内容正文:
Unit 1 Teenagers today(复习讲义)
复习要点
1、围绕“Teenagers today”主题,复习青少年应有的品质、职责担当和在国家发展中的作用。
2、重点掌握青少年应有的品质、职责担当词汇、短语、句子及21个常考知识点
复习重难点
重点:原因状语从句、条件状语从句的用法
难点:原因状语从句as, because, since和for的区别
条件状语从句的时态、if引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别
单元考点:单词、短语、句型
一.重点单词
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1. 使大为惊奇
2. 发布
3. 弄死,杀死
4. 老式的,过时的
5. 感兴趣的
6. 令人惊奇的,使人吃惊的,出人意料的
7. 全神贯注的
8. 青少年的
9. 富有的,富裕的
10. 独立的,自主的
11. 在国外
12. 除非……
13. 在……(人员)中,是……之一
二.重点短语
1. 在可靠的人手里;受到妥善照管
2. 高中
3. (变得)生动有趣,引人入胜,激动人心
4. 出生于某种家庭、环境等
5. 参加,参与
6. 使某人惊讶的是
7. 大量收到
8. 坚持下去
9. 是与生俱来的特征,是家族的遗传
10. 对某事物感兴趣
11. 全神贯注于某事,专心于某事
12. 盯着某物看
13. 使(某人)注意
14. 国内外
15. 民间艺术
16. 有危险
17. 鼓励某人做某事
18. 在某事中发挥某人的作用
19. 解决问题
20. 国家公园
21. 结果
22. 在……岁时
23. 害怕
24. ……的关键
25. 世纪之交/新年之始
26. 呼吁,号召
27. 承担责任
28. 采取行动(做某事)
29. ……的力量
30. 创建一个光明的未来
31. 创造历史,做出名垂青史的重要事情
三.重点句型
1. 今天的年轻人就是明天的领导者。The of today are the of tomorrow.
2. 然而,当我成为一名青少年时,情况发生了变化。However, things when I became a .
3. 我突然意识到一个事实——我有责任将这门艺术继承下去,因为对木偶的热爱早已融入我的血液之中。
A hit me—it was my to keep the art because the love for puppets was in my blood.
4. 随着越来越多的人参与进来,我相信这项传统艺术的魅力将永存!
With more and more people in, I the magic of this traditional art will last forever!
5. 青年是聪明的创造者和思考者。Young people are clever and .
6. 我真佩服他!I really him!
7. 《少年中国说》是他最著名的作品之一。“The Young China” is .
8. 梁启超认为青年是国家的希望。Liang that young people were the .
9. 他形容他们充满活力和希望。He them energy and hope.
10. 这些句子虽然简短,但寓意明确:当青年成长,国家也随之成长。
The sentences are , but the message is : when young people , the nation
, too.
11. 虽然这将是一项艰巨的任务,但是梁启超相信中国青年会创造历史。
it would be a hard task, Liang that China's youth would .
12. 少年智则国智。 .
13. 美哉,我少年中国,与天不老!
14. 壮哉,我中国少年,与国无疆!
15. 他/她为我们树立了良好的榜样。He/She for us.
四.重点知识解析
知识点1 I didn’t want to take part in the performance unless I was asked to.我不想参与表演,除非有人让我这么做。(教材P5)
考点1 take part in参加,参与
该短语中,part前一般不用冠词,但当part前有形容词修饰时,形容词前可加不定冠词。
Students can take part in different activities to learn something new.学生可以参加不同的活动来学习新知识。
She took an active part in acting in the theater group.她积极参加剧团的演出。
【易混辨析】 take part in与join
take part in
侧重指参加会议或群众性活动,并在其中发挥作用。
join
侧重指加入某个团体、机构或组织,成为其中一员,如参军、入团、入党等。
【语境串记】
I an English club and many activities to improve my spoken English last month.上个月,为了
提高我的英语口语水平,我加入了一个英语俱乐部,并参加了很多活动。
【即时小练】
完成句子,每空一词。
仔细思考之后,她下定决心参加环保慈善义演。
After thinking carefully, she decided to _____ _____ ___ a green charity show.
考点2 performance /pəˈfɔ:məns/ n.表演;演出
由“perform(v.表演,演出)+-ance(名词后缀)”构成。
Her wonderful performance was praised by many people.她精彩的表演得到了许多人的赞扬。
词形拓展
【语境串记】
Lucy’s sister is a talented . We are watching her in the theatre. She very well.
露西的姐姐是一名有天赋的表演者。我们正在剧院观看她的演出。她演得非常好。
考点3 unless /ʌnˈles/ conj. 除非……
引导条件状语从句。如果主句为一般将来时、祈使句或主句谓语含有情态动词,从句常用一般现在时表将来。
Unless it tomorrow, we camping.如果明天不下雨,我们就去野营。
TV unless you your homework.除非你完成家庭作业,否则不要看电视。
You taking exercise unless you about your health.你应该坚持锻炼,除非你不在乎你的健康。
用法拓展
unless通常情况下可与if...not结构进行转换。
Unless we are careful, we can’t do our work well.=If we are not careful, we can’t do our work well.如果不仔细的话,我们就不能把工作做好。
【即时小练】
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
Unless you (have)a healthy mind, you won’t have a healthy lifestyle.
知识点2 The beautiful puppets and their exciting movements amazed me.精美的木偶和扣人心弦的动作让我惊叹不已。(教材P5)
考点amaze /əˈmeɪz/ v.使大为惊奇
amaze sb.使某人感到惊奇
【固定搭配】It amazes sb. how/what/that...让某人感到惊讶的是……
His music talent amazed me.他的音乐天赋让我吃惊。
It amazes me how much she has improved.她进步很大,让我感到很惊讶。
词形拓展
adj.大为惊奇的
adj.令人大为惊奇的
n.吃惊,惊奇
知识点3 I posted my doubts online: “Well, should I continue?” 我把自己的疑虑发到了网上:“那么,我应该继续吗?”(教材P5)
考点post /pəʊst/ v.发布
She a photo on WeChat.她在微信上发布了一张照片。
Could you the news on the website?你能把这个消息发布在网站上吗?
词义拓展
知识点4 To my surprise, the post was flooded with warm answers.让我惊讶的是,这篇帖子收到了许多热情的回复。(教材P5)
考点be flooded with大量收到
此处flood作动词,意为“ (大量地)涌入,涌来” 。
The office was flooded complaints.事务所收到了大量投诉。
The village was with donations after the earthquake.地震后,这个村庄收到了大量捐款。
用法拓展
flood[名词]洪水
Many houses were washed away by the .许多房子被洪水冲走了。
知识点5 Many people expressed their love for the art and encouraged me hold on.许多人表达了对这门艺术的喜爱,并鼓励我坚持下去。(教材P5)
考点hold on的用法
坚持下去
They managed to hold on until help arrived.他们设法坚持到救援到来。
等着;停住
Hold on!I’ll just get my coat.等一等!我去拿外套。
(电话用语)别挂断
Can you hold on? I’ll try to find her.请别挂断好吗?我去找找她。
抓紧;抓住
He held on to the chair to stop himself from falling.他抓住椅子,以免摔倒。
知识点6 A truth hit me—it was my responsibility to keep the art alive because the love for puppets was in my blood.我突然意识到一个事实——传承这门艺术是我的责任,因为对木偶的爱早已融入我的血液。(教材P5)
考点blood /blʌd/ n. 血,血液
be/run in sb.’s blood是与生俱来的特征,是家族的遗传
a drop of blood一滴血
blood group/type血型
give blood献血
Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。
He lost a lot of during the operation.他在手术中失血很多。
Both her parents are painters, so art is in her .她的父母都是画家,所以她天生就有艺术细胞。
What group are you?=What blood type do you have? 你是什么血型?
词形拓展
bleed v.流血,失血
His nose is .他的鼻子在流血。
知识点7The art will be popular again if young people are interested in it.如果年轻人对这门艺术感兴趣,它就会再次流行起来。(教材P5)
考点interested /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ adj.感兴趣的
【易混辨析】 interested与interesting
interested
感兴趣的
①表示人的主观感受;
②常作表语;
③常用于be/get interested in (doing) sth.“对(做)……感兴趣”结构。
interesting
有趣的
①通常表示事物本身具有的性质、特征等;
②可作表语或定语。
【即时小练】
—How do you like my poem Moonlight?
—I it. It’s about the beauty of nature.
A. am interested in
B. am worried about
C. am thankful for
知识点8 When I finished, I saw something surprising: the students were completely lost in the show. 表演结束时,我看到了令人惊奇的一幕:同学们完全沉浸在表演中。(教材P5)
考点1 surprising /səˈpraɪzɪŋ/ adj. 令人惊奇的,使人吃惊的,出人意料的
【易混辨析】 surprising, surprised与surprise
surprising
形容词
令人惊奇的,使人吃惊的
通常修饰物,说明事物本身的性质、特征等
surprised
形容词
惊奇的;感觉意外的
通常用来表示人的主观感受
surprise
动词
使惊讶;使感到意外
surprise sb.使某人惊讶
surprise
名词
惊讶,意外;令人惊奇的事
It is not that DIY is so popular. DIY如此受欢迎并不让人吃惊。
I was to see James’ name there!我很惊讶看到詹姆斯的名字在那里!
During break time, Mr Johnson us with another treat.课间休息时,约翰逊老师又给了我们一个惊喜。
To our , the film Ne Zha 2 has achieved such a huge success.令我们惊讶的是,电影《哪吒2》取得了如此巨大的成功。
【语境串记】
To my , Jack isn’t at the news.令我吃惊的是,杰克对这个令人惊讶的消息并不感到惊讶。
【即时小练】
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
We weren’t _________(surprise) that she won the talent competition. She sings very well.
考点2 lost /lɒst/ adj. 全神贯注的
【固定搭配】be lost in sth.全神贯注于某事,专心于某事
He was in the novel and didn’t want to go to bed.他沉浸在小说里,不想上床睡觉。
Martin was in thought and did not hear the door open.马丁陷入沉思之中,没有听到门开了。
知识点9 Since then, my puppet shows have drawn more attention both from home and abroad.从此,我的木偶表演在国内外都引起了更多的关注。(教材P5)
考点1 attention /əˈtenʃən/ n.注意
【固定搭配】draw (sb.’s) attention (to...)使(某人)注意(……)
pay attention to注意;关注
上面两个短语中的to为介词,其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
This film has drawn great .这个电影引起了极大的关注。
We should pay more attention to our traditional folk arts like puppet shows.我们应当更加关注保护木偶戏这类民间传统艺术。
考点2 abroad /əˈbrɔ:d/ adv. 在国外#2
【固定搭配】go abroad 出国
home and abroad 国内外
He went for further study several years ago and now comes back to his hometown.几年前他出国留学,现在回到了他的家乡。
Many internet users at enjoy our online videos.国内外许多网友都喜欢我们的网络视频。
知识点10 We want to start a programme to protect our local folk arts...我们想启动一个保护本地民间艺术的计划……(教材P7)
考点programme /ˈprəʊɡræm/ n.计划,方案
A teacher started an “A Poem A Day” to share Chinese culture with the world.一位老师启动了 “每日一诗”计划,旨在与世界分享中国文化。
The fitness helped him lose 5 kilos in a month. 这个健身方案帮他在一个月内减掉了5千克。
词义拓展
[名词](电视、广播等)节目
Did you see that on cooking last night? 昨晚你看那个关于烹饪的节目了吗?
知识点11 Then,we can work as volunteers at the museum.之后,我们可以在博物馆做志愿者。(教材P7)
考点volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ n. 志愿者,义务工作者
(voluntary adj.自愿的;志愿的)
All over the world on World Animal Day, raise money for animal centres and social organisations.在世界动物日,全世界的志愿者为动物中心和社会组织筹集资金。
As a , he helps to check the area’s sanitation conditions and safety risks for the community.作为一名志愿者,他协助检查片区的卫生状况和安全隐患。
词义拓展 [动词]自愿做;义务做
【固定搭配】volunteer as...自愿充当……
volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事;义务做某事
I volunteered a guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.上周末我自愿在成都博物馆当向导。
We volunteered clean up our city park.我们自愿打扫我们的城市公园。
知识点12 Colourful Folk Arts Group 多彩民间艺术小组(教材P7)
考点group /ɡru:p/ n. 组,群;团体
【固定搭配】a group of...一组/群/批……(其后常跟可数名词复数)
in groups成群地;分组
students are cleaning the classroom.一群学生正在打扫教室。
The students often study .这些学生经常分组学习。
知识点13 a news report新闻报道(教材P9)
考点report /rɪˈpɔ:t/ n.报道 ( reporter n.记者)
【固定搭配】write a report写报告
make/give a report做报告
表示“关于……的报告”时常用介词of/on/about。
I’m about the future jobs.我正在写一份关于未来职业的报告。
Can you on English writing in our school?你能在我们学校做个关于英语写作的报告吗?
词义拓展 [动词]报道;报告
【固定搭配】It’s reported that...据报道……
When should I report to you?我应该什么时候向你汇报?
that the lovely flowers of my neighbourhood have attracted lots of tourists. 据报道,我家附近美丽的花朵吸引了大量游客。
知识点14 Farmers have to kill the lions to protect their cows. 农民们不得不杀死狮子来保护他们的奶牛。(教材P10)
考点kill /kɪl/ v. 弄死,杀死
既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词。
In the past, some people tigers for money.过去,一些人为了钱而捕杀老虎。(作及物动词,后接tigers作宾语)
Smoking can .吸烟可能会致人死亡。(作不及物动词)
词义拓展
[动词]消磨(时间),打发
We always play Chinese chess to time. 我们总是下中国象棋来消磨时间。
知识点15 Liang Qichao was a well-known writer and educator in China.梁启超是中国著名的作家和教育家。(教材P12)
考点educator /ˈedjʊkeɪtə/ n. 教育家
由“educate(v.教育)去e+-or(名词后缀)”构成。
Ye Shengtao was a respected educator in China.叶圣陶是中国一位受人尊敬的教育家。
Every good educator cares about students’ growth.每一位优秀的教育工作者都关心学生的成长。
词形拓展
【语境串记】
A good tries his/her best to young people. He/She believes that good is important for everyone, and he/she always chooses activities to help students grow.优秀的教育工作者尽全力教育年轻人。他/她相信良好的教育对每个人都很重要,并且总会选择有教育意义的活动帮助学生成长。
知识点16 Liang believed that young people were the hope of the nation.梁启超认为年轻人是国家的希望。(教材P12)
考点nation /ˈneɪʃən/ n. 国家
Our has a long history and rich culture. 我们的国家有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化。
This is an important moment in our history. 这是我们国家历史上的重要时刻。
词形拓展
national adj.国家的;民族的
international adj.国际的
【语境串记】
We take pride in our culture. At the meetings, we show the best of our to the world.我们为我们的民族文化感到自豪。在国际会议上,我们向
世界展示我们国家最好的一面。
知识点17 In “The Young China”, he called on young people to shoulder the responsibility and take action to make China strong and energetic.在《少年中国说》中,他号召年轻人肩负起责任,采取行动,使中国变得强大而充满活力。(教材P12)
考点1 shoulder the responsibility承担责任
其后接宾语时,常用for引出。
Every person should learn to for his/her own actions.每个人都应学会为自己的行为承担责任。
The local government would caring for the children.当地政府将承担照料这些孩子的责任。
考点2 take action采取行动
可单独使用,也可后接动词不定式。
【固定搭配】take action to do sth.采取行动做某事
If more countries start to like China, the earth will become a greener planet.如果更多国家像中国一样开始采取行动,地球将会变成一个更绿意盎然的星球。
Everyone should save water in daily life.每个人都应该在日常生活中采取行动来节约用水。
【即时小练】
根据汉语提示完成句子。
We will ___________ to stop water pollution near the lake tomorrow. (采取行动)
知识点18 He described them as full of energy and hope.他形容年轻人充满活力与希望。(教材P12)
考点energy(energetic adj.精力充沛的,充满活力的) /ˈenədʒi/ n.力量,活力
既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词。
Our new teacher is full of .我们新来的老师精力充沛。(作不可数名词)
She put all her into her work.她把全部精力都投入到了工作中。(作可数名词)
词义拓展
[名词]能源
We use from the sun to heat the water.我们利用太阳能来给水加热。
知识点19 Although it would be a hard task, Liang believed that China’s youth would make history.虽然这将是一项艰巨的任务,但是梁启超相信中国青年会创造历史。(教材P13)
考点youth /ju:θ/ n. 青年,年轻人
通常与定冠词the连用。
The youth of today are more interested in science and technology.当今的年轻人对科技更感兴趣。
We should encourage the youth to learn from great role models.我们应当鼓励年轻人向优秀榜样学习。
词义拓展
[不可数名词]青年时期(尤指成年以前)
in sb.’s youth某人年轻时
My aunt studied Spanish in her youth.我姑妈年轻时学过西班牙语。
知识点20 If we are wealthy, China will be wealthy...少年富则国富……(教材P13)
考点wealthy ( 近义词:rich 反义词:poor“贫穷的”)
/ˈwelθi/ adj. 富有的,富裕的
由“wealth(n.财富)+-y(形容词后缀)”构成。其比较级
为wealthier,最高级为wealthiest。
the wealthy 富人;有钱人
He appeared to be a gentleman while he really was a poor painter.他看上去是个富有的绅士,而实际上是一个贫穷的画家。
词缀拓展
-y常加在名词后,构成形容词。如:
health n.健康—healthy adj.健康的
luck n.幸运—lucky adj.幸运的
【即时小练】
所给单词的适当形式填空。
China is developing quickly and it’s _________(wealth) and more powerful than ever before.
知识点21 If we are independent, China will be independent...少年独立则国独立……(教材P13)
考点independent /ˌɪndəˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的,自主的
由“in-(否定前缀)+dependent(adj. 依赖的)”构成。
learning teaches children to be responsible for themselves.独立学习教会孩子们对自己负责。
The earlier kids learn to be , the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立,对他们的未来就越好。
词形拓展
independence[不可数名词]独立
I want to live a life of .我想独立生活。
单元语法:原因状语从句 、条件状语从句
原因状语从句
一.定义
原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的。是由because(因为);since(因为;由于);as(因为);for(因为);now that(既然;由于)等从属连词引导的状语从句。如:
I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill. 我昨天没去上学,因为我生病了。
---- Why can’t I go? 为什么我不能去?---- Because you’re too young. 因为你年纪太小了。
Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了,让我们开始开会吧.
As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好,你就不该熬夜.
As (Since) you are not feeling well, you’d better stay at home. 既然你不太舒服,还是留在家里的好。
I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. 我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了,让我们开始我们的会议。
二.as, because, since和for的区别
①because(因为)如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。对于以why开头的问句,一般只能用because引导的从句来回答。如:
I missed the train because I got up late. 我错过了火车因为我起晚了。
②since(因为;由于;既然)和as(因为),如果原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其余部分重要,就用as或since,since比as稍微正式一些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。如:
Since this method doesn’t work, let’s try another. 既然这种方法不行,我们试试另一个。
As he was not well, I decided to go there without him. 因为他身体不好,我决定独自去了。
③for(因为)表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,因此,for引导的从句可以放在括号里,而且for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如:
I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry. 我决定停下来吃午饭,因为我觉得非常饿。
条件状语从句
一.定义
条件状语从句是由if(如果);unless=if not(除非;如果不);as/so long as(只要)等从属连词引导的状语从句。可分为真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件状语从句,在初中阶段只学习真实条件状语从句。如:
Please call me if he is at home. 假如他在家的话,请给我打电话。
As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着, 我就要学习。
Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 我们出去散步,除非你太累了。
If you are not too tied, let’s go out for a walk. 如果你不太累,让我们出去散散步。
二.条件状语从句的时态
一般来说条件状语从句的主句与从句的时态要前后一致。但条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样,如果主句谓语动词用一般将来时,从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来时间。如:
I won’t go there with you if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨的话,我就不和你一起去那儿了。
You will fail unless you study hard. = You will fail if you don’t study hard. 除非你努力学习,否则你会考不及格的。
三.条件状语从句主从句的位置
大多数情况下,从句可位于主句前,也可位于主句后。如从句在前时,主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。如:
Please tell me if he comes back. = If he comes back, please tell me. 如果他回来了,请告诉我一声。
四.条件状语从句和主句还有一个共同的伙伴,有时它可以替代从句和主句,它就是“祈使句+and / or+简单句”。其中and表示句意顺承;or则表示转折,意为“否则”。它们可以和if引导的条件状语从句互换。如:
If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train.=Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 如果你不快点儿,你就赶不上火车了。
If you work harder, you’ll pass the exam.=Work harder, and you’ll pass the exam. 如果你再努力些,你就会通过考试。
五.if引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别
if既可以引导宾语从句又可以引导状语从句。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,意为“是否”,遵循宾语从句的时态规则;充当从属连词,引导条件状语从句时,意为“如果”,若主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。
① We will go out if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好,我们就出去。
② I don’t know if the train has arrived. 我不知道火车是否到了。
句①中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”,整个句子的意思是“如果明天天气好,我们就出去”。句②中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语,整个句子意思是“我不知道火车是否到了”。
(时间:40分钟)
一.用所给单词的适当形式填空.
1. The young __________(perform) draws all people’s attention.
2. This wonderful __________(perform) is about puppetry.
3. As __________(teenage), we should shoulder our own responsibility.
4. We are __________(surprise) at his great creativity.
5. He is full of __________(create) and new ideas.
6. We should learn to be __________(independence) teenagers.
7. We must protect __________(tradition) art like puppetry.
8. His __________(wise) helps us solve lots of problems.
9. The famous __________(educate) gives us a speech today.
10. Our __________(young) is full of energy and dreams.
二.根据首字母提示完成短文填空.
Nowadays, t______1 have more chances to show themselves. A young p______2 loves puppetry, an old t______3 art.
His d______4 is to keep this art a______5 and pass it on h______6 and abroad. He knows it is his r______7.
He draws people’s a______8 with his lifelike puppet shows. He wants to set an e______9 for other young people and call on them to t______10 action to protect traditional treasures.
三.汉译英.
1. 我们有责任传承传统木偶艺术。
It’s our duty to keep puppet art __________ and __________ it on.
2. 这位年轻表演者在国内外引起了广泛关注。
The young performer draws wide __________ home and __________.
3. 作为青少年,我们应当承担保护传统文化的责任。
As teenagers, we should __________ the __________ of protecting traditional culture.
4. 我们应该向优秀青年学习,为他人树立榜样。
We should __________ from good youth and set an __________ for others.
5. 除非我们采取行动,否则古老艺术将会消失。
__________ we take __________, ancient art will disappear.
6. 我十分期待观看这场精彩的木偶表演。
I look __________ to __________ this fantastic puppet show.
7. 我们可以用自己的方式让传统文化焕发生机。
We can make traditional culture come to life __________ our own __________.
8. 他为自己传承非遗文化而感到自豪。
He is __________ of passing on the cultural __________.
9. 在日常生活中,我们有很多机会面对困难。
In __________ life, we get many chances to __________ difficulties.
10. 这位充满智慧的教育家激励了无数当代青少年。
This wise __________ __________ thousands of teenagers today.
四.用所给词的适当形式填空
1. If it (be) sunny tomorrow, we (go) hiking.
2. If you (not study) hard, you (fail) the exam.
3. (since/because) you are free today, let's visit the museum.
4. He didn't come to school he was seriously ill. (because/since)
5. you understand the rules, you can start. (Since/Because)
6. Unless she (practice) every day, she can't improve her English.
7. If water (freeze), it turns into ice.
8. (since/because) everyone is here, let's begin the class.
9. I will help you you need me. (if/unless)
10. Don't trust him he often tells lies. (because/if)
五.用because, since或if填空
1. you don't like the plan, we can change it.
2. light travels faster than sound, we see lightning first.
3. it snows heavily tomorrow, the school will be closed.
4. He is popular he is kind and helpful.
5. you have finished the work, you can go home now.
六.完成句子
1.There will be a basketball game unless it rains. (改为同义句)
There will be a basketball game ________ it ________ rain.
2.Unless you lose weight, you will have health problems. (保持句意不变)
________ you ________ lose weight, you will have health problems.
3.If he doesn’t ask for help, he won’t be able to finish the job.
He won’t be able to finish the job ________ he ________ for help. (保持句意不变)
4.他现在相信,除非他努力学习,否则他的梦想不会实现。
Now he believes that ________ ________ ________ ________, his dream won’t come true.
5.只要我们继续好好发挥,我们就会不断赢得比赛。
________ ________ ________ we keep playing well, we’ll keep winning games.
6.他昨天没来上学,因为生病了。
He didn’t come to school yesterday ________ he ________ ill.
7.She practised hard every day and that was why she improved a lot in English speaking.
She made great ________ in English speaking ________ she practised hard every day.
8.He didn’t go to school because of his illness. (改为同义句)
He didn’t go to school ________ ________ ________ ________.
七.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last Friday morning, Tom woke up late. He was in such a hurry that he knocked over a cup of milk. “What 1 unlucky day!” he thought. After cleaning up quickly, he ran to the bus stop.
While he 2 (wait) for the bus, an old man stood next to him and coughed loudly. Tom felt a bit annoyed and moved away without saying anything. The old man noticed his 3 (polite) behaviour but said nothing. Then the bus arrived. Tom rushed onto the bus and took the only empty seat. A few minutes later, an old lady got on. Tom pretended to look out of the window. The bus driver said, “Someone, please offer the seat to the elderly.” Tom still didn’t move. 4 a result, a young girl stood up and gave her seat to the old lady. It made him 5 (embarrass).
Tom saw the smile on the old lady’s face. To his 6 (surprising), he felt a sudden sense of shame. He realized that his bad 7 (manner) made others uncomfortable. “You won’t feel happy 8 you learn to care about others,” he said to himself.
After getting off the bus, Tom met his friend Mike. Mike told him that he was used to 9 (help) others on the bus. That made Tom think deeper. From that day on, Tom decided to change. He started to behave 10 (terrible) differently — in a good way. He learned that being kind doesn’t cost anything, but it brings a lot. Now, he always tries to be a better person every single day.
$Unit 1 Teenagers today(复习讲义)
复习要点
1、围绕“Teenagers today”主题,复习青少年应有的品质、职责担当和在国家发展中的作用。
2、重点掌握青少年应有的品质、职责担当词汇、短语、句子及21个常考知识点
复习重难点
重点:原因状语从句、条件状语从句的用法
难点:原因状语从句as, because, since和for的区别
条件状语从句的时态、if引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别
单元考点:单词、短语、句型
一.重点单词
6
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1. 使大为惊奇amaze
2. 发布 post
3. 弄死,杀死kill
4. 老式的,过时的old-fashioned
5. 感兴趣的interested
6. 令人惊奇的,使人吃惊的,出人意料的surprising
7. 全神贯注的lost
8. 青少年的teenage
9. 富有的,富裕的wealthy
10. 独立的,自主的independent
11. 在国外abroad
12. 除非……unless
13. 在……(人员)中,是……之一among
二.重点短语
1. 在可靠的人手里;受到妥善照管in safe hands
2. 高中 high school
3. (变得)生动有趣,引人入胜,激动人心come to life
4. 出生于某种家庭、环境等be born into sth
5. 参加,参与take part in
6. 使某人惊讶的是to sb's surprise
7. 大量收到be flooded with
8. 坚持下去 hold on
9. 是与生俱来的特征,是家族的遗传.be in sb's blood
10. 对某事物感兴趣 be interested in sth
11. 全神贯注于某事,专心于某事be lost in sth
12. 盯着某物看 be glued to sth
13. 使(某人)注意draw (sb's) attention
14. 国内外 home and abroad
15. 民间艺术 folk arts
16. 有危险 be in danger
17. 鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb to do sth
18. 在某事中发挥某人的作用 play one's part in sth
19. 解决问题 solve problems
20. 国家公园 national park
21. 结果 as a result
22. 在……岁时 at the age of
23. 害怕 be scared of
24. ……的关键 the key to
25. 世纪之交/新年之始the turn of the century/year
26. 呼吁,号召 call on
27. 承担责任 shoulder the responsibility
28. 采取行动(做某事)take action (to do sth)
29. ……的力量 the strength of
30. 创建一个光明的未来 build a bright future
31. 创造历史,做出名垂青史的重要事情 make history
三.重点句型
1. 今天的年轻人就是明天的领导者。The youth of today are the leaders of tomorrow.
2. 然而,当我成为一名青少年时,情况发生了变化。However, things changed when I became a teenager.
3. 我突然意识到一个事实——我有责任将这门艺术继承下去,因为对木偶的热爱早已融入我的血液之中。
A truth hit me—it was my responsibility to keep the art alive because the love for puppets was in my blood.
4. 随着越来越多的人参与进来,我相信这项传统艺术的魅力将永存!
With more and more people joining in, I believe the magic of this traditional art will last forever!
5. 青年是聪明的创造者和思考者。Young people are clever creators and thinkers.
6. 我真佩服他!I really admire him!
7. 《少年中国说》是他最著名的作品之一。“The Young China” is one of his most famous works.
8. 梁启超认为青年是国家的希望。Liang believed that young people were the hope of the nation.
9. 他形容他们充满活力和希望。He described them as full of energy and hope.
10. 这些句子虽然简短,但寓意明确:当青年成长,国家也随之成长。
The sentences are short, but the message is clear: when young people grow, the nation grow, too.
11. 虽然这将是一项艰巨的任务,但是梁启超相信中国青年会创造历史。
Although it would be a hard task, Liang believed that China's youth would make history.
12. 少年智则国智。If we are wise, China will be wise.
13. 美哉,我少年中国,与天不老!So beautiful is our young China.It will stand forever in the world!
14. 壮哉,我中国少年,与国无疆!So strong are our Chinese youth.They will rise along with our motherland!
15. 他/她为我们树立了良好的榜样。He/She sets a good example for us.
四.重点知识解析
知识点1 I didn’t want to take part in the performance unless I was asked to.我不想参与表演,除非有人让我这么做。(教材P5)
考点1 take part in参加,参与
该短语中,part前一般不用冠词,但当part前有形容词修饰时,形容词前可加不定冠词。
Students can take part in different activities to learn something new.学生可以参加不同的活动来学习新知识。
She took an active part in acting in the theater group.她积极参加剧团的演出。
【易混辨析】 take part in与join
take part in
侧重指参加会议或群众性活动,并在其中发挥作用。
join
侧重指加入某个团体、机构或组织,成为其中一员,如参军、入团、入党等。
【语境串记】
I joined an English club and took part in many activities to improve my spoken English last month.上个月,为了
提高我的英语口语水平,我加入了一个英语俱乐部,并参加了很多活动。
【即时小练】
完成句子,每空一词。
仔细思考之后,她下定决心参加环保慈善义演。
After thinking carefully, she decided to _____ _____ ___ a green charity show.
【答案】take part in
考点2 performance /pəˈfɔ:məns/ n.表演;演出
由“perform(v.表演,演出)+-ance(名词后缀)”构成。
Her wonderful performance was praised by many people.她精彩的表演得到了许多人的赞扬。
词形拓展
【语境串记】
Lucy’s sister is a talented performer. We are watching her performance in the theatre. She performs very well.
露西的姐姐是一名有天赋的表演者。我们正在剧院观看她的演出。她演得非常好。
考点3 unless /ʌnˈles/ conj. 除非……
引导条件状语从句。如果主句为一般将来时、祈使句或主句谓语含有情态动词,从句常用一般现在时表将来。
Unless it rains tomorrow, we will go camping.如果明天不下雨,我们就去野营。
Don’t watch TV unless you finish your homework.除非你完成家庭作业,否则不要看电视。
You should stick to taking exercise unless you do not care about your health.你应该坚持锻炼,除非你不在乎你的健康。
用法拓展
unless通常情况下可与if...not结构进行转换。
Unless we are careful, we can’t do our work well.=If we are not careful, we can’t do our work well.如果不仔细的话,我们就不能把工作做好。
【即时小练】
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
Unless you (have)a healthy mind, you won’t have a healthy lifestyle.
【答案】have
【解析】句意:除非你拥有健康的心态,否则你不会拥有健康的生活方式。该句为含有unless引导的条件状语从句的复合句,遵循“主将从现”的原则:主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时。从句主语为you(第二人称),谓语动词应用原形。故填have。
知识点2 The beautiful puppets and their exciting movements amazed me.精美的木偶和扣人心弦的动作让我惊叹不已。(教材P5)
考点amaze /əˈmeɪz/ v.使大为惊奇
amaze sb.使某人感到惊奇
【固定搭配】It amazes sb. how/what/that...让某人感到惊讶的是……
His music talent amazed me.他的音乐天赋让我吃惊。
It amazes me how much she has improved.她进步很大,让我感到很惊讶。
词形拓展
amazed adj.大为惊奇的
amazing adj.令人大为惊奇的
amazement n.吃惊,惊奇
知识点3 I posted my doubts online: “Well, should I continue?” 我把自己的疑虑发到了网上:“那么,我应该继续吗?”(教材P5)
考点post /pəʊst/ v.发布
She posted a photo on WeChat.她在微信上发布了一张照片。
Could you post the news on the website?你能把这个消息发布在网站上吗?
词义拓展
知识点4 To my surprise, the post was flooded with warm answers.让我惊讶的是,这篇帖子收到了许多热情的回复。(教材P5)
考点be flooded with大量收到
此处flood作动词,意为“ (大量地)涌入,涌来” 。
The office was flooded with complaints.事务所收到了大量投诉。
The village was flooded with donations after the earthquake.地震后,这个村庄收到了大量捐款。
用法拓展
flood[名词]洪水
Many houses were washed away by the floods.许多房子被洪水冲走了。
知识点5 Many people expressed their love for the art and encouraged me hold on.许多人表达了对这门艺术的喜爱,并鼓励我坚持下去。(教材P5)
考点hold on的用法
坚持下去
They managed to hold on until help arrived.他们设法坚持到救援到来。
等着;停住
Hold on!I’ll just get my coat.等一等!我去拿外套。
(电话用语)别挂断
Can you hold on? I’ll try to find her.请别挂断好吗?我去找找她。
抓紧;抓住
He held on to the chair to stop himself from falling.他抓住椅子,以免摔倒。
知识点6 A truth hit me—it was my responsibility to keep the art alive because the love for puppets was in my blood.我突然意识到一个事实——传承这门艺术是我的责任,因为对木偶的爱早已融入我的血液。(教材P5)
考点blood /blʌd/ n. 血,血液
be/run in sb.’s blood是与生俱来的特征,是家族的遗传
a drop of blood一滴血
blood group/type血型
give blood献血
Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。
He lost a lot of blood during the operation.他在手术中失血很多。
Both her parents are painters, so art is in her blood.她的父母都是画家,所以她天生就有艺术细胞。
What blood group are you?=What blood type do you have? 你是什么血型?
词形拓展
bleed v.流血,失血
His nose is bleeding.他的鼻子在流血。
知识点7The art will be popular again if young people are interested in it.如果年轻人对这门艺术感兴趣,它就会再次流行起来。(教材P5)
考点interested /ˈɪntrəstɪd/ adj.感兴趣的
【易混辨析】 interested与interesting
interested
感兴趣的
①表示人的主观感受;
②常作表语;
③常用于be/get interested in (doing) sth.“对(做)……感兴趣”结构。
interesting
有趣的
①通常表示事物本身具有的性质、特征等;
②可作表语或定语。
【即时小练】
—How do you like my poem Moonlight?
—I it. It’s about the beauty of nature.
A. am interested in
B. am worried about
C. am thankful for
【答案】A
【解析】 be interested in“对……感兴趣”;be worried about“对……感到担心”;be thankful for“对……心存感激”。上句句意:你觉得我的诗《月光》怎么样?由答语后句“它是关于自然之美的”可推知,答话者对这首诗很感兴趣,故A项符合语境。
知识点8 When I finished, I saw something surprising: the students were completely lost in the show. 表演结束时,我看到了令人惊奇的一幕:同学们完全沉浸在表演中。(教材P5)
考点1 surprising /səˈpraɪzɪŋ/ adj. 令人惊奇的,使人吃惊的,出人意料的
【易混辨析】 surprising, surprised与surprise
surprising
形容词
令人惊奇的,使人吃惊的
通常修饰物,说明事物本身的性质、特征等
surprised
形容词
惊奇的;感觉意外的
通常用来表示人的主观感受
surprise
动词
使惊讶;使感到意外
surprise sb.使某人惊讶
surprise
名词
惊讶,意外;令人惊奇的事
It is not surprising that DIY is so popular. DIY如此受欢迎并不让人吃惊。
I was surprised to see James’ name there!我很惊讶看到詹姆斯的名字在那里!
During break time, Mr Johnson surprised us with another treat.课间休息时,约翰逊老师又给了我们一个惊喜。
To our surprise, the film Ne Zha 2 has achieved such a huge success.令我们惊讶的是,电影《哪吒2》取得了如此巨大的成功。
【语境串记】
To my surprise, Jack isn’t surprised at the surprising news.令我吃惊的是,杰克对这个令人惊讶的消息并不感到惊讶。
【即时小练】
用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
We weren’t _________(surprise) that she won the talent competition. She sings very well.
【答案】surprised
【解析】句意:她赢得了才艺比赛,我们并不感到惊讶。她唱得非常好。空处位于be动词后作表语,应用形容词;此处表示人的感受,应用surprised。
考点2 lost /lɒst/ adj. 全神贯注的
【固定搭配】be lost in sth.全神贯注于某事,专心于某事
He was lost in the novel and didn’t want to go to bed.他沉浸在小说里,不想上床睡觉。
Martin was lost in thought and did not hear the door open.马丁陷入沉思之中,没有听到门开了。
知识点9 Since then, my puppet shows have drawn more attention both from home and abroad.从此,我的木偶表演在国内外都引起了更多的关注。(教材P5)
考点1 attention /əˈtenʃən/ n.注意
【固定搭配】draw (sb.’s) attention (to...)使(某人)注意(……)
pay attention to注意;关注
上面两个短语中的to为介词,其后常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。
This film has drawn great attention.这个电影引起了极大的关注。
We should pay more attention to protecting our traditional folk arts like puppet shows.我们应当更加关注保护木偶戏这类民间传统艺术。
考点2 abroad /əˈbrɔ:d/ adv. 在国外#2
【固定搭配】go abroad 出国
home and abroad 国内外
He went abroad for further study several years ago and now comes back to his hometown.几年前他出国留学,现在回到了他的家乡。
Many internet users at home and abroad enjoy our online videos.国内外许多网友都喜欢我们的网络视频。
知识点10 We want to start a programme to protect our local folk arts...我们想启动一个保护本地民间艺术的计划……(教材P7)
考点programme /ˈprəʊɡræm/ n.计划,方案
A teacher started an “A Poem A Day” programme to share Chinese culture with the world.一位老师启动了 “每日一诗”计划,旨在与世界分享中国文化。
The fitness programme helped him lose 5 kilos in a month. 这个健身方案帮他在一个月内减掉了5千克。
词义拓展
[名词](电视、广播等)节目
Did you see that programme on cooking last night? 昨晚你看那个关于烹饪的节目了吗?
知识点11 Then,we can work as volunteers at the museum.之后,我们可以在博物馆做志愿者。(教材P7)
考点volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə/ n. 志愿者,义务工作者
(voluntary adj.自愿的;志愿的)
All over the world on World Animal Day, volunteers raise money for animal centres and social organisations.在世界动物日,全世界的志愿者为动物中心和社会组织筹集资金。
As a volunteer, he helps to check the area’s sanitation conditions and safety risks for the community.作为一名志愿者,他协助检查片区的卫生状况和安全隐患。
词义拓展 [动词]自愿做;义务做
【固定搭配】volunteer as...自愿充当……
volunteer to do sth.自愿做某事;义务做某事
I volunteered as a guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend.上周末我自愿在成都博物馆当向导。
We volunteered to clean up our city park.我们自愿打扫我们的城市公园。
知识点12 Colourful Folk Arts Group 多彩民间艺术小组(教材P7)
考点group /ɡru:p/ n. 组,群;团体
【固定搭配】a group of...一组/群/批……(其后常跟可数名词复数)
in groups成群地;分组
A group of students are cleaning the classroom.一群学生正在打扫教室。
The students often study in groups.这些学生经常分组学习。
知识点13 a news report新闻报道(教材P9)
考点report /rɪˈpɔ:t/ n.报道 ( reporter n.记者)
【固定搭配】write a report写报告
make/give a report做报告
表示“关于……的报告”时常用介词of/on/about。
I’m writing a report about the future jobs.我正在写一份关于未来职业的报告。
Can you give a report on English writing in our school?你能在我们学校做个关于英语写作的报告吗?
词义拓展 [动词]报道;报告
【固定搭配】It’s reported that...据报道……
When should I report to you?我应该什么时候向你汇报?
It is reported that the lovely flowers of my neighbourhood have attracted lots of tourists. 据报道,我家附近美丽的花朵吸引了大量游客。
知识点14 Farmers have to kill the lions to protect their cows. 农民们不得不杀死狮子来保护他们的奶牛。(教材P10)
考点kill /kɪl/ v. 弄死,杀死
既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词。
In the past, some people killed tigers for money.过去,一些人为了钱而捕杀老虎。(作及物动词,后接tigers作宾语)
Smoking can kill.吸烟可能会致人死亡。(作不及物动词)
词义拓展
[动词]消磨(时间),打发
We always play Chinese chess to kill time. 我们总是下中国象棋来消磨时间。
知识点15 Liang Qichao was a well-known writer and educator in China.梁启超是中国著名的作家和教育家。(教材P12)
考点educator /ˈedjʊkeɪtə/ n. 教育家
由“educate(v.教育)去e+-or(名词后缀)”构成。
Ye Shengtao was a respected educator in China.叶圣陶是中国一位受人尊敬的教育家。
Every good educator cares about students’ growth.每一位优秀的教育工作者都关心学生的成长。
词形拓展
【语境串记】
A good educator tries his/her best to educate young people. He/She believes that good education is important for everyone, and he/she always chooses educational activities to help students grow.优秀的教育工作者尽全力教育年轻人。他/她相信良好的教育对每个人都很重要,并且总会选择有教育意义的活动帮助学生成长。
知识点16 Liang believed that young people were the hope of the nation.梁启超认为年轻人是国家的希望。(教材P12)
考点nation /ˈneɪʃən/ n. 国家
Our nation has a long history and rich culture. 我们的国家有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化。
This is an important moment in our nation’s history. 这是我们国家历史上的重要时刻。
词形拓展
national adj.国家的;民族的
international adj.国际的
【语境串记】
We take pride in our national culture. At the international meetings, we show the best of our nation to the world.我们为我们的民族文化感到自豪。在国际会议上,我们向
世界展示我们国家最好的一面。
知识点17 In “The Young China”, he called on young people to shoulder the responsibility and take action to make China strong and energetic.在《少年中国说》中,他号召年轻人肩负起责任,采取行动,使中国变得强大而充满活力。(教材P12)
考点1 shoulder the responsibility承担责任
其后接宾语时,常用for引出。
Every person should learn to shoulder the responsibility for his/her own actions.每个人都应学会为自己的行为承担责任。
The local government would shoulder responsibility for caring for the children.当地政府将承担照料这些孩子的责任。
考点2 take action采取行动
可单独使用,也可后接动词不定式。
【固定搭配】take action to do sth.采取行动做某事
If more countries start to take action like China, the earth will become a greener planet.如果更多国家像中国一样开始采取行动,地球将会变成一个更绿意盎然的星球。
Everyone should take action to save water in daily life.每个人都应该在日常生活中采取行动来节约用水。
【即时小练】
根据汉语提示完成句子。
We will ___________ to stop water pollution near the lake tomorrow. (采取行动)
【答案】take action
知识点18 He described them as full of energy and hope.他形容年轻人充满活力与希望。(教材P12)
考点energy(energetic adj.精力充沛的,充满活力的) /ˈenədʒi/ n.力量,活力
既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词。
Our new teacher is full of energy.我们新来的老师精力充沛。(作不可数名词)
She put all her energies into her work.她把全部精力都投入到了工作中。(作可数名词)
词义拓展
[名词]能源
We use energy from the sun to heat the water.我们利用太阳能来给水加热。
知识点19 Although it would be a hard task, Liang believed that China’s youth would make history.虽然这将是一项艰巨的任务,但是梁启超相信中国青年会创造历史。(教材P13)
考点youth /ju:θ/ n. 青年,年轻人
通常与定冠词the连用。
The youth of today are more interested in science and technology.当今的年轻人对科技更感兴趣。
We should encourage the youth to learn from great role models.我们应当鼓励年轻人向优秀榜样学习。
词义拓展
[不可数名词]青年时期(尤指成年以前)
in sb.’s youth某人年轻时
My aunt studied Spanish in her youth.我姑妈年轻时学过西班牙语。
知识点20 If we are wealthy, China will be wealthy...少年富则国富……(教材P13)
考点wealthy ( 近义词:rich 反义词:poor“贫穷的”)
/ˈwelθi/ adj. 富有的,富裕的
由“wealth(n.财富)+-y(形容词后缀)”构成。其比较级
为wealthier,最高级为wealthiest。
the wealthy 富人;有钱人
He appeared to be a wealthy gentleman while he really was a poor painter.他看上去是个富有的绅士,而实际上是一个贫穷的画家。
词缀拓展
-y常加在名词后,构成形容词。如:
health n.健康—healthy adj.健康的
luck n.幸运—lucky adj.幸运的
【即时小练】
所给单词的适当形式填空。
China is developing quickly and it’s _________(wealth) and more powerful than ever before.
【答案】wealthier
【解析】句意:中国正在迅速发展,比以前更加富裕和强大。根据空前的“it’s”可知,设空处应用形容词作表语;wealth的形容词形式为wealthy;根据空后的“than”可知,空处应用比较级形式。故答案为wealthier。
知识点21 If we are independent, China will be independent...少年独立则国独立……(教材P13)
考点independent /ˌɪndəˈpendənt/ adj. 独立的,自主的
由“in-(否定前缀)+dependent(adj. 依赖的)”构成。
Independent learning teaches children to be responsible for themselves.独立学习教会孩子们对自己负责。
The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future.孩子们越早学会独立,对他们的未来就越好。
词形拓展
independence[不可数名词]独立
I want to live a life of independence.我想独立生活。
单元语法:原因状语从句 、条件状语从句
原因状语从句
一.定义
原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的。是由because(因为);since(因为;由于);as(因为);for(因为);now that(既然;由于)等从属连词引导的状语从句。如:
I didn’t go to school yesterday because I was ill. 我昨天没去上学,因为我生病了。
---- Why can’t I go? 为什么我不能去?---- Because you’re too young. 因为你年纪太小了。
Since everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了,让我们开始开会吧.
As you are in poor health, you should not stay up late. 既然你身体不好,你就不该熬夜.
As (Since) you are not feeling well, you’d better stay at home. 既然你不太舒服,还是留在家里的好。
I asked her to stay to tea, for I had something to tell her. 我请她留下来喝茶,因为我有事要告诉她.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our meeting. 既然大家都来了,让我们开始我们的会议。
二.as, because, since和for的区别
①because(因为)如果原因是构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because。because引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。对于以why开头的问句,一般只能用because引导的从句来回答。如:
I missed the train because I got up late. 我错过了火车因为我起晚了。
②since(因为;由于;既然)和as(因为),如果原因已为人们所知,或不如句子的其余部分重要,就用as或since,since比as稍微正式一些。as和since引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。如:
Since this method doesn’t work, let’s try another. 既然这种方法不行,我们试试另一个。
As he was not well, I decided to go there without him. 因为他身体不好,我决定独自去了。
③for(因为)表示所说的理由是一种补充说明,因此,for引导的从句可以放在括号里,而且for引导的从句一般不放在句子的开头。如:
I decided to stop and have lunch, for I was feeling quite hungry. 我决定停下来吃午饭,因为我觉得非常饿。
条件状语从句
一.定义
条件状语从句是由if(如果);unless=if not(除非;如果不);as/so long as(只要)等从属连词引导的状语从句。可分为真实性(有可能实现的事情)与非真实性(条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情)条件状语从句,在初中阶段只学习真实条件状语从句。如:
Please call me if he is at home. 假如他在家的话,请给我打电话。
As long as I am alive, I will go on studying. 只要我活着, 我就要学习。
Let’s go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 我们出去散步,除非你太累了。
If you are not too tied, let’s go out for a walk. 如果你不太累,让我们出去散散步。
二.条件状语从句的时态
一般来说条件状语从句的主句与从句的时态要前后一致。但条件状语从句也像时间状语从句一样,如果主句谓语动词用一般将来时,从句谓语动词常用一般现在时表示将来时间。如:
I won’t go there with you if it rains tomorrow. 如果明天下雨的话,我就不和你一起去那儿了。
You will fail unless you study hard. = You will fail if you don’t study hard. 除非你努力学习,否则你会考不及格的。
三.条件状语从句主从句的位置
大多数情况下,从句可位于主句前,也可位于主句后。如从句在前时,主从句之间必须用逗号隔开。如:
Please tell me if he comes back. = If he comes back, please tell me. 如果他回来了,请告诉我一声。
四.条件状语从句和主句还有一个共同的伙伴,有时它可以替代从句和主句,它就是“祈使句+and / or+简单句”。其中and表示句意顺承;or则表示转折,意为“否则”。它们可以和if引导的条件状语从句互换。如:
If you don’t hurry up, you’ll miss the train.=Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train. 如果你不快点儿,你就赶不上火车了。
If you work harder, you’ll pass the exam.=Work harder, and you’ll pass the exam. 如果你再努力些,你就会通过考试。
五.if引导的宾语从句和状语从句的区别
if既可以引导宾语从句又可以引导状语从句。if充当宾语从句的连接词时,相当于whether,意为“是否”,遵循宾语从句的时态规则;充当从属连词,引导条件状语从句时,意为“如果”,若主句中的谓语动词用一般将来时,则从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时表示将来。
① We will go out if it is fine tomorrow. 如果明天天气好,我们就出去。
② I don’t know if the train has arrived. 我不知道火车是否到了。
句①中if引导的是状语从句。这个从句表示“条件”,整个句子的意思是“如果明天天气好,我们就出去”。句②中if引导的是宾语从句,充当谓语动词don’t know的宾语,整个句子意思是“我不知道火车是否到了”。
(时间:40分钟)
一.用所给单词的适当形式填空.
1. The young __________(perform) draws all people’s attention.
2. This wonderful __________(perform) is about puppetry.
3. As __________(teenage), we should shoulder our own responsibility.
4. We are __________(surprise) at his great creativity.
5. He is full of __________(create) and new ideas.
6. We should learn to be __________(independence) teenagers.
7. We must protect __________(tradition) art like puppetry.
8. His __________(wise) helps us solve lots of problems.
9. The famous __________(educate) gives us a speech today.
10. Our __________(young) is full of energy and dreams.
【答案】1. performer 2. performance 3. teenagers 4. surprised 5. creativity 6. independent 7. traditional 8. wisdom 9. educator 10. youth
二.根据首字母提示完成短文填空.
Nowadays, t______1 have more chances to show themselves. A young p______2 loves puppetry, an old t______3 art.
His d______4 is to keep this art a______5 and pass it on h______6 and abroad. He knows it is his r______7.
He draws people’s a______8 with his lifelike puppet shows. He wants to set an e______9 for other young people and call on them to t______10 action to protect traditional treasures.
【答案】1. teenagers 2. performer 3. traditional 4. dream 5. alive 6. home 7. responsibility 8. attention 9. example 10. take
三.汉译英.
1. 我们有责任传承传统木偶艺术。
It’s our duty to keep puppet art __________ and __________ it on.
2. 这位年轻表演者在国内外引起了广泛关注。
The young performer draws wide __________ home and __________.
3. 作为青少年,我们应当承担保护传统文化的责任。
As teenagers, we should __________ the __________ of protecting traditional culture.
4. 我们应该向优秀青年学习,为他人树立榜样。
We should __________ from good youth and set an __________ for others.
5. 除非我们采取行动,否则古老艺术将会消失。
__________ we take __________, ancient art will disappear.
6. 我十分期待观看这场精彩的木偶表演。
I look __________ to __________ this fantastic puppet show.
7. 我们可以用自己的方式让传统文化焕发生机。
We can make traditional culture come to life __________ our own __________.
8. 他为自己传承非遗文化而感到自豪。
He is __________ of passing on the cultural __________.
9. 在日常生活中,我们有很多机会面对困难。
In __________ life, we get many chances to __________ difficulties.
10. 这位充满智慧的教育家激励了无数当代青少年。
This wise __________ __________ thousands of teenagers today.
【答案】1. alive; pass2. attention; abroad3. shoulder; responsibility4. learn; example5. Unless; action6. forward; watching7. in; way8. proud; treasure9. daily; face10. educator; inspires
四.用所给词的适当形式填空
1. If it (be) sunny tomorrow, we (go) hiking.
2. If you (not study) hard, you (fail) the exam.
3. (since/because) you are free today, let's visit the museum.
4. He didn't come to school he was seriously ill. (because/since)
5. you understand the rules, you can start. (Since/Because)
6. Unless she (practice) every day, she can't improve her English.
7. If water (freeze), it turns into ice.
8. (since/because) everyone is here, let's begin the class.
9. I will help you you need me. (if/unless)
10. Don't trust him he often tells lies. (because/if)
1.【答案】is; will go
【详解】句意:如果明天天晴,我们就去徒步。if 引导主将从现(条件状语从句):从句一般现在时,主句一般将来时;it 搭配 be 动词is。
2.【答案】don't study; will fail
【详解】句意:如果你不努力学习,考试就会不及格。主将从现,从句主语 you,否定助动词用 don't + 动词原形;主句 will + 动词原形。
3.【答案】Since
【详解】句意:既然你今天有空,我们去参观博物馆吧。since 放在句首,表 “既然”,引出显而易见的原因;because 侧重直接因果,不放此语境。
4.【答案】because
【详解】句意:他没来上学,因为他得了重病。because 侧重解释直接客观原因,回答 why,放在主句后。
5.【答案】Since
【详解】句意:既然你懂规则了,就可以开始了。Since 放句首 = 既然,引出已知事实。
6.【答案】practices
【详解】句意:除非她每天练习,不然英语无法进步。unless=if…not,遵循主将从现;主语 she 三单,动词变practices。
7.【答案】freezes
【详解】句意:水结冰就变成冰块。客观真理,客观规律全用一般现在时;water 单数→freezes。
8.【答案】Since
【详解】既然所有人都到了,我们开始上课。(句首表既然用 Since)
9.【答案】if
【详解】句意:如果你需要我,我就帮你。if:如果;unless:除非。
10.【答案】because
【详解】不要相信他,因为他经常说谎,表原因用 because。
五.用because, since或if填空
1. you don't like the plan, we can change it.
2. light travels faster than sound, we see lightning first.
3. it snows heavily tomorrow, the school will be closed.
4. He is popular he is kind and helpful.
5. you have finished the work, you can go home now.
1.【答案】If:如果你不喜欢方案,我们可以更改。(条件)
2.【答案】Since:既然光速比声速快,我们先看到闪电。(句首、客观常识)
3.【答案】If:如果明天大雪,学校停课。(条件)
4.【答案】because:他受人欢迎是因为善良热心。(主句后 + 直接原因)
5.【答案】Since:既然你完工了,现在可以回家。(句首、既然)
六.完成句子
1.There will be a basketball game unless it rains. (改为同义句)
There will be a basketball game ________ it ________ rain.
【答案】 if doesn’t
【详解】句意:如果不下雨,就会有一场篮球赛。同义句转换,原句“unless it rains”意为“除非下雨”,可转换为条件句“if it doesn’t rain”(如果不下雨),两者均表示“下雨”是比赛举行的否定条件。故填if;doesn’t。
2.Unless you lose weight, you will have health problems. (保持句意不变)
________ you ________ lose weight, you will have health problems.
【答案】 If don’t
【详解】句意:除非你减肥,否则你将会有健康问题。unless“除非”,引导条件状语从句,相当于“if…not”。原句主句为一般将来时,从句时态为一般现在时,改写从句的时态也为一般现在时,if放在句首,首字母需大写;所给句子的主语是“you”,结合原句句意,应借助助动词don’t构成否定句。故填If;don’t。
3.If he doesn’t ask for help, he won’t be able to finish the job.
He won’t be able to finish the job ________ he ________ for help. (保持句意不变)
【答案】 unless asks
【详解】句意:如果他不求助,他就无法完成这项工作。原句中“If he doesn’t ask for help”表示“如果不……”,可用“unless”(除非)引导条件从句来转换;unless引导的条件状语从句遵循“主将从现”原则,主句用一般将来时,从句需用一般现在时,主语he是第三人称单数,因此动词ask需变为第三人称单数形式asks。故填unless;asks。
4.他现在相信,除非他努力学习,否则他的梦想不会实现。
Now he believes that ________ ________ ________ ________, his dream won’t come true.
【答案】 unless he studies hard
【详解】根据中英文对照,此处缺少“除非他努力学习”。unless“除非”,用法“unless+主语+动词”,时态用一般现在时表将来。he“他”,study hard表示“努力学习”,he为第三人称单数,study变为三单形式,study的三单形式为“studies”。故此处填unless;he;studies;hard。
5.只要我们继续好好发挥,我们就会不断赢得比赛。
________ ________ ________ we keep playing well, we’ll keep winning games.
【答案】 As long as
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“只要”,对应的英文短语为“as long as”,位于句首,首字母大写,引导条件状语从句。故填As;long;as。
6.他昨天没来上学,因为生病了。
He didn’t come to school yesterday ________ he ________ ill.
【答案】 because was
【详解】根据句意及空处可知,缺少“因为”和“是”的表达。because“因为”,连词,be“是”,主语是he,又根据“didn’t come to school yesterday”可知,be应用was。故填because;was。
7.She practised hard every day and that was why she improved a lot in English speaking.
She made great ________ in English speaking ________ she practised hard every day.
【答案】 progress because
【详解】句意:她每天刻苦练习,这就是为什么她的英语口语进步很大。根据“She made great...in English speaking...she practised hard every day.”可知,第一空表示“进步”,用名词progress,make great progress“取得巨大进步”;第二空表示“因为”,用because引导原因状语从句。故填progress;because。
8.He didn’t go to school because of his illness. (改为同义句)
He didn’t go to school ________ ________ ________ ________.
【答案】 because he was ill
【详解】句意:他因为生病没有去上学。原句中“because of his illness”表示原因,其中“because of”是介词短语,后接名词或名词短语。改为同义句时,需要用“because”引导原因状语从句,“because”后接完整的句子,根据原句时态为一般过去时,所以从句中谓语动词用“was”,即“because he was ill”,其他部分保持不变。故填because;he;was;ill。
七.阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last Friday morning, Tom woke up late. He was in such a hurry that he knocked over a cup of milk. “What 1 unlucky day!” he thought. After cleaning up quickly, he ran to the bus stop.
While he 2 (wait) for the bus, an old man stood next to him and coughed loudly. Tom felt a bit annoyed and moved away without saying anything. The old man noticed his 3 (polite) behaviour but said nothing. Then the bus arrived. Tom rushed onto the bus and took the only empty seat. A few minutes later, an old lady got on. Tom pretended to look out of the window. The bus driver said, “Someone, please offer the seat to the elderly.” Tom still didn’t move. 4 a result, a young girl stood up and gave her seat to the old lady. It made him 5 (embarrass).
Tom saw the smile on the old lady’s face. To his 6 (surprising), he felt a sudden sense of shame. He realized that his bad 7 (manner) made others uncomfortable. “You won’t feel happy 8 you learn to care about others,” he said to himself.
After getting off the bus, Tom met his friend Mike. Mike told him that he was used to 9 (help) others on the bus. That made Tom think deeper. From that day on, Tom decided to change. He started to behave 10 (terrible) differently — in a good way. He learned that being kind doesn’t cost anything, but it brings a lot. Now, he always tries to be a better person every single day.
【答案】1.an 2.was waiting 3.impolite 4.As 5.embarrassed 6.surprise 7.manners 8.unless 9.helping 10.terribly
【导语】本文讲述了Tom因一次匆忙的早晨,在公交车上因不懂礼貌、不愿让座而感到羞愧,最终意识到待人友善的重要性并决心改变的故事。
【详解】1.句意:“多么倒霉的一天啊!” 他心想。 此处是感叹句,结构为What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数,unlucky以元音音素开头,故填an。
2.句意:当他在等公交车时,一位老人站在他旁边大声咳嗽。 此处缺少谓语动词,全文时态为一般过去时,while引导的时间状语从句常用过去进行时,主语是he,故填was waiting。
3.句意:老人注意到了他不礼貌的行为,但什么也没说。该处需形容词,在句中作定语,修饰behaviour;Tom躲开咳嗽的老人不发一言,是不礼貌的行为,故填polite的反义词impolite。
4.句意:结果,一个小女孩站起来给老太太让了座。固定搭配As a result表示“结果”,句首首字母大写,故填As。
5.句意:这让他感到很尴尬。该处需形容词,在句中作宾语补足语;根据上下文,女孩让座和Tom没动的行为让Tom“感到尴尬”;“make sb.+形容词”意为“让某人……”,修饰人的感受用-ed形容词,故填embarrassed。
6.句意:令他惊讶的是,他突然感到一阵羞愧。固定搭配to one’s surprise,表示“令某人惊讶的是”,此处用名词,故填surprise。
7.句意:他意识到自己不好的举止让别人感到不舒服。bad修饰名词;manner表示“举止、礼仪”时常用复数形式,bad manners意为“不好的举止”,故填manners。
8.句意:“除非你学会关心别人,否则你不会感到快乐。” 他自言自语道。前半句是否定结果,后半句是唯一成立的条件。即“快乐”的前提条件是“学会关心别人才会快乐”;unless“除非”符合语境。
9.句意:Mike告诉他,他习惯在公交车上帮助别人。固定搭配be used to doing sth.“习惯做某事”,故填 helping。
10.句意:他的行为变得截然不同——往好的方向发展。该处需副词,在句中作状语;根据上下文及提示词可知,此处表示“他的行为完全不同了” ;修饰副词differently需用副词,terrible的副词形式为terribly“非常”,故填terribly。
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