专题二 第三讲 情态动词和虚拟语气（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义语法突破+写作寻芳

语法突破专题二动词强化篇 第三讲情态动词和虚拟语气对应学生P21 情态动词具有一定的词义与另一动词构成谓语，表示一定的情感（如“惊讶、怀疑”等）、能力、允许、可 能性等。虚拟语气是三种语气（另外两种：陈述语气和祈使语气）中的一种，表示一种主观愿望和假想虚 拟的情况。 专点一 情态动词 1.情态动词的基本用法 情态动词 用法 例句 Samuel,the tallest boy in our class,can easily reach 表示“能力”，意为“能，会” the books on the top shelf. Samuel是我们班最高的男孩，他能轻易地拿到书架顶 层的书。 表示猜测，意为“可能”，用于否 定句或疑问句中。can比 That can't be Mary-she is in London now. could语气强 那不可能是玛丽 她现在在伦敦。 Credit cards provide us with lots of convenience,but 表示客观可能性，意为“有时候 can/could 会”，用于肯定句 sometimes they can lead to problems. 信用卡给我们提供了许多方便，但有时候会带来一些问题。 用在疑问句中表示礼貌地请 Can you tell us your recipe for happiness and a long 求，意为“能，可以”。could可 life? 代替can,语气更委婉 你能告诉我们你幸福和长寿的秘诀吗？ 用于固定句式中：can't..too/ I can't thank you too much for all your help to my son enough“无论…也不过分” while we were away from home. “越…越好” 我非常感谢你在我们不在家时对我儿子的帮助。 表示许可和请求，在疑问句中 Might/May I have a word with you?It won't take might比may的语气更委婉 long. 我可以和你说句话吗？不会耽误很长时间。 If you forgot to turn it off when you went away,you 表示猜测，意为“可能，或许”， might burn down the house. may/might 通常用于肯定句和否定句中 当你离开时如果忘记关掉它，你可能会把整个房子都 烧毁。 用于固定句式：may/might as well Since it is raining hard,you may/might as well stay 十动词原形“不妨；倒不如…” here. 既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。 Can't you stay a little longer? 难道你不能再多待一会儿吗？ 表示义务、必要性等，意为“必 须”。其否定式mustn't意为 It's getting late.I really must go now.My daughter “禁止” is at home alone. 时间不早了。现在我确实得走了。我的女儿独自 must 人在家。 表示猜测，意为“想必，一定”。 You must be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all 常用于肯定句中 these years. 你肯定是卡罗尔。这么多年你一点都没变。 表示偏执，固执，意为“非得， If you must go,at least wait until the storm is over. 偏要” 如果你非要走，至少要等到暴风雨停了。 ·21· 高考总复习英语 情态动词 用法 例句 用于第一、第三人称疑问句中， Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school to- 表示说话人征求对方的意见或 morrow? 向对方请示 要我告诉Brett明天放学后直接过来吗？ shall 用于第二、第三人称陈述句中， One of our rules is that every student shall wear the school 表示说话人给对方的命令、警 uniform while at school. 告、允诺或威胁 我们的规定之一就是每名学生在校期间都必须穿校服。 I don't think you should give up the opportunity to go 表示劝告或建议，意为“应该” to university which you have been dreaming about. 我认为你不应该放弃你一直以来梦想的上大学的机会。 表示推测、可能性或预期，意为 He should be here on time-he started early enough. should “应该；可能” 他应该按时到这里的—一他很早就出发了。 用于表示惊奇、失望、遗憾、愤 It's strange that he should have taken the books with- 怒等情绪，意为“竟然…；居 out the owner's permission. 简直是太奇怪了，他竟然未得到其主人的允许就把这些 然…” 书拿走了。 I have told him again and again to stop smoking,but he 表示意志或意愿。wil指现 will not listen. 在，would指过去 我已再三告诉他戒烟，但是他就是不听。 表示习惯性的动作，意为“总 I still remember my happy childhood when my mother would will/ 是”，will指现在，would指 take me to Disneyland at weekends. would 我仍旧记得我快乐的童年，那时我妈妈经常在周末带我 过去 去迪士尼乐园。 表示征求意见或提出请求，多 Will/Would you please let me have a look at your new 用于第二人称的疑问句中。 watch? would比will的语气更委婉 请让我看看你的新手表好吗？ need表示必要性，常用于疑问 My room is in a mess,but I needn't clean it before I go 句和否定句中，needn't表示 out tonight. “不必”。need作实义动词时， 我的房间里乱糟糟的，不过我今天晚上出门之前没必要 need 可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问 打扫它。 句中，有人称、数和时态的变 Since you have known it already,we don't need to keep it a 化；其后可接名词、代词、带to secret. 的不定式或动名词作宾语 既然你已经知道了，我们就没有必要保密了。 dare意为“敢，敢于”，主要用于 How dare you leave your home without your parents' 疑问句、否定句和条件句中，后 permission? 接动词原形。作实义动词时，在 在没有征得你父母同意的情况下你怎么敢离开家？ dare 肯定句中通常接带to的不定式， Most people hate Harry but they don't dare (to) 在疑问句和否定句中，dare之后 say so. 的to可省略 大多数人讨厌哈里，但他们敢怒不敢言。 ·22· 语法突破专题二动词强化篇 2.情态动词+have done 情态动词+have done 用法 例句 She didn't come to school yesterday.Can can/could have done 本来能够做某事而实际上没做 she have been ill? 她昨天没来学校，难道她生病了？ 只用于否定句，表示对过去发 生的动作的有把握推测，意为： He cannot have forgotten it. cannot/couldn't+have done 他不可能忘了那件事。 过去不可能做某事 I haven't seen her for weeks. 可用于肯定句或否定句，意为 may/might have done “大概已经”，表示对过去事实 She may/might have gone on holiday. 我好几个星期没见到她了。她可能度 不大肯定的推测 假去了。 只用于肯定句，表示对过去发 It must have rained last night,for the must have done 生的动作有把握猜测，意为：过 road is quite muddy. 去肯定做了某事 昨晚一定下雨了，因为路很泥泞。 You needn't have taken a taxi here,for it was very near to my house. needn't have done 本不必做而做了 你本来不必打车来这里的，因为这里离 我家很近。 should not/ought not to You shouldn't have told her the truth. 本不该做而做了 have done 你本不该告诉她真相。 You ought to have done this exercise more should/ought to have done 本该做，而实际上未做 carefully. 你本该更仔细地做这个练习。 [对点演练]一选词填空/补全句子 l.(2o25·浙江l月卷)With human inputs dramatically reduced,the garden's ecology can(can/must) develop well. 2.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)BMF is an indoor garden system.It can(must/can)be set up for a family.. 3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)The loss of what travel offers would(would./need)be unacceptable in today's world. 4.(2024·全国甲卷)You should(would./should)feel satisfied at the end of a meal,but not too full. 5.Anita could(could/would)speak three languages before she was six. 6.If you don't want to go swimming,you may(may/must)as well stay at home.Actually,it is up to you to decide. 7.You mustn't(mustn't/needn't)put anything on the shelves until the glue has set hard. 8.It's too late.I think he may have gone to bed. 太晚了，我想他或许已经睡了。 9.They left here early and should /ought to have arrived by now. 他们一早就离开了这里，现在应该到了。 10.The students are playing on the playground.They must have finished the homework. 学生们在操场上玩耍。他们一定已经完成了家庭作业。 ·23· 高考总复习英语 吉点二 虚拟语气 1.虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中 条件 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 例句 If you had taken my advice,you would/should/could/ 与过去事 wouldn't have failed. had十过去分词 need/might+have+过去 实相反 如果你听了我的建议，你就不会 分词 失败。 与现在事 过去式(be动词用 would/should/could/ If I were you,I would seize the chance. 实相反 were) need/might十动词原形 如果我是你，我就会抓住这个机会。 If he shouldn't come tomorrow,we would ①过去式 与将来事 would/should/could/ put off the meeting. ②should-十动词原形 实相反 ③were to-十动词原形 need/might-+动词原形 如果他明天不来，我们就推迟这个 会议。 考场思维 (l)if引导的非真实条件句中如果出现should,were或had,可以把if省略，把should,were或had提到 句首，其他语序不变。 (2)当f条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综时间条件句，这时动词 的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。 (3)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来，而是暗含在上下文中，比如通过without,or,otherwise,but for等词或短语来表示。 2.虚拟语气用在wish,if only,asif/though后的从句中 条件 从句谓语形式 例句 If only/How I wish I were a flying bird! 从句谓语动作与主句 我多希望我是一只会飞的鸟儿啊！ 过去式(be动词用were) 谓语动作同时发生 He looks as if he were an artist. 他看上去好像是一名艺术家。 If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film! 我要是看过那部电影该多好啊！ 从句谓语动作先于主 had+过去分词 She speaks English so fluently as if she had stayed 句谓语动作发生 in America for a long time. 她说英语如此流利，好像她在美国待过很长时间 似的。 He learns English so hard as if he would go to the 从句谓语动作后于主 would+动词原形 U.S.A. 句谓语动作发生 他如此努力学习英语，就好像他要去美国似的。 24· 语法突破专题二动词强化篇 3,虚拟语气用在主句含“坚持、命令、建议、要求”的名词性从句中 类别 名词性从句中谓语动词形式 例句 一坚持：insist He suggested that we (should)start off ear- ly the next day. 二命令：order,command 他建议我们第二天早点出发。 His suggestion was that we(should)start 四建议：advise,suggest, should+动词原形(should off early the next day. 可以省略) propose,recommend 他的建议是我们第二天早点出发。 It was suggested that we (should)start off 四要求：require,request, early the next day. demand,ask 人们建议我们第二天早点出发。 考场思维 suggest作“暗示，表明”讲，insist作“坚持说”讲，后面宾语从句的谓语动词不使用虚拟语 气形式(should-十动词原形)，而使用陈述语气。 The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work. 他脸上的微笑暗示着他对我们的工作很满意。 The man insisted that he had never stolen the money. 那个人坚持说他从来没有偷过钱。 4.虚拟语气用在“would rather-十that从句”中 条件 从句谓语形式 例句 I'd rather they didn't hear of the news. 对现在或将来的虚拟 过去式(be用were) 我宁愿他们没有听到这个消息。 I'd rather I had not told him the bad news. 对过去的虚拟 had十过去分词 我宁愿没有告诉过他那个坏消息。 5.虚拟语气用在“Itis(high)time十that从句”中 that从句谓语形式 例句 过去式或should十动词原形，且 It is (high)time that you went/should go to school. should不能省略 你们该去上学了。 [对点演练]一用括号内所给词的适当形式填空 1.If I hadn't been faced with so many barriers,I wouldn't/couldn't/mightn't be (not,be)where I am. 2.If I hadn't seen (not,see)it with my own eyes,I wouldn't have believed it. 3.You missed the sightseeing,or we would/should/could/might have had (have)a good time together. 4.Don't handle the vase as if it were(be)made of steel. 5.I wish I had been(be)at my sister's wedding last Tuesday,but I was on a business trip in New York then. 6.Jack is a great talker.It's high time that he should do/did(do)something instead of just talking. ·25· 高考总复习英语 D [课后微练] 对应学生P26 工.语法单句练 3.I feel so sick.I wish my mother hadn't forced 1.(2025·浙江1月卷)Paid training as a compa me to eat so much. ny car is provided.You must have a driver's li- 我感到好恶心。我真希望我妈妈没强迫我吃这 cense and a good driving record.You also need 么多。 to have a smart phone for communication. 4.My suggestion is that we (should)walk home 2.(2025·全国一卷)They could have written instead of taking a taxi. (write)pages on the necessity of computers, but writing,in and of itself,simply didn't 我的建议是走着回家，不用坐出租车。 strike them as important. 5.It is high time that we should begin/began the 3.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Although they could nev- meeting. er have met(meet),there are common themes 到我们开会的时间了。 in their works... 6.I can't promise anything,but I'll do what 4.If we had caught(catch)the flight yesterday, I can. we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach 我不能许诺什么，但我会尽力而为。 now. Ⅲ.语法语篇练（用所给词的适当形式填空） 5.(全国卷)一I stayed at a hotel while in New York. I have been wishing I 1.were (be)a bird fly- Oh,did you?You could have stayed(stay) ing freely in the clean sky.However,the earth is with Barbara. in a little danger now!People suffer more from 6.There is a good social life in the village,and I the natural disasters,pollution,global warming wish I had (have)a second chance to become and so on.If only we 2.could can)walk in the more involved. clean and fresh air!What do you suggest that we 7.-Can't you stay a little longer? 3.should)do (do)to save our earth?Many -It's getting late.I really must go now.My things are out of order.It looks as if the world daughter is home alone. 4.ended(end).It is high time that some effective 8.I needn't have worried before I came to the new measures 5.were taken/should be taken(take)to school,for my classmates here are very friend- ly to me. stop the damage to the earth.Otherwise,the 9.Maybe if I had studied(study)science,and not earth 6.would /could/might be destroyed de- liberal arts then,I would be able to give you stroy)by human beings.It is important and nec- more help now. essary that people 7.(should)spare(spare)no ef- 10.(全国卷)Are you coming to Jeff's party? fort to make the environment cleaner and cleaner. -I'm not sure.I might go(go)to the concert There is a strong demand that these actions instead. 8.(should)be carried (carry)out as soon as possi- Ⅱ.语法写作练 ble.It is generally believed that if people 9.had 1.If I were you,I would have taken his advice paid(pay)enough attention before,the environ- that day. 如果我是你，那天我就会接受他的忠告了。 mental problems would not be so bad now. 2.He was having a meeting,otherwise he would/ I do wish that one day the earth 10.would/ should/could/might have come over to help us. could/might become(become)as beautiful as the 他当时正在开会，否则他就来帮助我们了。 one before. ·26·