专题二 第二讲 非谓语动词（配套教参）-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮讲义语法突破+写作寻芳

语法突破专题二动词强化篇 第二讲 非谓语动词 对应学生15 解题技法先知 高考典例印证 (2025·全国二卷)Growing up,my family and our [第一步]分析句子结构，确定作非谓语 neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, 分析句子结构，所给提示词是动词时，若句中已有 denying me the chance discover)one of 谓语动词，又不是作并列谓语动词或从句谓语动 the great wonders of sunshine-the sweet "sun- 词时，则要考虑填非谓语动词。 shine scent"after sunning clothes for an [第二步]根据所作句子成分，确定用何种非 entire day. 谓语 [第一步]分析句子结构，确定作非谓语 (1)提示词与逻辑主语表主动关系时常用动词 分析句子结构可知，本句是一个复合句，主句谓语 -ing形式； 是used,discover作非谓语。 (2)提示词与逻辑主语是被动关系时常用动词-ed [第二步]根据所作句子成分，确定用何种非谓语 形式： 分析所作句子成分，chance to do sth.“做某事的 (3)提示词在句中作目的状语和意料之外的结果 机会”，本空用discover的不定式，作定语。 时常用动词不定式。 [自主解答]to discover [No.]非谓语动词的形式 1.动词不定式作状语 种类 时态 主动 被动 主语宾语宾补表语定语状语 用法 例句 to be 般式 to do done (2024·全国甲卷)For 词不定式 to be instance,almost all an- 进行式 doing imals have distinct vo- to have to have 完成式 cals(声音)that they re- done been done 作目的状语，有时动 ly on to either ask for being 一般式 doing 词不定式前可加in help,scare away any 动名词 done having having order或s0as,但so dangerous animals or 完成式 done been done asto不能用于句首。 look for shelter. being 例如，大多数动物都有 一般式 doing 现 done 不同的叫声，并依此求 助、驱赶危险动物或寻 having having 分 完成式 done been done 求庇护等。 过去分词 We hurried to the sta- 股式 L 作结果状语，常用于： tion,only to be told that only to do,enough to the train had left. [No.2]非谓语动词的句法功能 do,too...to do,so/ 我们急匆匆地赶到车 考点一 非谓语动词作状语 such...as to do。 站，结果被告知火车已 非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语通常要与句子 经开走了。 的主语保持一致。 ·15· 高考总复习英语 用法 例句 考场思维 1.某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，这些过去 visitors walking 作原因状语，表示喜、 Birthplace 分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种 through the 怒、哀、乐等情绪的形 Garden were often amazed 状态，如lost(迷路的)，seated(坐着的)，hidden 容词，如 (隐瞒的)，lost/absorbed in(沉溺于)，dressed anxious, to find the connection happy,frightened, between the two great in(穿着…的)，tired of(对…感到厌倦 surprised,amazed, 的)等。 writers. glad,puzzled等，后 …游客们穿过故居花 2.独立成分（也叫作悬垂分词或无依着分词）作状 接不定式作状语，表 园时，常常惊讶于这两 语，其形式不受上下文逻辑主语的影响。常用 原因。 位伟大作家之间的 的有considering.,(鉴于；考虑到)，judging 联系。 by/from..（从…来看；依据…来判断)， supposing that..(假定…)，providing 在“主语十系动词十 that..(假定…)，given..（考虑到…)， 形容词十todo”结构 provided that...(如果…) 中，不定式的主动形 The chair looks rather [对点演练]一用所给动词的正确形式填空 式表被动意义，作方 hard,but in fact it is 1.(2025·浙江1月卷)In a matrix garden,plants 式状语。该结构中常 very comfortable to sit on. with similar cultural needs are grouped so that 用的形容词有：easy, 这把椅子看上去很硬， they will grow together above and below hard,important,im- 但实际上坐上去很 ground,forming(form)a cooperative ecosys- possible, interesting, 舒服。 tem that conserves water and discourages pleasant,difficult,com- weeds. fortable,beautiful等。 2.(2025·浙江1月卷)To speed(speed)up the 2.分词作状语 process,please make sure the information you 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语，一般 submit through the ILL Request Form is accu- 在句中作时间、原因、结果、方式、条件、伴随、让 rate. 步等状语。 3.(2024·新课标I卷)These sepals open on 用法 例句 warm days to give (give)the inside plants sun- shine and fresh air. More highways have 4.(2024·新课标I卷)“Sometimes it surprises been built in China, me that it works so well,.”he says,.“I will do making it much easier anything to help (help)an animal.That's 动词-ing形式作状 for people to travel my job.” 语，与句子主语之 from one place to an- 5.(2024·浙江1月卷)Second,it can improve 间存在逻辑上的主 other. your focus and concentration,making (make) 谓关系。 中国已经修建了更多的 it easier to stay engaged in class. 公路，这让人们的出行 6.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Recalling(recall)watching 变得更容易。（作结果 a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare's play Rich- 状语) ard Ill in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to per- Used with care,one tin 动词-ed的形式作 form parts of The Peony Pavilion,Edmond- 状语，分词与句子 will last for six weeks. 如果小心使用，一罐可 son said,... 主语之间存在逻辑 以用六个星期。（作条 7.(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited(visit)sever- 上的动宾关系。 件状语) al times over the last 10 years,I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new. 16· 语法突破专题二 动词强化篇 8.(2023·全国乙卷)To make(make)some of 形式 用法 例句 my landscape shots,I have traveled up to four The houses being hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time 被修饰的名词与 built are for the frame. being 非谓语动词为被 teachers. 9.(2023·全国乙卷)James Barry(1789-1865) done 动关系且表示动 正在建的那些房子 was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, 作正在进行。 是为老师们建的。 dressed (dress)as a man,she was accepted by “Things lost never Edinburgh University to study medicine. 被修饰的名词与 come again!" 专点】 非谓语动词作定语 非谓语动词为被 I couldn't help talk- 1.动词不定式作定语 done 动关系，表示动 ing to myself. 作已经完成或表 我不禁自言自语 用法 例句 状态。 道：“失去的东西 动词不定式todo作 The problem to be 不会再回来！” 定语表示将来的动 discussed at the meet (2)不及物动词分词形式作定语 作；动词不定式tobe ing is very important. 形式 用法 示例 done作定语表将来 会上将要讨论的问题 boiling water正沸腾的水 被动的动作。 非常重要。 表示 boiled water白开水 动词 He is always the first 动作 (falling leaves正在下落的叶子 动词不定式修饰序数 -ing 正在 fallen leaves落叶 to arrive at the school 形式 词、最高级或no,all, 进行 (developing countries发展中国家 and the last to leave any等限定的中心 developed countries发达国家 the school. 词，且与中心词为逻 [对点演练] 用所给动词的正确形式填空 他总是第一个到校， 辑上的主动关系。 l.(2025·全国二卷)If you've never experienced 最后一个离校。 the“sunshine scent'”from a sheet or shirt left (leave)to sun for a day,well,you're missing 被修饰词是抽象名词 The ability to express out on one of life's wonders. 时，常用动词不定式 an idea is as impor- 2.(2024·浙江1月卷)There are things you can 作定语。该类名词有： tant as the idea it- do to ease(ease)this problem. ability,chance,idea, self. 3.(2023·全国乙卷)..it is home to more than hope,wish,fact,prom- 表达观点的能力与观 3,000 years of glorious history even down to ise,attempt,way等。 点本身同等重要。 its layout,with the city keeping its carefully built (build)system of ring roads. 2.分词作定语 4.(2023·新课标I卷)Cycling is the most eco (1)及物动词分词形式作定语 nomical,sustainable and fun way to explore 形式 (explore)the city,with its beautiful canals, 用法 例句 parks,squares and countless lights. 被修饰的名词与 5.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)We see scenes of children I have never seen 非谓语动词为逻 learning (learn)to read at home or at school, 动词 a more moving 辑上的主动关 with the book as a focus for relations between -ing movie. 系，动词-ing形 the generations. 形式 我从未看过如此 式表示被修饰词 6.(2023·全国乙卷)There has been a rise in the 动人的电影。 的特征。 number of students applying (apply)for food courses at UK universities and colleges. 17 高考总复习英语 吉点】 非谓语动词作补语 5,with/without的复合结构：with/without十名词 1.动词不定式作补语 +doing(主动、进行)/done(被动、完成)/todo (主动、将来)。 用法 例句 Without anyone noticing,I stole into the room. We were tasked to 没有人注意到，我偷偷溜进了房间。 有些动词或动词短语后接 [对点演练]一用所给动词的正确形式填空 draw or paint some 动词不定式作宾语补足语， 1.(2025·北京卷)I sometimes call him back, thing that impressed 即“动词（短语）十宾语十to worried that he might have someone scared us most. do”,如advise,want,al (scare). 我们的任务是画 low,permit,persuade,re- 2.(2024·浙江1月卷)..had a spare key sent 一些给我们留下 mind,invite,depend on,call (send)to me with just enough time to get back on等。 最深刻印象的 in before the actors arrived. 东西。 3.(2024·浙江1月卷)Before choosing to study online,consider whether you're a self-motiva- 常用动词不定式作主语补 ted learner and if the material seems interesting 足语的句型有：Sb./Sth. He is said to enough to keep you going(go). be said/believed/known/ have been chea- 4.(2023·新课标I卷)With over2,500 bikes reported/considered/ ted in the street. stored (store)in our five rental shops at stra- thought +to do/to have 据说他在大街上 tegic locations,we make sure there is always a done/to be done/to be 被骗了。 bike available for you. doing/to have been done 点四非谓语动词作主语、表语和宾语 2.分词作补语 1.非谓语动词中能作主语的有动名词和动词不定式 现在分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语与宾语 (1)动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性的 补足语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系；过去分词作 动作，动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性 宾语补足语时，表被动和完成，宾语补足语与宾 的或尚未做的动作。 语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 Dancing and skating are my hobbies,and I al- They use computers to keep the traffic running so like to read short stories smoothly. 跳舞和溜冰是我的爱好，同时我也喜欢读短篇 他们用电脑保持交通畅通。(the traffic与run 小说。 是逻辑上的主谓关系) To complete the programme needs much ef- 3.感官动词和短语(see,watch,observe,notice, fort. look at,hear,listen to,feel)后面的宾语补足语 为了完成这个项目需要付出很多的努力。 (2)t作形式主语，代替真正作主语的动词不定式 常见的有三种非谓语动词形式(do/doing/ done)。do表主动和完成（被动句中to还原）， 或动名词。常见句型有：Itis/was no use,/ good doing sth.;It is/was useless doing doing表主动或正在进行，done表被动或完成。 sth.It's a waste of time doing sth.It's As I got closer,I saw him kicking his legs in the 容词+for/ofsb.+to do sth.等。 air and breathing heavily. It was important for us to live a low-carbon 当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，呼吸 life. 沉重。 过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。 4.表“使，让”的动词make/have/get/keep/leave+ It is no good coming before that. 宾语十补语 在那之前来没有用。 Claire had her luggage checked an hour before 2.非谓语动词中能作表语的有现在分词、过去分 her plane left. 词、动名词和动词不定式。注意现在分词作表 在飞机起飞前一个小时，克莱尔把行李进行了 语，意为“令人感到…的”，而过去分词作表 安检。 语，意为“本身感到…的”。 18· 语法突破专题二动词强化篇 Please describe a dog that is frightening. It's typical of him to complain about/of the 请描述一只令人害怕的狗。 working conditions,but he didn't intend to Please describe a dog that is frightened. resign. 请描述一只惊恐的狗。 他经常抱怨工作条件，但他并不打算辞职。 My dream is to enter Beijing University. 考场思维 我的梦想是考入北京大学。 l.动词want,need,require作“需要”讲时，其后要 3.非谓语动词中能作宾语的有动名词和动词不 用动词-ing形式的主动形式或动词不定式的被 定式 动形式作宾语。与此用法相同的动词还有de (1)只能跟动词-ing形式作宾语的动词（短语） serve(值得)。 ①喜欢考虑不避免(enjoy,consider,escape, 2.既可跟动词-ing形式又可跟动词不定式的动词 avoid) 和短语但意义上不相同的有：remember,for ②不禁放弃太冒险(cannot help,give up,risk) get,regret,stop,go on,mean,start,begin, ③感激承认很值得(appreciate,admit,worth) try等。 ④介意想象莫推延(mind,imagine,delay,put (forget/remember to do sth.忘记/记得去做某事 off) (forget/remember doing sth.忘记/记得做了某事 ⑤允许完成是期望(allow/permit,finish,look (regret to do sth.对要做某事感到遗憾 forward to) regret doing sth.后悔做了某事 ⑥建议继续勤操练(suggest,goon,practise) (try to do sth,.尽力去做某事 ⑦致力原谅要坚持(be devoted to,excuse,in try doing sth.尝试做某事 sist on) mean to do sth.想要/打算做某事 ⑧继续成功不错过(keep on,succeed in,miss) mean doing sth.意味着做… Please let me know if you could come.Loo- I meant to go,but my father would not allow me to. king forward to your joining. 我想去，但是我的父亲不让我去。 请告诉我你是否能来。期待您的加入。 To raise wage means increasing purchasing The thief kept running to avoid being caught power. by the police. 提高工资意味着增加购买力。 小偷不停地跑以避免被警察抓住。 [对点演练]一用所给动词的正确形式填空 (2)只能跟动词不定式作宾语的动词（短语） ①三个希望两答应(hope,wish,expect,agree, 1.(2025·浙江1月卷)..and I know that doesn't always mean returning (return)a dress promise) on the Monday after a special weekend. ②两个要求莫拒绝(demand,ask,refuse) ③设法学会做决定(manage,learn,decide/de 2.(2025·浙江1月卷)Removing(remove)gen der from the picture altogether seems like a termine) ④不要假装在选择(pretend,choose/select) simple way to fix this. ⑤打算提出俩计划(intend,offer,plan,mean) 3.(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, ⑥申请失败负担起(apply,fail,afford) some supermarkets started selling (sell)chick- en or salad in packs designed with two halves ⑦准备愿望又碰巧(prepare,desire,happen) ⑧此外threaten,can't wait to do sth.等也要 containing separate portions(). 4.(2024·浙江1月卷)If your supermarket sells 用动词不定式作宾语 loose produce,then buying (buy)smaller quan- Even if I am busy with my lessons,I have tities is easier. managed to find time to hang out with my friends. 5.(2o23·新课标I卷)If people are similar and 即使我正忙着上课，我还是设法抽出时间和朋 tend to make (make)the same errors,then 友们出去玩。 their errors won't cancel each other out. 19· 高考总复习英语 D [课后微练] 对应学生P20 I.语法单句练 Ⅱ.语法写作练 L.(2025·浙江1月卷)Any restrictions estab- 1.I remembered locking the door before I left the lished(establish)by the lending library will be classroom,but forgot to turn off the lights. indicated on the label. 离开教室之前，我没有忘记锁门，但是忘了 2.(2025·浙江1月卷)Tanya's shop offers fash- 关灯。 ion clothes for women to rent (rent)rather 2.The confused look on children's faces sugges- than purchase them outright,... ted that they hadn't understood my idea. 3.(2025·全国一卷)We hope to present（pres 孩子脸上困惑的表情暗示他们没有理解我的 想法。 ent)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a 3.He can't attend the meeting being held at pres- visual context,and initiate dialogues with min- ent because he is preparing for the coming test. imalist art,conceptual art and expressionism. 他在准备即将来临的考试，因此不能去参加正 4.(2024·北京卷)I realised that by trying some- 在举行的会议。 thing new,I can have fun-even if it means 4.In order to finish our work ahead of time,we stepping(step)out of my comfort zone. often asked more people to help us. 5.(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)With so many online posts 为了提前完成工作，我们经常会请求很多人来 featuring(feature)the same places,it's easy to 帮助我们。 feel like you're missing out. 5.It's a great pleasure to talk with you. 6.(2024·浙江1月卷)Having(have)a poor 和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。 sense of direction,Eva found it impossible to 6.My job is teaching you English. get around in such a huge building. 我的工作是教你们英语。 7.(2024·北京卷)They then tested my singing Ⅲ.语法语篇练（用所给词的适当形式填空） (sing)skills and asked what role I wanted to 1.Standing (stand)at the window of an ex- play. pensive shop was a young woman 2.dressed(dress)in blue jeans.She went in and asked 3.to see(see)a 8.(2024·北京卷)Slowing(slow)down can con- dress that was in the window.The assistant tribute significantly to personal growth. 4.serving(serve)her did not like the way she was 9.(2023·全国乙卷)As a photographer,I have dressed and told her the dress was sold in ad- spent the last two years recording (record)eve- vance.The woman walked out of the shop angri- rything I discovered. ly.5.Deciding/Having decided(decide)to punish 10.(2023·全国甲卷)Behind the simple style, the assistant,the woman returned to the shop the however,is a serious message intended (in- following morning dressed in a fur coat,with a tend)for everyone. handbag in her hand.6.Finding(find)the rude as- 1l.(2023·新课标I卷)Shanghai may be the rec- sistant,she asked for the same dress.Not reali- ognized (recognize)home of the soup dumpling zing who she was,he was eager 7.to serve(serve) but food historians will actually point you to her this time.With great difficulty,he climbed in- the neighboring ancient canal town of Nanx- to the shop window to get the dress.Seeing this, iang as xiao long bao's birthplace. the woman said that she didn't like it.She en- 12.(2023·新课标I卷)Nanxiang aside,the best joyed herself by 8.making(make)the assistant xiao long bao have a fine skin,allowing them bring almost everything in the window before fi- to be lifted (lift)out of the steamer basket nally buying the dress she had at first asked for. without tearing or spilling any of their con- She was very 9.pleased (please)with what she had done.10.Taking(take)the dress,she left the tents. shop. ·20·