Unit 3 Fit for life（知识清单）英语译林版选择性必修第二册

**基本信息** 聚焦健康主题，构建“词汇-语法-写作”三维训练体系，融合语言能力与思维品质培养，实现知识逻辑与应试方法的系统整合。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇|6类（阅读/写作词汇等）|词形转化规律、熟词生义辨析|从基础词汇到拓展应用，层层递进| |语法|1核心时态（现在完成进行时）|时态对比辨析（与现在完成时）|结构-用法-易混点，逻辑清晰| |写作|1篇说明文（近视问题）|“现状-原因-建议”框架|话题分析-素材积累-范文示范，完整链条| |知识点精讲|10个重点词/短语|词义辨析（如affect/effect）、搭配用法|从词义到语境应用，解决易错点|

Unit 3 Fit for life 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. genome editing 基因组编辑 2. genetic markers 基因标记 3. robotic limbs 机械假肢 4. acupuncture points 穴位 5. first-aid skills 急救技能 6. UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List 联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录 7. World Health Organization 世界卫生组织 8. gene research 基因研究 9. stone tools called bian 砭石 10. stainless steel needles 不锈钢针 11. energy channel 经络 12. genetic make-up 基因构成 13. short-sightedness 近视 14. artificial hand 假手 15. sensory information 感官信息 16. genetic material 遗传物质 17. general medicine 全科医学 18. minor burns 轻度烧伤 19. emergency department 急诊科 二、写作词汇： 1. date back to 追溯到 2. go to great lengths to do sth 竭尽全力做某事 3. relate to 与…… 相关 4. be equipped with 配备有 5. be capable of 能够；有能力做 6. give rise to 引起；导致 7. wrestle with 努力处理；全力解决 8. tackle...head-on 正面解决…… 9. play a critical role in 在…… 中起关键作用 10. be tied to 与…… 相关联 11. come into widespread use 得到广泛应用 12. be recognized as 被公认为 13. without doubt 毫无疑问 14. function as 起…… 作用 15. quicken the pace of 加快…… 的步伐 三、词汇变形： 1. gene n. 基因 → genetics n. 遗传学 → genetic adj. 基因的；遗传的 → geneticist n. 遗传学家 2. specialize vi. 专门研究 → special adj. 特别的 → specialist n. 专家 → specialization n. 专业化 3. identify vt. 确认；认出 → identification n. 识别；身份证明 → identifiable adj. 可识别的 4. affect vt. 影响；侵袭 → effect n. 影响；效果 → effective adj. 有效的 → effectively adv. 有效地 5. severe adj. 严重的；严厉的 → severely adv. 严重地 → severity n. 严重性 6. anxiety n. 焦虑 → anxious adj. 焦虑的 → anxiously adv. 焦虑地 7. abuse vt.&n. 滥用；虐待 → abusive adj. 滥用的；辱骂的 → abuser n. 滥用者 8. evidence n. 证据 → evident adj. 明显的 → evidently adv. 显然 9. adjust vt.&vi. 调整；适应 → adjustment n. 调整 → adjustable adj. 可调节的 10. infect vt. 感染 → infection n. 传染；感染 → infectious adj. 传染的 11. fundamental adj. 根本的 → fundamentally adv. 根本上 12. restore vt. 恢复；修复 → restoration n. 恢复；修复 13. widespread adj. 广泛的 → widely adv. 广泛地 14. phenomenon n. 现象 → phenomena pl. 现象（复数） 四、拓展词汇 1. medical science 医学科学 2. traditional Chinese medicine 中医 3. public health 公共卫生 4. eye protection 护眼 5. medical treatment 医疗 6. genetic disease 遗传病 7. immune system 免疫系统 8. health awareness 健康意识 9. artificial intelligence in medicine 医疗人工智能 10. intangible cultural heritage 非物质文化遗产 五、熟词生义 1. contract n. 合同 生义：vt. 感染（疾病）；订立契约 2. cell n. 电池；小房间 生义：n. 细胞 3. means n. 意思 生义：n. 方法；方式 4. fuel n. 燃料 生义：vt. 加剧；刺激 5. tackle n. 钓具；装备 生义：vt. 处理；应付；解决 6. solid n. 固体 生义：adj. 实心的；结实的；可靠的 7. switch n. 开关 生义：vi.&vt. 转变；交换 8. date n. 日期 生义：v. 追溯；始于 9. dress n. 连衣裙 生义：v. 穿衣服；给…… 穿衣 10. channel n. 频道；海峡 生义：n. 通道；经络 六、重点短语归纳 1. date back to 追溯到，始于 2. go to great lengths to do sth 竭尽全力做某事 3. wrestle with 努力处理，全力解决 4. relate to 涉及，与…… 相关 5. be equipped with 配备有；装有 6. be capable of 有能力做 7. give rise to 引起；导致 8. switch to 转向；切换到 9. tackle...head-on 正面处理…… 10. play a critical role in 在…… 中起关键作用 11. be tied to 与…… 紧密相关 12. come into widespread use 得到广泛应用 13. without doubt 毫无疑问 14. take out a patent 申请专利 15. function as 充当；起…… 作用 写作 句型 1. There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body. 有证据表明，针灸疗法可追溯到石器时代，当时人们使用名为 “砭石” 的石器按压身体部位。 2. Not only can acupuncture treat physical pains, but it also helps with mental problems like depression and anxiety. 针灸不仅能治疗身体疼痛，还能缓解抑郁、焦虑等心理问题。 3. As acupuncture developed, the simple bian stones were replaced by stone needles and eventually metal needles took their place. 随着针灸疗法的发展，简易的砭石逐渐被石针取代，最终金属针取而代之。 4. It is thought that genome editing will bring revolutionary changes to the prevention and treatment of genetic diseases. 人们认为基因组编辑将为遗传病的预防和治疗带来革命性变革。 5. Despite the uncertainty about its medical basis, acupuncture has come into widespread use around the world. 尽管医学原理尚不明确，针灸已在全球范围内得到广泛应用。 6. The World Health Organization recommends acupuncture as a good treatment for over 100 medical problems. 世界卫生组织推荐将针灸作为 100 多种疾病的有效治疗方法。 7. The past decades have witnessed rapid advances in medical science and technology. 过去几十年见证了医学科技的飞速进步。 语法 现在完成进行时（Present perfect continuous tense） 写作 写一篇关于学生近视问题的说明文（现状阐述 - 原因分析 - 建议措施） 一、知识点精讲 1. identify vt. 找到，发现；确认，认出 Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases. 遗传学家一直在努力确认哪些基因与哪些疾病相关。 【词汇拓展】 ① identify sth as sth 确认某物为…… ② identify with sb 与某人产生共鸣 ③ identification n. 识别；身份证明 ④ identifiable adj. 可辨认的 2. affect vt. 影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动 Our personal genome contains information that affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. 我们的个人基因组包含着影响我们罹患特定疾病概率的信息。 【易混辨析】 affect 动词，“影响”，侧重动作本身 effect 名词，“影响；效果”，常用搭配 have an effect on effective 形容词，“有效的” 3. contract vt. 感染（疾病）；订立合同 n. 合同，合约 Some people carry a gene that makes them more likely to contract a particular form of cancer. 有些人携带的基因会让他们更易患上某种癌症。 【词汇搭配】 ① contract a disease/virus 感染疾病 / 病毒 ② sign a contract 签订合同 ③ break a contract 违约 4. severe adj. 十分严重的；严厉的；艰难的 Acupuncture has been used to treat a wide variety of health problems, including severe pains. 针灸已被用于治疗多种健康问题，包括剧烈疼痛。 【词汇拓展】 ① severely adv. 严重地；严厉地 ② severity n. 严重性；严厉程度 ③ severe weather 恶劣天气 5. date back to 追溯到，始于 There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age. 有证据表明针灸疗法可追溯到石器时代。 【用法说明】 无被动语态，常用一般现在时；同义短语有 date from, go back to。 【易混辨析】 date back to 后接过去时间点，强调起源 date from 侧重起始时间，主语多为事物 go back to 通用，可指时间、地点、话题 6. go to great lengths to do sth 竭尽全力做某事 No. 9 High School has gone to great lengths to protect students' eyesight. 第九中学不遗余力地保护学生的视力。 【易混辨析】 go to great lengths 侧重想尽办法，可褒可贬 spare no effort 褒义，不遗余力 make every effort 中性，尽一切努力 7. tackle vt. 应付，处理，解决 The school authorities have decided to tackle the eyesight problem head-on. 校方决定正面解决视力问题。 【词汇搭配】 ① tackle a problem 处理问题 ② tackle sb about sth 就某事与某人交涉 【同义辨析】 tackle 侧重果断处理难题 deal with 通用，处理人或事 cope with 侧重成功应对困难 8. be equipped with 配备有；装有 The girl was equipped with a new robotic hand three months ago. 三个月前，这个女孩装上了一只新型机械手。 【易混辨析】 be equipped with 配备设备、工具等功能性装备 be furnished with 配备家具、陈设 be provided with 被供给某物 9. wrestle with 努力处理，全力解决；与…… 摔跤 Scientists have long been wrestling with the question about which genetic markers relate to lifespans. 长期以来，科学家们一直在苦苦思索哪些基因标记与寿命相关。 【易混辨析】 wrestle with 强调费力应对、苦苦思索 deal with 通用处理 cope with 强调妥善处理的能力 10. switch vi.&vt. 转变；交换 n. 开关；转变 Most acupuncturists have now switched to stainless steel needles. 如今大多数针灸师都改用不锈钢针了。 【词汇搭配】 ① switch to 转向；切换到 ② switch on/off 打开 / 关闭（电器） ③ switch between 在…… 之间切换 二、核心语法精讲 基本结构 现在完成进行时 肯定式：have/has + been + 现在分词 否定式：have/has + not + been + 现在分词 疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词？ 核心用法 ① 表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在且仍在进行，常与 since, for, all day, all morning 等时间状语连用。 I have been reflecting on the article about ancient medicine all day. 我一整天都在思考那篇关于古代医学的文章。 ② 表示动作刚刚结束，但结果仍对现在有影响，常带有感情色彩（疲惫、惊喜等）。 You look tired. Have you been waiting for a long time? 你看起来很累，是不是等了很久？ ③ 表示近期反复发生的动作，常与 recently, in recent years, over the past few years 等连用。 In recent years, scientists have been developing new kinds of robotic limbs. 近年来，科学家一直在研发新型机械假肢。 易混辨析：现在完成时 vs 现在完成进行时 时态 核心含义 侧重点 时间标志 现在完成时 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响 / 结果 强调结果、完成 already, yet, ever, never, since, for 现在完成进行时 过去开始的动作持续到现在，可能仍在进行 强调过程、持续性 all day, recently, in recent years 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作话题为 “学生近视问题”，属于健康类说明文，要求描述现状、分析成因、提出解决建议，考查因果逻辑与建议表达能力，是高考书面表达健康主题的高频考点。 2. 写作框架 开头段：点明现状，引出问题。用数据说明我国学生近视率居高不下的现状，点明其危害性。 主体段： ① 成因一：遗传因素，父母近视会增加子女近视概率； ② 成因二：用眼习惯不佳，长时间近距离用眼、缺乏户外活动； ③ 成因三：学习压力大，读写姿势不规范。 结尾段：提出建议，总结展望。从学校、个人、家庭三个层面给出护眼建议，呼吁重视视力健康。 3. 写作素材 开头表达 The past decades have witnessed a sharp rise in the rate of short-sightedness among Chinese students. Nowadays, short-sightedness has become a serious health problem affecting teenagers across the country. 原因表达 A key factor leading to short-sightedness is the lack of outdoor activities. Spending long hours reading and staring at screens puts great pressure on our eyes. Genetic influence also plays a role in the development of short-sightedness. 建议表达 An effective way to protect eyesight is to take regular breaks and look at distant objects. Students should be encouraged to spend more time outdoors in the sunlight. Schools need to improve classroom lighting and provide an eye-friendly environment. 结尾升华 It is our joint responsibility to protect our eyesight and form good eye habits. With proper measures, we believe the situation of teenage short-sightedness will be improved. 4. 范文背诵 Short-sightedness Among Chinese Students In recent years, short-sightedness has become a growing concern among Chinese students. According to surveys, a high percentage of senior high students are nearsighted, and the problem is affecting younger age groups increasingly. There are three main reasons for this trend. First of all, genetic factors contribute to the problem, as children with short-sighted parents are more likely to develop poor eyesight. Second, heavy study pressure means students spend long hours reading and doing close work, which strains their eyes. What's worse, many students spend too much time on electronic devices and lack outdoor activities, which is a key cause of poor eyesight. Bad reading habits, such as reading in bed, also make the problem worse. To solve this problem, joint efforts are needed. Schools should improve teaching facilities and encourage more outdoor activities. Students themselves should form good eye habits, take regular breaks and do eye exercises properly. It is believed that with proper measures, we can effectively protect our eyesight and enjoy better eye health. 易错点 01 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的误用 【一句话辨异】I have read the health article twice, and I have been thinking about its meaning all morning. 这篇健康文章我已经读了两遍，一早上都在思考它的含义。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心区别： 现在完成时强调动作已完成的结果；现在完成进行时强调动作持续的过程。 2. 判断方法： ① 看侧重：强调 “做完了、有结果” 用现在完成时；强调 “一直在做、还在进行” 用现在完成进行时。 ② 看标志：already, yet, ever 常搭配现在完成时；all day, recently 常搭配现在完成进行时。 【对点训练】 1. The scientist ______ the genetic research for five years and still continues his work. A. has done B. has been doing C. did 【答案】B 【解析】句意强调五年间一直在做且仍在继续，突出过程的持续性，用现在完成进行时。 2. So far, scientists ______ sixteen genetic markers related to human lifespans. A. have identified B. have been identifying C. identified 【答案】A 【解析】so far 强调到目前为止的结果，“已经识别出”，用现在完成时。 易错点02 affect 与 effect 词形与词性混淆 【助记口诀】 动词 affect 名词 effect，形容词 effective 表 “有效”。 【错因辨析】 affect 动词，“影响；感染” effect 名词，“影响；效果”，常用 have an effect on 易误写为 affect 作名词、effect 作动词。 【对点训练】 1. The new treatment has a positive ______ on patients with the disease. 【答案】effect 【解析】此处作宾语，用名词 effect，have a positive effect on 表示 “对…… 有积极影响”。 2. Lack of outdoor activities greatly ______ students' eyesight. 【答案】affects 【解析】此处作谓语动词，主语为不可数名词，用第三人称单数 affects。 易错点 03 contract多义与词性混淆 【一句话辨异】He signed a contract with the hospital and soon contracted a rare disease. 他和医院签了合同，不久就染上了一种罕见病。 【错因辨析】 contract 作名词时重音在前 /ˈkɒntrækt/，意为 “合同”； 作动词时重音在后 /kənˈtrækt/，意为 “感染；收缩；订约”。易混淆重音与不同词性的含义。 【对点训练】 1. People with weak immunity are more likely ______ (contract) viruses. 【答案】to contract 【解析】be likely to do sth 为固定搭配，此处 contract 作动词，意为 “感染”。 2. The two companies reached an agreement and signed a ______ (contract). 【答案】contract 【解析】此处作宾语，用名词 contract，意为 “合同”。 易错点 04 phenomenon 复数形式变化错误 【助记口诀】phenomenon 单数，phenomena 复数，类似还有 criterion-criteria。 【错因辨析】 phenomenon 为希腊语源的名词，复数形式为 phenomena，属于不规则变化，易误写为 phenomenons。 【对点训练】 There are many different ______ (phenomenon) in nature that science cannot fully explain. 【答案】phenomena 【解析】many 后接可数名词复数，phenomenon 的复数形式为 phenomena。 一、默写重点单词 1.___________ n. 基因 2. ___________ n. 基因组；染色体组 3. ___________ vt. 确认；认出；识别 4. ___________ vt. 影响；侵袭；使感染 5. ___________ vt. 感染（疾病）；订立合同 6. ___________ n. 针灸；针刺疗法 7. ___________ adj. 严重的；严厉的 8. ___________ n. 焦虑；担心 9. ___________ vt. 处理；应付；解决 10. __________ vi.&vt. 调整；适应 【答案】1. gene 2. genome 3. identify 4. affect 5. contract 6. acupuncture 7. severe 8. anxiety 9. tackle 10. adjust 二、词汇运用 1. The new medical technology brings ______ (fundament) changes to disease treatment. 2. The disease is ______ (infect) and can spread quickly among people. 3. Acupuncture is ______ (wide) used in many countries around the world. 4. Scientists have made great progress in ______ (gene) research. 5. The number of short-sighted students shows an ______ (increase) trend. 6. It is ______ (evidence) that outdoor activities are good for eye health. 【答案】1. fundamental 2. infectious 3. widely 4. genetic 5. increasing 6. evident 三、重点句型 1. ________________________ acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age. 有证据表明针灸疗法可追溯到石器时代。 2. ________________________ treat physical pains, but it also helps with mental problems. 针灸不仅能治疗身体疼痛，还能缓解心理问题。 3. The World Health Organization ________________________ a good treatment for many diseases. 世界卫生组织推荐针灸作为多种疾病的有效疗法。 【答案】1. There is evidence that 2. Not only can acupuncture 3. recommends acupuncture as 四、课文语法填空 Acupuncture is one of the most famous Chinese medical treatments. It 1.______ (date) back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian 2.______ (use) to press areas of the body. As time went by, stone needles replaced bian stones, and finally metal needles took 3.______ (they) place. Today, most acupuncturists use stainless steel needles instead of gold or silver ones. During an acupuncture treatment, the acupuncturist first examines the patient 4.______ (careful), checking the skin, tongue and pulse. Then needles 5.______ (insert) into certain points on the body. Up to now, over 360 acupuncture points 6.______ (identify), each linked to a different body part. Acupuncture can treat a wide range of health problems, 7.______ (include) severe pains, stomach discomfort and anxiety. How it works 8.______ (be) not fully understood yet, but there are different theories trying to explain the phenomenon. In 2010, acupuncture 9.______ (include) in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List. Today, it has come into widespread use worldwide and 10.______ (recognize) as a symbol of traditional Chinese culture. 【答案】1.dates 2. were used 3. their 4. carefully 5. are inserted 6. have been identified 7. including 8. is 9. was included 10. is recognized 五、阅读理解 A Short-sightedness, or myopia, has become a major health problem for Chinese teenagers. Studies show that nearly 80 percent of senior high school students in China are nearsighted, and the number is still rising. There are several causes of this problem. Genetic factors are one reason — if both parents are short-sighted, their children have a higher risk of poor eyesight. However, lifestyle plays a bigger role. Today's students spend most of their time studying indoors and looking at screens. They have less time for outdoor activities, which is proven to help protect eyesight. Bad reading habits, such as reading in bed or in poor light, also damage eyes. To solve this problem, schools and families should work together. Schools can arrange more outdoor classes and improve classroom lighting. Students should form good eye habits: take a break every 40 minutes, look at distant objects, and do eye exercises regularly. Most importantly, they should spend more time outdoors in natural light. Protecting eyesight is important for everyone's long-term health. 1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. Genetic factors cause short-sightedness. B. Bad habits are the main cause of poor eyesight. C. There are multiple causes of short-sightedness. D. Outdoor activities can protect eyesight. 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of short-sightedness? A. Genetic influence. B. Lack of outdoor activities. C. Poor eating habits. D. Bad reading habits. 3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Short-sightedness is only a problem for senior high students. B. Lifestyle has a greater influence on eyesight than genes. C. Doing eye exercises is the best way to improve eyesight. D. The number of nearsighted students is dropping in China. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. B 【解析】本文介绍了中国学生近视的现状、成因及解决办法。 1. 第二段从遗传、生活方式、用眼习惯三个方面分析近视成因，C 项最能概括主旨。 2. 文中提到遗传、缺乏户外活动、不良阅读习惯，未提及饮食习惯，故选 C。 3. 根据第二段 “lifestyle plays a bigger role” 可知生活方式比基因对视力影响更大，故选 B。 B Genome editing is a new technology that changes the DNA of living things. It allows scientists to correct, add or delete parts of the genetic material. Many people believe it will bring great advances in medicine. With genome editing, doctors could treat genetic diseases by changing the faulty genes. It could also help prevent diseases before they develop. For example, scientists could edit genes that make people more likely to get cancer. In the future, this technology might even help solve the problem of antibiotic resistance. However, genome editing also raises many questions. One big concern is "designer babies" — babies whose genes are edited to have certain advantages. This could lead to unfairness in society. There are also safety risks: wrong changes to genes might cause unexpected problems. Scientists say that proper controls are needed. Genome editing should be used for medical treatment, not for making "perfect" babies. With careful management, this technology can bring huge benefits to human health. 4. What is the main advantage of genome editing in medicine? A. It can create designer babies. B. It can treat and prevent genetic diseases. C. It can change all human genes. D. It can solve all health problems. 5. What is the problem with "designer babies"? A. They may have more diseases. B. They are not as smart as normal babies. C. It may cause social unfairness. D. It is against the law everywhere. 6. What is the author's attitude towards genome editing? A. It is completely safe and should be widely used. B. It is too dangerous and should be stopped. C. It has benefits but needs proper controls. D. It has more disadvantages than advantages. 7. What is the best title for the text? A. The History of Genetic Research B. Genome Editing: Possibilities and Concerns C. How to Prevent Genetic Diseases D. Designer Babies: Our Future? 【答案】4. B 5. C 6. C 7. B 【解析】本文介绍了基因组编辑技术的医疗价值、潜在风险及争议。 4. 根据第二段可知基因组编辑可治疗和预防遗传病，故选 B。 5. 根据第三段 “This could lead to unfairness in society” 可知设计婴儿可能引发社会不公，故选 C。 6. 文章既讲了技术的益处，也提到风险，最后提出需要合理管控，故选 C。 7. 文章围绕基因组编辑的应用前景与伦理担忧展开，B 项最全面。 六、七选五 Eye protection is very important for students, especially for those who spend long hours studying. 1.______ Here are some effective ways to protect your eyes. 2.______ When you study for 40 to 50 minutes, take a short break and look at objects far away. This helps relax the muscles in your eyes. Outdoor activities are also very helpful. 3.______ Natural sunlight is good for eye health and can reduce the risk of short-sightedness. Good reading habits matter too. 4.______ Do not read in bed or in poor light. Keep the book at a proper distance from your eyes. 5.______ If you often feel eye tiredness or headaches, go to the hospital and have your eyes checked regularly. Taking good care of your eyes will benefit you for a lifetime. A. Regular eye checks are necessary. B. Many students suffer from eye strain and poor eyesight. C. You should read in a well-lit environment. D. Taking regular breaks is the simplest way. E. Try to spend at least one hour outdoors every day. F. Eating more vegetables is good for your eyes. G. Eye exercises are useless for protecting eyesight. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. E 4. C 5. A 【解析】本文介绍了学生护眼的几种有效方法。 1. 前文点明护眼的重要性，后文给出具体方法。B 项承接背景，引出下文建议，符合语境。 2. 后文讲学习一段时间后要休息远眺。D 项总领本段，对应后文的休息建议，符合语境。 3. 前文说户外活动有益，后文讲自然光的好处。E 项承接主题，给出具体做法，符合语境。 4. 本段讲良好的阅读习惯，后文说不要在床上或昏暗处看书。C 项符合段落主题，衔接后文，符合语境。 5. 位于结尾，后文讲定期检查视力。A 项总结最后一点建议，符合语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Fit for life 词汇 一、阅读词汇： 1. 基因组编辑 2. 基因标记 3. 机械假肢 4. 穴位 5. 急救技能 6. 联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录 7. 世界卫生组织 8. 基因研究 9. 砭石 10. 不锈钢针 11. 经络 12. 基因构成 13. 近视 14. 假手 15. 感官信息 16. 遗传物质 17. 全科医学 18. 轻度烧伤 19. t 急诊科 二、写作词汇： 1. 追溯到 2. 竭尽全力做某事 3. 与…… 相关 4. 配备有 5. 能够；有能力做 6. 引起；导致 7. 努力处理；全力解决 8. 正面解决…… 9. 在…… 中起关键作用 10. 与…… 相关联 11. 得到广泛应用 12. 被公认为 13. 毫无疑问 14. 起…… 作用 15. 加快…… 的步伐 三、词汇变形： 1. n. 基因 → n. 遗传学 → adj. 基因的；遗传的 → n. 遗传学家 2. vi. 专门研究 → adj. 特别的 → n. 专家 → n. 专业化 3. vt. 确认；认出 → n. 识别；身份证明 → adj. 可识别的 4. vt. 影响；侵袭 → n. 影响；效果 → adj. 有效的 → adv. 有效地 5. adj. 严重的；严厉的 → adv. 严重地 → n. 严重性 6. n. 焦虑 → adj. 焦虑的 → adv. 焦虑地 7. vt.&n. 滥用；虐待 → adj. 滥用的；辱骂的 → n. 滥用者 8. n. 证据 → adj. 明显的 → adv. 显然 9. vt.&vi. 调整；适应 → n. 调整 → adj. 可调节的 10. vt. 感染 → n. 传染；感染 → adj. 传染的 11. adj. 根本的 → adv. 根本上 12. vt. 恢复；修复 → n. 恢复；修复 13. adj. 广泛的 → adv. 广泛地 14. n. 现象 → pl. 现象（复数） 四、拓展词汇 1. 医学科学 2. 中医 3. 公共卫生 4. 护眼 5. 医疗 6. 遗传病 7. 免疫系统 8. 健康意识 9. 医疗人工智能 10. 非物质文化遗产 五、熟词生义 1. contract n. 生义：vt. 2. cell n. 生义：n. 3. means n. 生义：n. 4. fuel n. 生义：vt. 5. tackle n. 生义：vt. 6. solid n. 生义：adj. 7. switch n. 生义：vi.&vt. 8. date n. 生义：v. 9. dress n. 生义：v. 10. channel n. 生义：n. 六、重点短语归纳 1. 追溯到，始于 2. 竭尽全力做某事 3. 努力处理，全力解决 4. 涉及，与…… 相关 5. 配备有；装有 6. 有能力做 7. 引起；导致 8. 转向；切换到 9. 正面处理…… 10. 在…… 中起关键作用 11. 与…… 紧密相关 12. 得到广泛应用 13. 毫无疑问 14. 申请专利 15. 充当；起…… 作用 写作 句型 1. There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian were used to press areas of the body. 有证据表明，针灸疗法可追溯到石器时代，当时人们使用名为 “砭石” 的石器按压身体部位。 2. Not only can acupuncture treat physical pains, but it also helps with mental problems like depression and anxiety. 针灸不仅能治疗身体疼痛，还能缓解抑郁、焦虑等心理问题。 3. As acupuncture developed, the simple bian stones were replaced by stone needles and eventually metal needles took their place. 随着针灸疗法的发展，简易的砭石逐渐被石针取代，最终金属针取而代之。 4. It is thought that genome editing will bring revolutionary changes to the prevention and treatment of genetic diseases. 人们认为基因组编辑将为遗传病的预防和治疗带来革命性变革。 5. Despite the uncertainty about its medical basis, acupuncture has come into widespread use around the world. 尽管医学原理尚不明确，针灸已在全球范围内得到广泛应用。 6. The World Health Organization recommends acupuncture as a good treatment for over 100 medical problems. 世界卫生组织推荐将针灸作为 100 多种疾病的有效治疗方法。 7. The past decades have witnessed rapid advances in medical science and technology. 过去几十年见证了医学科技的飞速进步。 语法 现在完成进行时（Present perfect continuous tense） 写作 写一篇关于学生近视问题的说明文（现状阐述 - 原因分析 - 建议措施） 一、知识点精讲 1. identify vt. 找到，发现；确认，认出 Geneticists have been trying to identify which genes relate to which diseases. 遗传学家一直在努力确认哪些基因与哪些疾病相关。 【词汇拓展】 ① identify sth as sth 确认某物为…… ② identify with sb 与某人产生共鸣 ③ identification n. 识别；身份证明 ④ identifiable adj. 可辨认的 2. affect vt. 影响；侵袭，使感染；深深打动 Our personal genome contains information that affects our chances of contracting certain diseases. 我们的个人基因组包含着影响我们罹患特定疾病概率的信息。 【易混辨析】 affect 动词，“影响”，侧重动作本身 effect 名词，“影响；效果”，常用搭配 have an effect on effective 形容词，“有效的” 3. contract vt. 感染（疾病）；订立合同 n. 合同，合约 Some people carry a gene that makes them more likely to contract a particular form of cancer. 有些人携带的基因会让他们更易患上某种癌症。 【词汇搭配】 ① contract a disease/virus 感染疾病 / 病毒 ② sign a contract 签订合同 ③ break a contract 违约 4. severe adj. 十分严重的；严厉的；艰难的 Acupuncture has been used to treat a wide variety of health problems, including severe pains. 针灸已被用于治疗多种健康问题，包括剧烈疼痛。 【词汇拓展】 ① severely adv. 严重地；严厉地 ② severity n. 严重性；严厉程度 ③ severe weather 恶劣天气 5. date back to 追溯到，始于 There is evidence that acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age. 有证据表明针灸疗法可追溯到石器时代。 【用法说明】 无被动语态，常用一般现在时；同义短语有 date from, go back to。 【易混辨析】 date back to 后接过去时间点，强调起源 date from 侧重起始时间，主语多为事物 go back to 通用，可指时间、地点、话题 6. go to great lengths to do sth 竭尽全力做某事 No. 9 High School has gone to great lengths to protect students' eyesight. 第九中学不遗余力地保护学生的视力。 【易混辨析】 go to great lengths 侧重想尽办法，可褒可贬 spare no effort 褒义，不遗余力 make every effort 中性，尽一切努力 7. tackle vt. 应付，处理，解决 The school authorities have decided to tackle the eyesight problem head-on. 校方决定正面解决视力问题。 【词汇搭配】 ① tackle a problem 处理问题 ② tackle sb about sth 就某事与某人交涉 【同义辨析】 tackle 侧重果断处理难题 deal with 通用，处理人或事 cope with 侧重成功应对困难 8. be equipped with 配备有；装有 The girl was equipped with a new robotic hand three months ago. 三个月前，这个女孩装上了一只新型机械手。 【易混辨析】 be equipped with 配备设备、工具等功能性装备 be furnished with 配备家具、陈设 be provided with 被供给某物 9. wrestle with 努力处理，全力解决；与…… 摔跤 Scientists have long been wrestling with the question about which genetic markers relate to lifespans. 长期以来，科学家们一直在苦苦思索哪些基因标记与寿命相关。 【易混辨析】 wrestle with 强调费力应对、苦苦思索 deal with 通用处理 cope with 强调妥善处理的能力 10. switch vi.&vt. 转变；交换 n. 开关；转变 Most acupuncturists have now switched to stainless steel needles. 如今大多数针灸师都改用不锈钢针了。 【词汇搭配】 ① switch to 转向；切换到 ② switch on/off 打开 / 关闭（电器） ③ switch between 在…… 之间切换 二、核心语法精讲 基本结构 现在完成进行时 肯定式：have/has + been + 现在分词 否定式：have/has + not + been + 现在分词 疑问式：Have/Has + 主语 + been + 现在分词？ 核心用法 ① 表示动作从过去开始，持续到现在且仍在进行，常与 since, for, all day, all morning 等时间状语连用。 I have been reflecting on the article about ancient medicine all day. 我一整天都在思考那篇关于古代医学的文章。 ② 表示动作刚刚结束，但结果仍对现在有影响，常带有感情色彩（疲惫、惊喜等）。 You look tired. Have you been waiting for a long time? 你看起来很累，是不是等了很久？ ③ 表示近期反复发生的动作，常与 recently, in recent years, over the past few years 等连用。 In recent years, scientists have been developing new kinds of robotic limbs. 近年来，科学家一直在研发新型机械假肢。 易混辨析：现在完成时 vs 现在完成进行时 时态 核心含义 侧重点 时间标志 现在完成时 过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响 / 结果 强调结果、完成 already, yet, ever, never, since, for 现在完成进行时 过去开始的动作持续到现在，可能仍在进行 强调过程、持续性 all day, recently, in recent years 三、单元写作清单 1. 话题分析 本单元写作话题为 “学生近视问题”，属于健康类说明文，要求描述现状、分析成因、提出解决建议，考查因果逻辑与建议表达能力，是高考书面表达健康主题的高频考点。 2. 写作框架 开头段：点明现状，引出问题。用数据说明我国学生近视率居高不下的现状，点明其危害性。 主体段： ① 成因一：遗传因素，父母近视会增加子女近视概率； ② 成因二：用眼习惯不佳，长时间近距离用眼、缺乏户外活动； ③ 成因三：学习压力大，读写姿势不规范。 结尾段：提出建议，总结展望。从学校、个人、家庭三个层面给出护眼建议，呼吁重视视力健康。 3. 写作素材 开头表达 The past decades have witnessed a sharp rise in the rate of short-sightedness among Chinese students. Nowadays, short-sightedness has become a serious health problem affecting teenagers across the country. 原因表达 A key factor leading to short-sightedness is the lack of outdoor activities. Spending long hours reading and staring at screens puts great pressure on our eyes. Genetic influence also plays a role in the development of short-sightedness. 建议表达 An effective way to protect eyesight is to take regular breaks and look at distant objects. Students should be encouraged to spend more time outdoors in the sunlight. Schools need to improve classroom lighting and provide an eye-friendly environment. 结尾升华 It is our joint responsibility to protect our eyesight and form good eye habits. With proper measures, we believe the situation of teenage short-sightedness will be improved. 4. 范文背诵 Short-sightedness Among Chinese Students In recent years, short-sightedness has become a growing concern among Chinese students. According to surveys, a high percentage of senior high students are nearsighted, and the problem is affecting younger age groups increasingly. There are three main reasons for this trend. First of all, genetic factors contribute to the problem, as children with short-sighted parents are more likely to develop poor eyesight. Second, heavy study pressure means students spend long hours reading and doing close work, which strains their eyes. What's worse, many students spend too much time on electronic devices and lack outdoor activities, which is a key cause of poor eyesight. Bad reading habits, such as reading in bed, also make the problem worse. To solve this problem, joint efforts are needed. Schools should improve teaching facilities and encourage more outdoor activities. Students themselves should form good eye habits, take regular breaks and do eye exercises properly. It is believed that with proper measures, we can effectively protect our eyesight and enjoy better eye health. 易错点 01 现在完成时与现在完成进行时的误用 【一句话辨异】I have read the health article twice, and I have been thinking about its meaning all morning. 这篇健康文章我已经读了两遍，一早上都在思考它的含义。 【错因辨析】 1. 核心区别： 现在完成时强调动作已完成的结果；现在完成进行时强调动作持续的过程。 2. 判断方法： ① 看侧重：强调 “做完了、有结果” 用现在完成时；强调 “一直在做、还在进行” 用现在完成进行时。 ② 看标志：already, yet, ever 常搭配现在完成时；all day, recently 常搭配现在完成进行时。 【对点训练】 1. The scientist ______ the genetic research for five years and still continues his work. A. has done B. has been doing C. did 2. So far, scientists ______ sixteen genetic markers related to human lifespans. A. have identified B. have been identifying C. identified 易错点02 affect 与 effect 词形与词性混淆 【助记口诀】 动词 affect 名词 effect，形容词 effective 表 “有效”。 【错因辨析】 affect 动词，“影响；感染” effect 名词，“影响；效果”，常用 have an effect on 易误写为 affect 作名词、effect 作动词。 【对点训练】 1. The new treatment has a positive ______ on patients with the disease. 2. Lack of outdoor activities greatly ______ students' eyesight. 易错点 03 contract多义与词性混淆 【一句话辨异】He signed a contract with the hospital and soon contracted a rare disease. 他和医院签了合同，不久就染上了一种罕见病。 【错因辨析】 contract 作名词时重音在前 /ˈkɒntrækt/，意为 “合同”； 作动词时重音在后 /kənˈtrækt/，意为 “感染；收缩；订约”。易混淆重音与不同词性的含义。 【对点训练】 1. People with weak immunity are more likely ______ (contract) viruses. 2. The two companies reached an agreement and signed a ______ (contract). 易错点 04 phenomenon 复数形式变化错误 【助记口诀】phenomenon 单数，phenomena 复数，类似还有 criterion-criteria。 【错因辨析】 phenomenon 为希腊语源的名词，复数形式为 phenomena，属于不规则变化，易误写为 phenomenons。 【对点训练】 There are many different ______ (phenomenon) in nature that science cannot fully explain. 一、默写重点单词 1.___________ n. 基因 2. ___________ n. 基因组；染色体组 3. ___________ vt. 确认；认出；识别 4. ___________ vt. 影响；侵袭；使感染 5. ___________ vt. 感染（疾病）；订立合同 6. ___________ n. 针灸；针刺疗法 7. ___________ adj. 严重的；严厉的 8. ___________ n. 焦虑；担心 9. ___________ vt. 处理；应付；解决 10. __________ vi.&vt. 调整；适应 二、词汇运用 1. The new medical technology brings ______ (fundament) changes to disease treatment. 2. The disease is ______ (infect) and can spread quickly among people. 3. Acupuncture is ______ (wide) used in many countries around the world. 4. Scientists have made great progress in ______ (gene) research. 5. The number of short-sighted students shows an ______ (increase) trend. 6. It is ______ (evidence) that outdoor activities are good for eye health. 三、重点句型 1. ________________________ acupuncture dates back to the Stone Age. 有证据表明针灸疗法可追溯到石器时代。 2. ________________________ treat physical pains, but it also helps with mental problems. 针灸不仅能治疗身体疼痛，还能缓解心理问题。 3. The World Health Organization ________________________ a good treatment for many diseases. 世界卫生组织推荐针灸作为多种疾病的有效疗法。 四、课文语法填空 Acupuncture is one of the most famous Chinese medical treatments. It 1.______ (date) back to the Stone Age, when stone tools called bian 2.______ (use) to press areas of the body. As time went by, stone needles replaced bian stones, and finally metal needles took 3.______ (they) place. Today, most acupuncturists use stainless steel needles instead of gold or silver ones. During an acupuncture treatment, the acupuncturist first examines the patient 4.______ (careful), checking the skin, tongue and pulse. Then needles 5.______ (insert) into certain points on the body. Up to now, over 360 acupuncture points 6.______ (identify), each linked to a different body part. Acupuncture can treat a wide range of health problems, 7.______ (include) severe pains, stomach discomfort and anxiety. How it works 8.______ (be) not fully understood yet, but there are different theories trying to explain the phenomenon. In 2010, acupuncture 9.______ (include) in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List. Today, it has come into widespread use worldwide and 10.______ (recognize) as a symbol of traditional Chinese culture. 五、阅读理解 A Short-sightedness, or myopia, has become a major health problem for Chinese teenagers. Studies show that nearly 80 percent of senior high school students in China are nearsighted, and the number is still rising. There are several causes of this problem. Genetic factors are one reason — if both parents are short-sighted, their children have a higher risk of poor eyesight. However, lifestyle plays a bigger role. Today's students spend most of their time studying indoors and looking at screens. They have less time for outdoor activities, which is proven to help protect eyesight. Bad reading habits, such as reading in bed or in poor light, also damage eyes. To solve this problem, schools and families should work together. Schools can arrange more outdoor classes and improve classroom lighting. Students should form good eye habits: take a break every 40 minutes, look at distant objects, and do eye exercises regularly. Most importantly, they should spend more time outdoors in natural light. Protecting eyesight is important for everyone's long-term health. 1. What is the main idea of the second paragraph? A. Genetic factors cause short-sightedness. B. Bad habits are the main cause of poor eyesight. C. There are multiple causes of short-sightedness. D. Outdoor activities can protect eyesight. 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of short-sightedness? A. Genetic influence. B. Lack of outdoor activities. C. Poor eating habits. D. Bad reading habits. 3. What can we learn from the passage? A. Short-sightedness is only a problem for senior high students. B. Lifestyle has a greater influence on eyesight than genes. C. Doing eye exercises is the best way to improve eyesight. D. The number of nearsighted students is dropping in China. B Genome editing is a new technology that changes the DNA of living things. It allows scientists to correct, add or delete parts of the genetic material. Many people believe it will bring great advances in medicine. With genome editing, doctors could treat genetic diseases by changing the faulty genes. It could also help prevent diseases before they develop. For example, scientists could edit genes that make people more likely to get cancer. In the future, this technology might even help solve the problem of antibiotic resistance. However, genome editing also raises many questions. One big concern is "designer babies" — babies whose genes are edited to have certain advantages. This could lead to unfairness in society. There are also safety risks: wrong changes to genes might cause unexpected problems. Scientists say that proper controls are needed. Genome editing should be used for medical treatment, not for making "perfect" babies. With careful management, this technology can bring huge benefits to human health. 4. What is the main advantage of genome editing in medicine? A. It can create designer babies. B. It can treat and prevent genetic diseases. C. It can change all human genes. D. It can solve all health problems. 5. What is the problem with "designer babies"? A. They may have more diseases. B. They are not as smart as normal babies. C. It may cause social unfairness. D. It is against the law everywhere. 6. What is the author's attitude towards genome editing? A. It is completely safe and should be widely used. B. It is too dangerous and should be stopped. C. It has benefits but needs proper controls. D. It has more disadvantages than advantages. 7. What is the best title for the text? A. The History of Genetic Research B. Genome Editing: Possibilities and Concerns C. How to Prevent Genetic Diseases D. Designer Babies: Our Future? 六、七选五 Eye protection is very important for students, especially for those who spend long hours studying. 1.______ Here are some effective ways to protect your eyes. 2.______ When you study for 40 to 50 minutes, take a short break and look at objects far away. This helps relax the muscles in your eyes. Outdoor activities are also very helpful. 3.______ Natural sunlight is good for eye health and can reduce the risk of short-sightedness. Good reading habits matter too. 4.______ Do not read in bed or in poor light. Keep the book at a proper distance from your eyes. 5.______ If you often feel eye tiredness or headaches, go to the hospital and have your eyes checked regularly. Taking good care of your eyes will benefit you for a lifetime. A. Regular eye checks are necessary. B. Many students suffer from eye strain and poor eyesight. C. You should read in a well-lit environment. D. Taking regular breaks is the simplest way. E. Try to spend at least one hour outdoors every day. F. Eating more vegetables is good for your eyes. G. Eye exercises are useless for protecting eyesight. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. E 4. C 5. A 【解析】本文介绍了学生护眼的几种有效方法。 1. 前文点明护眼的重要性，后文给出具体方法。B 项承接背景，引出下文建议，符合语境。 2. 后文讲学习一段时间后要休息远眺。D 项总领本段，对应后文的休息建议，符合语境。 3. 前文说户外活动有益，后文讲自然光的好处。E 项承接主题，给出具体做法，符合语境。 4. 本段讲良好的阅读习惯，后文说不要在床上或昏暗处看书。C 项符合段落主题，衔接后文，符合语境。 5. 位于结尾，后文讲定期检查视力。A 项总结最后一点建议，符合语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $