高考英语长难句专项突破练习2-2027届高三英语一轮复习专项

**基本信息** 聚焦高考英语长难句核心能力，通过从句识别、主干提取、语法应用及翻译实践的递进式训练，系统构建复合句分析与转化能力，提升语言理解与表达的思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |从句结构分析|10题|识别从句类型及成分|以复合句类型为起点，建立从句功能与句子成分的对应关系| |断句与主干提取|5题|提取主干并分析修饰成分|深化句子结构认知，区分主干与定语、状语等修饰成分| |语法填空|20题|语法形式填空（含从句引导词、非谓语等）|综合应用语法规则，实现从结构分析到语法填空的能力迁移| |中译英|5题（商业经济主题）|运用长难句结构翻译|结合主题语境，将语法知识转化为书面表达能力| |英译中|5题（地理探索主题）|准确理解并翻译长难句|强化复杂句式的语义解码能力，提升跨文化理解素养|

高考英语长难句专项突破练习2 一、从句结构分析 要求：请指出下列长难句中包含的从句类型，并简要说明其在句中的成粉或修饰对像。 1.The multinational corporation,whose annual revenue exceeds billions of dollars,announced that it would expand its market into Southeast Asia. 2.What concerns the local residents most is that the newly built chemical plant might release toxic gases into the atmosphere. 3.The reason why the stock market crashed unexpectedly was that investors had lost confidence in the economic recovery. 4.Although the explorer had mapped out the route carefully,he still got lost in the dense jungle where no sunlight could penetrate. 5.It is universally recognized that the strict traffic regulations,which were implemented last month,have significantly reduced the accident rate 6.The witness,who had been hiding in the shadows,testified that he saw the suspect fleeing the scene immediately after the crime was committed. 7.Whenever the economy experiences a recession,the government tends to lower interest rates to stimulate consumer spending. 8.There is no denying that the widespread use of plastic bags,which are difficult to decompose, poses a severe threat to marine life. 9.The committee will postpone the final decision until the financial report,which is currently being audited,is officially published. 10.It was not until the detective examined the surveillance footage that he realized the alibi provided by the suspect was completely fabricated. 二、长难句断句与主干提取 要求：清制去句子中的修饰成粉（如定语、状语插入语等)，提取出句子的核心主干（主语+谓语+宾语 表语)，并指出被削去部分的语法功能。 1.The sudden collapse of the housing bubble,which triggered a global financial crisis,left millions of people unemployed. 2.Despite the fact that the suspect had destroyed all the evidence,the detective managed to solve the case within a week. 3.What makes this desert so mysterious is the extreme temperature difference between day and night. 4.The tourists,having wandered through the ancient ruins for hours,decided to set up a camp near the river,exhausted but excited. 5.It is the strict enforcement of the law that guarantees the safety of the citizens in this metropolitan area. 三、长难句语法填空 要求：在空白处填入适当的单词(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，使句子语法完整、语义通顺 1.The multinational company,_headquarters are located in London,plans to open a new branch in Tokyo. 2. (expose)to the freezing wind for hours,the rescue team finally found the missing hikers 3.It is essential that the contract(sign)by both parties before the end of this month. 4.The new policy, _(announce)at the press conference yesterday,will take effect next Monday. 5.Not only the prices of daily necessities rise,but the unemployment rate also increased sharply. 6._remains a mystery is how the ancient civilization disappeared without leaving any traces. 7.The reason_the project was suspended is that the funding was cut off unexpectedly. 8.He was so absorbed in the financial report he forgot to attend the scheduled meeting. 9.The CEO,accompanied by his assistants,_(inspect)the new factory at this moment. 10.(bury)in his work,the lawyer didn't hear the phone ringing in the next room. 11.This is the exact spot_the historic treaty was signed fifty years ago. 12.I am not surethe board of directors will approve the budget proposal. 13.Only after the investigation was completed_ the police release the details of the crime. 14.The rumor the famous actor had retired turned out to be completely false. 15.(judge)from the data presented in the chart,the export volume has doubled this year. 16.He made a complaintthe service in the restaurant was too slow. 17.It was not until the heavy rain stopped_the rescue helicopter could take off. 18.The committee found_impossible to reach a consensus on this controversial issue. 19. the evidence is insufficient,the judge had to dismiss the case. 20.The woman (hold)the microphone is the spokesperson for the environmental organization. 四、长难句中译英（主题：商业经济与市场规则） 要求：运用高考核心词汇及长雅句结构，将下列中文句子翻译成英文。 1.毫无疑问，全球化不仅促进了国际贸易的繁荣，而且加剧了发展中国家之间的竞争。 2.正是由于对知识产权的忽视，许多创新型企业面临着被竞争对手抄袭的危险。 3.只有当消费者意识到他们的购买力可以改变市场时，他们才会做出更理性的消费选择。 4.无论市场竞争多么激烈，那些坚持提供高质量产品的公司总能赢得客户的信任。 5.那个致力于打击假冒伪劣商品的监管机构，上个月对几家违规企业开出了巨额罚单： 五、长难句英译中（主题：地理探索与自然灾害) 要求：准确理解句子结构，用通顺的中文翻译下列使文长雅句。 1.It is the unpredictable extreme weather that has posed a severe challenge to the rescue operations in the earthquake-stricken area. 2.Although the volcanic eruption caused massive destruction to the local infrastructure,no casualties were reported in the evacuation. 3.The geological survey,which was conducted by an international team,aims to predict potential landslides in the mountainous region. 4.What geologists have discovered recently is that the melting of glaciers is accelerating at an unprecedented rate,altering the global climate. 5.Unless strict precautions are taken before the hurricane makes landfall,the coastal towns will suffer irreparable damage. 高考英语长难句专项突破练习2 一、 从句结构分析 要求： 请指出下列长难句中包含的从句类型，并简要说明其在句中的成分或修饰对象。 1. The multinational corporation, whose annual revenue exceeds billions of dollars, announced that it would expand its market into Southeast Asia. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What concerns the local residents most is that the newly built chemical plant might release toxic gases into the atmosphere. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The reason why the stock market crashed unexpectedly was that investors had lost confidence in the economic recovery. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Although the explorer had mapped out the route carefully, he still got lost in the dense jungle where no sunlight could penetrate. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. It is universally recognized that the strict traffic regulations, which were implemented last month, have significantly reduced the accident rate. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. The witness, who had been hiding in the shadows, testified that he saw the suspect fleeing the scene immediately after the crime was committed. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Whenever the economy experiences a recession, the government tends to lower interest rates to stimulate consumer spending. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. There is no denying that the widespread use of plastic bags, which are difficult to decompose, poses a severe threat to marine life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. The committee will postpone the final decision until the financial report, which is currently being audited, is officially published. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. It was not until the detective examined the surveillance footage that he realized the alibi provided by the suspect was completely fabricated. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 二、长难句断句与主干提取 要求： 请划去句子中的修饰成分（如定语、状语、插入语等），提取出句子的核心主干（主语+谓语+宾语/表语），并指出被划去部分的语法功能。 1. The sudden collapse of the housing bubble, which triggered a global financial crisis, left millions of people unemployed. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Despite the fact that the suspect had destroyed all the evidence, the detective managed to solve the case within a week. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What makes this desert so mysterious is the extreme temperature difference between day and night. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The tourists, having wandered through the ancient ruins for hours, decided to set up a camp near the river, exhausted but excited. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. It is the strict enforcement of the law that guarantees the safety of the citizens in this metropolitan area. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 三、 长难句语法填空 要求： 在空白处填入适当的单词（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，使句子语法完整、语义通顺。 1. The multinational company, _______ headquarters are located in London, plans to open a new branch in Tokyo. 2. _______ (expose) to the freezing wind for hours, the rescue team finally found the missing hikers. 3. It is essential that the contract _______ (sign) by both parties before the end of this month. 4. The new policy, _______ (announce) at the press conference yesterday, will take effect next Monday. 5. Not only _______ the prices of daily necessities rise, but the unemployment rate also increased sharply. 6. _______ remains a mystery is how the ancient civilization disappeared without leaving any traces. 7. The reason _______ the project was suspended is that the funding was cut off unexpectedly. 8. He was so absorbed in the financial report _______ he forgot to attend the scheduled meeting. 9. The CEO, accompanied by his assistants, _______ (inspect) the new factory at this moment. 10. _______ (bury) in his work, the lawyer didn't hear the phone ringing in the next room. 11. This is the exact spot _______ the historic treaty was signed fifty years ago. 12. I am not sure _______ the board of directors will approve the budget proposal. 13. Only after the investigation was completed _______ the police release the details of the crime. 14. The rumor _______ the famous actor had retired turned out to be completely false. 15. _______ (judge) from the data presented in the chart, the export volume has doubled this year. 16. He made a complaint _______ the service in the restaurant was too slow. 17. It was not until the heavy rain stopped _______ the rescue helicopter could take off. 18. The committee found _______ impossible to reach a consensus on this controversial issue. 19. _______ the evidence is insufficient, the judge had to dismiss the case. 20. The woman _______ (hold) the microphone is the spokesperson for the environmental organization. 四、 长难句中译英（主题：商业经济与市场规则） 要求： 运用高考核心词汇及长难句结构，将下列中文句子翻译成英文。 1. 毫无疑问，全球化不仅促进了国际贸易的繁荣，而且加剧了发展中国家之间的竞争。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 正是由于对知识产权的忽视，许多创新型企业面临着被竞争对手抄袭的危险。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 只有当消费者意识到他们的购买力可以改变市场时，他们才会做出更理性的消费选择。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 无论市场竞争多么激烈，那些坚持提供高质量产品的公司总能赢得客户的信任。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 那个致力于打击假冒伪劣商品的监管机构，上个月对几家违规企业开出了巨额罚单。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、 长难句英译中（主题：地理探索与自然灾害） 要求： 准确理解句子结构，用通顺的中文翻译下列英文长难句。 1. It is the unpredictable extreme weather that has posed a severe challenge to the rescue operations in the earthquake-stricken area. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Although the volcanic eruption caused massive destruction to the local infrastructure, no casualties were reported in the evacuation. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The geological survey, which was conducted by an international team, aims to predict potential landslides in the mountainous region. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What geologists have discovered recently is that the melting of glaciers is accelerating at an unprecedented rate, altering the global climate. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Unless strict precautions are taken before the hurricane makes landfall, the coastal towns will suffer irreparable damage. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 高考英语长难句专项突破练习2 一、 从句结构分析 要求： 请指出下列长难句中包含的从句类型，并简要说明其在句中的成分或修饰对象。 1. The multinational corporation, whose annual revenue exceeds billions of dollars, announced that it would expand its market into Southeast Asia. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. What concerns the local residents most is that the newly built chemical plant might release toxic gases into the atmosphere. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The reason why the stock market crashed unexpectedly was that investors had lost confidence in the economic recovery. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Although the explorer had mapped out the route carefully, he still got lost in the dense jungle where no sunlight could penetrate. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. It is universally recognized that the strict traffic regulations, which were implemented last month, have significantly reduced the accident rate. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6. The witness, who had been hiding in the shadows, testified that he saw the suspect fleeing the scene immediately after the crime was committed. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7. Whenever the economy experiences a recession, the government tends to lower interest rates to stimulate consumer spending. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. There is no denying that the widespread use of plastic bags, which are difficult to decompose, poses a severe threat to marine life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 9. The committee will postpone the final decision until the financial report, which is currently being audited, is officially published. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. It was not until the detective examined the surveillance footage that he realized the alibi provided by the suspect was completely fabricated. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案与详细解析】 1. 答案： 包含一个非限制性定语从句和一个宾语从句。whose annual revenue... 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 The multinational corporation，whose在从句中作定语；that it would expand... 是宾语从句，作动词 announced 的宾语。 2. 答案： 包含一个主语从句和一个表语从句。What concerns the local residents most 是主语从句，在从句中作主语；that the newly built...atmosphere 是表语从句，跟在系动词 is 之后，解释说明主语的内容。 3. 答案： 包含一个定语从句和一个表语从句。why the stock market crashed unexpectedly 是定语从句，修饰先行词 The reason；that investors had lost... 是表语从句，解释说明原因。 4. 答案： 包含一个让步状语从句和一个定语从句。Although the explorer had mapped out... 是让步状语从句；where no sunlight could penetrate 是定语从句，修饰先行词 the dense jungle，where在从句中作地点状语。 5. 答案： 包含一个主语从句和一个非限制性定语从句。It is universally recognized that... 中，that 引导的是真正的主语从句，It 为形式主语；which were implemented last month 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 the strict traffic regulations。 6. 答案： 包含一个非限制性定语从句、一个宾语从句和一个时间状语从句。who had been hiding... 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 The witness；that he saw... 是宾语从句，作 testified 的宾语；after the crime was committed 是时间状语从句。 7. 答案： 包含一个时间状语从句和一个目的状语从句。Whenever the economy experiences a recession 是时间状语从句；to stimulate consumer spending 虽为不定式，但在句中表目的（注：若将 to stimulate... 视为目的状语，则本句仅含一个时间状语从句。此处也可理解为 tends to lower interest rates 后跟不定式作宾语/目的状语，核心从句为 Whenever 引导的时间状语从句）。 8. 答案： 包含一个主语从句和一个非限制性定语从句。There is no denying that... 中，that 引导的是真正的主语从句，There 为形式主语（或视为固定句型）；which are difficult to decompose 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 plastic bags。 9. 答案： 包含一个时间状语从句和一个非限制性定语从句。until the financial report...is officially published 是时间状语从句，由until引导；which is currently being audited 是非限制性定语从句，修饰 the financial report。 10. 答案： 包含一个时间状语从句和一个宾语从句。not until the detective examined the surveillance footage 是时间状语从句，与主句的 It was...that... 构成强调句型；the alibi provided by the suspect was completely fabricated 是宾语从句，作 realized 的宾语。 二、长难句断句与主干提取 要求： 请划去句子中的修饰成分（如定语、状语、插入语等），提取出句子的核心主干（主语+谓语+宾语/表语），并指出被划去部分的语法功能。 1. The sudden collapse of the housing bubble, which triggered a global financial crisis, left millions of people unemployed. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Despite the fact that the suspect had destroyed all the evidence, the detective managed to solve the case within a week. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. What makes this desert so mysterious is the extreme temperature difference between day and night. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. The tourists, having wandered through the ancient ruins for hours, decided to set up a camp near the river, exhausted but excited. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. It is the strict enforcement of the law that guarantees the safety of the citizens in this metropolitan area. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案与详细解析】 1. 主干： The sudden collapse of the housing bubble left millions of people unemployed. 解析： 划去部分 which triggered a global financial crisis 是非限制性定语从句，作插入语修饰主语 The sudden collapse of the housing bubble。 2. 主干： the detective managed to solve the case within a week. 解析： 划去部分 Despite the fact that the suspect had destroyed all the evidence 是让步状语，修饰整个主句。 3. 主干： What makes this desert so mysterious is the extreme temperature difference between day and night. 解析： 此句主干本身包含主语从句和表语结构。主语是 What makes this desert so mysterious，系动词是 is，表语是 the extreme temperature difference between day and night。无需划去成分。 4. 主干： The tourists decided to set up a camp. 解析： 划去部分 having wandered through the ancient ruins for hours 是现在分词短语作时间/原因状语；near the river 是地点状语；exhausted but excited 是形容词短语作伴随/状态状语。 5. 主干： It is the strict enforcement of the law that guarantees the safety of the citizens in this metropolitan area. 解析： 这是一个强调句型，主干即为 It is... that... 结构。被强调的部分是主语 the strict enforcement of the law。 三、 长难句语法填空 要求： 在空白处填入适当的单词（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式，使句子语法完整、语义通顺。 1. The multinational company, _______ headquarters are located in London, plans to open a new branch in Tokyo. 2. _______ (expose) to the freezing wind for hours, the rescue team finally found the missing hikers. 3. It is essential that the contract _______ (sign) by both parties before the end of this month. 4. The new policy, _______ (announce) at the press conference yesterday, will take effect next Monday. 5. Not only _______ the prices of daily necessities rise, but the unemployment rate also increased sharply. 6. _______ remains a mystery is how the ancient civilization disappeared without leaving any traces. 7. The reason _______ the project was suspended is that the funding was cut off unexpectedly. 8. He was so absorbed in the financial report _______ he forgot to attend the scheduled meeting. 9. The CEO, accompanied by his assistants, _______ (inspect) the new factory at this moment. 10. _______ (bury) in his work, the lawyer didn't hear the phone ringing in the next room. 11. This is the exact spot _______ the historic treaty was signed fifty years ago. 12. I am not sure _______ the board of directors will approve the budget proposal. 13. Only after the investigation was completed _______ the police release the details of the crime. 14. The rumor _______ the famous actor had retired turned out to be completely false. 15. _______ (judge) from the data presented in the chart, the export volume has doubled this year. 16. He made a complaint _______ the service in the restaurant was too slow. 17. It was not until the heavy rain stopped _______ the rescue helicopter could take off. 18. The committee found _______ impossible to reach a consensus on this controversial issue. 19. _______ the evidence is insufficient, the judge had to dismiss the case. 20. The woman _______ (hold) the microphone is the spokesperson for the environmental organization. 【答案与详细解析】 1. whose。解析：考查非限制性定语从句。先行词是 The multinational company，从句中 headquarters 与 company 是所属关系，故用 whose。 2. Exposed。解析：考查非谓语动词。be exposed to 意为“暴露于，遭受”。此处作状语，省略了 being，故填过去分词 Exposed。 3. (should) be signed。解析：考查虚拟语气。在 It is essential that... 句型中，从句谓语动词用 (should) + 动词原形；contract 与 sign 是被动关系，故填 (should) be signed。 4. announced。解析：考查非谓语动词。policy 与 announce 是被动关系，此处用过去分词作后置定语，相当于 which was announced。 5. did。解析：考查倒装句。Not only 置于句首时，其所在分句需部分倒装。根据后半句的 increased 可知时态为一般过去时，故填助动词 did。 6. What。解析：考查主语从句。is 前面需要主语，且从句 remains a mystery 缺少主语，表示“……的事情”，故填 What。 7. why。解析：考查定语从句。先行词是 The reason，从句结构完整，表示“项目被暂停的原因”，故用 why。 8. that。解析：考查结果状语从句。so... that... 为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”，故填 that。 9. is inspecting。解析：考查主谓一致和时态。当主语后有 accompanied by 时，谓语动词的单复数由前面的主语决定。主语 The CEO 为单数，且 at this moment 提示现在进行时，故填 is inspecting。 10. Buried。解析：考查非谓语动词。be buried in 意为“埋头于，全神贯注于”。此处作状语，省略了 being，故填过去分词 Buried。 11. where。解析：考查定语从句。先行词是 the exact spot，从句结构完整，表示“签署条约的地点”，故用关系副词 where。 12. whether / if。解析：考查宾语从句。根据句意“我不确定董事会是否会批准预算提案”，表示“是否”，故填 whether 或 if。 13. did。解析：考查倒装句。Only + 状语从句 置于句首时，主句需部分倒装。根据 was completed 可知时态为一般过去时，故填助动词 did。 14. that。解析：考查同位语从句。the famous actor had retired 是对名词 rumor 内容的完整解释，不缺成分，故填 that。 15. Judging。解析：judging from为固定独立成分作状语。 16. that。解析：考查同位语从句。the service...was too slow 是对名词 complaint 内容的解释，不缺成分，故填 that。 17. that。解析：考查强调句型。It was not until... that... 为强调句型，强调 not until 引导的时间状语，故填 that。 18. it。解析：考查形式宾语。find it + adj. + to do sth. 为固定句型，it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语，故填 it。 19. Since / As。解析：考查状语从句。根据句意“由于证据不足，法官不得不驳回案件”，表示原因，故填 Since 或 As（注意首字母大写）。 20. holding。解析：考查非谓语动词。The woman 与 hold 之间是主动关系，此处作后置定语，相当于 who is holding，故填现在分词 holding。 四、 长难句中译英（主题：商业经济与市场规则） 要求： 运用高考核心词汇及长难句结构，将下列中文句子翻译成英文。 1. 毫无疑问，全球化不仅促进了国际贸易的繁荣，而且加剧了发展中国家之间的竞争。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 正是由于对知识产权的忽视，许多创新型企业面临着被竞争对手抄袭的危险。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 只有当消费者意识到他们的购买力可以改变市场时，他们才会做出更理性的消费选择。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 无论市场竞争多么激烈，那些坚持提供高质量产品的公司总能赢得客户的信任。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 那个致力于打击假冒伪劣商品的监管机构，上个月对几家违规企业开出了巨额罚单。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案与详细解析】 1. 答案： There is no doubt that globalization has not only promoted the prosperity of international trade but also intensified the competition among developing countries. 解析： 考查同位语从句（There is no doubt that...）和 not only... but also... 并列结构。prosperity 意为“繁荣”，intensify 意为“加剧”。 2. 答案： It is precisely because of the neglect of intellectual property that many innovative enterprises are facing the danger of being copied by competitors. 解析： 考查强调句型（It is... that...）强调原因状语。intellectual property 意为“知识产权”，innovative enterprises 意为“创新型企业”。 3. 答案： Only when consumers realize that their purchasing power can change the market will they make more rational consumption choices. 解析： 考查 Only + 状语从句 位于句首引起的部分倒装。purchasing power 意为“购买力”，rational 意为“理性的”。 4. 答案： No matter how fierce the market competition is, those companies that insist on providing high-quality products can always win the trust of customers. 解析： 考查让步状语从句（No matter how...）和定语从句（that insist on... 修饰 companies）。fierce 意为“激烈的”，insist on 意为“坚持”。 5. 答案： The regulatory agency, which is devoted to cracking down on counterfeit and shoddy goods, issued massive fines to several violating enterprises last month. 解析： 考查非限制性定语从句（which is devoted to...）。regulatory agency 意为“监管机构”，crack down on 意为“打击”，counterfeit and shoddy goods 意为“假冒伪劣商品”。 五、 长难句英译中（主题：地理探索与自然灾害） 要求： 准确理解句子结构，用通顺的中文翻译下列英文长难句。 1. It is the unpredictable extreme weather that has posed a severe challenge to the rescue operations in the earthquake-stricken area. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Although the volcanic eruption caused massive destruction to the local infrastructure, no casualties were reported in the evacuation. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. The geological survey, which was conducted by an international team, aims to predict potential landslides in the mountainous region. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What geologists have discovered recently is that the melting of glaciers is accelerating at an unprecedented rate, altering the global climate. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Unless strict precautions are taken before the hurricane makes landfall, the coastal towns will suffer irreparable damage. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案与详细解析】 1. 答案： 正是不可预测的极端天气，给地震灾区的救援行动带来了严峻的挑战。 解析： 考查强调句型 It is... that...，强调主语 the unpredictable extreme weather。earthquake-stricken area 译为“地震灾区”。 2. 答案： 尽管火山爆发对当地的基础设施造成了巨大的破坏，但在疏散过程中没有人员伤亡的报告。 解析： 考查 Although 引导的让步状语从句。infrastructure 意为“基础设施”，casualties 意为“伤亡人员”，evacuation 意为“疏散”。 3. 答案： 由国际团队进行的这项地质调查，旨在预测该山区潜在的山体滑坡。 解析： 考查非限制性定语从句 which was conducted by an international team，翻译时可前置作定语。geological survey 意为“地质调查”，landslides 意为“山体滑坡”。 4. 答案： 地质学家们最近发现的是，冰川的融化正以前所未有的速度加速，从而改变了全球气候。 解析： 考查主语从句 What geologists have discovered recently 和表语从句 that...。unprecedented 意为“前所未有的”，altering... 为现在分词作结果状语。 5. 答案： 除非在飓风登陆前采取严格的预防措施，否则沿海城镇将遭受无法弥补的破坏。 解析： 考查 Unless 引导的条件状语从句，相当于 If... not...。precautions 意为“预防措施”，make landfall 意为“登陆”，irreparable 意为“无法弥补的”。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $