeared消失；C. struck打动，触动；D. reserved保留。根据下文“by their beauty”可知，藏羚羊的优雅姿态深深吸引了作者，作者被它们的美丽迷住了。be struck by为固定搭配，表示“被……震撼、打动”。 【44题详解】 考查名词。句意：该保护区是藏北动植物的庇护所。A. shelter庇护所；B. nation国家；C. city城市；D. population人口。根据上文“He works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a ”可知，自然保护区的核心功能是为野生动植物提供生存庇护。 【45题详解】 考查副词。句意：“我们实际上是在试图拯救我们自己。”A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Safely安全地；C. Unfortunately不幸地；D. Actually实际上。根据上文“We’re not trying to save the animals”和下文“we’re trying to save ourselves”可知，我们不是在试图拯救动物，此处强调保护动物实际上是在保护人类自身。 【46题详解】 考查名词。句意：猎人们射杀藏羚羊以牟利。A. habitat栖息地；B. railways铁路；C. vehicles车辆；D. profits利润。根据上文“They are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur.”和“Hunters were shooting antelopes to make”可知，盗猎者捕杀藏羚羊是为了获取经济利益。make profits意为“获利”。 【47题详解】 考查名词。句意：为了将这一物种从灭绝中拯救出来，中国政府将其列为国家保护动物。A. protection保护；B. production生产；C. extinction灭绝；D. exploration探索。根据上文“In order to save this species from”和下文“the Chinese government_______ it under national protection”可知，实施保护是为了防止物种彻底消失。 【48题详解】 考查动词。句意：为了将这一物种从灭绝中拯救出来，中国政府将其列为国家保护动物。A. added增加；B. placed放置；C. reduced减少；D. shot射击。根据下文“under national protection”可知，政府通过立法手段确立其受保护地位。place sth. under protection表示“将某物置于保护之下”。 【49题详解】 考查名词。句意：扎西和其他志愿者日夜守护藏羚羊，保护它们免受袭击。A. attacks袭击；B. habitats栖息地；C. species物种；D. lists名单。根据上文“They are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur”、“Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from”可知，志愿者巡逻是为了防范盗猎者的攻击。 【50题详解】 考查形容词。句意：这些措施卓有成效。A. ineffective无效的；B. graceful优雅的；C. efficient有效率的（常形容人）；D. effective有效的。根据下文“The antelope population has recovered”可知，藏羚羊数量已恢复，保护措施取得了实际效果。 【51题详解】 考查形容词。句意：藏羚羊的种群数量已经恢复，2015年6月，藏羚羊从濒危物种名录中被移除。A. astonishing惊人的；B. precious珍贵的；C. endangered濒危的；D. plain平坦的。根据上文“The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the”及“In order to save this species from ______, the Chinese government ______ it under national protection”提到为了将这一物种从灭绝中拯救出来，中国政府将其列为国家保护动物可知，藏羚羊此前属于濒临灭绝的物种，此处指藏羚羊的种群数量已经恢复，所以藏羚羊从濒危物种名录中被移除。 【52题详解】 考查名词。句意：然而，政府并不打算停止保护计划，因为对藏羚羊的威胁尚未消失。A. benefits益处；B. survival生存；C. programs项目；D. threats威胁。根据上文盗猎和栖息地减少等问题及“have not yet disappeared”可知，政府并不打算停止保护计划，虽然种群恢复，但危险因素依然存在。 【53题详解】 考查动词短语。句意：我想起藏羚羊以及扎西告诉我的话。A. go about着手做；B. think about想起，思考；C. talk about谈论；D. bring about引起。根据下文“the antelopes and what Zhaxi told me”可知，作者在夜晚静思时回想起白天的见闻。 【54题详解】 考查名词。句意：为了保护野生动物，我们已经做了很多。A. lifeblood生命线；B. lifestyle生活方式；C. wildlife野生动物；D. lifeboat救生艇。根据上文“Much is being done to protect ”可知，为了保护藏羚羊等动物做了很多工作。 【55题详解】 考查动词。句意：只有当我们学会与自然和谐共存时，我们才能停止对野生动物和地球的威胁。A. exist存在；B. remove移除；C. recover恢复；D. reserve储备。根据下文“in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet”及全文倡导的生态理念可知，人类需要与自然共生。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Weifang is known for its traditional handicrafts (手工艺品). It is home to 17 items of national-level intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage, including kites, woodblock printing ____56____ paper-cutting. The Weifang International Kite Festival ____57____ (hold) since 1984, attracting tourists from all over the world. Kite-making here dates back over 600 years. From design to frame making, 61 steps are needed ____58____ (finish) making a kite. Yangjiabu, ____59____ is in Hanting District, is one of the three woodblock production ____60____ (center) in China. Carving, printing and packaging are done by hand. The Yangjiabu Folk Art Grand View Garden is ____61____ popular destination, with an average of nearly 1,000 visitors a day during low seasons and several thousand during busy seasons. Apart from ____62____ (it) focus on culture, Weifang is developing high-tech industries now. Its latest industries are energy storage (储能), the metaverse and industrial mother machines (machines used to manufacture machines). Weichai, a leading power-train producer, has applied new-generation information technology ____63____ its production. It has ____64____ (great) improved efficiency with the help of robots. Weifang’s education also provides strong support for the industries. By ____65____ (combine) its culture, education and technology, Weifang can achieve high-quality development. 【答案】56. and 57. has been held 58. to finish 59. which 60. centers 61. a 62. its 63. to 64. greatly 65. combining 【解析】 【导语】文章主要介绍潍坊非遗特色与高新产业融合发展的相关情况。 【56题详解】 考查连词。句意：这里拥有17项国家级非物质文化遗产，包括风筝、木版年画和剪纸。kites、woodblock printing、paper-cutting是并列关系，用连词and连接。 【57题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：潍坊国际风筝节自1984年起举办，吸引了来自世界各地的游客。主语The Weifang International Kite Festival和hold是被动关系，根据since 1984可知，用现在完成时的被动语态，谓语用has been held。 【58题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：从设计到扎制骨架，完成一只风筝需要61道工序。固定结构sth. be needed to do表示“做某事需要……”，此处用不定式to finish。 【59题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：位于寒亭区的杨家埠是中国三大木版年画制作中心之一。本空引导定语从句，先行词是Yangjiabu，指物，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，用which引导。 【60题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：位于寒亭区的杨家埠是中国三大木版年画制作中心之一。固定结构one of + 可数名词复数，表示“……之一”，此处要用名词center的复数形式。 【61题详解】 考查冠词。句意：杨家埠民间艺术大观园是一处热门目的地，淡季日均游客近千人，旺季可达数千人。此处泛指“一处热门景点”，popular以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 【62题详解】 考查代词。句意：除了聚焦文化领域之外，潍坊如今也在发展高新技术产业。此处修饰名词focus，要用形容词性物主代词its。 【63题详解】 考查介词。句意：头部动力系统制造商潍柴已经将新一代信息技术应用到生产环节中。固定搭配apply sth. to sth.表示“将某物应用到某物上”，to为介词。 【64题详解】 考查副词。句意：在机器人的助力下，它大幅提升了生产效率。此处修饰动词improved，要用副词greatly，作状语。 【65题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：通过融合文化、教育与科技资源，潍坊能够实现高质量发展。本空作介词by的宾语，用动名词形式combining。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 假定你是校英文报记者李华，上周六你校举办了汉字书写大赛，请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： (1)时间、地点； (2)活动经过； (3)活动反响。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请按照如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Chinese Handwriting Competition ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Chinese Handwriting Competition Last Saturday, our school held a Chinese Handwriting Competition in the school hall, which began with an inspiring speech by the headmaster. Then, all participants focused on writing a given passage. Their pens danced on the paper, creating beautiful Chinese characters. Judges evaluated the works based on legibility, aesthetics, and overall presentation. The event received an enthusiastic response. Students showed great interest and said it not only enhanced their calligraphy skills but also deepened their love for Chinese culture. It was indeed a successful and meaningful activity. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。请考生为校英文报写一篇报道，介绍上周六学校举办的汉字书写大赛。包括时间、地点；活动经过；活动反响。 【详解】1.词汇积累： 鼓舞人心的：inspiring → encouraging 专注于：focus on → concentrate on 评价：evaluate→ assess 提高：enhance→ improve 2.句式拓展： 简单句变复合句 原句：Their pens danced on the paper, creating beautiful Chinese characters. 拓展句：Their pens danced on the paper, which created beautiful Chinese characters. 【点睛】高分句型 1】Last Saturday, our school held a Chinese Handwriting Competition in the school hall, which began with an inspiring speech by the headmaster.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句 ） 【高分句型 2】 Students showed great interest and said it not only enhanced their calligraphy skills but also deepened their love for Chinese culture.（运用了 not only...but also结构） 第二节（满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Every young person has dreams, and Mary is no exception. She once aspired to be a professional dancer, spending hours in dance classes. Yet she soon realized she wasn’t truly passionate about dancing and wanted to give up. Her father was sitting at the kitchen table, reading the newspaper when Mary uttered her new dream. His brow frowned slightly and he said, “Your dreams have changed from horse riding to swimming, then to dancing, and now the violin.” He sighed, “You’ve never stuck with anything long enough to make real progress.” “I’ll stick with it this time, Dad — I won’t give up halfway,” Mary vowed with determination. After a long silence, her father nodded and said, “Don’t give up so easily this time,” hoping that perhaps this time, his daughter’s passion would turn into lasting commitment. Several months passed in the blink of an eye, yet Mary’s violin still produced terrible rackets (噪音). Overwhelmed with frustration, she couldn’t help wondering if she should abandon it. Sensing that, her father gently patted her shoulder and led her to a nearby river. He handed her a large iron pot, and asked her to boil some water. Mary went to gather dry wood, filled the pot with water, and set it over the fire. But the pot was large, and by the time the wood had burned out, the water hadn’t boiled. Before long, the water had gone cold. Mary bit her lip, recalling her failure. She made up her mind to collect a larger pile of wood, working diligently. Though a splinter (木刺) cut her finger and it began to bleed, she kept going with her father’s encouragement, finally building a roaring fire that brought the water to a boil. 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Watching the boiling water, Mary suddenly realized something. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ From that day on, Mary changed a lot. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Watching the boiling water, Mary suddenly realized something. The water bubbled intensely, and she vividly linked it to her violin practice — just as sufficient and persistent fire was needed to boil the water, her skill improvement lacked steady effort. Those harsh noises weren’t failures but essential steps forward. She turned to her father, eyes bright with resolve, saying, “Dad, I understand now. Mastering the violin requires patience, not hurry. I’ll keep practicing earnestly, never giving up halfway.” Her father nodded gently, a warm smile appearing on his face, relieved that his teaching had worked. From that day on, Mary changed a lot. She practiced the violin for two hours every morning and evening. When frustration welled up, she touched the familiar kettle, recalling the memory of the boiling water, and took a deep breath to keep going. She actively sought guidance from her teacher and corrected mistakes gradually. Months later, her violin playing became melodious. Her father smiled proudly, knowing his daughter’s dream finally took root with perseverance, proving persistence leads to success. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了玛丽频繁更换梦想，从骑马、游泳、舞蹈到小提琴，父亲担忧她缺乏恒心。玛丽决心坚持学小提琴，却因练习许久仍发出噪音而沮丧。父亲带她到河边煮水，借助“足量柴火持续燃烧才能烧开大水”的经历，引导她领悟到“学习任何技能都需要耐心和坚持”的道理的故事。 【详解】段落续写 ① 由第一段首句内容 “看着沸腾的水，玛丽突然意识到了什么。” 可知，第一段可描写玛丽从煮水这件事里获得的感悟，将煮水需要持续添柴和学小提琴需要坚持练习联系起来，再写出她向父亲表明决心的内容。 ② 由第二段首句内容 “从那天起，玛丽变了很多。” 可知，第二段可描写玛丽坚持练习小提琴的具体行动，遇到困难时如何自我激励，以及最终取得的进步和收获。 续写线索 观水顿悟——表明决心——父亲欣慰——坚持练习——克服困难——技艺提升——梦想扎根 词汇激活 行为类 放弃：give up/abandon 寻求指导：seek guidance/ask for guidance 练习：practice/train/drill 情绪类 坚定地：with resolve/ with determination 骄傲地：proudly /with pride 【点睛】【高分句型1】Her father nodded gently, a warm smile appearing on his face, relieved that his teaching had worked.（运用了独立主格结构作状语和that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】When frustration welled up, she touched the familiar kettle, recalling the memory of the boiling water, and took a deep breath to keep going.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句和现在分词短语作状语） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025—2026上学期高一英语期末考试试卷 本试卷共8页，满分150分。考试时间：120分钟。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How will the woman go home? A. By bike. B. By car. C. On foot. 2. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 What meal are the speakers probably preparing for? A. Breakfast. B. Lunch. C. Supper. 3. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 How many eggs does the woman want? A. 4. B. 8. C. 24. 4. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 Who made the phone call? A. Hyman. B. The woman’s boss. C. The guest speaker. 5. 【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 When will the tomatoes be harvested (丰收)? A. In a month. B. In 2 weeks. C. In 3 weeks. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 6. Why should the window be closed? A. To block out light. B. To keep out the cold air. C. To prevent insects from entering. 7. Where do the speakers live? A. In a village. B. In a city. C. In a town. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 8. What is Sarah’s problem? A. She feels really tired. B. She can’t keep up with Jacob. C. She is ill due to overwork. 9. Who is Ella? A. Jacob’s assistant. B. A foreign student. C. Sarah’s coworker. 10. What has Sarah been trying to do? A. Cut back on coffee. B. Pursue further studies. C. Hire a new worker. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 11. What is the relationship between the speakers? A. Friends. B. Strangers. C. Teacher and student. 12. How can James be admitted into the University of Calgary? A. By achieving 3 A’s. B. By passing the 4 courses. C. By getting an A in literature. 13. What major is James planning to study? A. History. B. Literature. C. Economics. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 14. What does the woman probably do? A. A manager. B. A headmaster. C. A technician. 15. What is Jason’s strength? A. Being good at product design. B. Getting on well with customers. C. Providing necessary information. 16. What area does Jason need to improve? A. Training workers. B. Time management. C. Problem-solving skills. 17. What are the speakers doing? A. Conducting a job interview. B. Organizing a meeting. C. Discussing a project. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】 18. When does Liu Xin usually get up? A. At 6:00. B. At 6:30. C. At 7:00. 19. What does Liu Xin say about the school cafeteria? A. It is pretty crowded. B. It offers many kinds of food. C. It is far from teaching buildings. 20. Which extra-curricular activities did Liu Xin join? A. Soccer team and music club. B. Tennis team and drama club. C. Basketball team and art club. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A BIG4 BREEZE HOLIDAY PARKS Visitors to Carnarvon Gorge will be very impressed with Big4 Breeze Holiday Parks, the only year-round campground in the area. Set in a beautiful bushland setting, it’s the perfect place to disconnect from the busy city life and reconnect with nature. There are three huge kitchen areas complete with gas stoves and barbecues. Guests exchange stories over rich and tasty dinners and there is a great atmosphere in the evenings, though the lights are out at 10 p.m. An on-site shop has small but different kinds of food and drinks, as well as an Internet service, pay phones, a book exchange and outdoor seating. From April to October, there are bush walks and free film nights. There’s a nearby creek (小溪) where you can find wild animals in the early morning and a watchtower with fantastic views five minutes’ walk from the campground. Guests can choose from 25 unpowered campsites and 20 powered sites. Cost: Unpowered Site Powered site Cost $ 40 per night $ 50 per night Guests included in price 2 2 Extra fee $ 20 per adult per night $ 10 per child per night $ 20 per adult per night $ 10 per child per night Book before 19 Dec 2024 and save! Stay at least 7 nights on either a powered or unpowered site and enjoy 30% off. Tel: (07) 45677890 Email: takarakka@takarakka.com.au 21. What can guests enjoy at Big4 Breeze Holiday Parks? A. Free film nights all year round. B. A store that sells tents regularly. C. Private kitchens with good stoves. D. Opportunities for wildlife viewing. 22. What is the lowest cost for a family (2 adults+2 kids) to stay 7 nights on a powered site? A. $ 294. B. $ 343. C. $ 441. D. $ 490. 23. Where is the text probably taken from? A. A club poster. B. A geography textbook. C. A travel guidebook. D. A science website. B Ray Tokuda, a 54-year-old Japanese American, is proud of the title his school has given him. He is a Shifu, a Chinese word meaning a master of martial arts (武术). Tokuda has reason to be proud. He has been involved with Chinese martial arts for almost forty years. After learning them at the martial arts school in New Mexico State, today he is among the most experienced kung fu teachers of the school. Practicing martial arts two to three hours and helping students improve their skills have become Tokuda’s daily routine. He expects to practice and teach martial arts for the rest of his life. “I’m still learning. It’s worth more than a lifetime to learn Chinese martial arts,” he said. “Once I started, I just couldn’t stop. I think it’s also the magic of Chinese culture.” Tokuda was sent to the martial arts school when he was 10. He still remembers how unwilling he was when starting out. “My father had always wanted to learn Chinese martial arts but he never got the chance, so he wanted his kid to learn it,” he said. “I was so afraid at that time because I thought kung fu was all about fighting.” But things changed after he learned that martial arts were more than punching and kicking. “One of the things martial arts teach me is overcoming difficulties,” Tokuda said. “As a little kid, my first lesson was like, oh, look, this is a thing that I can get through by hard work and perseverance (毅力), and that was priceless for my life.” Learning Chinese martial arts opened a gateway for him to better understand Chinese culture because he could hear a lot of ancient Chinese kung fu-related stories. He said, “I feel martial arts preserve something of ancient China that can’t be found in books. They are sort of an oral history.” Tokuda has also been invited to various events in his home state to show traditional Chinese culture, including the dragon dance and lion dance, which he also learnt at the martial arts school. Because of this, he is now considered a cultural envoy (使者) in the eyes of the public. 24. What is the sentence component of the underlined part in Paragraph 1? A. 同位语 B. 定语 C. 状语 D. 宾语 25. Why didn’t Tokuda want to learn kung fu at first? A. Because he had thought it was about fighting. B. Because he had thought it was magical. C. Because he had thought it was practical. D. Because he had thought it was difficult. 26. From the passage, what can we learn about Tokuda? A. He is the most experienced kung fu teacher of his state. B. He is the founder of the kung fu school. C. He learnt martial arts from his father. D. He learnt from martial arts how to deal with difficulties. 27. Which of the following words can best describe Tokuda? A. Outgoing and friendly. B. Talented and humorous. C. Determined and hard-working. D. Responsible and confident. C Open an app on your smart phone and scan the code bar (条形码) on the garbage can (垃圾桶). When you throw garbage into the garbage can, it will show the weight of the garbage and the points you can get for doing so. Such a way of handling garbage has appeared in some cities. It will become more popular in the future. Yes, we are talking about smart garbage cans. Chinese cities produce over 200 million tons of garbage each year. The environmental problems have become constant headaches in the development of those cities. Encouraging garbage classification has become an effective way to solve the problems. In some cities, a variety of multi-functional smart garbage cans are being put into use. In Beijing, for example, a smart garbage can is equipped with a LED screen, which shows not only national policies on garbage classification but also the correct steps for garbage sorting. It can also calculate the weight of the garbage and the accumulated points one can get. They can be traded for some goods of daily use. Another kind of garbage can is even smarter. Its body is actually a screen. It is equipped with some sensors. When people throw garbage into it, these sensors can automatically tell the types of the garbage. Meanwhile, people can see how to deal with them. It is no wonder that residents cheered for such garbage cans’ presence. Garbage disposal is a small issue that involves everybody each day. However, it is also a big issue. It will affect China’s transformation toward green development. With smart garbage cans in our daily life, the idea of garbage sorting will become more established. Our dream of building a greener and more beautiful China will come true so long as we start to make small changes right now. 28. What is the main purpose of the first paragraph? A. To explain how to use a smart phone app. B. To show the popularity of garbage classification. C. To describe the weight of garbage in cities. D. To introduce the concept of smart garbage cans. 29. What do we know about the smart garbage cans? A. Beijing is the first city to use them. B. They are very helpful in garbage sorting. C. They can’t tell the types of the garbage. D. They have appeared in most cities in China. 30. What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. The sensors. B. Different types of the garbage. C. Various garbage cans. D. The accumulated points. 31. What’s the author’s attitude toward the smart garbage cans? A. Indifferent. B. Uncertain. C. Supportive. D. Worried. D Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures (手势) that wild chimpanzees (黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a “vocabulary” of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda, and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges. Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they deliberately sent a message to another group member. “That’s what’s so amazing about chimp gestures,” she said, “They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.” Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from another animal’s call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said. Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, showing: “Climb on me.” The youngster immediately jumps on to its mother’s back and they travel off together. “The big message from this study is that there is another species (物种) out there that is meaningful in its communication, so that’s not unique to humans,” said Dr Hobaiter. Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results were “a little disappointing”. “The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information included in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey (传递) with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.” 32. What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter? A. Memorizing specific words. B. Understanding complex information. C. Communicating messages on purpose. D. Using voices to communicate. 33. What did Dr Shultz think of the study? A. It was a good try but the findings were limited. B. It was well designed but poorly conducted. C. It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable. D. It was a failure but the methods deserved praise. 34. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean? A. Conflict. B. Difference. C. Balance. D. Connection. 35. Which of the following is the best title for the text? A. Chimpanzee behavior study achieved a breakthrough B. Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated C. Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom D. Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Is it ever too late to learn a new skill? The answer is: absolutely not! ____36____. It can change your life in many ways — from boosting your career to helping you discover a new interest. All you need is focus and some helpful learning strategies. Teach yourself using many sources. The best learning materials vary based on the skill you want to develop. ____37____ There are many learning materials that are free to use, including textbooks, online videos, and even blog posts. Do an online search for sources and check your local library for helpful books. Learn through practical experience. The most effective way to learn something is just to do it! Books and tutorials are excellent primers (入门指南), but try to start performing the new skill as soon as possible. Learn through trial (试验) and error rather than spending all your time on theories and memorization. ____38____ Teach someone else. Teaching a skill enables you to understand it better. Why? By teaching someone else, you first have to think about the skill or subject and break it down into easily explainable pieces. ____39____ You can also make an informative presentation about the subject or start a blog about your learning process. ____40____ A plan will help you stay on track with your new hobby. Devote at least 20 hours to learning the skill; research shows that spending 20 hours on any skill will greatly improve your understanding and ability. Reserve practice time for days when you have plenty of free time and the time of day when you feel most alert (机敏的). A. Give yourself tests. B. Learning new things is beneficial at any age. C. Set a study or practice schedule. D. The better you can explain something, the better you understand it. E. Apply the ideas you’ve learned and find out what works best for you in practice. F. You can learn new things without paying for a class. G. Ask people you know if they can recommend a teacher to you. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 The air is ____41____ and we have to rest several times on the short hike from camp. To our left, snow-covered mountains disappear into clouds that seem almost close enough to touch. On the plain in front of us, we can just make out a herd of graceful animals. This is why we’re here — to ____42____ Tibetan antelopes (藏羚羊). Tibetan antelopes live on the plains of Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. Watching them move slowly across the green grass, I’m ____43____ by their beauty. I’m also reminded of the danger they are in. They are being hunted, illegally, for their valuable fur. My guide is Zhaxi, a villager from Changtang. He works at the Changtang National Nature Reserve. The reserve is a ____44____ for the animals and plants of northwestern Tibet. To Zhaxi, the land is sacred and protecting the wildlife is a way of life. “We’re not trying to save the animals,” he says. “____45____, we’re trying to save ourselves.” The 1980s and 1990s were bad times for the Tibetan antelope. The population dropped by more than 50 percent. Hunters were shooting antelopes to make ____46____. Their habitats were becoming smaller as new roads and railways were built. In order to save this species from ____47____, the Chinese government ____48____ it under national protection. Zhaxi and other volunteers watched over the antelopes day and night to keep them safe from ____49____. Bridges and gates were added to let the antelopes move easily and keep them safe from cars and trains. The measures were ____50____. The antelope population has recovered and in June 2015, the Tibetan antelope was removed from the ____51____ species list. The government, however, does not intend to stop the protection programmes, since the ____52____ to the Tibetan antelope have not yet disappeared. In the evening, I drink a cup of tea and watch the stars. I ____53____ the antelopes and what Zhaxi told me. Much is being done to protect ____54____, but if we really want to save the planet, we must change our way of life. Only when we learn to ____55____ in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet. 41. A. thick B. thin C. sacred D. valuable 42. A. observe B. remind C. hunt D. move 43. A. trapped B. disappeared C. struck D. reserved 44. A. shelter B. nation C. city D. population 45. A. Gradually B. Safely C. Unfortunately D. Actually 46. A. habitat B. railways C. vehicles D. profits 47. A. protection B. production C. extinction D. exploration 48. A. added B. placed C. reduced D. shot 49. A. attacks B. habitats C. species D. lists 50. A. ineffective B. graceful C. efficient D. effective 51. A. astonishing B. precious C. endangered D. plain 52. A. benefits B. survival C. programs D. threats 53. A. go about B. think about C. talk about D. bring about 54. A. lifeblood B. lifestyle C. wildlife D. lifeboat 55. A. exist B. remove C. recover D. reserve 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Weifang is known for its traditional handicrafts (手工艺品). It is home to 17 items of national-level intangible (非物质的) cultural heritage, including kites, woodblock printing ____56____ paper-cutting. The Weifang International Kite Festival ____57____ (hold) since 1984, attracting tourists from all over the world. Kite-making here dates back over 600 years. From design to frame making, 61 steps are needed ____58____ (finish) making a kite. Yangjiabu, ____59____ is in Hanting District, is one of the three woodblock production ____60____ (center) in China. Carving, printing and packaging are done by hand. The Yangjiabu Folk Art Grand View Garden is ____61____ popular destination, with an average of nearly 1,000 visitors a day during low seasons and several thousand during busy seasons. Apart from ____62____ (it) focus on culture, Weifang is developing high-tech industries now. Its latest industries are energy storage (储能), the metaverse and industrial mother machines (machines used to manufacture machines). Weichai, a leading power-train producer, has applied new-generation information technology ____63____ its production. It has ____64____ (great) improved efficiency with the help of robots. Weifang’s education also provides strong support for the industries. By ____65____ (combine) its culture, education and technology, Weifang can achieve high-quality development. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 66. 假定你是校英文报记者李华，上周六你校举办了汉字书写大赛，请你为校英文报写一篇报道，内容包括： (1)时间、地点； (2)活动经过； (3)活动反响。 注意： (1)写作词数应为80个左右； (2)请按照如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Chinese Handwriting Competition ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 67. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Every young person has dreams, and Mary is no exception. She once aspired to be a professional dancer, spending hours in dance classes. Yet she soon realized she wasn’t truly passionate about dancing and wanted to give up. Her father was sitting at the kitchen table, reading the newspaper when Mary uttered her new dream. His brow frowned slightly and he said, “Your dreams have changed from horse riding to swimming, then to dancing, and now the violin.” He sighed, “You’ve never stuck with anything long enough to make real progress.” “I’ll stick with it this time, Dad — I won’t give up halfway,” Mary vowed with determination. After a long silence, her father nodded and said, “Don’t give up so easily this time,” hoping that perhaps this time, his daughter’s passion would turn into lasting commitment. Several months passed in the blink of an eye, yet Mary’s violin still produced terrible rackets (噪音). Overwhelmed with frustration, she couldn’t help wondering if she should abandon it. Sensing that, her father gently patted her shoulder and led her to a nearby river. He handed her a large iron pot, and asked her to boil some water. Mary went to gather dry wood, filled the pot with water, and set it over the fire. But the pot was large, and by the time the wood had burned out, the water hadn’t boiled. Before long, the water had gone cold. Mary bit her lip, recalling her failure. She made up her mind to collect a larger pile of wood, working diligently. Though a splinter (木刺) cut her finger and it began to bleed, she kept going with her father’s encouragement, finally building a roaring fire that brought the water to a boil. 注意： （1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Watching the boiling water, Mary suddenly realized something. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ From that day on, Mary changed a lot. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $