课时冲关18 选择性必修三 UNIT 9 HUMAN BIOLOGY（教用版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（北师大版）

课时冲关18UNIT9 HU I.阅读理解 主题语境：人与自然 Of all the creatures on the planet,the nar- whal is one of the strangest looking.It's a whale which has a large protruding tusk coming out of its head;that's how it got its nickname,the uni- corn of the sea.They live in the Arctic Ocean off the coast of Canada,Russia and East Greenland. However,experts say some populations of nar- whal could be extinct by 2025,and it's all because of noise pollution. Narwhals rely on echolocation,which they use to find food and navigate their surroundings. The animal produces a sound wave which bounces off an object.They pick this reflected sound up through their lower jaw,and information on fea- tures like size and speed passes to their ears. However,increase in human marine activity,as well as climate change,has resulted in the Arctic Ocean becoming noisier,which means it's more difficult for narwhals to rely on sound.Susanna Blackwell,who studies the effects of underwater noise on marine animals,told the BBC that there is noisier activity in the Arctic Ocean than ever because,as sea ice melts,new navigation routes are opening.And while icebergs breaking and creaking have been part of the ocean soundscape for hundreds of years,man-made noise is much harder for animals to adapt to,particularly as these changes are so sudden. Research published in Science Advances in 2023 recorded the reactions of narwhals to the simulated(模拟的)noises of oil expeditions made by a patrol vessel(巡逻船).The scientists tagged and tracked the creatures and found that,on hear- ing these sounds,they ended deep dives and stopped clicking,the echolocation signal they use for finding food underwater.This is the same re- action narwhals have to orcas,who hunt them,mean- ·34 基础必备选择性必修第三册 MAN BIOLOGY学生用书P291 体裁：说明文 话题：独角鲸 ing human-made noise could trigger the creature's “threat button”. So,what can we do?Charlotte Findlay,a postdoctoral fellow at Aarhus University,says "noise is actually quite easy to solve.We need to either turn it off or turn it down. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍 了独角鲸这一动物，阐述了它们的生活习性、生存 现状以及所面临的威胁，特别是人为噪音对它们 生存的影响。 1.What can we learn about the narwhal from the first Paragraph? A.It has a large tusk from its jaw. B.It currently faces the risk of dying out. C.It lives in the southern hemisphere. D.It sounds different from other whales. 解析：B[细节理解题。根据第一段中“How ever,experts say some populations of narwhal could be extinct by 2025,and it's all because of noise pollution.(然而，专家表示，到2025年，一 些独角鲸种群可能会灭绝，这都是因为噪音污 染。)”可知，独角鲸目前面临着灭绝的危险。] 2.What does Susanna Blackwell's study show? A.Narwhals navigate their surroundings by echolocation. B.Sea ice melting makes the ocean noisier than ever. C.Man-made noise has a greater impact on ma- rine animals. D.Narwhals are not used to icebergs breaking and creaking. 解析：C[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Susan na Blackwell,who studies the effects of under- water noise on marine animals,told the BBC that there is noisier activity in the Arctic Ocean than ever because,as sea ice melts,new naviga- tion routes are opening.And while icebergs 高考总复习英语(BS) breaking and creaking have been part of the ocean soundscape for hundreds of years,man- made noise is much harder for animals to adapt to,particularly as these changes are so sudden. (Susanna Blackwell研究水下噪音对海洋动物 的影响，她告诉BBC,北冰洋的活动比以往任何 时候都要嘈杂，因为随着海冰融化，新的航行路 线正在开辟。数百年来，冰山破裂和吱咬作响 一直是海洋声景的一部分，但人造噪音对动物 来说更难适应，尤其是这些变化太突然了。)”可 知，Susanna Blackwell的研究显示人造噪音对 海洋动物的影响更大。] 3.What does the research mentioned in Para- graph 3 imply? A.A patrol vessel was applied in the research. B.Orcas are the natural enemy to narwhals. C.Noises would change the echolocation sig- nal. D.Scientists tagged narwhals under the water. 解析：C[推理判断题。根据第三段“Research published in Science Advances in 2023 recor- ded the reactions of narwhals to the simulated (模拟的)noises of oil expeditions made by a patrol vessel(巡逻船).The scientists tagged and tracked the creatures and found that,on hearing these sounds,they ended deep dives and stopped clicking,the echolocation signal they use for finding food underwater.This is the same reaction narwhals have to orcas,who hunt them,meaning human-made noise could Ⅱ.语法填空主题语境：人与自然 China plans to build more beautiful bays to improve marine ecology China has stepped up its construction of “beautiful bays'”inl. effort to conserve its marine ecology and environment. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has issued a plan 2. (build)more than 110 bays across the country by 2027.These bays will achieve harmony between people and the ma- ·3 trigger the creature's'threat button'.(2023 发表在《科学进展》上的一项研究记录了独角鲸 对巡逻船模拟的石油勘探噪声的反应。科学家 们对这些生物进行了标记和追踪，发现它们听 到这些声音后，会结束深潜，停止发出点击声， 即它们在水下觅食时使用的回声定位信号。这 是独角鲸对捕食它们的逆戟鲸做出的同样反 应，这意味着人为制造的噪音可能会触发这种 生物的‘威胁按钮’。)”可知，巡逻船模拟的石油 勘探噪声会让独角鲸结束深潜，停止发出水下 觅食时使用的回声定位信号。由此推知，本段 暗示了噪音会改变回声定位信号。] 4.What's the best title for the passage? A.Survival of Narwhal threatened by man- made noise B.Experts predicting the extinction of the nar- whal C.New research set to solve underwater noise pollution D.Narwhal population affected by underwater noise pollution 解析：A[主旨大意题。纵观全文，尤其是第一 段中“However,experts say some populations of narwhal could be extinct by 2025,and it's all because of noise pollution.(然而，专家表示，到 2025年，一些独角鲸种群可能会灭绝，这都是因 为噪音污染。)”可知，文章主要讲述了人为噪音 对独角鲸生存的威胁。所以A项“Survival of Narwhal threatened by man-made noise(人造 噪音威胁独角鲸的生存)”是本文的最佳标题。] 裁：说明文 话题：建设多个海湾的计划 rine environment,with the ministry noting that "clear water and clean 3. (beach),and shoals of fish and flocks of seabirds"will be seen. The 110 figures will account 4. about 40 percent of China's major bays,according to the ministry.The plan also sets the goal of transfor- ming seven cities,including Xiamen,into model zones 5. all coastal areas can be classed as beautiful bays. It details three tasks,including the protec- tion and 6. (restore)of typical marine ecosystems,and the improvement of key sewage outlets that empty into the sea.The ministry said that China's long-term goal is to build all 283 of 7. (it)major bays into beautiful bays by 2035,with that figure including the 110 out- lined in the plan. In recent years,China 8. (channel) increased energy into the protection of its marine ecology and environment as part of its efforts to promote the construction of a beautiful China. The revised Marine Environment Protection Law came into force on Jan.1,2024,9. (strengthen)the accountability of local govern- ments and creating new systems,including zoning management and 10. comprehension control systems. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明 了生态环境部发布了到2027年在全国建设110 多个海湾的计划。这些海湾将实现人与海洋环境 的和谐，环境部指出，“清澈的海水和千净的海滩， 鱼群和成群的海鸟”将会出现。 l.an[考查冠词。句意：中国加大“美丽海湾”建 设力度，保护海洋生态环境。固定短语in an ef- fort to表示“企图”。故填an。] 2.to build[考查非谓语动词。句意：生态环境部 发布了到2027年在全国建设110多个海湾的 计划。名词“plan”后跟不定式作后置定语。故 填to build。] 3.beaches[考查名词复数。句意：这些海湾将实 现人与海洋环境的和谐，环境部指出，“清澈的 海水和干净的海滩，鱼群和成群的海鸟”将会出 现。根据后文“and shoals of fish and flocks of seabirds”可知，数量大于一，应用复数形式。故 填beaches。] ·3 基础必备选择性必修第三册 4.for[考查介词。句意：据该部称，110个数字 将占中国主要海湾的40%左右。固定短语ac count for表示“占比”。故填for。] 5.where[考查定语从句。句意：该计划还设定 了将包括厦门在内的七个城市转变为示范区的 目标，在这些示范区中，所有沿海地区都可以被 归类为美丽海湾。此处是限定性定语从句，先 行词是model zones,关系词在从句作地点状 语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。] 6.restoration[考查名词。句意：它详细说明了 三项任务，包括保护和恢复典型的海洋生态系 统，改善流入海洋的主要排污口。此处作介词 的宾语，应用名词restoration,不可数。故填 restoration。」 7.its[考查代词。句意：该部表示，中国的长期 目标是到2035年将所有283个主要海湾建设 成美丽海湾，其中包括计划中概述的110个。 此处修饰名词bays,应用形容词性物主代词 its。故填its。] 8.has channeled[考查动词的时态。句意：近年 来，中国加大海洋生态环境保护力度，积极推进 美丽中国建设。根据上文In recent years可知， 应用现在完成时，主语为China.,助动词用has。 故填has channeled。] 9.strengthening[考查非谓语动词。句意：修订 后的《海洋环境保护法》于2024年1月1日起 施行，强化了地方政府问责制，并建立了分区管 理、综合治理等新制度。此处strengthen与 The revised Marine Environment Protection La心构成主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故 填strengthening。] l0.comprehensive[考查形容词。句意同上。此 处修饰名词systems,应用形容词comprehen sive,作定语。故填comprehensive。] 9 高考总复习英语(BS) 讲、小组讨论和展示，提供深入的知识。)”可知， AI&Big Data Expo North America有专家小组 互动作为活动的一部分；根据AI Hardware& Edge AI Summit部分“The event features tech nical talks,expert panel discussions,and showcases from leading AI hardware firms ad- vancing the limits of computational power and efficiency.(该活动包括技术讲座、专家小组讨 论以及来自领先人工智能硬件公司的展示，这 些公司正在推动计算能力和效率的极限。)”可 知，AI Hardware&.Edge AI Summit也有专家 小组互动作为活动的一部分。因此，AI&.Bg Data Expo North America AI Hardware & 阅读B 主题语境：人与自我 体裁：记余 Nature's beauty is all around you.Wild flowers shine in bright blues,yellows,and reds. Trees,with unique shaped branches,and leaves, decorate the horizon.Under your feet,pine nee- dles,leaves,and grass give their natural beauty on the earth's surface.But how many of you take the time to notice all of nature's wonders? Hannah Bullen-Ryner is an artist who not only takes the time to "smell the roses",but she uses them as a medium to craft stunning portraits of birds.Bullen-Ryner,a photographer by trade, began her artistic hobby shortly after her twin daughters were born.The young mother suffered from depression and anxiety.To seek a solution, she turned to nature. Bullen-Ryner started spending time alone in the woods,foraging for materials:flowers, branches,leaves,and grass.On an impulse( )she started forming a portrait of a bird with the items she had gathered.When her picture was finished,Bullen-Ryner realized that she felt calm and hopeful.The process had been healing and therapeutic(有疗效的). Bullen-Ryner tells My Modern Met,"Find- ing the medium of land art has allowed my art and soul to connect to the earth.As a full-time Mama of nearly three-year-old twin girls,and someone who suffers from anxiety,my art is my quiet time,my peace.” When Bullen-Ryner creates her artwork on the forest floor,she never uses glues or any other material to bond the foraged items.This means that a single breeze is able to carry away or scat- ter her portrait. "People often ask me why I don't make some- thing more permanent or they say it's such a shame that it's temporary,Bullen-Ryner ex- plains..“But for me,”she continues,“it is the ·3 Edge AI Summit的共同，点是它们都有专家小 组互动作为活动的一部分。] 3.What is the main purpose of the text? A.To promote new AI devices. B.To discuss AI moral dilemmas. C.To present upcoming AI conferences. D.To review previous AI achievements. 解析：C[推理判断题。根据第一段“Here is a detailed guide to the key AI conferences and summits scheduled for2025.(以下是2025年计 划举行的关键人工智能会议和峰会的详细指 南。)”可知，本文的主要目的是介绍即将举行的 人工智能会议。] 文 话题：通过自然治愈抑郁症和焦虑症 short-lived nature of what I do that has become therapy for my soul.I get to put down all my anxieties,my fears,and all the chaos from my brain and turn it into something beautiful to hon- or Mother Nature.I take some photos and then walk or cycle away,leaving it all behind and feel- ing calmer,more connected,and truly lighter." [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Hannah Bullen-Ryner用在自然中找到的材料创 作出了精美的鸟类作品，从而治愈了自己的抑郁 症和焦虑症的故事。 4.Why did Bullen-Ryner take up her artistic hobby? A.To kill time. B.To make more profits. C.To serve as a treatment. D.To entertain her daughters. 解析：C[细节理解题。根据第二段中的 "Bullen-Ryner,a photographer by trade,be- gan her artistic hobby shortly after her twin daughters were born.The young mother suf- fered from depression and anxiety.To seek a solution,she turned to nature.”可知，Bullen Ryner是一名摄影师，在她双胞胎女儿出生后 开始了她的艺术爱好，她患有抑郁症和焦虑症， 为了寻求解决的办法，她转向大自然，由此可 知，Bullen-Ryner培养艺术爱好是为了治疗。] 5.What does the underlined word“foraging”in Paragraph 3 mean? A.Making. B.Answering. C.Providing. D.Seeking. 解析：D[词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“On an impulse(冲动)，she started forming a por- trait of a bird with the items she had gathered. (由于一时冲动，她开始用收集到的东西画一只 鸟的肖像。)”可知，由于冲动，她开始用收集到 的东西画一只鸟的画像，结合划线单词前的 "Bullen-Ryner started spending time alone in the woods(开始独自一人待在树林里)”以及划