专题05 数词-2026年小升初英语知识详细讲解

2026学年英语小升初知识详细讲解 专题05 数词 专题解说 数词是小升初英语核心基础考点，专门用来表示事物的数量多少、顺序位次，核心分为基数词(表数量：多少)和序数词(表顺序：第几)两大类。小升初考题主要围绕数词变形、固定用法、时间/日期/编号/分数表达、高频易错点展开，题型覆盖单选、填空、句型转换、改错，分值稳定且易错率较高。 考点归纳 考点 知识梳理 要点提示(小升初高频易错) 基数词 1. 定义：用来表示事物具体数量的数词。2. 核心构成：1-12为独立特殊词汇；13-19均以-teen结尾；20-90整十数以-ty结尾；几十几由“整十数+连字符+个位数”构成。3. 百位以上数字：百位和十位/个位之间加and(美式可省略)。 1. hundred/thousand/million前有具体数字，词尾不加s，无of；2. 表模糊约数(数百、数千)，必须加s且搭配of，如：hundreds of people(数百人)；3. 几十几数字必须加连字符，如thirty-five。 序数词 1. 定义：用来表示事物排列顺序、位次的数词。2. 核心构成规则：① 特殊变形：one-first、two-second、three-third；② 4-19直接加th；八去t、九去e、ve变f、整十ty变tie加th；③ 几十几序数词，只变个位，十位不变。3. 核心用法：表特指顺序加the；有物主代词修饰不加the；a/an+序数词表“又一、再一”。 基数词变序数词口诀：一二三特殊记，th从四起，八减t，九减e，ve替f，ty变tie，几十几变个位；高频易错：ninth(第九)、twelfth(第十二)、twentieth(第二十)；固定搭配：one's+序数词+birthday(某人几岁生日)，不加the。 数词综合用法 1. 编号表达：名词首字母大写+基数词(Room 302)、the+序数词+名词(the third floor)；2. 年月日表达：年用基数词、月用月份名词、日期用序数词；in+年月，on+具体日期；3. 时刻表达：整点(数字+o'clock)、半点(half past+数字)、分钟≤30用past、分钟＞30用to(下一小时)；4. 分数表达：分子基数词、分母序数词，分子＞1分母加s；5. 数学运算：plus加、minus减、times乘、divided by除。 1. 日期简写：March 12th=the twelfth of March；2. 时刻易错：10:50=ten to eleven(差十分十一点)；3. 分数易错：1.5小时=one and a half hours(hour用复数)；4. 编号名词必须大写，数字后置。 考点剖析 考点一 基数词 例题单项选择。 1. There are ________ students in Grade Six in our school. A. five hundreds and twenty-eight B. five hundred twenty eight C. five hundred and twenty-eight D. five hundreds twenty-eight 2. He lives in ________, which is on the second floor. A. room 205 B. Room 205 C. 205 Room D. 205 room 真题剖析 1. 具体数字修饰hundred不加s，百位十位间加and，几十几需加连字符，ABD格式错误，故选C。 2. 英文编号固定格式：大写名词+基数词，数字后置，故选B。 答案：1.C 2.B 考点二 序数词 例题单项选择。 1. There are twelve months in a year. September is the ________ month. A. nine B. ninth C. nineth D. the ninth 2. —When is Teachers' Day? —It's on ________. A. the ten of September B. September tenth C. September ten D. tenth September 真题剖析 1. 表顺序用序数词，nine序数词为ninth(去e加th)，空前有the无需重复加the，故选B。 2. 日期标准表达：月份+序数词简写，是小升初固定考点，故选B。 答案：1.B 2.B 知能训练一 一、根据句意及数字提示，写出基数词正确形式 1. We have ________ (8) new classmates this term. 2. There are ________ (28) days in February in a common year. 3. Fifty plus thirty-five is ________ (85). 4. This school has over ________ (900) students. 5. Seventy-two minus nineteen is ________ (53). 二、单项选择 1. My sister is a ________ girl, she can speak English well. A. seven-years-old B. seven year old C. seven-year-old D. seven years old 2. ________ people visit the museum every weekend. A. Hundreds of B. Hundred of C. Two hundreds D. Two hundred of 3. The river is ________ meters long. A. three hundred and sixty B. three hundreds sixty C. three hundred sixty D. three hundreds and sixty 4. I usually get up at ________ in the morning. A. six forty B. forty past six C. six and forty D. forty to six 知能训练二 一、单项选择 1. Sunday is the ________ day of a week in English tradition. A. one B. first C. second D. once 2. Her ________ birthday is coming, she will have a big party. A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth D. twelves 3. We will have our sports meeting on the ________ of April. A. twenty-one B. twenty-first C. twenty one D. twenty one th 4. This is the ________ time I have read this storybook. A. three B. third C. three times D. threeth 过关训练 一、选出不同类的一项 1. A. fourteen B. nineteen C. fourteenth 2. A. third B. thirteen C. fifteenth 3. A. eighty B. twelfth C. ninety 4. A. second B. fifth C. sixteen 5. A. forty B. seventh C. sixty 二、词形转换(基数词↔序数词) 1. three (序数词) ________ 2. twentieth (基数词) ________ 3. five (序数词) ________ 4. twelfth (基数词) ________ 5. twenty-four (序数词) ________ 6. ninth (基数词) ________ 7. eight (序数词) ________ 8. thirty (序数词) ________ 三、算数填空(用英文数词作答) 1. twelve + eight = ________ 2. fifty - sixteen = ________ 3. seven + nineteen = ________ 4. sixty - twenty-five = ________ 5. nine + eleven = ________ 6. thirty + forty = ________ 四、单项选择 1. There are ________ days in June. A. thirty B. thirtieth C. the thirty 2. He is ________ years old, and today is his ________ birthday. A. ten; ten B. ten; tenth C. tenth; ten 3. I have ________ pen pals in different cities. A. two hundreds B. two hundred C. hundred of 4. —What's thirty and twenty? —It's ________. A. fifty B. fiftieth C. fifteen 5. We live on the ________ floor. A. five B. fifth C. fiveth 6. Spring is the ________ season of a year. A. one B. first C. the first 五、句型转换 1. My birthday is on August 15th.(对划线部分提问) ________ ________ your birthday? 2. Tom is twelve years old.(对划线部分提问) ________ ________ is Tom? 3. The party starts at half past seven.(对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the party start? 实战演练 一、根据中文提示补全句子 1. There are ________ (十二) months in a year. December is the ________ (十二) month. 2. I got the ________ (第一) prize in the English test. 3. My school is ________ (五百) meters away from my home. 二、单项选择 1. ________ of students like doing sports after school. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Two thousands 2. The Olympic Games comes every ________ years. A. four B. fourth C. the fourth 3. There is ________ "h" and ________ "u" in the word "hour". A. an; a B. a; an C. an; an 三、阅读理解判断正误 Our school library is open from 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on weekdays. It has three floors. The first floor has storybooks, the second floor has picture books and the third floor has science books. There are about eight hundred books on each floor. Students can read books for free from Monday to Friday. ( )1. The library opens for eight and a half hours on weekdays. ( )2. There are about 2400 books in total in the library. ( )3. Science books are on the second floor. 参考答案及详细解析 知能训练一 一、单词填空 1. eight 2. twenty-eight 3. eighty-five 4. nine hundred 5. fifty-three 二、单项选择 1.C(复合形容词用单数连字符形式) 2.A(hundreds of 固定约数搭配) 3.A(具体数字hundred无s，格式规范) 4.A(小于30分钟直接数字顺读) 知能训练二 一、单项选择 1.B 2.B(物主代词后不加the) 3.B 4.B 过关训练 一、不同类选择 1.C 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 二、词形转换 1.third 2.twenty 3.fifth 4.twelve 5.twenty-fourth 6.nine 7.eighth 8.thirtieth 三、算数填空 1.twenty 2.thirty-four 3.twenty-six 4.thirty-five 5.twenty 6.seventy 四、单项选择 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 五、句型转换 1.When is 2.How old 3.When does 实战演练 一、补全句子 1.twelve; twelfth 2.first 3.five hundred 二、单项选择 1.B 2.A 3.A 三、阅读理解判断 1.T 2.T 3.F 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026学年英语小升初知识详细讲解 专题05 数词 专题解说 数词是小升初英语核心基础考点，专门用来表示事物的数量多少、顺序位次，核心分为基数词(表数量：多少)和序数词(表顺序：第几)两大类。小升初考题主要围绕数词变形、固定用法、时间/日期/编号/分数表达、高频易错点展开，题型覆盖单选、填空、句型转换、改错，分值稳定且易错率较高。 考点归纳 考点 知识梳理 要点提示(小升初高频易错) 基数词 1. 定义：用来表示事物具体数量的数词。2. 核心构成：1-12为独立特殊词汇；13-19均以-teen结尾；20-90整十数以-ty结尾；几十几由“整十数+连字符+个位数”构成。3. 百位以上数字：百位和十位/个位之间加and(美式可省略)。 1. hundred/thousand/million前有具体数字，词尾不加s，无of；2. 表模糊约数(数百、数千)，必须加s且搭配of，如：hundreds of people(数百人)；3. 几十几数字必须加连字符，如thirty-five。 序数词 1. 定义：用来表示事物排列顺序、位次的数词。2. 核心构成规则：① 特殊变形：one-first、two-second、three-third；② 4-19直接加th；八去t、九去e、ve变f、整十ty变tie加th；③ 几十几序数词，只变个位，十位不变。3. 核心用法：表特指顺序加the；有物主代词修饰不加the；a/an+序数词表“又一、再一”。 基数词变序数词口诀：一二三特殊记，th从四起，八减t，九减e，ve替f，ty变tie，几十几变个位；高频易错：ninth(第九)、twelfth(第十二)、twentieth(第二十)；固定搭配：one's+序数词+birthday(某人几岁生日)，不加the。 数词综合用法 1. 编号表达：名词首字母大写+基数词(Room 302)、the+序数词+名词(the third floor)；2. 年月日表达：年用基数词、月用月份名词、日期用序数词；in+年月，on+具体日期；3. 时刻表达：整点(数字+o'clock)、半点(half past+数字)、分钟≤30用past、分钟＞30用to(下一小时)；4. 分数表达：分子基数词、分母序数词，分子＞1分母加s；5. 数学运算：plus加、minus减、times乘、divided by除。 1. 日期简写：March 12th=the twelfth of March；2. 时刻易错：10:50=ten to eleven(差十分十一点)；3. 分数易错：1.5小时=one and a half hours(hour用复数)；4. 编号名词必须大写，数字后置。 考点剖析 考点一 基数词 例题单项选择。 1. There are ________ students in Grade Six in our school. A. five hundreds and twenty-eight B. five hundred twenty eight C. five hundred and twenty-eight D. five hundreds twenty-eight 2. He lives in ________, which is on the second floor. A. room 205 B. Room 205 C. 205 Room D. 205 room 考点二 序数词 例题单项选择。 1. There are twelve months in a year. September is the ________ month. A. nine B. ninth C. nineth D. the ninth 2. —When is Teachers' Day? —It's on ________. A. the ten of September B. September tenth C. September ten D. tenth September 知能训练一 一、根据句意及数字提示，写出基数词正确形式 1. We have ________ (8) new classmates this term. 2. There are ________ (28) days in February in a common year. 3. Fifty plus thirty-five is ________ (85). 4. This school has over ________ (900) students. 5. Seventy-two minus nineteen is ________ (53). 二、单项选择 1. My sister is a ________ girl, she can speak English well. A. seven-years-old B. seven year old C. seven-year-old D. seven years old 2. ________ people visit the museum every weekend. A. Hundreds of B. Hundred of C. Two hundreds D. Two hundred of 3. The river is ________ meters long. A. three hundred and sixty B. three hundreds sixty C. three hundred sixty D. three hundreds and sixty 4. I usually get up at ________ in the morning. A. six forty B. forty past six C. six and forty D. forty to six 知能训练二 一、单项选择 1. Sunday is the ________ day of a week in English tradition. A. one B. first C. second D. once 2. Her ________ birthday is coming, she will have a big party. A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth D. twelves 3. We will have our sports meeting on the ________ of April. A. twenty-one B. twenty-first C. twenty one D. twenty one th 4. This is the ________ time I have read this storybook. A. three B. third C. three times D. threeth 过关训练 一、选出不同类的一项 1. A. fourteen B. nineteen C. fourteenth 2. A. third B. thirteen C. fifteenth 3. A. eighty B. twelfth C. ninety 4. A. second B. fifth C. sixteen 5. A. forty B. seventh C. sixty 二、词形转换(基数词↔序数词) 1. three (序数词) ________ 2. twentieth (基数词) ________ 3. five (序数词) ________ 4. twelfth (基数词) ________ 5. twenty-four (序数词) ________ 6. ninth (基数词) ________ 7. eight (序数词) ________ 8. thirty (序数词) ________ 三、算数填空(用英文数词作答) 1. twelve + eight = ________ 2. fifty - sixteen = ________ 3. seven + nineteen = ________ 4. sixty - twenty-five = ________ 5. nine + eleven = ________ 6. thirty + forty = ________ 四、单项选择 1. There are ________ days in June. A. thirty B. thirtieth C. the thirty 2. He is ________ years old, and today is his ________ birthday. A. ten; ten B. ten; tenth C. tenth; ten 3. I have ________ pen pals in different cities. A. two hundreds B. two hundred C. hundred of 4. —What's thirty and twenty? —It's ________. A. fifty B. fiftieth C. fifteen 5. We live on the ________ floor. A. five B. fifth C. fiveth 6. Spring is the ________ season of a year. A. one B. first C. the first 五、句型转换 1. My birthday is on August 15th.(对划线部分提问) ________ ________ your birthday? 2. Tom is twelve years old.(对划线部分提问) ________ ________ is Tom? 3. The party starts at half past seven.(对划线部分提问) ________ ________ the party start? 实战演练 一、根据中文提示补全句子 1. There are ________ (十二) months in a year. December is the ________ (十二) month. 2. I got the ________ (第一) prize in the English test. 3. My school is ________ (五百) meters away from my home. 二、单项选择 1. ________ of students like doing sports after school. A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Two thousands 2. The Olympic Games comes every ________ years. A. four B. fourth C. the fourth 3. There is ________ "h" and ________ "u" in the word "hour". A. an; a B. a; an C. an; an 三、阅读理解判断正误 Our school library is open from 8:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. on weekdays. It has three floors. The first floor has storybooks, the second floor has picture books and the third floor has science books. There are about eight hundred books on each floor. Students can read books for free from Monday to Friday. ( )1. The library opens for eight and a half hours on weekdays. ( )2. There are about 2400 books in total in the library. ( )3. Science books are on the second floor. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $