课时冲关8 必修三 UNIT 8 GREEN LIVING（教用版）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（北师大版）

课时冲关8UNIT8 I.阅读A 主题语境：人与自然 体裁：议论 Which is better for Earth:an electric or gas- powered vehicle?The answer to this question might seem blindingly obvious:Of course electric cars must be better for the environment,because they don't give off greenhouse gases as people drive.However,electric vehicles (EVs)aren't perfect,and they come with their own set of pol- luting problems.Their batteries require a large amount of energy to produce. Battery production is just one part of an elec- tric car's life span.A study looked at the entire life cycle of an EV's emissions(排放)，from min ing the metals for the batteries to producing the electricity needed to power them,and then com- pared this with the average emissions of a gas- powered vehicle.The team found that when EVs are charged with coal-powered electricity,they're actually worse for the environment than gas-pow- ered cars. "Only when connected to the dirtiest,coal- heavy electric grids(电网)do gas-powered cars become comparable to EVs on a greenhouse gas basis,said Colin Sheppard,an expert in energy and transportation systems.That's why more and more countries are decreasing the power supply from coal.In China,the national grid is impro- ving with more investments in renewable energy. For example,it has twice as much wind energy capacity as the U.S.and it builds more solar pan- els per year than any other countries. Sheppard modelled a future in which all cars were electric."We wanted to understand what it might be like if all passenger vehicles are electri- fied."For example,Sheppard calculated that if all vehicles in the U.S.were electric,it would re- duce greenhouse-gas emissions by 46%every year.This reduction could be increased even fur- ther if those vehicles were using a technique known as“smart charging”in which cars are re- charged at chosen times (often at night)to re- duce the cost of electricity. In short,it's far easier to argue in favor of buying an EV than a gas-powered vehicle.But what about the cost?Aren't electric vehicles too expensive for most people? ·2 基础必备必修第三册 REEN LIVING学生用书P256 文 话题：电动、燃油汽车的环保性 [语篇解读]本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论 了电动汽车和燃油汽车哪个更环保。 1.In which case do EVs get more heavy-polluted than gas-powered cars? A.Being powered only by batteries. B.Consuming coal-powered electricity. C.Starting to give off greenhouse gases. D.Replacing gas-powered vehicles entirely. 解析：B[细节理解题。根据第二段关键句 "The team found that when EVs are charged with coal-powered electricity,they're actually worse for the environment than gas-powered cars.(研究小组发现，当电动汽车使用燃煤电力 充电时，它们对环境的危害实际上比汽油动力 汽车更严重。)”可知，当电动汽车使用燃煤电力 时，比汽油动力汽车造成的污染更严重。] 2.What is greatly promoted in China now accord- ing to the text? A.Renewable energy. B.Electric vehicles. C.Coal-powered supply. D.Public transport. 解析：A[细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“In China,the national grid is improving with more investments in renewable energy.For ex- ample,it has twice as much wind energy capac- ity as the U.S.and it builds more solar panels per year than any other countries..(在中国，随 着对可再生能源的投资更多，国家电网正在改 善。例如，中国的风能容量是美国的两倍，每年 建造的太阳能电池板比其他任何国家都多。)” 可知，中国目前致力于发展可再生能源，加大对 可再生能源的投资，由此可知，目前中国大力推 广的是可再生能源。] 3.How does Sheppard model the future of EVs? A.With a discussion. B.With an examination. C.With a calculation. D.With a questionaire. 解析：C[细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键 句“Sheppard modelled a future in which all cars were electric.'We wanted to understand what it might be like if all passenger vehicles are electrified.'For example,Sheppard calcu- lated that if all vehicles in the U.S.were electric,it would reduce greenhouse-gas emis- sions by46%every year.(Sheppard建立了- 个未来所有汽车都是电动的模式。‘我们想了 高考总复习英语(BS) 解如果所有乘用车都通电会是什么样子。’例 如，Sheppard计算出，如果美国所有的汽车都是 电动的，那么每年温室气体排放量将减少 46%。)”可知，Sheppard通过计算为电动汽车的 未来建立模型。] 4.What might the paragraph following the pas- sage be about? A.Inventing green gas-powered vehicles. B.Developing environment-friendly grids. C.Making electric vehicles more affordable. D.Getting rid of fossil energy like coal and oil. 阅读B 主题语境：人与社会 体裁：说明 When Chui-Lian Lee and Valentina Gomez started on their academic journeys as textile( developing and marketing majors at the Fash- ion Institute of Technology,they were eager to learn more about the clothing industry.Some of the things they ended up learning shocked them. They found out that roughly 11 million tons of textile waste end up in landfill each year,and the chemicals and gases that emerge during decompo- sition pollute the earth. Every single class that they joined,they'd go through the impacts and it'd be like,"Okay,cot- ton has this large of a water footprint and people are turning to organic cotton,but that's not really a solution because of these reasons."Or "People are looking at recycled polyester(but that's not great because it still releases microplastics." As every solution they learned about came with drawbacks,they both wound up feeling really frustrated. It wasn't until the two joined a class on the application of biotechnology to the manufacturing of clothing that they realized there could be a more environmentally friendly option for the fashion industry.Lee and Gomez learned that they could use specially engineered proteins to create a fiber that avoids plastics and degrades (分解)naturally,and then the idea for Werewool was born."By changing how we are creating the fibers that make up our clothing,we can change the entire life cycle of our clothing and their end- of-life impacts on the environment,avoiding pol- lution from plastics,Lee explains. The early-stage biotech company focusing on developing biodegradable fibers for the textile in- dustry initially started as a research project that involved many sleepless nights in the lab.After ·29 解析：C[推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“In short,it's far easier to argue in favor of buying an EV than a gas-powered vehicle.But what about the cost?Aren't electric vehicles too ex- pensive for most people?(简言之，支持购买电 动汽车比支持汽油动力汽车要容易得多。但是 费用呢？电动汽车对大多数人来说不是太贵了 吗？)”可知，最后一段提出一个问题，虽然电动 汽车具有环保性，但太贵了，大多数人买不起， 由此可知，文章接下来的段落讨论的可能是使 电动汽车价格更合理的问题。] 文 话题：开发可生物降解的纤维 winning the H&.M Global Change Award in 2020,the project launched into a company.Over four years and 4.5 million dollars in funding lat- er,Werewool now has 12 employees and has be- gun working with brands to develop clothing out of their protein-based fibers,with the hope of launching products in 2025.By 2030,125,000 tons of fiber is expected to enter the market, which is about 390 million shirts. "Our goal has always been to make the fash- ion industry friendly to nature,"says Lee. [语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。讲述了Chui Lian Lee和Valentina Gomez创立了Werewool 公司，它致力于开发可生物降解的纤雏，使时尚更 环保。 5.What surprised Lee and Gomez when they learned about the clothing industry? A.A wide range of textiles are produced every year. B.There are many poisonous chemicals in clothing. C.Clothing industry brings harm to the envi- ronment. D.The textile waste is quite difficult to break down. 解析：C[细节理解题。根据文章第一段 "Some of the things they ended up learning shocked them.They found out that roughly 11 million tons of textile waste end up in landfill each year,and the chemicals and gases that emerge during decomposition pollute the earth.（他们最终学到的一些东西震惊了他们。 他们发现，每年大约有1100万吨纺织垃圾被 填埋，在分解过程中产生的化学物质和气体污 染了地球。)”可知，当Lee和Gomez知道服装 业给环境带来危害时，他们很惊讶。] 8 6.Why are organic cotton and recycled polyester mentioned? A.To present features of organic clothing. B.To introduce methods of recycling textile waste. C.To show they're not good options for sus- tainability. D.To explain it is essential to reduce the water footprint. 解析：C[推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Ev ery single class that they joined,they'd go through the impacts and it'd be like,'Okay, cotton has this large of a water footprint and people are turning to organic cotton,but that's not really a solution because of these reasons.' Or'People are looking at recycled polyester( but that's not great because it still releases microplastics.'As every solution they learned about came with drawbacks,they both wound up feeling really frustrated.(他们参加的每一 堂课，都会经历这些影响，正如，‘好吧，棉花有 这么大的水足迹，人们正在转向有机棉花，但由 于这些原因，这并不是一个真正的解决方案。” 或者‘人们正在考虑回收聚酯，但这并不好，因 为它仍然会释放微塑料。’因为他们了解的每个 解决方案都有缺，点，所以他们都感到非常沮 丧。)”可知，文章提到有机棉花和回收聚酯是为 了证明它们不是可持续发展的好选择。] 7.What can we learn about Werewool according to the passage? A.It has a bright prospect. B.It funds research on textile waste. C.It proves to be highly profitable. D.It pioneers in plastics decomposition. Ⅱ.完形填空主题语境：人与自然体裁： Can we make bags that are as good as plastic bags but don't harm our environment?Moham- mad Azhar Mohiuddin found the 1.At age 14,this young Indian did 2 jobs like desig- ning logos(标志)and cleaning..But years ago he started thinking differently about his life.He 3 that solving real problems was more important than just making4· In 2020,when Mohiuddin was 20,he heard about Prime Minister Modi's 5 to make India free from single-use plastic by 2025.This 6 him to create eco-friendly bags.The 7 was ·29 基础必备必修第三册 解析：A[推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Lee and Gomez learned that they could use special- ly engineered proteins to create a fiber that a- voids plastics and degrades(分解)naturally, and then the idea for Werewool was born.'By changing how we are creating the fibers that make up our clothing,we can change the entire life cycle of our clothing and their end-of-life impacts on the environment,avoiding pollution from plastics,'Lee explains..(李和戈麦斯了解 到，他们可以使用特殊工程蛋白来制造一种纤雏， 这种纤维可以避免塑料，并且可以自然降解，于是， Werewool诞生了。李解释说：‘通过改变我们制造 服装纤维的方式，我们可以改变服装的整个生命 周期以及它们的寿命结束对环境的影响，避免塑 料污染。')”可知，Werewool前景广阔。] 8.Which of the following is a suitable title for the text? A.Werewool Makes Fashion Green B.Breakthroughs in Applied Biotechnology C.Lee and Gomez's Academic Journeys D.New Protein-based Fibers Hit the Market 解析：A[主旨大意题。根据文章全文尤其是 第三段“Lee and Gomez learned that they could use specially engineered proteins to create a fi- ber that avoids plastics and degrades(分解)nat urally,and then the idea for Werewool was born.(李和戈麦斯了解到，他们可以使用特殊 工程蛋白来制造一种纤维，这种纤维可以避免塑 料，并且可以自然降解，于是，Werewool诞生了。)” 可知，本文主要讲述了Chui-Lian Lee和Valentina Gomez创立了Werewool公司，它致力于开发可生 物降解的纤维，使时尚更环保。A选项“Were wool让时尚更环保”适合作为本文标题。] 叙文 话题：印度青年创造环保袋保护环境 not easy.As a student trying to 8 his own business,he faced many problems.His grades went down,he met cheats who sold him 9 machinery,and he even had to close his factory for a while to finish his studies. But Mohiuddin's hard work finally brought 10.His company,Bio Reform,has 11 more than 6 million plastic bags in two years.He found a special way to 12 corn waste,turn- ing it into materials for making bags.These new bags are smooth and strong like plastic ones,but they become fertilizer within 180 days. 09 高考总复习英语(BS) His success 13 us how creative thinking can solve environmental problems.Hotels,milk producers,and restaurants now use his bags.By 14 bags that are both good for business and good for the earth,Mohiuddin has set a good ex- ample to us that young people can make a real difference in protecting our 15. [语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述 了印度青年Mohammad Azhar Mohiuddin创造环 保袋来保护环境的故事。 1.A.structure B.partner C.solution D.programme 解析：C[考查名词词义辨析。句意：Moham- mad Azhar Mohiuddin找到了解决办法。 A.structure结构；B.partner伙伴；C.solution 解决方案；D.programme项目。根据上文“Can we make bags that are as good as plastic bags but don't harm our environment'?(我们能不能 制造出和塑料袋一样好用但又不破坏环境的袋 子？)”以及下文“him to create eco-friendly bags”可知，此处指找到了上述问题的解决方 案，呼应后文“corn waste,turning it into mate rials for making bags”。] 2.A.challenging B.permanent C.routine D.various 解析：D[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：14岁 时，这个年轻的印度人做过各种各样的工作，比 如设计商标和打扫卫生。A.challenging挑战 性的；B.permanent永久的；C.routine常规的； D.various各种各样的。根据后文“like desig ning logos and cleaning”可知，他从事过各种各 样的工作。] 3.A.realized B.admitted C.predicted D.imagined 解析：A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：他意识到 解决实际问题比赚钱更重要。A.realized意识 到；B.admitted承认；C.predicted预测； D.imagined想象。根据后文“that solving real problems was more important than just mak- ing”可知，解决实际问题更重要的是他意识到的 问题。] 4.A.decisions B.money C.advances D.progress 解析：B[考查名词词义辩析。句意同上。A. decisions决定；B.money金钱；C.advances前 进，进展；D.progress进步。根据上文“jobs like designing logos and cleaning”提到他从事过各 ·30 种职业赚钱，以及“But years ago he started thinking differently about his life.(但几年前， 他开始对自己的生活有了不同的看法。)”可知， 对生活有了不同看法，说明意识到解决实际问 题比赚钱更重要。] 5.A.benefit B.fame C.theory D.plan 解析：D[考查名词词义辨析。句意：2020年， 莫希丁20岁时，他听说莫迪总理计划到2025 年让印度摆脱一次性塑料。A.benefit益处； B.fame名誉；C.theory理论；D.plan计划。根 据后文“to make India free from single-use plastic by2025”可知，摆脱一次性塑料袋是总 理莫迪的计划。] 6.A.inspired B.requested C.persuaded D.recommended 解析：A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：这激发了 他创造环保袋的灵感。A.inspired鼓舞；B.re quested要求；C.persuaded说服；D.recommen ded建议，推荐。根据后文“him to create eco- friendly bags”以及上文提到莫迪总理计划到 2025年让印度摆脱一次性塑料可知，此处指这 一计划激发了他创造环保袋的灵感。] 7.A.contract B.deal C.product D.path 解析：D[考查名词词义辨析。句意：这条路并不 容易。A.contract合同；B.deal交易；C.product产 品；D.path道路。根据后文“His grades went dowm,he met cheats”可知，指创造环保袋这条路并 不容易。] 8.A.understand B.operate C.enlarge D.affect 解析：B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名 试图经营自己的企业的学生，他面临着许多问 题。A.understand理解；B.operate操作，经营； C.enlarge扩大；D.affect影响。根据空后“his own business”以及下文“he even had to close his factory for a while to finish his studies. 知，此处指经营自己的企业。] 9.A.false B.complex C.agricultural D.electrical 解析：A[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的成 绩下降了，他遇到了卖给他假机器的骗子，他甚 至不得不关闭工厂一段时间来完成他的学业。 A.false假的；B.complex复杂的；C.agricultur al农业的；D.electrical电的，用电的。根据上文 “he met cheats who sold him”可知，骗子卖给他 的是假机器。] 10.A.confusion B.stress C.success D.honour 解析：C[考查名词词义辨析。句意：但Mo hiuddin的努力最终带来了成功。A.confusion 困惑；B.stress压力；C.success成功；D.hono ur荣誉。根据后文“more than6 million plas- tic bags in two years'”以及“He found a special way to 12 corn waste,turning it into ma- terials for making bags.These new bags are smooth and strong like plastic ones,but they become fertilizer within 180days.”可知，他用 玉米废料生产出180天就可降解为肥料的袋子， 并在两年内取代了600多万个塑料袋，说明取得 了成功。后文“His success'”也是提示。] 11.A.consumed B.replaced C.transported D.developed 解析：B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的公 司“生物改革”在两年内取代了600多万个塑 料袋。A.consumed消耗；B.replaced取代； C.transported运输；D.developed发展。根据 后文“These new bags are smooth and strong like plastic ones,but they become fertilizer within 180days.”可知，他生产的环保袋两年 内取代了600多万个塑料袋。] 12.A.cut down B.clean up C.get rid of D.make use of 解析：D[考查动词短语辨析。句意：他找到 了一种特殊的方法来利用玉米废料，把它变成 制作袋子的材料。A.cut down削减，砍倒； B.clean up清理；C.get rid of摆脱；D.make Ⅲ.应用文写作（通知）…… 假定你是某国际学校的学生会主席李华。为 了迎接第四届“全国生态日(National Ecology Day)”的到来，你校将于2026年8月12日下午 4:00一5：30在学校礼堂开展一次环保知识竞赛。 请你用英文写一则通知。内容包括： 1.竞赛主题、时间及地点； 2.报名方法； 3.鼓励大家踊跃报名。 注意：1.词数80左右： 2.开头和结尾已为你写好。 Notice Dear fellow students, The Students Union .30 基础必备必修第三册 use of利用。根据后文“corn waste,turning it into materials for making bags”可知，他的方 法是利用玉米废料来制作环保袋。] 13.A.shows B.commands C.influences D.warns 解析：A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的成 功向我们展示了创造性思维如何解决环境问 题。A.shows展示；B.commands命令；C.in fluences影响；D.warns警告。根据后文“us how creative thinking can solve environmental problems”可知他的成功向我们展示了创造性 思维如何解决环境问题。] 14.A.packing B.creating C.importing D.unloading 解析：B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过创 造既有利于商业又有利于地球的袋子，莫希丁 为我们树立了一个很好的榜样，让我们知道年 轻人可以在保护环境方面发挥真正的作用。 A.packing打包；B.creating创造；C.impor- ting进口；D.unloading(从车、船上)卸。此处 呼应上文“create eco-friendly bags”,指创造既 有利于商业又有利于地球的袋子。] 15.A.economy B.investment C.environment D.collections 解析：C[考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。 A.economy经济；B.investment投资；C.envi ronment环境；D.collections收藏品，募集。根 据上文“good for the earth”以及“create eco- friendly bags'”可知，他的成功说明了年轻人可 以在保护环境方面发挥真正的作用。] ………………… Notice Dear fellow students, In order to celebrate the fourth National Ecology Day and raise our awareness of environ- mental protection,the Students Union is going to hold a contest on how to protect our home planet at 4:00-5:30 pm on 12 August,2026 in the hall. If you are interested,you can start to sign up at the Students Union office now.The contest in- cludes two parts:quiz and debate.For more de- tailed information,please visit our website and read the related instructions. All students who are interested in challeng- ing themselves and protecting our home planet are welcome to participate! The Students Union