精品解析：广东中山市第一中学2025-2026学年高二第二学期第二次段考英语试题

中山市第一中学2027届高二第二学期第一次段考 英语 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A When daily chores and stress make life dull, there are always beautiful little joys and unique experiences to discover around us. Here, we’ve gathered some lovely finds for you, hoping you’ll pause from the hustle and enjoy these wonderful moments that brighten life. Copperwood Trail Connecting humans and horses, Copperwood Trail offers a diverse range of experiences in Whitchurch-Stouffville. From country coffee in the company of horses and Equine Assisted Learning sessions, to introductory courses on horse behaviour and body language, it has something for everyone. This peaceful family farm is committed to providing a safe, quiet rural escape for all visitors eager for close contact with animals and nature. Four Seasons Hotel To mark the arrival of summer, Four Seasons Hotel has opened its seasonal patio. With a new menu and annual mural installation, it shows respect for the French Riviera and Mediterranean coastline. The mural is created by Victoria Sequeira, who says, “I want to spark a visual journey for guests — one full of warmth, peace and a touch of Mediterranean magic.” River Cottage Since its debut (首次亮相) on British television’s Channel 4 in 1999, River Cottage has had a positive influence on the country’s eating habits and the welfare of its animals and fish. It’s currently home to a cookery school, dining experiences and a calendar of events. The attractive property also offers accommodation in its farmhouse as well as fantastic views of the surrounding Axe Valley. Green Hill Gardens Tucked away in the quiet countryside, the family-run Green Hill Gardens has a decades-long history. It offers gentle nature experiences like guided walks, flower tours, herb craft workshops and glasshouse afternoon tea. As a calm natural retreat, the garden follows eco-friendly practices to protect local wildlife, inviting visitors to slow down and enjoy nature’s simple beauty. 1. What is the purpose of this text? A. To introduce stress-relieving tips. B. To advertise popular attractions. C. To recommend pleasant getaways. D. To explore nature-friendly ways. 2. If you’re a mural lover, which will you choose? A. Copperwood Trail. B. Four Seasons Hotel. C. River Cottage. D. Green Hill Gardens. 3. What do Copperwood Trail and Green Hill Gardens have in common? A. They are managed by a family. B. They have eco-friendly practices. C. They focus on animal protection. D. They provide many craft activities. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章推荐了四个令人愉悦的去处，包括农场、酒店、庄园和花园，帮助人们摆脱忙碌与压力，享受美好时光。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“When daily chores and stress make life dull, there are always beautiful little joys and unique experiences to discover around us. Here, we’ve gathered some lovely finds for you, hoping you’ll pause from the hustle and enjoy these wonderful moments that brighten life.(当日常琐事和压力让生活变得乏味时，我们身边总有美好的小乐趣和独特的体验等待发现。在这里，我们为你收集了一些美好的去处，希望你能停下忙碌，享受这些点亮生活的美好瞬间)”可知，本文目的是推荐令人愉悦的短途度假地。故选C项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Four Seasons Hotel标题下“To mark the arrival of summer, Four Seasons Hotel has opened its seasonal patio. With a new menu and annual mural installation, it shows respect for the French Riviera and Mediterranean coastline. The mural is created by Victoria Sequeira, who says, “I want to spark a visual journey for guests — one full of warmth, peace and a touch of Mediterranean magic.”(为了迎接夏天的到来，四季酒店开放了季节性露台。凭借新菜单和年度壁画装置，它向法国里维埃拉和地中海海岸线致敬。这幅壁画由维多利亚・塞克拉创作，她说：“我想为客人开启一段视觉之旅 —— 一段充满温暖、宁静和一丝地中海魅力的旅程。”)”可知，如果你是壁画爱好者，可以选择四季酒店。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Copperwood Trail标题下“This peaceful family farm is committed to providing a safe, quiet rural escape for all visitors eager for close contact with animals and nature.(这个宁静的家庭农场致力于为所有渴望与动物和自然亲密接触的游客提供一个安全、安静的乡村避风港。)”和Green Hill Gardens标题下“Tucked away in the quiet countryside, the family-run Green Hill Gardens has a decades-long history.(坐落在宁静的乡村，家族经营的青山花园有着数十年的历史)”可知，两者的共同点是都由家族经营管理。故选A项。 B My father loved lists. Over 25 years, he recorded 539 books he read and 322 episodes of Booknotes on C-SPAN, which he watched every Sunday night. He also kept grocery lists for his mini-fridge — Pepsi, coffee, heavy cream — and daily tasks. These notes filled small notebooks, always near his reading chair. He wrote them until December 31, 2004, when cancer stopped him. After his death, I gathered the notebooks into a box. For years, I couldn’t bear to open them. Born in 1927 in Lowell, Massachusetts, my father was the son of a leather factory worker and grandson of an Irish immigrant who cleaned horse manure from the streets. Despite his humble beginnings, he was brilliant. After a summer in the leather factory, he graduated high school at 16 and went on to Boston College. He served in World War II and later earned degrees in physics. Then he worked at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory, moved his family from Lowell to Boston, and sent his kids to private colleges. It seemed he had left Lowell behind — but not so. Deep down, he saw himself simply as a working-class Lowell kid who had just read a lot of books. He didn’t travel much, and didn’t feel the need. When I asked if he regretted not seeing the world, he defended himself: “I’ve sailed the Atlantic in stormy winds, climbed the Himalayas, and stared down wild animals.” Then he added, “I read.” Books were his world. From them, he learned to survive landslides, shark attacks, and even gorilla attacks. He had what he called “a rich inner life” — and it was true. Shortly before his death, he opened a small purple notebook and began one last list. It described details from 1930s Lowell — things lost in time. Twenty years later, I found it. In his flowing handwriting, Dad reached back to Lowell — a time long gone, now captured only in memory. Lost and only in memory — that was how I was experiencing Dad now. Squinting my eyes, I saw not just the city he loved, but the quiet, extraordinary man I called Dad. 4. Why are the details of the father’s lists mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To imply his fear of forgetting. B. To show his love for literature and cuisine. C. To reveal his reliance on control. D. To reflect his ordered and thoughtful life. 5. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? A. He stayed humble and rooted. B. He struggled with his identity. C. His success originated from his roots. D. He felt torn about his background. 6. What does the father’s quote in Paragraph 3 mainly reveal? A. His dream of global travel. B. His pride in inner journeys. C. His desire for real adventure. D. His escape from physical world. 7. What is the main theme of the passage? A. Pursuit and action. B. Loss and regret. C. Ambition and escape. D. Memory and identity. 【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过作者回忆父亲生前记录的各类清单，展现父亲对生活的认真态度，同时借父亲虽离开故乡却始终心怀故土，以及父亲对阅读和内心世界的热爱，探讨了记忆与身份认同的主题。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中“My father loved lists. Over 25 years, he recorded 539 books he read and 322 episodes of Booknotes on C-SPAN, which he watched every Sunday night. He also kept grocery lists for his mini-fridge — Pepsi, coffee, heavy cream — and daily tasks. These notes filled small notebooks, always near his reading chair. (我父亲喜欢列清单。在25多年的时间里，他记录了自己读过的539本书，以及每周日晚上在C-SPAN上观看的322集《书话》。他还为他的迷你冰箱列了食品杂货清单——百事可乐、咖啡、浓奶油——以及日常任务。这些笔记填满了小笔记本，总是放在他读书的椅子旁边)”可知，作者详细描述父亲各类清单的内容和持久性，是为了展现父亲生活有序、思维缜密、富有条理的特点。故选D项。 【5题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Despite his humble beginnings, he was brilliant. After a summer in the leather factory, he graduated high school at 16 and went on to Boston College. He served in World War II and later earned degrees in physics. Then he worked at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory, moved his family from Lowell to Boston, and sent his kids to private colleges. (尽管他出身卑微，但他很聪明。在皮革厂度过一个夏天后，他16岁高中毕业，随后进入波士顿学院。他参加了第二次世界大战，后来获得了物理学学位。然后，他在麻省理工学院的林肯实验室工作，把家从洛厄尔搬到了波士顿，并送孩子上私立大学)”和“Deep down, he saw himself simply as a working-class Lowell kid who had just read a lot of books. (在他的内心深处，他只是把自己看作是一个读了很多书的洛厄尔工人阶级的孩子)”可知，父亲虽然取得了成功，但他内心深处仍然认为自己是一个来自洛厄尔的工人阶级的孩子。由此可推知，尽管父亲取得了世俗意义上的成功，但他内心依然保持谦逊，并深深认同自己的出身根源。故划线句子的意思是“他仍然保持谦逊并深深认同自己的出身”。故选A项。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中“When I asked if he regretted not seeing the world, he defended himself: “I’ve sailed the Atlantic in stormy winds, climbed the Himalayas, and stared down wild animals.” Then he added, “I read.” Books were his world. From them, he learned to survive landslides, shark attacks, and even gorilla attacks. He had what he called “a rich inner life” — and it was true. (当我问他是否后悔没有去看看世界时，他为自己辩护道：“我在暴风中横渡过大西洋，攀登过喜马拉雅山，还以目光逼退过野生动物。”然后他补充道：“我读书。”书就是他的世界。从书中，他学会了在山体滑坡、鲨鱼袭击，甚至大猩猩袭击中生存下来。他拥有他所谓的“丰富的内心生活”——这是真的)”可知，父亲的回应表明他通过阅读实现了精神上的冒险与探索，并为此感到自豪，这揭示了他对内心精神旅程的自豪。故选B项。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“In his flowing handwriting, Dad reached back to Lowell — a time long gone, now captured only in memory. Lost and only in memory — that was how I was experiencing Dad now. (父亲用他流畅的笔迹，回到了洛厄尔——那段早已逝去的时光，如今只能在记忆中捕捉。失去，只在记忆中——这就是我现在对父亲的感受)”可知，文章通过作者回忆父亲生前记录的各类清单，展现父亲对生活的认真态度，同时借父亲虽离开故乡却始终心怀故土，以及父亲对阅读和内心世界的热爱，探讨了记忆与身份认同的主题。故选D项。 C Each year, over 1.2 billion new smartphones are produced worldwide. This not only consumes significant energy and natural resources but also results in large amounts of electronic waste, as users often replace functional devices every few years. To address this issue, researchers have developed a new approach-transforming old phones into small-scale data centers for practical applications. “Innovation often begins not with something new, but with a new way of thinking about the old,” said Huber, an associate professor. The research team demonstrated that outdated smartphones can be transformed into tiny data centers capable of processing and storing data for real-world applications. They also found that building such a data center only costs around 8 euros per device, making it an economical solution. In their experiment, the scientists carefully removed the batteries to prevent chemical leakage and connected four old phones using 3D-printed cases. The system was powered externally and tested in practical environments. One successful trial of the new approach involved underwater sea life monitoring, where the device automatically recorded and analyzed sea species. Tasks that once required divers can now be handled directly by the device underwater. These reused devices show promise in other areas as well. For example, they could be applied at bus stops to monitor passenger flow patterns and help urban planners adjust public transportation schedules and routes. This approach not only reduces e-waste but also supports sustainable digital solutions for modern communities. “This smart, green approach rethinks our throwaway tech culture. Sustainability is not just about preserving the future but also about reimagining the present, turning yesterday’s devices into tomorrow’s solutions,” added Ulrich, an Associate Professor of Software Engineering. With minimal investment and creative thinking, outdated technology can serve new purposes, contributing to a greener digital society while effectively addressing the growing problem of electronic waste. 8. Which of the following best describes the new approach in paragraph 2? A. Time-saving. B. Cost-effective C. User-friendly. D. Labor-intensive. 9. What was a successful application of the new approach? A. Assisting divers in recording sea animals. B. Producing 3D-printed cases for ocean use C. Monitoring underwater life independently. D. Supplying power to underwater equipment. 10. What can we infer about the reused devices from paragraph 4? A. They predict the city traffic patterns. B. They inform passengers of bus arrivals. C. They help with smart city management D. They assess the work of urban planners. 11. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Global Smartphone Waste Problem B. A Green Solution: Repurposing Old Phones C. An Eco-Digital Guide: Electronic Engineering D. The Sustainability of Smart City Development 【答案】8. B 9. C 10. C 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍研究人员为解决智能手机电子垃圾问题，将旧手机改造为小型数据中心，并介绍其应用及环保意义。 【8题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The research team demonstrated that outdated smartphones can be transformed into tiny data centers capable of processing and storing data for real-world applications. They also found that building such a data center only costs around 8 euros per device, making it an economical solution.(研究团队证明，过时的智能手机可以被改造成小型数据中心，能够处理和存储现实应用中的数据。他们还发现，建造这样一个数据中心每台设备仅需花费约8欧元，使其成为一种经济实惠的解决方案)”可知，这种新方法将旧手机改造为小型数据中心，每台设备成本仅约8欧元，非常经济实惠。故选B项。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“One successful trial of the new approach involved underwater sea life monitoring, where the device automatically recorded and analyzed sea species. Tasks that once required divers can now be handled directly by the device underwater.(这种新方法的一次成功试验涉及水下海洋生物监测，该设备能自动记录和分析海洋物种。曾经需要潜水员完成的任务，现在可以由水下设备直接处理)”可知，这种新方法的一个成功应用是水下海洋生物监测，设备可独立完成记录和分析工作，无需潜水员协助。故选C项。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“For example, they could be applied at bus stops to monitor passenger flow patterns and help urban planners adjust public transportation schedules and routes. This approach not only reduces e-waste but also supports sustainable digital solutions for modern communities.(例如，它们可以应用于公交车站，监测客流模式，帮助城市规划者调整公共交通时刻表和路线。这种方法不仅减少了电子垃圾，还为现代社区提供了可持续的数字解决方案)”可推断，这些被再利用的设备能够应用于公交站监测客流，帮助城市规划者优化交通，助力智慧城市管理。故选C项。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合第一段“Each year, over 1.2 billion new smartphones are produced worldwide. This not only consumes significant energy and natural resources but also results in large amounts of electronic waste, as users often replace functional devices every few years. To address this issue, researchers have developed a new approach-transforming old phones into small-scale data centers for practical applications.(全球每年生产超过 12 亿部新智能手机。这不仅消耗大量能源和自然资源，还会产生大量电子垃圾，因为用户往往每隔几年就更换尚能使用的设备。为解决这一问题，研究人员开发出一种新方法：将旧手机改造成小型数据中心，用于实际应用)”可知，文章开篇提出智能手机产生大量电子垃圾的问题，随后重点介绍研究人员提出的绿色解决方案——将旧手机改造为小型数据中心，接着介绍其应用场景和环保意义，核心是“旧手机再利用这一绿色解决方案”。B项“一种绿色解决方案：旧手机再利用”，精准概括文章核心内容，可以作本文最佳标题。故选B项。 D The science of our age is computational. Without models, simulations (模拟), statistical analysis, data storage and so on, our knowledge of the world would grow far more slowly. The late philosopher Paul Humphreys called this the “hybrid scenario” of science, where parts of the scientific process are assigned to computers. He also identified an “automated scenario”, where computers take over science completely. If such a scenario ever arrives, we would see a strange world indeed — the computational capacities for scientific reasoning, data processing, model-making and theorizing would far surpass our own abilities to the point that we humans are no longer needed. AI or artificial superintelligences may decide to explore scientific interests that human scientists are unmotivated to pursue, creating whole new paths of discovery. They might even gain knowledge about the world that lies beyond what our brains are capable of understanding. If the results of the completely automated scenario are beyond our comprehension, then why would we want to devote economic resources and intellectual talent towards its development? One reason may be that we think positive advancements will follow. A different reason would be aesthetic (美学的). There is something aesthetically pleasing in knowing that the world is being known, studied and understood. Alternatively, humanity might pursue the automated scenario out of beneficence: We think it would be good for the artificial superintelligences to pursue their own advanced science. Equally as many are those reasons why we might decide not to pursue the automated scenario. Perhaps, the discoveries the artificial superintelligence makes would generate new and terrible weapons. Perhaps, it’s simply the concern that some of the superintelligences will begin to experiment in ways that are dangerous, immoral or contrary to humanity’s shared values. So, what will we do? In Humphreys’s original presentation of the automated scenario, he suggested that the automated scenario would replace human science. Broader considerations point elsewhere. Our desires for understanding, explanation, knowledge and control will remain, and we cannot help but take action to address those desires — to continue to do science. We humans create beautiful things, pursue interhuman connection in friendship and romance, and find and construct meaning in life. The same holds true for our motivations for science. We will be stuck with our curiosity to understand and explain the natural world around us. If the automated scenario comes to pass, it seems that it will have to be as some new, alternative, secondary path — not a replacement, but an addition. Two species, pursuing science side by side, with different motivations, interests, frameworks and theories. Indeed, if we are to remain human, we must continue to pursue science. What are we, really, if we are not beauty-seeking, friendship-making, meaning-constructing, hopelessly curious animals? 12. What is the key difference between the hybrid and automated scenarios? A. The pace of scientific discovery. B. The level of computing efficiency. C. The range of machine domination. D. The depth of human understanding. 13. As for Humphreys’s argument in Paragraph 5, the author is ______. A. appreciative B. uncertain C. submissive D. unfavorable 14. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Scientific motivation is unique to humans. B. Humanity’s shared values need to be changed. C. Discoveries by AI might push past human boundaries. D. Humans should define the framework for AI development. 15. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Science plays a decisive role in who we are. B. The desire for scientific inquiry is here to stay. C. The automated scenario is bound to materialize. D. Humanity and machines work towards the same goal. 【答案】12. C 13. D 14. C 15. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，作者先介绍两种模式，再分析自动化模式的利弊，最终明确观点：人类对探索、理解自然世界的好奇心和科研渴望会一直存在，自动化模式即便实现，也只是人类科学的补充而非替代，人类必然会继续开展科学研究。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“The late philosopher Paul Humphreys called this the “hybrid scenario” of science, where parts of the scientific process are assigned to computers. He also identified an “automated scenario”, where computers take over science completely.(已故哲学家保罗·汉弗莱斯（Paul Humphreys）将这种情形称为科学的“混合模式”，即科学过程的部分环节交由计算机处理。他还提出了一种“全自动化模式”，即计算机完全接管科学)”可知，混合模式与全自动化模式之间的关键区别是机器主导的范围。故选C。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Broader considerations point elsewhere. Our desires for understanding, explanation, knowledge and control will remain, and we cannot help but take action to address those desires — to continue to do science.(但更广泛的考量指向了另一个方向。我们对理解、解释、知识和控制的渴望将依然存在，我们无法不采取行动来满足这些渴望——即继续从事科学活动)”可知，Humphreys的观点是“自动化模式会取代人类科学”，而作者紧接着用“Broader considerations point elsewhere.(更全面的考量指向另一个方向)”明确反驳，随后指出人类对探索世界的渴望会一直存在，必然会继续开展科学研究。由此可见，作者对Humphreys的观点是不赞同的。故选D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“AI or artificial superintelligences may decide to explore scientific interests that human scientists are unmotivated to pursue, creating whole new paths of discovery. They might even gain knowledge about the world that lies beyond what our brains are capable of understanding.(人工智能或超级人工智能可能会决定探索人类科学家缺乏动力去追求的科学兴趣，开辟全新的发现路径。它们甚至可能获得超出人类大脑理解能力的世界知识)”可知，人工智能的发现可能会突破人类的界限。故选C。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是倒数第二段“Our desires for understanding, explanation, knowledge and control will remain, and we cannot help but take action to address those desires — to continue to do science. We humans create beautiful things, pursue interhuman connection in friendship and romance, and find and construct meaning in life. The same holds true for our motivations for science. We will be stuck with our curiosity to understand and explain the natural world around us.(我们对理解、阐释、认知与掌控的渴望将始终存在，我们不由自主地会采取行动来满足这些渴望——即持续投身于科学探索。我们人类创造美好事物，在友情与爱情中追寻人际间的联结，并在生活中探寻与构建意义。对于科学探索的动机，亦是如此。我们会始终怀揣着好奇心，去理解并阐释我们周围的自然世界)”可知，文章核心围绕 “科学研究的自动化模式” 展开，作者先介绍两种模式，再分析自动化模式的利弊，最终明确观点：人类对探索、理解自然世界的好奇心和科研渴望会一直存在，自动化模式即便实现，也只是人类科学的补充而非替代，人类必然会继续开展科学研究，因此本文是想告诉我们对科学探索的渴望将永存不灭。故选B。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Have you ever thought about the origins of mathematics? Interestingly, unlike man-made inventions such as light bulbs or computers, mathematics isn’t something that was invented by someone. ____16____ And its discovery can’t even be attributed to one person. Instead, mathematics developed gradually over thousands of years through the contributions of many people! ____17____ No one can know for sure, but we can use our imaginations to think about how mathematics might have gotten its start. For example, if we go all the way back to prehistoric humans gathering peaches to eat, we can imagine how this basic task probably gave rise to a need for math. If you and your prehistoric friend gathered a basket full of peaches, you’d probably agree to divide them evenly (平均地). First, you’d need to know how many peaches you gathered. That means you’d need to count them. You might first need to come up with names for the basic units of measurement. ____18____ Similarly, division might have originated from the need to divide that pile of peaches. ____19____ And scientists believe that many basic mathematical functions, such as addition and multiplication appeared thousands of years ago in various areas at the same time, including China, India, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. More advanced mathematics is traced to ancient Greece over 2,500 years ago. ____20____ Since then, mathematical findings have inspired later mathematicians and scientists to build on predecessors’ work, continuously broadening our comprehension of mathematics and its connection to the world. A. How did it get started? B. When was it discovered? C. It’s really more of a discovery. D. They were the first to discover the basics of mathematics. E. Around this time, mathematics first became an organized science. F. This might be how counting and the earliest numbers came about. G. In fact, many mathematical principles were developed to meet practical needs. 【答案】16. C 17. A 18. F 19. G 20. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了数学的起源和发展，强调了它不是个人发明，而是通过数千年的积累和多地区文化的贡献逐渐形成的知识体系。 【16题详解】 上文“Interestingly, unlike man-made inventions such as light bulbs or computers, mathematics isn’t something that was invented by someone.(有趣的是，与灯泡或电脑等人为发明不同，数学并不是由某人发明的)”说明数学并非人为创造，而是有其自身的存在方式。下文“And its discovery can’t even be attributed to one person.(而且它的发现甚至不能归功于一个人)”进一步强调了数学的发现是一个集体过程，而非个人行为。空处需解释数学的本质。 选项C“It’s really more of a discovery.(它更像是一种发现)”完美承接上下文逻辑，强调数学的本质是发现而非发明。故选C。 【17题详解】 下文“No one can know for sure, but we can use our imaginations to think about how mathematics might have gotten its start. For example, if we go all the way back to prehistoric humans gathering peaches to eat, we can imagine how this basic task probably gave rise to a need for math. If you and your prehistoric friend gathered a basket full of peaches, you’d probably agree to divide them evenly (平均地).(没有人能确切知晓，但我们可以发挥想象力，思考数学可能是如何起源的。例如，如果我们追溯到史前人类采摘桃子食用的时期，便能想象这项基础活动很可能催生了对数学的需求。假设你和史前的朋友采了一篮桃子，你们很可能会同意把桃子平均分)”用史前人类分配桃子的例子解释数学可能的起源。空处应为引导问题的总起句。选项A“How did it get started?(它是如何开始的？)”直接提出了关于数学起源的问题，与下文内容相呼应。故选A。 【18题详解】 上文“If you and your prehistoric friend gathered a basket full of peaches, you’d probably agree to divide them evenly (平均地). First, you’d need to know how many peaches you gathered. That means you’d need to count them. You might first need to come up with names for the basic units of measurement.(假设你和生活在史前时期的朋友采了满满一篮桃子，你们很可能会同意把这些桃子平均分。首先，你需要知道一共采了多少个桃子，这就意味着你得把它们数一数。你可能首先需要为基本的计量单位想出名称)”描述史前人类数桃子和命名计数单位的过程。空处需总结这一行为的意义。选项F“This might be how counting and the earliest numbers came about.(这可能就是计数和最早数字的由来)”中“this”指代前文数桃子的行为，“counting”和“numbers”与“count them”“names for the basic units”对应，总结该例子与数学起源的关系，符合语境。故选F。 【19题详解】 上文“Similarly, division might have originated from the need to divide that pile of peaches.(同样，除法可能源于分配那堆桃子的需要)”以“分桃子”为例说明除法的起源，下文“And scientists believe that many basic mathematical functions, such as addition and multiplication appeared thousands of years ago in various areas at the same time, including China, India, Mesopotamia, and Egypt.(并且科学家们认为，许多基本的数学运算，比如加法和乘法，是在数千年前同时出现在不同地区的，包括中国、印度、美索不达米亚和埃及)”列举加法、乘法等基础运算的起源，均体现数学源于实际需求。选项G“In fact, many mathematical principles were developed to meet practical needs.(事实上，许多数学原理都是为了满足实际需求而发展起来的)” 是概括性结论，与上文例子形成“例证+观点”关系，强调了数学原理与实际需求的紧密联系。故选G。 【20题详解】 上文“More advanced mathematics is traced to ancient Greece over 2,500 years ago.(更高级的数学可以追溯到2500多年前的古希腊)”提到古希腊时期的数学发展，下文“Since then, mathematical findings have inspired later mathematicians and scientists to build on predecessors’ work, continuously broadening our comprehension of mathematics and its connection to the world.(从那以后，数学上的发现激励着后来的数学家和科学家在前人的研究基础上继续探索，不断拓展我们对数学及其与世界联系的理解)”提到数学研究对后世的启发。选项E“Around this time, mathematics first became an organized science.(大约在这个时候，数学首次成为一门有组织的科学)”承接上文进一步说明古希腊时期数学的发展阶段，与下文形成时间上的延续。故选E。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Before Elaine left the Antarctic, she was determined to see a penguin — up close. She had spotted a few, but only from far away. But that night, when someone said there was a penguin on the ice outside the station, Elaine rushed out. A frosty wind circled, a(n) ____21____. Elaine knew the weather could change ____22____. Although the icy plain looked solid, its sheet was in constant ____23____. Crevasses (冰裂缝) hid beneath the snowy surface. Rows of blue and red flags ____24____ a safe path through this dangerous zone. It was ____25____ the rules to approach a penguin. So she had to wait and see if the bird would come to her. She held her breath, concentrated on the penguin waddling toward her and ____26____ it to keep coming. Soon the bird stood just in front of her, with its eyes ____27____ with hers. So sweet! ____28____ she leaned into the blowing wind and followed the bird farther out on the ice, away from the station. Suddenly, a strong gust knocked her off her feet. Elaine rolled over and over until she found herself lying on a thin skin of ice above a blue-crevasse. Crunch! She dropped a little lower. If she ____29____, she’d drop into the crevasse, where nobody would even find her. Then the wind ____30____. In a sudden quiet, Elaine felt someone near, her penguin! Seeing Elaine move, the bird walked away, then stopped and looked back, which seemed to invite her to follow. Cracks ____31____ around her. She made up her mind. She would trust her bird. She spread her arms on the ice like wings, keeping her body ____32____ and spreading her weight across the fragile surface. She pushed forward on her belly, ____33____ ahead. The penguin wove a trail between the cracks. Elaine scraped along behind, ____34____ time as she focused on following the penguin’s path. Finally, with one last ____35____ of her arms, Elaine crawled after her penguin onto solid, white ice. Safety! 21. A. pressure B. warning C. prediction D. impression 22. A. in a heartbeat B. in a row C. in a hurry D. in a way 23. A. evolution B. consumption C. motion D. progression 24. A. strengthened B. marked C. decorated D. crossed 25. A. for B. among C. against D. of 26. A. considered B. permitted C. willed D. forced 27. A. level B. parallel C. opposite D. equal 28. A. Fortunately B. Reluctantly C. Intentionally D. Unconsciously 29. A. broke out B. broke down C. broke in D. broke through 30. A. died B. followed C. returned D. worsened 31. A. declined B. spiderwebbed C. melted D. accumulated 32. A. flexible B. flat C. twisted D. bent 33. A. rushing B. sliding C. inching D. diving 34. A. losing track of B. losing control of C. taking note of D. running out of 35. A. raise B. wave C. shake D. pull 【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Elaine在南极试图近距离观察企鹅时，被强风卷入险境，跌落在冰裂缝上。企鹅的出现引导她冷静地利用姿势和技巧，沿着企鹅的路线缓慢爬行，最终脱险回到安全冰面的惊险故事。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：刺骨的风盘旋着，像是一种警告。A. pressure压力；B. warning警告；C. prediction预测；D. impression印象。根据后文“Suddenly, a strong gust knocked her off her feet. Elaine rolled over and over until she found herself lying on a thin skin of ice above a blue-crevasse. Crunch!”描述Elaine遇险可推知，“A frosty wind circled”预示着危险，是一种“警告”，这是文学作品中常用的“伏笔”修辞手法。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查介词短语辨析。句意：Elaine知道天气可能在转瞬间变化。A. in a heartbeat转瞬间，立刻；B. in a row连续地；C. in a hurry匆忙地；D. in a way在某种程度上。根据前文“A frosty wind circled, a(n) .”以及南极环境的极端和多变特性可知，天气变化可以非常迅速，在“转瞬间”发生。故选A项。 【23题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管冰原看起来坚固，但其冰盖一直处于运动之中。A. evolution进化；B. consumption消耗；C. motion运动；D. progression进展。“Although”引导让步状语从句，与上文“the icy plain looked solid”坚固的冰原形成对比，冰盖并非静止不动，而是持续处于“运动”和变化状态。故选C项。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一排排蓝红色的旗帜在这个危险区域标出了一条安全路径。A. strengthened加强；B. marked标记；C. decorated装饰；D. crossed穿过。根据前文描述的冰原上潜在的危险，以及“safe path”和“dangerous zone”的对比可知，这些旗帜的作用是“标记”出安全的路线。故选B项。 【25题详解】 考查介词辨析。句意：接近企鹅是违反规定的。A. for为了；B. among在……之中；C. against反对，违反；D. of……的。根据后文“So she had to wait and see if the bird would come to her.”可知，规定不允许主动靠近企鹅，只能等待，因此主动接近是“违反”规定；against the rules意为“违反规定”。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她屏住呼吸，全神贯注于那只摇摇摆摆向她走来的企鹅，并希望它继续过来。A. considered考虑；B. permitted允许；C. willed希望，想要；D. forced强迫。根据前文“So she had to wait and see if the bird would come to her”可知，她不能主动靠近企鹅，所以当企鹅向她走来时，她只能在内心“希望”它走得更近一些。故选C项。 【27题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快这只鸟就站在她面前，它的眼睛与她的眼睛齐平。A. level水平的，齐平的；B. parallel平行的；C. opposite相反的；D. equal相等的。根据前文“Soon the bird stood just in front of her”可知，企鹅站在她正前方，双方距离很近，目光相接，描述两者目光高度一致常用“level with(与……齐平)”。故选A项。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：无意中，她倚着吹来的风，跟着这只鸟在冰上走得更远，离开了站点。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Reluctantly不情愿地；C. Intentionally故意地；D. Unconsciously无意识地，不知不觉地。根据后文“followed the bird farther out on the ice, away from the station”以及前文“So sweet!”她对企鹅的着迷可推知，她可能是在“无意识”中被吸引而走远，并非刻意违反安全规定。故选D项。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果她压破冰层，就会掉进冰裂缝，那里甚至没人能找到她。A. broke out爆发；B. broke down崩溃，出故障；C. broke in闯入；D. broke through突破，冲破。根据前文她躺在薄冰上以及“Crunch! She dropped a little lower.”冰层发出碎裂声可知，如果她继续施压导致冰层彻底“破裂”，就会坠入裂缝。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后风停了。A. died消失，停止；B. followed跟随；C. returned返回；D. worsened恶化。根据后文“In a sudden quiet”可知，环境突然安静下来，之前呼啸的风“停止”了。故选A项。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她周围的冰面像蜘蛛网一样裂开。A. declined下降；B. spiderwebbed呈蛛网状裂开；C. melted融化；D. accumulated积累。根据前文她处于薄冰之上，冰面脆弱，结合空前“Cracks”可知，裂纹可能呈放射状或网状蔓延，“spiderwebbed”生动地描绘了这种形态。故选B项。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她将双臂像翅膀一样摊开在冰上，保持身体平直，将体重分散在脆弱的冰面上。A. flexible灵活的；B. flat平的，平直的；C. twisted扭曲的；D. bent弯曲的。根据后文“spreading her weight across the fragile surface”可知，为了最大化分散压力，防止冰面破裂，身体需要尽可能保持“平直”贴于冰面。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她腹部着地向前推进，一点一点地挪动。A. rushing冲；B. sliding滑行；C. inching缓慢移动，一点一点挪动；D. diving潜水。根据前文冰面脆弱如蛛网和“fragile surface”的描述可知，她不可能快速移动，只能极其缓慢地、“一点一点地”前进。故选C项。 【34题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：Elaine跟在后面艰难地爬行，专注于跟随企鹅的路径，忘记了时间。A. losing track of失去对……的跟踪，忘记；B. losing control of失去对……的控制；C. taking note of注意到；D. running out of用完。根据后文“as she focused on following the penguin’s path”可知，她全神贯注于求生和跟随，完全投入其中，因而“忘记了”时间的流逝。故选A项。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，Elaine双臂最后用力一拉，跟着她的企鹅爬到了坚实、洁白的冰面上。A. raise举起；B. wave挥动；C. shake摇动；D. pull拉，拽。根据前文她“spread her arms on the ice like wings”的姿势以及腹部着地爬行的状态，从脆弱的冰面边缘爬上坚实的冰面，很可能需要手臂最后“拉”或“牵引”一下身体来完成这个动作。故选D项。 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Scots may well have standardized golf as we know it, making ____36____ a game of 18 holes. But it is still uncertain ____37____ first came up with the idea. The Romans played a game called paganica, in which a ball stuffed with feathers and wool ____38____ (hit) with a bent stick, while the Dutch played a stick-and-ball game called colf as early as the 13th century. But the most interesting — and in many ways convincing — evidence ever ____39____ (document) of an early version of golf comes from China. A game called chuiwan became popular in the Song dynasty. Players used ten clubs to hit wooden balls towards ____40____ (bright) coloured flags — sound familiar? They had a club for long distances, a precursor (前身) of the modern-day driver, and the tee was called the ji, or base ____41____ English. There was even an early version of the R&A Rules of Golf: Wan Jing, or The Classic of the Ball, published during the Yuan dynasty. It ____42____ (lay) out the rules, and placed great ____43____ (emphasize) on sportsmanship and correct behaviour — similar to modern golf. There’s also a reference in an ancient book to an official of the Southern Tang dynasty ____44____ (tell) his daughter to “dig holes in the ground” so he could hit a ball into them using a special stick. The game seems ____45____ (die) out in China during the Qing dynasty, but it certainly qualifies as a royal and ancient game. 【答案】36. it 37. who 38. was hit 39. documented 40. brightly 41. in 42. laid 43. emphasis 44. telling 45. to have died 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了高尔夫运动的起源存在不确定性，且早期版本的相关证据显示其可能源于中国。 【36题详解】 考查代词。句意：苏格兰人很可能将我们所熟知的高尔夫运动标准化，使其成为一项18洞的运动。此处指代前面的golf，作making的宾语，用代词it。故填it。 【37题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：但目前仍不确定是谁首先提出了这个想法。句中it作形式主语，空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指人，需用连接代词who引导。故填who。 【38题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：罗马人玩一种叫做paganica的游戏，用弯曲的棍子击打塞满羽毛和羊毛的球，而荷兰人在13世纪早期就玩一种叫做colf的棍球游戏。根据played和as early as the 13th century可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，定语从句的主语a ball和hit为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词用was。故填was hit。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但迄今为止，关于高尔夫早期版本的最有趣的——在许多方面也是最有说服力的——证据来自中国。句子谓语动词是comes from，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词evidence，document和与其逻辑主语evidence为被动关系，需用过去分词形式。故填documented。 【40题详解】 考查副词。句意：玩家们用十根球杆将木球击向颜色鲜艳的旗帜——听起来很熟悉吧？修饰形容词coloured需用副词brightly“明亮地；鲜明地”作状语。故填brightly。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：他们有一种用于长距离的球杆，是现代一号木杆的前身，而发球台在英语中被称为“ji”或“base”。in English为固定短语，意为“用英语”。故填in。 【42题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：它制定了规则，并非常强调体育精神和正确的行为——类似于现代高尔夫。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，lay的过去式是laid，lay out为固定搭配，意为“制定，列出”。故填laid。 【43题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。空处需填emphasize的名词形式emphasis作宾语，place emphasis on为固定短语，意为“强调”。故填emphasis。 【44题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在一本古籍中还提到南唐的一位官员告诉他的女儿“在地上挖洞”，这样他就可以用一根特殊的棍子把球打进洞里。空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词official，tell与其逻辑主语official为主动关系，需用现在分词形式。故填telling。 【45题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：这种运动在清朝时期似乎在中国已经消亡，但它无疑是一种皇室和古老的运动。seem to do sth.为固定短语，意为“似乎做某事”，根据during the Qing dynasty可知，此处表示已经消亡，需用动词不定式的完成式to have done。故填to have died。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华。你班英语课开展“课前一分钟看图说话”活动。请根据以下漫画写一则发言稿。 写作内容： 1. 描述漫画内容； 2. 谈谈你的看法。 注意：词数80左右；格式已给出。 Good morning, everyone! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 【答案】 Good morning, everyone! As we can see in the picture, two boys show totally different attitudes towards their exam scores. The boy with a high mark of 99 looks upset, regretful about the tiny loss of points. However, the other boy who only got 69 wears a big smile and feels satisfied with his progress. From my perspective, we should view scores reasonably. High marks do not always mean perfect ability, while low scores are just reminders for improvement. Instead of being troubled by small mistakes or feeling content easily, we should focus on analyzing weaknesses and making steady progress step by step. Thank you! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达要求考生围绕漫画所示的考试分数的两种截然不同态度展开，先客观描述漫画两名学生面对分数的反差表现，再理性发表个人观点。 【详解】1.词汇积累 沮丧的：upset → frustrated 满意的：satisfied → contented 能力：ability → competence 缺点：weakness → shortcoming 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：Instead of being troubled by small mistakes or feeling content easily, we should focus on analyzing weaknesses and making steady progress step by step. 拓展句：Instead of being troubled by small mistakes or feeling content easily, not only should we focus on analyzing weaknesses, but we also ought to make steady progress step by step. 【点睛】【高分句型1】As we can see in the picture, two boys show totally different attitudes towards their exam scores.(运用了as引导的非限定性定语从句) 【高分句型2】However, the other boy who only got 69 wears a big smile and feels satisfied with his progress.(运用了who引导的限定性定语从句) 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 On a cold, damp evening in mid-November, a sharp wind cut through the streets, but Jack paid little attention to the chill. As a delivery rider, he had just finished a few smooth orders, his hands warm from the hot milk tea cups he’d been carrying, and his spirits fairly good. Stepping out of a milk tea shop, he found the spot where his second-hand electric bike had been parked now empty. In an instant, his heart sank, and a wave of hopelessness swept over him, turning his calm evening into a nightmare. That bike was far more than just a vehicle; it was his lifeline, the only way for him to earn daily income and cover his living expenses. Panic set in as he remembered the undelivered orders — especially a cup of hot milk tea for Ms. White, a regular customer. His hand trembled as he pressed the voice button, his words laced with sorrow and anxiety as he apologized repeatedly, offering to pay for the undelivered drink. To his great surprise, Ms. White did not respond with anger or complaint, but with gentle kindness. Ms. White told him not to worry and to take his time finding his bike. Her understanding words calmed him, but also deepened his sense of responsibility. “She is so kind. I cannot let her down,” he thought. For nearly two hours, he searched every nearby street, but there was no sign of his bike. As night grew darker and the wind bit harder, Jack clenched his fists and made a firm decision. He took out his poor savings, bought a bag of fresh apples and a new cup of hot milk tea, then set off on foot to Ms. White’s apartment, several kilometers away. The wind bit into his thin jacket, and his old shoes grew heavy with mud, but the thought of keeping his promise and maintaining his integrity kept him moving forward through the dimly lit urban landscape. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Finally, breathless, Jack reached Ms. White’s doorstep and rang the bell. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Deeply moved by Jack’s action, Ms. White decided to share the story online that night. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Finally, breathless, Jack reached Ms. White’s doorstep and rang the bell. The door opened, revealing a woman whose expression shifted from curiosity to surprise and then to heartfelt sympathy as she saw the exhausted man before her. His clothes were dusty, but the gifts in his hands were held with care. “Ms. White, these are for you,” he grinned, offering the apples and milk tea. “Wishing you happiness and good health. I am truly sorry about the delay.” Tears welled up in Ms. White’s eyes. “Oh, Jack! You shouldn’t have walked such a long way just for this!” she said, her voice soft with emotion for his unshakable honesty, even amid his own misfortune! Deeply moved by Jack’s action, Ms. White decided to share the story online that night. She posted a video describing what happened, writing, “Even when caught in his own storm, he still reached out to warm others.” The post quickly went viral, receiving millions of likes and shares. Strangers were touched by the ordinary man’s extraordinary act. The wave of kindness soon reached his delivery company. They promptly responded, providing Jack with a brand-new e-bike and a cash reward to support his honest work. Even more wonderfully, with the help of numerous alert eyes online, his original bike was located and returned. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述外卖骑手Jack在11月的一个寒冷夜晚，赖以谋生的二手电动车被盗，陷入绝望；但他仍牢记未完成的订单，心怀愧疚；在得到顾客White女士谅解后，他步行数公里，自费送上苹果与热奶茶赔礼道歉，用行动坚守诚信与责任的暖心故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容 “终于，Jack气喘吁吁地赶到了White女士家门口，按响了门铃。” 可知，第一段可描写Jack见到 White女士后的场景，包括他疲惫的状态、送上礼物与真诚道歉，以及White女士的惊讶与感动。 ②由第二段首句内容 “White女士被Jack的举动深深打动，决定当晚在网上分享这个故事。” 可知，第二段可描写故事发布到网上后引发的热烈反响，以及Jack最终获得公司帮助、丢失的电动车被找回的圆满结局。 2.续写线索：电动车被盗→心怀愧疚致歉→顾客谅解→步行送赔礼→顾客深受感动→网络分享走红→获得公司奖励与帮助→丢失车辆找回 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①展示：reveal/show/display ②走红：go viral/spread widely/become popular ③定位，找到：locate/find/discover/track down 情绪类 ①由衷的同情：heartfelt sympathy/sincere concern/genuine pity ②疲惫不堪的：exhausted/tired out/worn-out/fatigued 【点睛】[高分句型1] The door opened, revealing a woman whose expression shifted from curiosity to surprise and then to heartfelt sympathy as she saw the exhausted man before her. (运用了现在分词revealing作状语，whose引导的定语从句和as引导的时间状语从句) [高分句型2] Even when caught in his own storm, he still reached out to warm others.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句的省略) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 中山市第一中学2027届高二第二学期第一次段考 英语 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节 （共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A When daily chores and stress make life dull, there are always beautiful little joys and unique experiences to discover around us. Here, we’ve gathered some lovely finds for you, hoping you’ll pause from the hustle and enjoy these wonderful moments that brighten life. Copperwood Trail Connecting humans and horses, Copperwood Trail offers a diverse range of experiences in Whitchurch-Stouffville. From country coffee in the company of horses and Equine Assisted Learning sessions, to introductory courses on horse behaviour and body language, it has something for everyone. This peaceful family farm is committed to providing a safe, quiet rural escape for all visitors eager for close contact with animals and nature. Four Seasons Hotel To mark the arrival of summer, Four Seasons Hotel has opened its seasonal patio. With a new menu and annual mural installation, it shows respect for the French Riviera and Mediterranean coastline. The mural is created by Victoria Sequeira, who says, “I want to spark a visual journey for guests — one full of warmth, peace and a touch of Mediterranean magic.” River Cottage Since its debut (首次亮相) on British television’s Channel 4 in 1999, River Cottage has had a positive influence on the country’s eating habits and the welfare of its animals and fish. It’s currently home to a cookery school, dining experiences and a calendar of events. The attractive property also offers accommodation in its farmhouse as well as fantastic views of the surrounding Axe Valley. Green Hill Gardens Tucked away in the quiet countryside, the family-run Green Hill Gardens has a decades-long history. It offers gentle nature experiences like guided walks, flower tours, herb craft workshops and glasshouse afternoon tea. As a calm natural retreat, the garden follows eco-friendly practices to protect local wildlife, inviting visitors to slow down and enjoy nature’s simple beauty. 1. What is the purpose of this text? A. To introduce stress-relieving tips. B. To advertise popular attractions. C. To recommend pleasant getaways. D. To explore nature-friendly ways. 2. If you’re a mural lover, which will you choose? A. Copperwood Trail. B. Four Seasons Hotel. C. River Cottage. D. Green Hill Gardens. 3. What do Copperwood Trail and Green Hill Gardens have in common? A. They are managed by a family. B. They have eco-friendly practices. C. They focus on animal protection. D. They provide many craft activities. B My father loved lists. Over 25 years, he recorded 539 books he read and 322 episodes of Booknotes on C-SPAN, which he watched every Sunday night. He also kept grocery lists for his mini-fridge — Pepsi, coffee, heavy cream — and daily tasks. These notes filled small notebooks, always near his reading chair. He wrote them until December 31, 2004, when cancer stopped him. After his death, I gathered the notebooks into a box. For years, I couldn’t bear to open them. Born in 1927 in Lowell, Massachusetts, my father was the son of a leather factory worker and grandson of an Irish immigrant who cleaned horse manure from the streets. Despite his humble beginnings, he was brilliant. After a summer in the leather factory, he graduated high school at 16 and went on to Boston College. He served in World War II and later earned degrees in physics. Then he worked at MIT’s Lincoln Laboratory, moved his family from Lowell to Boston, and sent his kids to private colleges. It seemed he had left Lowell behind — but not so. Deep down, he saw himself simply as a working-class Lowell kid who had just read a lot of books. He didn’t travel much, and didn’t feel the need. When I asked if he regretted not seeing the world, he defended himself: “I’ve sailed the Atlantic in stormy winds, climbed the Himalayas, and stared down wild animals.” Then he added, “I read.” Books were his world. From them, he learned to survive landslides, shark attacks, and even gorilla attacks. He had what he called “a rich inner life” — and it was true. Shortly before his death, he opened a small purple notebook and began one last list. It described details from 1930s Lowell — things lost in time. Twenty years later, I found it. In his flowing handwriting, Dad reached back to Lowell — a time long gone, now captured only in memory. Lost and only in memory — that was how I was experiencing Dad now. Squinting my eyes, I saw not just the city he loved, but the quiet, extraordinary man I called Dad. 4. Why are the details of the father’s lists mentioned in Paragraph 1? A. To imply his fear of forgetting. B. To show his love for literature and cuisine. C. To reveal his reliance on control. D. To reflect his ordered and thoughtful life. 5. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean? A. He stayed humble and rooted. B. He struggled with his identity. C. His success originated from his roots. D. He felt torn about his background. 6. What does the father’s quote in Paragraph 3 mainly reveal? A. His dream of global travel. B. His pride in inner journeys. C. His desire for real adventure. D. His escape from physical world. 7. What is the main theme of the passage? A. Pursuit and action. B. Loss and regret. C. Ambition and escape. D. Memory and identity. C Each year, over 1.2 billion new smartphones are produced worldwide. This not only consumes significant energy and natural resources but also results in large amounts of electronic waste, as users often replace functional devices every few years. To address this issue, researchers have developed a new approach-transforming old phones into small-scale data centers for practical applications. “Innovation often begins not with something new, but with a new way of thinking about the old,” said Huber, an associate professor. The research team demonstrated that outdated smartphones can be transformed into tiny data centers capable of processing and storing data for real-world applications. They also found that building such a data center only costs around 8 euros per device, making it an economical solution. In their experiment, the scientists carefully removed the batteries to prevent chemical leakage and connected four old phones using 3D-printed cases. The system was powered externally and tested in practical environments. One successful trial of the new approach involved underwater sea life monitoring, where the device automatically recorded and analyzed sea species. Tasks that once required divers can now be handled directly by the device underwater. These reused devices show promise in other areas as well. For example, they could be applied at bus stops to monitor passenger flow patterns and help urban planners adjust public transportation schedules and routes. This approach not only reduces e-waste but also supports sustainable digital solutions for modern communities. “This smart, green approach rethinks our throwaway tech culture. Sustainability is not just about preserving the future but also about reimagining the present, turning yesterday’s devices into tomorrow’s solutions,” added Ulrich, an Associate Professor of Software Engineering. With minimal investment and creative thinking, outdated technology can serve new purposes, contributing to a greener digital society while effectively addressing the growing problem of electronic waste. 8. Which of the following best describes the new approach in paragraph 2? A. Time-saving. B. Cost-effective C. User-friendly. D. Labor-intensive. 9. What was a successful application of the new approach? A. Assisting divers in recording sea animals. B. Producing 3D-printed cases for ocean use C. Monitoring underwater life independently. D. Supplying power to underwater equipment. 10. What can we infer about the reused devices from paragraph 4? A. They predict the city traffic patterns. B. They inform passengers of bus arrivals. C. They help with smart city management D. They assess the work of urban planners. 11. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. The Global Smartphone Waste Problem B. A Green Solution: Repurposing Old Phones C. An Eco-Digital Guide: Electronic Engineering D. The Sustainability of Smart City Development D The science of our age is computational. Without models, simulations (模拟), statistical analysis, data storage and so on, our knowledge of the world would grow far more slowly. The late philosopher Paul Humphreys called this the “hybrid scenario” of science, where parts of the scientific process are assigned to computers. He also identified an “automated scenario”, where computers take over science completely. If such a scenario ever arrives, we would see a strange world indeed — the computational capacities for scientific reasoning, data processing, model-making and theorizing would far surpass our own abilities to the point that we humans are no longer needed. AI or artificial superintelligences may decide to explore scientific interests that human scientists are unmotivated to pursue, creating whole new paths of discovery. They might even gain knowledge about the world that lies beyond what our brains are capable of understanding. If the results of the completely automated scenario are beyond our comprehension, then why would we want to devote economic resources and intellectual talent towards its development? One reason may be that we think positive advancements will follow. A different reason would be aesthetic (美学的). There is something aesthetically pleasing in knowing that the world is being known, studied and understood. Alternatively, humanity might pursue the automated scenario out of beneficence: We think it would be good for the artificial superintelligences to pursue their own advanced science. Equally as many are those reasons why we might decide not to pursue the automated scenario. Perhaps, the discoveries the artificial superintelligence makes would generate new and terrible weapons. Perhaps, it’s simply the concern that some of the superintelligences will begin to experiment in ways that are dangerous, immoral or contrary to humanity’s shared values. So, what will we do? In Humphreys’s original presentation of the automated scenario, he suggested that the automated scenario would replace human science. Broader considerations point elsewhere. Our desires for understanding, explanation, knowledge and control will remain, and we cannot help but take action to address those desires — to continue to do science. We humans create beautiful things, pursue interhuman connection in friendship and romance, and find and construct meaning in life. The same holds true for our motivations for science. We will be stuck with our curiosity to understand and explain the natural world around us. If the automated scenario comes to pass, it seems that it will have to be as some new, alternative, secondary path — not a replacement, but an addition. Two species, pursuing science side by side, with different motivations, interests, frameworks and theories. Indeed, if we are to remain human, we must continue to pursue science. What are we, really, if we are not beauty-seeking, friendship-making, meaning-constructing, hopelessly curious animals? 12. What is the key difference between the hybrid and automated scenarios? A. The pace of scientific discovery. B. The level of computing efficiency. C. The range of machine domination. D. The depth of human understanding. 13. As for Humphreys’s argument in Paragraph 5, the author is ______. A. appreciative B. uncertain C. submissive D. unfavorable 14. What can be inferred from the passage? A. Scientific motivation is unique to humans. B. Humanity’s shared values need to be changed. C. Discoveries by AI might push past human boundaries. D. Humans should define the framework for AI development. 15. What does the author intend to tell us? A. Science plays a decisive role in who we are. B. The desire for scientific inquiry is here to stay. C. The automated scenario is bound to materialize. D. Humanity and machines work towards the same goal. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Have you ever thought about the origins of mathematics? Interestingly, unlike man-made inventions such as light bulbs or computers, mathematics isn’t something that was invented by someone. ____16____ And its discovery can’t even be attributed to one person. Instead, mathematics developed gradually over thousands of years through the contributions of many people! ____17____ No one can know for sure, but we can use our imaginations to think about how mathematics might have gotten its start. For example, if we go all the way back to prehistoric humans gathering peaches to eat, we can imagine how this basic task probably gave rise to a need for math. If you and your prehistoric friend gathered a basket full of peaches, you’d probably agree to divide them evenly (平均地). First, you’d need to know how many peaches you gathered. That means you’d need to count them. You might first need to come up with names for the basic units of measurement. ____18____ Similarly, division might have originated from the need to divide that pile of peaches. ____19____ And scientists believe that many basic mathematical functions, such as addition and multiplication appeared thousands of years ago in various areas at the same time, including China, India, Mesopotamia, and Egypt. More advanced mathematics is traced to ancient Greece over 2,500 years ago. ____20____ Since then, mathematical findings have inspired later mathematicians and scientists to build on predecessors’ work, continuously broadening our comprehension of mathematics and its connection to the world. A. How did it get started? B. When was it discovered? C. It’s really more of a discovery. D. They were the first to discover the basics of mathematics. E. Around this time, mathematics first became an organized science. F. This might be how counting and the earliest numbers came about. G. In fact, many mathematical principles were developed to meet practical needs. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Before Elaine left the Antarctic, she was determined to see a penguin — up close. She had spotted a few, but only from far away. But that night, when someone said there was a penguin on the ice outside the station, Elaine rushed out. A frosty wind circled, a(n) ____21____. Elaine knew the weather could change ____22____. Although the icy plain looked solid, its sheet was in constant ____23____. Crevasses (冰裂缝) hid beneath the snowy surface. Rows of blue and red flags ____24____ a safe path through this dangerous zone. It was ____25____ the rules to approach a penguin. So she had to wait and see if the bird would come to her. She held her breath, concentrated on the penguin waddling toward her and ____26____ it to keep coming. Soon the bird stood just in front of her, with its eyes ____27____ with hers. So sweet! ____28____ she leaned into the blowing wind and followed the bird farther out on the ice, away from the station. Suddenly, a strong gust knocked her off her feet. Elaine rolled over and over until she found herself lying on a thin skin of ice above a blue-crevasse. Crunch! She dropped a little lower. If she ____29____, she’d drop into the crevasse, where nobody would even find her. Then the wind ____30____. In a sudden quiet, Elaine felt someone near, her penguin! Seeing Elaine move, the bird walked away, then stopped and looked back, which seemed to invite her to follow. Cracks ____31____ around her. She made up her mind. She would trust her bird. She spread her arms on the ice like wings, keeping her body ____32____ and spreading her weight across the fragile surface. She pushed forward on her belly, ____33____ ahead. The penguin wove a trail between the cracks. Elaine scraped along behind, ____34____ time as she focused on following the penguin’s path. Finally, with one last ____35____ of her arms, Elaine crawled after her penguin onto solid, white ice. Safety! 21. A. pressure B. warning C. prediction D. impression 22. A. in a heartbeat B. in a row C. in a hurry D. in a way 23. A. evolution B. consumption C. motion D. progression 24. A. strengthened B. marked C. decorated D. crossed 25. A. for B. among C. against D. of 26. A. considered B. permitted C. willed D. forced 27. A. level B. parallel C. opposite D. equal 28. A. Fortunately B. Reluctantly C. Intentionally D. Unconsciously 29. A. broke out B. broke down C. broke in D. broke through 30. A. died B. followed C. returned D. worsened 31. A. declined B. spiderwebbed C. melted D. accumulated 32. A. flexible B. flat C. twisted D. bent 33. A. rushing B. sliding C. inching D. diving 34. A. losing track of B. losing control of C. taking note of D. running out of 35. A. raise B. wave C. shake D. pull 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Scots may well have standardized golf as we know it, making ____36____ a game of 18 holes. But it is still uncertain ____37____ first came up with the idea. The Romans played a game called paganica, in which a ball stuffed with feathers and wool ____38____ (hit) with a bent stick, while the Dutch played a stick-and-ball game called colf as early as the 13th century. But the most interesting — and in many ways convincing — evidence ever ____39____ (document) of an early version of golf comes from China. A game called chuiwan became popular in the Song dynasty. Players used ten clubs to hit wooden balls towards ____40____ (bright) coloured flags — sound familiar? They had a club for long distances, a precursor (前身) of the modern-day driver, and the tee was called the ji, or base ____41____ English. There was even an early version of the R&A Rules of Golf: Wan Jing, or The Classic of the Ball, published during the Yuan dynasty. It ____42____ (lay) out the rules, and placed great ____43____ (emphasize) on sportsmanship and correct behaviour — similar to modern golf. There’s also a reference in an ancient book to an official of the Southern Tang dynasty ____44____ (tell) his daughter to “dig holes in the ground” so he could hit a ball into them using a special stick. The game seems ____45____ (die) out in China during the Qing dynasty, but it certainly qualifies as a royal and ancient game. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华。你班英语课开展“课前一分钟看图说话”活动。请根据以下漫画写一则发言稿。 写作内容： 1. 描述漫画内容； 2. 谈谈你的看法。 注意：词数80左右；格式已给出。 Good morning, everyone! ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you! 第二节 （满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 On a cold, damp evening in mid-November, a sharp wind cut through the streets, but Jack paid little attention to the chill. As a delivery rider, he had just finished a few smooth orders, his hands warm from the hot milk tea cups he’d been carrying, and his spirits fairly good. Stepping out of a milk tea shop, he found the spot where his second-hand electric bike had been parked now empty. In an instant, his heart sank, and a wave of hopelessness swept over him, turning his calm evening into a nightmare. That bike was far more than just a vehicle; it was his lifeline, the only way for him to earn daily income and cover his living expenses. Panic set in as he remembered the undelivered orders — especially a cup of hot milk tea for Ms. White, a regular customer. His hand trembled as he pressed the voice button, his words laced with sorrow and anxiety as he apologized repeatedly, offering to pay for the undelivered drink. To his great surprise, Ms. White did not respond with anger or complaint, but with gentle kindness. Ms. White told him not to worry and to take his time finding his bike. Her understanding words calmed him, but also deepened his sense of responsibility. “She is so kind. I cannot let her down,” he thought. For nearly two hours, he searched every nearby street, but there was no sign of his bike. As night grew darker and the wind bit harder, Jack clenched his fists and made a firm decision. He took out his poor savings, bought a bag of fresh apples and a new cup of hot milk tea, then set off on foot to Ms. White’s apartment, several kilometers away. The wind bit into his thin jacket, and his old shoes grew heavy with mud, but the thought of keeping his promise and maintaining his integrity kept him moving forward through the dimly lit urban landscape. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Finally, breathless, Jack reached Ms. White’s doorstep and rang the bell. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Deeply moved by Jack’s action, Ms. White decided to share the story online that night. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $