Unit 1 Water 知识梳理与同步练习2026—2027学年沪教版（五四学制）八年级上册初中英语

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了沪教版八年级上册Unit 1 Water的知识体系。从单元主题“水的常识、水循环、水资源保护”及核心交际场景出发，整合核心词汇（含音标、词性、释义、词形变形及短语搭配）、重点短语、核心句型，最终聚焦时间状语从句和复合不定代词两大中考核心语法，构建从基础积累到综合运用的学习支架。 知识链路以主题为统领，语言要素（词汇、短语、句型）与语法规则紧密结合，逻辑层次分明。同步练习涵盖单词拼写、语法单选、情景对话及书面表达，分层设计强化语言应用，参考答案及范文提供精准指导。通过系统梳理与实战训练，有效提升学生语言能力（词汇句型积累与表达）、思维品质（语法规则分析与应用）及学习能力（分层练习与方法掌握），凸显英语学科特色学习路径。

Unit 1 Water 知识梳理与同步练习2026—2027学年沪教版（五四学制）八年级上册英语 第一部分 核心知识超全梳理 一、单元主题与交际场景 主题：Water（水的常识、水循环、水资源短缺、节约用水与水资源保护） 核心交际场景： 1. 介绍地球水资源分布、淡水占比、水的三态变化； 2. 描述水循环全过程（蒸发—凝结—降雨—汇入江河）； 3. 谈论日常生活用水、浪费水现象、水资源污染问题； 4. 提出节水建议、宣传节水理念、撰写节水倡议书。 二、核心词汇（音标+词性+释义+词形变形+短语搭配） 1. 基础必背名词 1. water /ˈwɔːtə(r)/ n. 水（不可数）；v. 浇水 → waterer n. 浇水器 2. fact /fækt/ n. 事实；真相 in fact 事实上 3. surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/ n. 表面 the surface of Earth 地球表面 4. percent /pəˈsent/ n. 百分比 5. fresh /freʃ/ adj. 新鲜的 → fresh water 淡水（反义词：salty water 咸水/海水） 6. amount /əˈmaʊnt/ n. 数量 a small amount of 少量；a large amount of 大量 7. drop /drɒp/ n. 水滴；v. 滴落 every drop of water 每一滴水 8. cycle /ˈsaɪkl/ n. 循环 water cycle 水循环 9. resource /rɪˈsɔːs/ n. 资源 water resources 水资源 10. shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n. 短缺 water shortage 水资源短缺 11. pollution /pəˈluːʃn/ n. 污染 water pollution 水污染 12. litre /ˈliːtə(r)/ n. 升（复数litres） 2. 核心动词&形容词 1. pollute /pəˈluːt/ v. 污染 → pollution n. 污染 2. save /seɪv/ v. 节约；拯救 save water 节约用水 3. waste /weɪst/ v. 浪费；n. 废弃物 waste water 废水 4. evaporate /ɪˈvæpəreɪt/ v. 蒸发 → evaporation n. 蒸发 5. condense /kənˈdens/ v. 凝结 6. flow /fləʊ/ v. 流动 7. limited /ˈlɪmɪtɪd/ adj. 有限的 limited resources 有限资源 8. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的 be necessary for 对……必不可少 9. survive /səˈvaɪv/ v. 生存；存活 survive on water 依靠水生存 10. supply /səˈplaɪ/ v.&n. 供给；供应 supply water 供水 11. spread /spred/ v. 传播（过去式/过去分词spread） spread ideas 传播理念 12. awareness /əˈweənəs/ n. 意识 water-saving awareness 节水意识 三、重点短语汇总 1. be covered with 被……覆盖 2. only a small amount of 仅仅少量的…… 3. living things 生物 4. without water 没有水 5. turn off the tap 关掉水龙头 6. run out 用完；耗尽 7. time状语从句高频短语：before/after/when/until 8. take action to do 采取行动做某事 9. do research on 做关于……的调查研究 10. pour...into... 把……倒入…… 四、核心句型（写作&对话万能句） 1. About 71% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water. 地球约71%的表面被水覆盖。 2. Water is necessary for all living things to survive. 水是所有生物生存的必需品。 3. We can only live for a few days if we have no water. 如果没有水，我们只能存活几天。 4. We must turn off the tap when we brush our teeth. 刷牙时我们必须关掉水龙头。（时间状语从句：主将从现） 5. Everyone should spread the idea of saving water in daily life. 每个人都应该在生活中传播节水理念。 6. It’s important for us to protect fresh water resources. 保护淡水资源对我们来说很重要。 五、本单元两大核心语法（中考重点） 语法1：时间状语从句（when / before / after / until / as） 核心规则：主句将来时/情态动词/祈使句，从句用一般现在时表将来（主将从现） ① When you leave the room, please close the window.（when 当……时） ② Wash hands before you have meals.（before 在……之前） ③ Don’t leave until your homework is finished.（until 直到……） 例句：We will visit the water plant when we finish our class. 语法2：复合不定代词（everyone/everything/something/nothing等） 1. 作主语，谓语动词必须用单数：Everyone needs clean fresh water. 2. 形容词后置修饰：something important（重要的事），nothing serious 3. 否定句中anything代替something：We don’t have anything left. 同步练习题 班级：________ 姓名：________ 得分：________ 一、单词拼写（每空2分，共20分） 根据句意及首字母/中文提示补全单词 1. About 71 p________ of our Earth is covered with water. ​ 2. Only a small a________ of fresh water is available for people to use. ​ 3. Clean water is n________ for all living things to live. ​ 4. We should s________ water in our daily life. ​ 5. Factories mustn’t p________ rivers with dirty water. ​ 6. Water will e________ when it is heated.（蒸发） ​ 7. We need to raise public a________ of water protection.（意识） ​ 8. It’s impolite and wrong to w________ clean water.（浪费） ​ 9. The water c________ includes three main steps.（循环） ​ 10. Many countries face serious water s________ now.（短缺） 二、选词填空（词形变换，每词限用一次，每题3分，共15分） limited, survive, spread, flow, supply 1. No living things can ____________ without water. ​ 2. The Yangtze River ____________ eastward all year round. ​ 3. The government ____________ clean water for villagers every day. ​ 4. We should ____________ water-saving ideas to more people. ​ 5. Fresh water on Earth is ____________, so we must protect it. 三、语法单项选择（每题2分，共20分） ( )1. We ______ a visit to the water park when we ______ our mid-term exam. A. will take; finish B. take; will finish C. will take; will finish ( )2. Everyone in our group ______ a report on water protection this weekend. A. gives B. will give C. give ( )3. —Is there ______ wrong with your water bottle? —No, it works well. A. something B. anything C. nothing ( )4. Please turn off the tap ______ you finish washing your hands. A. before B. after C. until ( )5. You can’t leave the classroom ______ you finish your homework. A. when B. after C. until ( )6. A large amount of fresh water ______ wasted every day. A. is B. are C. be ( )7. We must stop ______ water when we brush our teeth. A. waste B. wasting C. to waste ( )8. Water ______ into steam when it boils. A. turns B. will turn C. turn ( )9. Nobody ______ to pollute rivers or lakes. A. is allowed B. allows C. allow ( )10. It’s important for us ______ more about the water cycle. A. learn B. to learn C. learning 四、完成句子（每空2分，共20分） 1. 地球表面约71%被水覆盖。 About 71 percent of the Earth’s surface ____________ ____________ water. ​ 2. 洗手后请及时关掉水龙头。 Please ____________ ____________ the tap ____________ you wash hands. ​ 3. 雨水直到用完我们才会停止收集。 We won’t stop collecting rainwater ____________ it ____________ ____________. ​ 4. 我们应该传播节约用水的理念。 We should ____________ the ____________ of saving water. ​ 5. 淡水对所有生物生存必不可少。 Fresh water is ____________ ____________ all living things to ____________. 五、情景对话（每题3分，共15分） A. That’s really serious B. What’s the main problem now C. Let’s start to protect water from now on D. Don’t leave the tap running E. I feel very worried A: Hello, Linda! What are you reading? B: I’m reading a magazine about water protection. A: Sounds great! 1.________ B: Well, fresh water is becoming less and less now. A: 2.________ What causes this problem? B: Water pollution and people’s bad wasting habits. A: 3.________ What can we do? B: First, never waste water in daily life. A: For example? B: 4.________ A: Good idea! Anything else? B: We can also ask our friends to save water together. A: OK! 5.________ 1.________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________ 5.________ 六、书面表达（10分） 题目：How to Save Water in Our Daily Life 要求：80词左右，包含三点：①水的重要性；②生活中的浪费水现象；③至少三条节水措施；结尾呼吁节水。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________   参考答案 一、单词拼写 1. percent 2. amount 3. necessary 4. save 5. pollute 6. evaporate 7. awareness 8. waste 9. cycle 10. shortage 二、选词填空 1. survive（情态动词can后接动词原形） 2. flows（主语单数，一般现在时） 3. supplies（主语government单数，一般现在时） ​4. spread（should后接动词原形） 5. limited（形容词作表语，表“有限的”） 三、语法单选 1. A 主将从现 2. B this weekend表将来，用一般将来时 3. B 疑问句用anything 4. B 洗手之后关水龙头，逻辑合理 5. C not…until 直到……才 6. A a large amount of+不可数名词，谓语单数 7. B stop doing sth. 停止正在做的动作 ​ 8. A 客观真理，一般现在时 9. A 被动语态：be allowed to do 被允许做某事 10. B It’s + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 固定句型 四、完成句子 1. is covered with 2. turn off; after ​3. until; runs out（run out 物主动表被动，无被动语态） 4. spread; idea 5. necessary for; survive 五、情景对话 1.B 2.A 3.E 4.D 5.C 六、参考范文 How to Save Water in Our Daily Life Water is the source of life. All living things cannot survive without fresh water. However, many people still waste water in daily life. Some people leave taps running when washing, and some factories pollute clean water. It’s time for us to save water. First, we must turn off taps in time. Second, we can reuse water to water flowers. Third, we should tell others to protect water resources. Water is limited. Let’s save every drop of water together! 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $