Unit 1 The Changing World 【语法培优】一般过去时和现在完成时区别 2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

**基本信息** 本练习聚焦一般过去时与现在完成时，通过分层递进设计实现从基础语法到语篇应用的巩固，适配暑假语法专项提升，助力语言能力与思维品质发展。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础层|时态结构与标志词|动词填空（15题）、单项选择（10题）、时间状语填空（5题），直接考查时态构成与时间状语搭配| |进阶层|句式转换与正误辨析|句型转换（8题）、句子判断（5题），强化否定/疑问句式及时态混用辨析，提升语法应用准确性| |综合层|语篇语境应用|短文填空（10空），围绕"家乡变化"主题，综合运用两种时态描述过去与现在关联，体现语言能力的语篇迁移|

人教版九年级上册Unit 1 The Changing World 语法专项练习 一般过去时 1. 含义：表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内发生的动作或存在的状态。 例：I played basketball yesterday morning. 动词原形变过去式 ●直接在词尾加 - ed walk-walked ●以不发音字母 e 结尾的词 +-d dance-danced live-lived ●以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，变 y 为 i, 再加 - ed carry-carried worry-worried ●以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的词，先双写词尾辅音字母，再加 - ed stop-stopped plan-planned 2. 常搭配时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week (year, night, month), 等等 3. 谓语动词是 be (was/were) 动词 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + was/were+ 其他 I was a teacher three years ago. 否定句 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 其他 I wasn’t a teacher three years ago. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 其他？ Were you a teacher? 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 其他？ Where were you ? 4. 谓语动词是实义动词 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他. I went to school yesterday. 否定句 主语 +didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他. I didn’t go to school yesterday. 一般疑问句 Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Did you go to school yesterday. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？ Where did you go yesterday? 现在完成时 1. 含义：现在完成时表示 “过去动作对现在的影响” 或 “到目前为止已经完成的事情”。 2. 现在完成时的标志词：already, yet, just, ever, never, for, since 等 3. 基本结构 句式 结构 示例 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 (+ 其他) I have visited Beijing twice. 否定句 主语 + have/has + not + 过去分词 (+ 其他) He has not (hasn’t) finished his work. 一般疑问句 Have/ Has+ 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？肯定回答: Yes, 主语 + have/has.否定回答: No, 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t. Have they lived here for 5 years? 肯定：Yes, they have.否定：No, they haven’t. 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词 (+ 其他)? How long have you lived here? 4. 现在完成时的用法 用法分类 例句 1. 强调过去发生的动作对现在的影响或结果 I have finished my homework.（我已经完成了作业。）【结果：作业现在完成了】 2. 强调从过去某时刻开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态 He has lived here for ten years.（他住在这里十年了。）【从十年前住到现在】 一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 结构不同 用法不同 时间状语不同 一般过去时 动词过去式 表示过去某个特定时间发生的事情、存在的状态，它侧重于描述过去本身，不直接强调与现在的关联。 表示过去具体时间的状语连用。 现在完成时 Have/has + 动词的过去分词 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或表示从过去某一时刻开始持续到现在的动作或状态，强调与现在的关联。 常与表示不明确的过去时间或包含现在时间的状语连用。 Unit 1 The Changing World 语法专项练习 一、用动词正确形式填空。 1. I ________ (watch) TV last night. 2. They ________ (live) here for 10 years. 3. She ________ (finish) her homework already. 4. He ________ (go) to Beijing yesterday. 5. We ________ (not see) each other since last month. 6. My mother ________ (cook) dinner an hour ago. 7. ________ you ________ (visit) the museum yet? 8. Tom ________ (not eat) breakfast this morning. 9. I ________ (learn) English for three years. 10. They ________ (play) basketball just now. 11. She ________ (never be) to the Great Wall. 12. He ________ (buy) a new bike last week. 13. We ________ (clean) the classroom already. 14. ________ he ________ (arrive) yesterday? 15. The rain ________ (stop). We can go out now. 二、单项选择 1. I ______ to the cinema last Sunday. A. go B. went C. have gone D. have been 2. We ______ in this city since 2020. A. live B. lived C. have lived D. are living 3. —Have you finished your homework? —Yes, I ______ it ten minutes ago. A. finish B. finished C. have finished D. will finish 4. He ______ never ______ to a foreign country. A. has; been B. have; been C. was; be D. did; be 5. —When ______ you ______ here? —Two days ago. A. have; arrived B. did; arrive C. have; arrive D. do; arrive 6. My father ______ in this factory for 15 years. A. works B. worked C. has worked D. is working 7. I ______ my keys. I can’t open the door now. A. lose B. lost C. have lost D. was losing 8. They ______ a meeting yesterday afternoon. A. have B. had C. have had D. are having 9. —How long ______ you ______ this book? —For two weeks. A. have; kept B. did; keep C. do; keep D. have; keep 10. She ______ ill last week, but she is fine now. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be 三、句型转换（按要求改写句子） 1. I lived in this town two years ago.（改为否定句） ________________________________________________ 2. He has finished his homework.（改为一般疑问句） ________________________________________________ 3. They have lived here for five years.（对划线部分提问） ________________________________________________ 4. She went to Shanghai last month.（改为一般疑问句） ________________________________________________ 5. We have already cleaned the classroom.（改为否定句） ________________________________________________ 6. Tom was at home yesterday.（改为否定句） ________________________________________________ 7. I have lived here since I was 10 years old.（对划线部分提问） ________________________________________________ 8. They watched a movie last night.（改为一般现在时否定句，提示：改为日常情况） ________________________________________________ 四、判断句子正误，错误的请改正 1. I have seen this film yesterday. ________________________________________________ 2. He lived here for 8 years. ________________________________________________ 3. Did you finish your homework yet? ________________________________________________ 4. I have already finish my homework. ________________________________________________ 5. They were not at school yesterday. ________________________________________________ 五、用 since / for / ago 填空 1. I have lived here ________ 5 years. 2. I came here 5 years________. 3. We have known each other ________ 2018. 4. He has worked in the shop ________ two months. 5. She bought the dress three days ________. 六、短文语法填空 Great changes 1. ______ (take) place in our hometown. People 2. ______ (live) a much better life now. In the past, people 3. ______ (walk) or rode bikes to go out. They 4. ______ (not have) much money to buy good food or clothes. Many things 5. ______ (be) old and dirty. But things 6. ______ (change) a lot in recent years. We 7. ______ (build) new roads and flats. Many families 8. ______ (buy) cars already. We 9. ______ (enjoy) a comfortable life now. I 10. ______ (stay) in this town since I was born. I love my hometown very much. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版九年级上册Unit 1 The Changing World 语法专项练习 答案+详细解析 一、用动词正确形式填空 1. watched 解析：last night 为一般过去时标志，用过去式 2. have lived 解析：for 10 years 持续时长，现在完成时 3. has finished 解析：already 现在完成时标志 4. went 解析：yesterday 一般过去时 5. haven’t seen 解析：since 现在完成时标志 6. cooked 解析：an hour ago 一般过去时 7. Have; visited 解析：yet 现在完成时疑问句型 8. didn’t eat 解析：this morning 过去时间，一般过去时否定 9. have learned / have learnt 解析：for three years 持续时长，现在完成时 10. played 解析：just now 刚刚，一般过去时 11. has never been 解析：never 现在完成时标志 12. bought 解析：last week 一般过去时 13. have cleaned 解析：already 现在完成时 14. Did; arrive 解析：yesterday 一般过去时疑问句 15. has stopped 解析：强调现在结果（可以出门），现在完成时 二、单项选择 1. B 解析：last Sunday 一般过去时 2. C 解析：since 2020 现在完成时 3. B 解析：ten minutes ago 过去具体时间，一般过去时 4. A 解析：never + 现在完成时，主语he用has 5. B 解析：答语two days ago是过去具体时间，用一般过去时疑问句型 6. C 解析：for 15 years 持续时长，现在完成时 7. C 解析：强调对现在造成的结果（打不开门），现在完成时 8. B 解析：yesterday afternoon 一般过去时 9. A 解析：how long + 持续动词，现在完成时 10. B 解析：last week 过去时间，一般过去时 三、句型转换 1. I didn’t live in this town two years ago. 解析：一般过去时实义动词否定：didn’t + 动词原形 2. Has he finished his homework? 解析：现在完成时一般疑问句：Has + 主语 + 过去分词 3. How long have they lived here? 解析：for+时间段 提问用 how long 4. Did she go to Shanghai last month? 解析：一般过去时实义动词疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 5. We haven’t cleaned the classroom yet. 解析：现在完成时否定，already 改为 yet 6. Tom wasn’t at home yesterday. 解析：be动词一般过去时否定句 7. How long have you lived here? 解析：since+起点时间 提问用 how long 8. They don’t watch movies every night. 解析：一般现在时否定句型 四、判断句子正误，错误的请改正 1. × 改正：I saw this film yesterday. 解析：yesterday 不能和现在完成时连用，用一般过去时 2. × 改正：He has lived here for 8 years. 解析：for+持续时长，用现在完成时 3. × 改正：Have you finished your homework yet? 解析：yet 用于现在完成时疑问句 4. × 改正：I have already finished my homework. 解析：现在完成时结构：have + 过去分词 5. √ 正确 解析：一般过去时be动词否定句用法正确 五、用 since / for / ago 填空 1. for 解析：for + 时间段（5 years） 2. ago 解析：时间段 + ago 表示过去时间点 3. since 解析：since + 具体起始年份 4. for 解析：for + 时间段（two months） 5. ago 解析：three days ago 三天前 六、短文语法填空 1. have taken 解析：强调到目前为止的整体变化，现在完成时 2. are living / live 解析：描述现在生活状态 3. walked 解析：in the past 过去情况，一般过去时 4. didn’t have 解析：过去的否定状态，一般过去时 5. were 解析：过去状态，一般过去时 6. have changed 解析：in recent years 近年以来，现在完成时 7. have built 解析：已经完成的动作，现在完成时 8. have bought 解析：already 隐含完成含义，现在完成时 9. are enjoying / enjoy 解析：描述当下生活 10. have stayed / have been 解析：since I was born 持续至今，现在完成时 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $