内容正文:
Unit 8 Let's celebrate! --- 暑假预习讲义
01 课前导学
关键词
内容
学习目标
1. 能够正确使用现在进行时描述正在发生的动作。
2. 能够掌握现在进行时的构成(be + doing)及其否定和疑问形式。
3. 能够掌握本单元核心词汇(celebrate, tradition, midnight, strike, block, spread, hang, festival等)。
4. 能够用英语描述不同国家和地区的节日庆祝方式。
学习重点
1. 现在进行时的结构和用法(happening now)。
2. 动词-ing形式的变化规则。
3. 现在进行时与一般现在时的区别。
4. 描述节日庆祝活动的表达。
学习难点
1. 现在进行时中be动词与主语的搭配(I-am, he/she/it-is, you/we/they-are)。
2. 动词-ing形式的变化规则(去e加ing、双写末尾字母加ing等)。
3. 现在进行时与一般现在时的区分使用。
4. 中外节日文化的理解和表达。
02 核心词汇预览
1. celebrate v. 庆祝
2. celebration n. 庆祝活动
3. tradition n. 传统
4. midnight n. 午夜
5. strike v. (钟)敲响
6. spread v. 撒,铺开
7. hang v. 悬挂
8. block n. 街区
9. doorstep n. 门阶
10. onion n. 洋葱
11. salt n. 盐
12. suitcase n. 手提箱
13. festival n. 节日
14. luck n. 运气
15. peace n. 和平
16. health n. 健康
17. traveller n. 旅行者
18. poet n. 诗人
19. dish n. 菜肴
20. dumpling n. 饺子
21. spring roll n. 春卷
22. firework n. 烟花
23. lantern n. 灯笼
24. temple n. 寺庙
25. relative n. 亲戚
26. elder n. 长辈
27. respect n. 尊敬
28. couplet n. 对联
29. gala n. 晚会
30. eve n. 前夕
31. decorate v. 装饰
32. traditional adj. 传统的
33. lively adj. 活泼的,生动的
03 核心短语预览
1. keep...from... 使……免受……
2. in the hope of 怀着……的希望
3. all over the world 全世界
4. for good luck 为了好运
5. get together 聚在一起
6. each other 互相
7. sit on chairs 坐在椅子上
8. jump off 从……跳下
9. carry suitcases 提着手提箱
10. walk around the block 绕着街区走
11. in the coming year 在即将到来的一年
12. the year ahead 未来的一年
13. hang on the door 挂在门上
14. a symbol of ……的象征
15. watch a show 观看演出
16. play the violin/piano 拉小提琴/弹钢琴
17. get ready for 为……做准备
18. have a big dinner 吃大餐
19. put up 张贴
20. send wishes 送上祝福
21. last until 持续到……为止
22. Chinese New Year's Eve 除夕
23. Spring Festival Gala 春节联欢晚会
24. dragon boat races 龙舟赛
25. rice dumplings 粽子
04 重点句型预览
1. Festivals are a window into different cultures. 节日是了解不同文化的窗口。
2. I love the Dragon Boat Festival. Many people think it's a festival to remember the great poet, Qu Yuan. 我喜欢端午节。许多人认为它是纪念伟大诗人屈原的节日。
3. We have dragon boat races. They're exciting. We also eat delicious rice dumplings. 我们有龙舟赛。它们很令人兴奋。我们也吃美味的粽子。
4. We get together with friends and eat haggis, a special dish. 我们和朋友聚在一起,吃哈吉斯,一道特别的菜。
5. This is for good luck and peace. 这是为了好运和平安。
6. People in Turkiye think salt will keep them from bad things in the coming year. 土耳其人认为盐会使他们在新的一年里免受厄运。
7. Onions are a symbol of good luck and health. 洋葱是好运和健康的象征。
8. When the clock strikes 12, they jump off their chairs into the new year. 当钟敲响12点时,他们从椅子上跳进新的一年。
9. They're hoping for a new year with lots of travel. 他们希望新的一年有很多旅行。
10. The world is full of wonderful and interesting New Year traditions. 世界上充满了精彩有趣的迎新传统。
11. Wherever you are, Happy New Year! 无论你在哪里,新年快乐!
12. New Year's Day is coming. Our school is having a show to celebrate the festival. 新年就要到了。我们学校正在举行一场演出庆祝这个节日。
13. Look at me, the girl in the middle! We are dancing. 看我,中间的女孩!我们正在跳舞。
14. The boy behind us is Daniel. He is playing the violin. 我们身后的男孩是丹尼尔。他正在拉小提琴。
15. The girl over there is Sandy. She is playing the piano with another girl. 那边的女孩是桑迪。她正在和另一个女孩弹钢琴。
16. They are playing lively music for the dance. 他们正在为舞蹈演奏活泼的音乐。
17. My mum is making spring rolls. 我妈妈正在做春卷。
18. My grandpa is watering the flowers at the moment. 我爷爷此刻正在浇花。
19. They are cooking dinner. 他们正在做晚饭。
20. We are eating dinner together at the table. 我们正围坐在桌旁吃晚饭。
21. I am watching a TV show about New Year with my family now. 我现在正和家人一起看关于新年的电视节目。
22. We are getting ready for a big family dinner tonight. 我们正在为今晚的家庭大餐做准备。
23. Usually, people clean their homes and put up the Spring Festival couplets beforehand. 通常,人们提前打扫房屋、张贴春联。
24. On the Chinese New Year's Eve, families get together and enjoy a big dinner. 在除夕,家人聚在一起,享用大餐。
25. The Spring Festival lasts till the Lantern Festival. 春节持续到元宵节。
05 语法精讲与考点梳理
考点1:现在进行时的定义和用法
【定义】现在进行时表示说话时正在发生或进行的动作,也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作。
【用法分类】
用法一:表示此时此刻正在进行的动作
(1)常与now, at the moment, look, listen等连用。
(2)强调动作正在发生。
例句:Look! We are dancing.
例句:I am watching a TV show with my family now.
例句:My grandpa is watering the flowers at the moment.
用法二:表示现阶段正在进行的动作
(1)不一定是说话这一刻正在发生。
(2)强调一段时期内的持续活动。
例句:Our school is having a show to celebrate the festival.
【要点详解】
现在进行时强调"正在进行"。
现在进行时的时间状语通常有:now, at the moment, look, listen等。
【练习1】Look! The children ______ (dance) in the hall.
【答案】are dancing
【详解】句意:看!孩子们正在大厅里跳舞。Look提示用现在进行时,主语The children是复数,用are dancing。故填are dancing。
考点2:现在进行时的结构
【定义】现在进行时的基本结构为"be动词 + 动词-ing形式"。
【结构公式】
肯定句:主语 + be动词(am/is/are)+ 动词-ing + 其他.
I am dancing. / You are dancing. / She is dancing.
否定句:主语 + be动词(am/is/are)+ not + 动词-ing + 其他.
I am not dancing. / They are not dancing.
一般疑问句:Be动词 + 主语 + 动词-ing + 其他?
Are you dancing? / Is she dancing?
肯定回答:Yes,主语 + be.
Yes, I am. / Yes, she is.
否定回答:No,主语 + be + not.
No, I am not. / No, she isn't.
【要点详解】
be动词与主语保持一致:I用am,he/she/it用is,you/we/they用are。
现在进行时的否定形式在be动词后加not。
现在进行时的疑问句将be动词提到句首。
【练习1】The girl over there ______ (play) the piano now.
A. is playing B. are playing C. am playing D. play
【答案】A
【详解】句意:那边的女孩正在弹钢琴。now提示现在进行时,主语The girl是单数,用is playing。故选A。
考点3:动词-ing形式的变化规则
【定义】动词变为-ing形式时,需要根据动词结尾的不同采取不同变化规则。
【变化规则】
规则一:大多数动词直接在词尾加-ing
walk → walking read → reading
play → playing watch → watching
规则二:以不发音的字母-e结尾的动词,去-e再加-ing
make → making write → writing
dance → dancing have → having
take → taking leave → leaving
规则三:以-ie结尾的动词,变-ie为-y再加-ing
lie → lying die → dying
规则四:以"辅音字母 + 元音字母 + 辅音字母"结尾的重读闭音节单词,双写末尾辅音字母再加-ing
put → putting sit → sitting
get → getting run → running
swim → swimming stop → stopping
【练习1】用所给词的适当形式填空。
(1)My mum is ______ (make) spring rolls.
(2)Look! The children are ______ (swim) in the pool.
(3)She is ______ (write) a letter to her friend.
【答案】(1)making (2)swimming (3)writing
考点4:现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
【定义】现在进行时和一般现在时都可以描述动作,但侧重点不同。
【用法对比】
现在进行时:强调动作正在发生(此时/现阶段)
例句:Look! They are dancing.(正在发生)
例句:She is playing the piano now.(此刻正在弹)
一般现在时:强调经常性、习惯性的动作或客观事实
例句:She often plays the piano.(习惯性动作)
例句:We always get together for a big dinner.(经常性动作)
【要点详解】
现在进行时的时间状语:now, at the moment, look, listen等。
一般现在时的时间状语:often, usually, always, sometimes, every day等。
【练习1】She ______ (watch) TV every evening.
A. watch B. watches C. is watching D. are watching
【答案】B
【详解】句意:她每天晚上看电视。every evening表示习惯性动作,用一般现在时,主语She用watches。故选B。
【练习2】Look! She ______ (watch) TV now.
A. watch B. watches C. is watching D. are watching
【答案】C
【详解】句意:看!她现在正在看电视。Look和now提示现在进行时,主语She用is watching。故选C。
考点5:现在进行时的标志词
【定义】一些时间状语常用于现在进行时,帮助判断时态。
【常见标志词】
now(现在)
例句:We are dancing now.
at the moment(此时此刻)
例句:My grandpa is watering the flowers at the moment.
Look! / Listen! (看!/听!)
例句:Look! The children are playing football.
例句:Listen! Someone is singing.
【要点详解】
这些标志词帮助判断用现在进行时。
在对话中,如果问"What are you doing?",回答需要用现在进行时。
【练习1】______! The girls are dancing in the hall.
A. Look B. Listen C. See D. Watch
【答案】A
【详解】句意:看!女孩们正在大厅里跳舞。后面描述的是看到的内容,用Look。故选A。
考点6:现在进行时与一般现在时在now意义下的区别
【定义】now既可以用于现在进行时,也可用于一般现在时,但含义不同。
【用法对比】
now用于现在进行时:表示"此刻正在"
例句:I am reading a book now.(此刻我正在看书。)
now用于一般现在时:表示"现在(状态)"
例句:I am a student now.(我现在是学生了。——表示现在的身份状态)
【要点详解】
now用于现在进行时强调动作正在发生。
now用于一般现在时强调当前的身份或状态。
【练习1】I ______ (read) a book now.
A. read B. reads C. am reading D. are reading
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我现在正在看书。now表示此刻正在发生的动作,用现在进行时,主语I用am reading。故选C。
考点7:/w/和/v/的发音区别
【定义】/w/和/v/是两个容易混淆的辅音音素,需要准确掌握发音位置。
【发音规则】
/w/ —— 双唇音
(1)发音时双唇收圆并向前突出。
(2)气流通过嘴唇之间。
(3)声带振动。
例词:wait, wet, warm, worry, walk, went, what, water
/v/ —— 唇齿音
(1)发音时上齿轻触下唇。
(2)气流从上齿和下唇之间挤出。
(3)声带振动。
例词:van, voice, volleyball, very, video, visit, violin, view
【要点详解】
/w/和/v/在中文里没有直接对应,需要多练习。
/w/的双唇要圆,/v/的下唇要轻触上齿。
【练习1】判断下列每组单词划线部分发音是否相同。
(1)wait / very(相同/不同)
(2)worry / voice(相同/不同)
(3)water / watch(相同/不同)
(4)visit / violin(相同/不同)
【答案】(1)不同(wait/w/,very/v/) (2)不同(worry/w/,voice/v/) (3)相同(/w/) (4)相同(/v/)
06 重点归纳
一、现在进行时的结构
(1)肯定句:主语 + am/is/are + doing + 其他.
(2)否定句:主语 + am/is/are + not + doing + 其他.
(3)一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are + 主语 + doing + 其他?
二、动词-ing形式的变化规则
(1)直接加-ing(walk → walking)。
(2)去-e加-ing(make → making)。
(3)-ie变-y加-ing(lie → lying)。
(4)双写末尾字母加-ing(put → putting)。
三、现在进行时与一般现在时的区别
(1)现在进行时:强调正在发生,标志词:now, at the moment, look, listen。
(2)一般现在时:强调经常性/习惯性动作,标志词:often, usually, every day。
07 过关检测
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空(现在进行时)(共8题)
1. Look! The children ______ (dance) in the hall.
2. My mum ______ (make) spring rolls now.
3. My grandpa ______ (water) the flowers at the moment.
4. They ______ (cook) dinner in the kitchen.
5. Listen! Someone ______ (sing) in the next room.
6. We ______ (eat) dinner together at the table now.
7. I ______ (watch) a TV show about New Year now.
8. She ______ (play) the piano with another girl.
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空(现在进行时或一般现在时)(共6题)
1. She ______ (watch) TV every evening.
2. Look! She ______ (watch) TV now.
3. I usually ______ (get up) at 7 a.m.
4. I ______ (get up) now. Please wait.
5. They ______ (play) football every Sunday.
6. Look! They ______ (play) football on the playground.
三、单项选择(共8题)
1. Look! The children ______ in the hall.
A. dance B. dances C. are dancing D. is dancing
2. My mum ______ spring rolls now.
A. make B. makes C. is making D. are making
3. She ______ TV every evening.
A. watch B. watches C. is watching D. are watching
4. Look! She ______ TV now.
A. watch B. watches C. is watching D. are watching
5. The girl over there ______ the piano now.
A. play B. plays C. is playing D. are playing
6. I ______ a book now.
A. read B. reads C. am reading D. are reading
7. My grandpa ______ the flowers at the moment.
A. water B. waters C. is watering D. are watering
8. They ______ dinner now.
A. cook B. cooks C. is cooking D. are cooking
四、完成句子(共6题)
1. 看!孩子们正在大厅里跳舞。
Look! The children ______ ______ in the hall.
2. 我妈妈正在做春卷。
My mum ______ ______ spring rolls.
3. 他们现在正在厨房做晚饭。
They ______ ______ dinner in the kitchen now.
4. 听!有人在隔壁房间唱歌。
Listen! Someone ______ ______ in the next room.
5. 我们现在正围坐在桌旁吃晚饭。
We ______ ______ dinner together at the table now.
6. 我现在正和家人一起看一个关于新年的电视节目。
I ______ ______ a TV show about New Year with my family now.
五、将下列句子翻译成英文(共4题)
1. 我们学校正在举行一场演出庆祝这个节日。
2. 他正在和另一个女孩弹钢琴。
3. 我们正在为今晚的家庭大餐做准备。
4. 除夕夜,家人聚在一起享用大餐。
参考答案
一、用所给动词的适当形式填空(现在进行时)
1. are dancing(Look提示,children复数)
2. is making(now提示,单数)
3. is watering(at the moment提示)
4. are cooking(they复数)
5. is singing(Listen提示,someone单数)
6. are eating(now提示,we复数)
7. am watching(now提示,I用am)
8. is playing(单数主语)
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空
1. watches(every evening,一般现在时,三单)
2. is watching(Look+now,现在进行时)
3. get up(usually,一般现在时,I用原形)
4. am getting up(now,现在进行时,I用am)
5. play(every Sunday,一般现在时,they用原形)
6. are playing(Look,现在进行时)
三、单项选择
1. C(Look提示现在进行时,children复数用are dancing)
2. C(now提示,mum单数用is making)
3. B(every evening提示一般现在时,三单用watches)
4. C(Look+now提示现在进行时,三单用is watching)
5. C(now提示现在进行时,单数主语用is playing)
6. C(now提示现在进行时,I用am reading)
7. C(at the moment提示,三单用is watering)
8. D(now提示,they复数用are cooking)
四、完成句子
1. are dancing
2. is making
3. are cooking
4. is singing
5. are eating
6. am watching
五、将下列句子翻译成英文
1. Our school is having a show to celebrate the festival.
2. She is playing the piano with another girl.
3. We are getting ready for a big family dinner tonight.
4. On the Chinese New Year's Eve, families get together and enjoy a big dinner.
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