Unit 1 Water 核心语法之宾语从句(that、who和which引导)-2026-2027学年沪教版(五四学制)八年级英语上册
2026-2027学年沪教版(五四学制)八年级英语上册核心语法精讲精练
(新教材)Unit 1 Water
核心语法:宾语从句(that、who和which引导)
一、核心概念
宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子,即用一个完整的句子来充当主句谓语动词的宾语。
核心功能: 用一个句子来表达“说什么、想什么、知道什么”等内容。
基本结构: 主句 + 引导词 + 从句(陈述句语序)
示例:
I think (that) he is right.(我认为他是对的。)
I know who she is.(我知道她是谁。)
I know which one he likes.(我知道他喜欢哪一个。)
二、宾语从句的三要素(必背!)
掌握宾语从句,必须牢牢抓住以下三个核心要素:
引导词(连接词):that / who / which / 疑问词
语序:从句必须用陈述句语序(主语 + 谓语 + 其他)
时态呼应:主句与从句的时态要合理搭配
三、三种引导词的用法
1. that 引导的宾语从句(陈述句)
用法: 当从句是陈述句时,用 that 引导。that 只起连接作用,无实际意义,在口语或非正式文体中常可省略。
结构: 主句 + (that) + 陈述句
常见主句动词: think, know, say, believe, hear, hope, agree, remember, forget, feel, mean, suggest, wish
例句:
I think (that) he is a good student.(我认为他是个好学生。)
She said (that) she would come to the party.(她说她会来参加聚会。)
We all know (that) the earth moves around the sun.(我们都知道地球绕着太阳转。)→ 客观真理,时态不变
I hope (that) you can help me.(我希望你能帮我。)
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⚠️ 注意: that 在宾语从句中可以省略,但在以下情况不能省略:
从句前有插入语时
多个宾语从句并列时(第一个 that 可省,后面的不能省)
He said (that) he was tired and that he needed a rest.
2. who 引导的宾语从句
用法: 当从句是特殊疑问句,且询问“谁”时,用 who 引导。who 在从句中作主语或宾语。
结构: 主句 + who + 陈述句语序
例句:
I know who she is.(我知道她是谁。)→ who 作表语
I don‘t know who did it.(我不知道是谁做的。)→ who 作主语
Do you know who he is waiting for?(你知道他在等谁吗?)→ who 作宾语
⚠️ 注意: 当 who 在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词与先行词在数上一致。
I know who is coming.(我知道谁要来。)→ who 作单数
I know who are coming.(我知道哪些人要来。)→ who 作复数
3. which 引导的宾语从句
用法: 当从句是特殊疑问句,且询问“哪一个”时,用 which 引导。which 在从句中作定语、主语或宾语。
结构: 主句 + which + 陈述句语序
例句:
I don‘t know which one he wants.(我不知道他想要哪一个。)→ which 作定语
She asked me which I liked better.(她问我哪个我更喜欢。)→ which 作宾语
Do you know which is yours?(你知道哪个是你的吗?)→ which 作主语
四、that 与 who/which 引导宾语从句的区别
引导词 | 用法 | 例句 |
that | 引导陈述句,无词义 | I think that he is right. |
who | 引导特殊疑问句,询问“谁” | I know who she is. |
which | 引导特殊疑问句,询问“哪一个” | I don’t know which one he wants. |
五、其他疑问词引导的宾语从句(了解)
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除了 who 和 which,其他疑问词(what, where, when, why, how 等)也可以引导宾语从句。
疑问词 | 例句 |
what | I don‘t know what he said. |
where | Could you tell me where the station is? |
when | I don’t know when he will come. |
why | She asked why I was late. |
how | Please tell me how to get there. |
六、核心规则:陈述句语序(最重要!)
黄金法则: 宾语从句必须用陈述句语序,即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语 + 其他”。
直接问句(疑问语序) | 宾语从句(陈述语序) |
Who is she? | I know who she is. |
Which one does he want? | I don‘t know which one he wants. |
Where is the station? | Could you tell me where the station is? |
What did she say? | I don’t know what she said. |
错误示范:
❌ I know who is she.
✅ I know who she is.
❌ I don‘t know which one does he want.
✅ I don’t know which one he wants.
七、时态呼应问题
主句时态 | 从句时态 | 例句 |
现在时(say, know, think) | 根据实际情况,可用任何时态 | I think (that) he is/was/will be right. |
过去时(said, knew, | 相应的过去时态 | He said (that) he was tired. |
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