2026-2027学年人教版七年级英语上册 暑假（小升初）英语衔接课讲义Lesson 1（Starter Unit1-3）

人教版 暑假新初一（小升初）英语衔接课 讲义Lesson 01 一、音标 （一）知识讲解 (1) 元音字母：Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu (2) 元音发音 a_e /eɪ/：age, cake, game, plane, take a /æ/：cat, map, dad e_e /iː/：he, she, we, be, these, Chinese e /e/：bed, pet, dress i_e /aɪ/：fine, bike, time, rice, white i /ɪ/：pig, big, it, sing o_e /əʊ/：no, those, close, rose, home o /ɒ/：hot, dog, pot u_e /juː/：use, cute, tube, music, student, pupil u /ʌ/：cup, duck, lunch （二）综合练习 1. 圈出每组中发音相同的单词。 /eɪ/ bag late take /iː/ egg bed me /aɪ/ kite ship ice /əʊ/ nose stop go /juː/ cute bus run 2. 选出下列单词中划线部分发音不同的一项。 cat name bag map pen desk he red live five sit pig not hot dog go bus cute cup luck 二、重点单词&短语 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 unit 单元 greet 招呼；问候 spell 用字母拼；拼写 start 开始；着手 talk 谈话；交谈 bell 铃（声）；钟（声） bottle 瓶子 eraser 橡皮 key 钥匙；关键 thing 东西；事情 need 需要 fun 有趣的；乐趣 yard 院子 carrot 胡萝卜 count 数数；计算 another 另一；又一 else 其他；另外 good morning 早上好 your name 你的名字 thank you / thanks 谢谢 go to class 去班里 my name 我的名字 in your schoolbag 在你的书包里 a bottle 一个瓶子 an eraser 一块橡皮 get up 起床 fly a kite 放风筝 hurry up 快点 wait a minute 等一会儿 baby chickens 小鸡 tomato plant 番茄苗 apple tree 苹果树 listen to music 听音乐 black and white 黑白相间 a red house 一座红房子 many kinds of 各种各样的 look at 看…… 三、考点 【考点1】 — Good morning/afternoon/evening! — Good /morning/afternoon/evening ! — Hello!/Hi — Hello!/Hi! 【过关检测】 1. — Good morning, Miss Zhang! —  ! A．Good morning B．Good afternoon C．Good evening D．Good night 2. —Hello! I’m Alice. —  ! A．Hi! I’m Eric                B．Nice to meet you         C．Good D．OK 【考点2】 — How are you? — I’m fine /I’m OK/I’m very well.. — How do you do? — How do you do? 【过关检测】 1. —How are you? 　　—  ! A．I’m OK. Thanks. B．She is well. Thanks. C．They’re fine. Thanks. D．He is OK. Thanks. 2. — How do you do? —  A．Fine, thank you. B．How do you do, too. C．How do you do? D．The same to you. 【考点3】 — Nice to meet you! — Nice to meet you; Nice to meet you, too! 【过关检测】 — Nice to meet you, Gina! —  ! A．Hi, John B．Good morning, John C．Nice to meet you, too, John D．Hello, John 【考点4】 第一次把某人介绍给别人时，常用句型 This is…意为“这是”，表示所介绍的人距离比较近，且this is且不能缩写。 【过关检测】 （汉译英）这是我的老师。 _________________________________________________________________________________________ 【考点5】 Excuse me意为“打扰了，劳驾，请原谅”。是交际用于中常用的礼貌语，主要用于： (1) 询问情况，引起别人的注意，如问路、问姓名等 (2) 请求别人的许可 (3) 打断别人的话或正在做的事 · 辨析： excuse me：多用于麻烦，打扰或有求于人时 I’m sorry：指因做错了事，心中难过，有愧于某人或某事而表示道歉；还用于听到对方的消极境况而表示遗憾或同情。 【过关检测】 —                . Is this your book? —Yes, it is. Thank you. A． Sorry B．Hello                   C．Excuse me 【考点6】 here译为“这”，与this同意思，当句子以Here开头时，要用就近原则，here也可以跟后面的be动词缩写，如here’s。 【过关检测】 (1) ________ ________ my coat and dress. A．Here B．Here are C．Here is D．Here am (2) Here is my watch. (改为同义句) ________ ________ my watch. 【考点7】 please意为“请”，please 常用于句末，放在句末时，前面常用逗号隔开。 【过关检测】 My coat and my umbrella, ________. A．sorry B．please C．thanks D．pardon 四、听力 1. 听句子，选择正确的应答语。 (1) A. Good morning, Jim! B. Good afternoon, Tony! C. Hello, Tony! (2) A. Good morning. B. I’m fine, thanks. C. It’s a pen. (3) A. I have a book. B. No, it isn’t. C. It’s under your desk. (4) A. Green. B. They are orange plates. C. It’s red. (5) A. My name is Emma Miller. B. It’s green. C. G-R-E-E-N. 2. 听长对话，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听第一段对话，回答第(1)至(2)小题。 (1) What’s this? A. A ruler. B. A map. C. An egg. (2) Spell it, please. A. R - U - L - E - R. B. M - A - P. C. E - G - G. 听第二段对话，回答第(3)至(5)小题。 (3) What’s the boy’s name? A. Teng Fei. B. Peter. C. Yaming. (4) What is that under the chair? A. It’s a pen. B. It’s a map. C. It’s a cap. (5) Where is Teng Fei’s ruler? A. On the desk. B. Under the bed. C. In the box. 五、语法 （一）知识讲解 1. be动词am/is/are 【语法讲解】 be 动词（am/is/are）是英语中最基础的系动词，用来表示 “是 / 存在”，核心用法口诀： · 我（I）用am，你（you）用are，is连着他 / 她 / 它（he/she/it） · 单数名词 / 单数指示代词用is，复数名词 / 复数代词全用are 常用缩写：I am = I’m；he/she/it is = he’s/she’s/it’s；we/they are = we’re/they’re 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 1: I’m fine, thank you. Starter Unit 1: My name is Emma Miller. Starter Unit 2: It is under your desk. Starter Unit 2: They’re brown. Starter Unit 2: Here are your books. 【过关检测】用 am / is / are 填空 (1) I ______ a student. (2) This ______ my uncle’s farm. (3) They ______ brown glasses. (4) My name ______ Emma. (5) How ______ you? (6) It ______ a red cap. (7) These ______ ducks and chickens. (8) That ______ a big tree. 2. 不定冠词a/an 【语法讲解】 a和an都表示“一个”，用于修饰可数名词单数。 a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前（注意是发音，不是字母）。例如：a book, a pen。 an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。例如：an apple, an orange, an hour (h不发音)。 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 2: I have a bottle. 【过关检测】用 a / an 填空 ______ big farm ______ apple tree ______ red house ______ eraser ______ jacket ______ orange ______ useful bag ______ hour 3. 方位介词in/on/under 【语法讲解】 方位介词in/on/under用来表示物体的位置关系： · in：表示 “在……里面”（封闭空间内），如in the schoolbag（在书包里） · on：表示 “在……上面”（物体表面接触），如on the head（在头上） · under：表示 “在……下面”（物体垂直下方，不接触），如under the desk（在桌子下） 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 2: Is it in your schoolbag? Starter Unit 2: - Where do you put your things? - On the desk. Starter Unit 2: It’s under your desk. 【过关检测】用 in / on / under 填空 (1) My cap is ______ the desk.（在桌子下面） (2) Your glasses are ______ your head.（在头上） (3) The book is ______ my schoolbag.（在书包里） (4) The ball is ______ the chair.（在椅子下面） (5) My pen is ______ the pencil box.（在铅笔盒里） (6) The book is ______ the desk.（在桌子上面） 4. 代词it的用法 【语法讲解】 it，第三人称单数代词，用来代替前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词，也可指代 this 或 that。它还可以指代天气、时间、距离或未知的人或事物。 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 3：Look! This is my uncle’s farm. It’s a big farm. 【过关检测】 (1) — What’s this? — ______ is a jacket. (2) — Where is my cap? — ______ is under the desk. 5. 指示代词this/that/these/those 【语法讲解】 指示代词用来指代人或事物，区分“近/远”“单/复”： 指示代词 单复数 指代距离 核心用法 this 单数 近指（近处） 这 that 单数 远指（远处） 那 these 复数 近指（近处） 这些 those 复数 远指（远处） 那些 口诀：“this/these指近处，that/those指远方；单数this/that，复数these/those” 高频句型：This is…（介绍近处的人 / 物）；That is…（介绍远处的人 / 物） 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 1: This is Emma. Starter Unit 2: Do you see that red house? Starter Unit 3: These are my uncle’s cows. 【过关检测】用 this / that / these / those 填空 (1) ______ is my farm.（近处，单数） (2) ______ is a red house over there.（远处，单数） (3) ______ are my ducks.（近处，复数） (4) ______ are the trees far away.（远处，复数） 6. 名词复数 【知识讲解】 可数名词有单数和复数形式，小学阶段需掌握规则变化 + 高频不规则变化： (1) 规则变化 一般情况：词尾直接加-s，如cat→cats、duck→ducks 以s/x/ch/sh结尾：加-es，如bus→buses、box→boxes 以辅音字母+y结尾：变y为i，再加-es，如family→families 以f或fe结尾的词：变f或fe为v，再加-es，如leaf→leaves 以o结尾的词：tomato, potato, hero在词尾加-es；其他以o结尾的词通常在词尾加-s (2) 不规则变化 单复数同形：sheep→sheep、fish→fish 特殊变化：man→men、woman→women、child→children、tooth→teeth、foot→feet、mouse→mice 口诀：“名词复数要记清，一般词尾加s；s/x/ch/sh加es，辅音y变i加es；不规则变化特殊记” 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 2: Here are your books. Starter Unit 3: He has pigs, horses, cows, ducks, sheep, and chickens. Starter Unit 3: How many ducks does my uncle have? 【过关检测】用所给名词的正确复数形式填空 (1) There are many ______ (animal) on the farm. (2) My uncle has 14 ______ (duck). (3) I can see some ______ (horse) and ______ (cow). (4) There are two ______ (box) on the desk. 7. 数词 【知识讲解】 · 基数词表示数目的多少。 (1—12) one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve (13—19) 以 teen 结尾为 “十几” thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen (20—90) 以 ty 结尾为 “几十” twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety (具体数字 + hundred，如 two hundred，hundred后不加 s，也不加of。表示概数时用hundreds of) · 序数词变序数词的规则： (1) 一般加 - th。 (2) 以 ve 结尾常改 f 加 - th。 (3) 以 y 结尾改为 i 加 - eth。 (4) 记住特殊词。 注意：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, twenty-first, forty-fifth 注意： (1) 序数词前一般加 the，表示 “第几”。如：I’m in the third grade. (2) 加 a/an 时表示 “再一又一”。如：We are two, we need a third man. · 分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一，分母用复数。 【课文例句】  Starter Unit 3: I have five ducks and nine chickens. 8. 一般疑问句 【知识讲解】 · 定义: 对事实表示不确定的句子，译为“……吗？”的问句。 · 结构：Be + 主语 + 其他? · 回答：肯定回答：Yes. / Yes, 主语 + be；否定回答：No. / No, 主语 + be +not · 注意： (1) 肯定回答时，主语和be动词一致。 (2) 否定回答时，be动词和not可缩写在一起。但是am和not不能缩写。 · 由肯定句变一般疑问句的方法：找到 be 动词，直接提句首，人称做变化，问号别忘了。I变you，my变your。例如： (1) This is my book. → Is this your book? (2) I’m a teacher. → Are you a teacher? 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 2: Is it in your schoolbag? 【过关检测】 (1) This is your dress. (改为一般疑问句) ________ ________ your dress? (2) 这是你的房子吗？ ________ ________ your house? (3) — Is this your shirt? — ________. A．Yes, it isn’t B．Yes, she is C．Yes, it is D．No, it is 2. — Is this your car? (作否定回答) — No, ________ ________. 9. 否定句 · 定义：表示否定意义的句子。 · 结构：主语 + be动词 + not + 其他成分。 · 特点：句子中含有 not，表示“不”或“不是”的意思。 · 由肯定句变否定句的方法：找到be动词，后面加not。 · 缩写: is not→isn’t; are not→aren’t; am not→无缩写形式 一般疑问句中的肯定回答不能用缩写，如 Yes, I am/it is等。 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 2: No, it isn’t. (完整：It is not in your schoolbag.) 【过关检测】 (1) This is my dress. (改为否定句) This ________ ________ my dress? (2) I’m sorry, this ________ my suit. A．aren’t B．am not C．isn’t D．don’t 10. 特殊疑问词What/What colour/Where/How/How many 【知识讲解】 特殊疑问词引导特殊疑问句，回答不用Yes/No，需具体回答内容： 疑问词/短语 核心用法 回答内容 What 问“什么” 事物/名字/职业 What colour/color 问“什么颜色” 颜色（red/blue…） Where 问“在哪里” 地点/方位（in/on/under…） How 问“怎么样/如何” 状态词（fine/great…）/ 方式 How many 问“多少” 数词 + 复数名词 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 1: What’s your name? Starter Unit 1: How do you spell your name? Starter Unit 2: Where do you put your things? Starter Unit 2: What colour is the cap? Starter Unit 3: How many ducks does my uncle have? 【过关检测】 (1) — ______ are you? — I’m fine, thank you. (2) — ______ is my cap? — It’s under the desk. (3) — ______ ______ is it? — It’s red. (4) — ______ ______ ducks does he have? — Fourteen. （二）综合练习 1. 单选题 (1) — Mum, ________ is my new ruler? — Is it ________ your chair? A. where; in B. how; on C. where; under D. what; in (2) ________ are those? - They are tomato plants. A. How much B. What colour C. What D. Where (3) — ________ cows do you see on the farm? — Five. They are big and strong. A. How old B. How much C. How many D. How long (4) — What’s this? — ________ a jacket. A. This is B. That is C. It’s D. That are (5) There is ________ baby elephant near the river. A．a B．an C．the D．× (6) — Where is the cap? — It’s ______ the desk. A. in B. on C. at D. to (7) — What are ______? — They are my books. A. this B. that C. these D. it (8) There are many ______ on the farm. A. sheep B. sheeps C. gooses D. chicken (9) Look at that red house. ______ is my uncle’s home. A. This B. Those C. It D. These (10) —Your son is so smart. How old is he? —________. We had a special party for his ________ birthday last night. A．Nine; nine B．Ninth; nine C．Nine; ninth D．Ninth; ninth 2. 单句填空 (1) These ______ (be) my grandparents. They live in Shanghai. (2) There are some ______ (knife) in the box. (3) How many ______ (child) are there in your family? (4) — What are ______ (that)? — They are apples. (5) I have ______ orange and ______ apple. 3. 句型转换 (1) This is a big house. (改为复数句) ______ are big ______. (2) This is an English book. (改为复数形式) ______ ______ English books. (3) The cap is in the schoolbag. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the cap? (4) My name is Peter. (对画线部分提问) ______ ______ ______? (5) Is it a ruler? (作肯定回答) ______, it ______. 4. 连词成句 (1) colour, what, the, caps, are (?) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (2) pair, a, of, is, shoes, the, on, desk (.) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (3) Peter, farm, sees, fourteen, the, on, horses (.) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (4) see, that, do, black, you, horse (?) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (5) are, Emma’s, fifteen, on, farm, ducks (.) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (6) this, my, is, brother (.) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (7) your, what, is, mother’s, job (?) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (8) family, in, people, how many, your, are, there (?) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (9) not, my, likes, father, watching, TV (.) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (10) is, this, photo, a, of, my, family (.) ________________________________________________________________________________________ $ 人教版 暑假新初一（小升初）英语衔接课 讲义Lesson 01 一、音标 （一）知识讲解 (1) 元音字母：Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu (2) 元音发音 a_e /eɪ/：age, cake, game, plane, take a /æ/：cat, map, dad e_e /iː/：he, she, we, be, these, Chinese e /e/：bed, pet, dress i_e /aɪ/：fine, bike, time, rice, white i /ɪ/：pig, big, it, sing o_e /əʊ/：no, those, close, rose, home o /ɒ/：hot, dog, pot u_e /juː/：use, cute, tube, music, student, pupil u /ʌ/：cup, duck, lunch （二）综合练习 1. 圈出每组中发音相同的单词。 /eɪ/ bag late take /iː/ egg bed me /aɪ/ kite ship ice /əʊ/ nose stop go /juː/ cute bus run 2. 选出下列单词中划线部分发音不同的一项。 cat name bag map pen desk he red live five sit pig not hot dog go bus cute cup luck 二、重点单词&短语 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 unit 单元 greet 招呼；问候 spell 用字母拼；拼写 start 开始；着手 talk 谈话；交谈 bell 铃（声）；钟（声） bottle 瓶子 eraser 橡皮 key 钥匙；关键 thing 东西；事情 need 需要 fun 有趣的；乐趣 yard 院子 carrot 胡萝卜 count 数数；计算 another 另一；又一 else 其他；另外 good morning 早上好 your name 你的名字 thank you / thanks 谢谢 go to class 去班里 my name 我的名字 in your schoolbag 在你的书包里 a bottle 一个瓶子 an eraser 一块橡皮 get up 起床 fly a kite 放风筝 hurry up 快点 wait a minute 等一会儿 baby chickens 小鸡 tomato plant 番茄苗 apple tree 苹果树 listen to music 听音乐 black and white 黑白相间 a red house 一座红房子 many kinds of 各种各样的 look at 看…… 三、考点 【考点1】 — Good morning/afternoon/evening! — Good /morning/afternoon/evening ! — Hello!/Hi — Hello!/Hi! 【过关检测】 1. — Good morning, Miss Zhang! —  ! A．Good morning B．Good afternoon C．Good evening D．Good night 【答案】A 2. —Hello! I’m Alice. —  ! A．Hi! I’m Eric                B．Nice to meet you         C．Good D．OK 【答案】A 【考点2】 — How are you? — I’m fine /I’m OK/I’m very well.. — How do you do? — How do you do? 【过关检测】 1. —How are you? 　　—  ! A．I’m OK. Thanks. B．She is well. Thanks. C．They’re fine. Thanks. D．He is OK. Thanks. 【答案】A 2. — How do you do? —  A．Fine, thank you. B．How do you do, too. C．How do you do? D．The same to you. 【答案】C 【考点3】 — Nice to meet you! — Nice to meet you; Nice to meet you, too! 【过关检测】 — Nice to meet you, Gina! —  ! A．Hi, John B．Good morning, John C．Nice to meet you, too, John D．Hello, John 【答案】C 【考点4】 第一次把某人介绍给别人时，常用句型 This is…意为“这是”，表示所介绍的人距离比较近，且this is且不能缩写。 【过关检测】 （汉译英）这是我的老师。 _________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This is my teacher. 【考点5】 Excuse me意为“打扰了，劳驾，请原谅”。是交际用于中常用的礼貌语，主要用于： (1) 询问情况，引起别人的注意，如问路、问姓名等 (2) 请求别人的许可 (3) 打断别人的话或正在做的事 · 辨析： excuse me：多用于麻烦，打扰或有求于人时 I’m sorry：指因做错了事，心中难过，有愧于某人或某事而表示道歉；还用于听到对方的消极境况而表示遗憾或同情。 【过关检测】 —                . Is this your book? —Yes, it is. Thank you. A． Sorry B．Hello                   C．Excuse me 【答案】C 【考点6】 here译为“这”，与this同意思，当句子以Here开头时，要用就近原则，here也可以跟后面的be动词缩写，如here’s。 【过关检测】 (1) ________ ________ my coat and dress. A．Here B．Here are C．Here is D．Here am 【答案】C (2) Here is my watch. (改为同义句) ________ ________ my watch. 【答案】This is 【考点7】 please意为“请”，please 常用于句末，放在句末时，前面常用逗号隔开。 【过关检测】 My coat and my umbrella, ________. A．sorry B．please C．thanks D．pardon 【答案】B 四、听力 1. 听句子，选择正确的应答语。 (1) A. Good morning, Jim! B. Good afternoon, Tony! C. Hello, Tony! (2) A. Good morning. B. I’m fine, thanks. C. It’s a pen. (3) A. I have a book. B. No, it isn’t. C. It’s under your desk. (4) A. Green. B. They are orange plates. C. It’s red. (5) A. My name is Emma Miller. B. It’s green. C. G-R-E-E-N. 【答案】BBACB 2. 听长对话，从A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听第一段对话，回答第(1)至(2)小题。 (1) What’s this? A. A ruler. B. A map. C. An egg. (2) Spell it, please. A. R - U - L - E - R. B. M - A - P. C. E - G - G. 听第二段对话，回答第(3)至(5)小题。 (3) What’s the boy’s name? A. Teng Fei. B. Peter. C. Yaming. (4) What is that under the chair? A. It’s a pen. B. It’s a map. C. It’s a cap. (5) Where is Teng Fei’s ruler? A. On the desk. B. Under the bed. C. In the box. 【答案】AAACB 五、语法 （一）知识讲解 1. be动词am/is/are 【语法讲解】 be 动词（am/is/are）是英语中最基础的系动词，用来表示 “是 / 存在”，核心用法口诀： · 我（I）用am，你（you）用are，is连着他 / 她 / 它（he/she/it） · 单数名词 / 单数指示代词用is，复数名词 / 复数代词全用are 常用缩写：I am = I’m；he/she/it is = he’s/she’s/it’s；we/they are = we’re/they’re 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 1: I’m fine, thank you. Starter Unit 1: My name is Emma Miller. Starter Unit 2: It is under your desk. Starter Unit 2: They’re brown. Starter Unit 2: Here are your books. 【过关检测】用 am / is / are 填空 (1) I ______ a student. (2) This ______ my uncle’s farm. (3) They ______ brown glasses. (4) My name ______ Emma. (5) How ______ you? (6) It ______ a red cap. (7) These ______ ducks and chickens. (8) That ______ a big tree. 【答案】am; is; are; is; are; is; are; is 2. 不定冠词a/an 【语法讲解】 a和an都表示“一个”，用于修饰可数名词单数。 a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前（注意是发音，不是字母）。例如：a book, a pen。 an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。例如：an apple, an orange, an hour (h不发音)。 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 2: I have a bottle. 【过关检测】用 a / an 填空 ______ big farm ______ apple tree ______ red house ______ eraser ______ jacket ______ orange ______ useful bag ______ hour 【答案】a; an; a; an; a; an; a; an 3. 方位介词in/on/under 【语法讲解】 方位介词in/on/under用来表示物体的位置关系： · in：表示 “在……里面”（封闭空间内），如in the schoolbag（在书包里） · on：表示 “在……上面”（物体表面接触），如on the head（在头上） · under：表示 “在……下面”（物体垂直下方，不接触），如under the desk（在桌子下） 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 2: Is it in your schoolbag? Starter Unit 2: - Where do you put your things? - On the desk. Starter Unit 2: It’s under your desk. 【过关检测】用 in / on / under 填空 (1) My cap is ______ the desk.（在桌子下面） (2) Your glasses are ______ your head.（在头上） (3) The book is ______ my schoolbag.（在书包里） (4) The ball is ______ the chair.（在椅子下面） (5) My pen is ______ the pencil box.（在铅笔盒里） (6) The book is ______ the desk.（在桌子上面） 【答案】under; on; in; under; in; on 4. 代词it的用法 【语法讲解】 it，第三人称单数代词，用来代替前面提到的单数可数名词或不可数名词，也可指代 this 或 that。它还可以指代天气、时间、距离或未知的人或事物。 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 3：Look! This is my uncle’s farm. It’s a big farm. 【过关检测】 (1) — What’s this? — ______ is a jacket. (2) — Where is my cap? — ______ is under the desk. 【答案】It; It 5. 指示代词this/that/these/those 【语法讲解】 指示代词用来指代人或事物，区分“近/远”“单/复”： 指示代词 单复数 指代距离 核心用法 this 单数 近指（近处） 这 that 单数 远指（远处） 那 these 复数 近指（近处） 这些 those 复数 远指（远处） 那些 口诀：“this/these指近处，that/those指远方；单数this/that，复数these/those” 高频句型：This is…（介绍近处的人 / 物）；That is…（介绍远处的人 / 物） 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 1: This is Emma. Starter Unit 2: Do you see that red house? Starter Unit 3: These are my uncle’s cows. 【过关检测】用 this / that / these / those 填空 (1) ______ is my farm.（近处，单数） (2) ______ is a red house over there.（远处，单数） (3) ______ are my ducks.（近处，复数） (4) ______ are the trees far away.（远处，复数） 【答案】This; That; These; Those 6. 名词复数 【知识讲解】 可数名词有单数和复数形式，小学阶段需掌握规则变化 + 高频不规则变化： (1) 规则变化 一般情况：词尾直接加-s，如cat→cats、duck→ducks 以s/x/ch/sh结尾：加-es，如bus→buses、box→boxes 以辅音字母+y结尾：变y为i，再加-es，如family→families 以f或fe结尾的词：变f或fe为v，再加-es，如leaf→leaves 以o结尾的词：tomato, potato, hero在词尾加-es；其他以o结尾的词通常在词尾加-s (2) 不规则变化 单复数同形：sheep→sheep、fish→fish 特殊变化：man→men、woman→women、child→children、tooth→teeth、foot→feet、mouse→mice 口诀：“名词复数要记清，一般词尾加s；s/x/ch/sh加es，辅音y变i加es；不规则变化特殊记” 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 2: Here are your books. Starter Unit 3: He has pigs, horses, cows, ducks, sheep, and chickens. Starter Unit 3: How many ducks does my uncle have? 【过关检测】用所给名词的正确复数形式填空 (1) There are many ______ (animal) on the farm. (2) My uncle has 14 ______ (duck). (3) I can see some ______ (horse) and ______ (cow). (4) There are two ______ (box) on the desk. 【答案】animals; ducks; horses; cows; boxes 7. 数词 【知识讲解】 · 基数词表示数目的多少。 (1—12) one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve (13—19) 以 teen 结尾为 “十几” thirteen fourteen fifteen sixteen seventeen eighteen nineteen (20—90) 以 ty 结尾为 “几十” twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety (具体数字 + hundred，如 two hundred，hundred后不加 s，也不加of。表示概数时用hundreds of) · 序数词变序数词的规则： (1) 一般加 - th。 (2) 以 ve 结尾常改 f 加 - th。 (3) 以 y 结尾改为 i 加 - eth。 (4) 记住特殊词。 注意：first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth, twentieth, twenty-first, forty-fifth 注意： (1) 序数词前一般加 the，表示 “第几”。如：I’m in the third grade. (2) 加 a/an 时表示 “再一又一”。如：We are two, we need a third man. · 分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于一，分母用复数。 【课文例句】  Starter Unit 3: I have five ducks and nine chickens. 8. 一般疑问句 【知识讲解】 · 定义: 对事实表示不确定的句子，译为“……吗？”的问句。 · 结构：Be + 主语 + 其他? · 回答：肯定回答：Yes. / Yes, 主语 + be；否定回答：No. / No, 主语 + be +not · 注意： (1) 肯定回答时，主语和be动词一致。 (2) 否定回答时，be动词和not可缩写在一起。但是am和not不能缩写。 · 由肯定句变一般疑问句的方法：找到 be 动词，直接提句首，人称做变化，问号别忘了。I变you，my变your。例如： (1) This is my book. → Is this your book? (2) I’m a teacher. → Are you a teacher? 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 2: Is it in your schoolbag? 【过关检测】 (1) This is your dress. (改为一般疑问句) ________ ________ your dress? 【答案】Is this (2) 这是你的房子吗？ ________ ________ your house? 【答案】Is this (3) — Is this your shirt? — ________. A．Yes, it isn’t B．Yes, she is C．Yes, it is D．No, it is 【答案】C 2. — Is this your car? (作否定回答) — No, ________ ________. 【答案】it isn’t 9. 否定句 · 定义：表示否定意义的句子。 · 结构：主语 + be动词 + not + 其他成分。 · 特点：句子中含有 not，表示“不”或“不是”的意思。 · 由肯定句变否定句的方法：找到be动词，后面加not。 · 缩写: is not→isn’t; are not→aren’t; am not→无缩写形式 一般疑问句中的肯定回答不能用缩写，如 Yes, I am/it is等。 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 2: No, it isn’t. (完整：It is not in your schoolbag.) 【过关检测】 (1) This is my dress. (改为否定句) This ________ ________ my dress? 【答案】is not (2) I’m sorry, this ________ my suit. A．aren’t B．am not C．isn’t D．don’t 【答案】C 10. 特殊疑问词What/What colour/Where/How/How many 【知识讲解】 特殊疑问词引导特殊疑问句，回答不用Yes/No，需具体回答内容： 疑问词/短语 核心用法 回答内容 What 问“什么” 事物/名字/职业 What colour/color 问“什么颜色” 颜色（red/blue…） Where 问“在哪里” 地点/方位（in/on/under…） How 问“怎么样/如何” 状态词（fine/great…）/ 方式 How many 问“多少” 数词 + 复数名词 【课文例句】 Starter Unit 1: What’s your name? Starter Unit 1: How do you spell your name? Starter Unit 2: Where do you put your things? Starter Unit 2: What colour is the cap? Starter Unit 3: How many ducks does my uncle have? 【过关检测】 (1) — ______ are you? — I’m fine, thank you. (2) — ______ is my cap? — It’s under the desk. (3) — ______ ______ is it? — It’s red. (4) — ______ ______ ducks does he have? — Fourteen. 【答案】How; Where; What color; How many （二）综合练习 1. 单选题 (1) — Mum, ________ is my new ruler? — Is it ________ your chair? A. where; in B. how; on C. where; under D. what; in (2) ________ are those? - They are tomato plants. A. How much B. What colour C. What D. Where (3) — ________ cows do you see on the farm? — Five. They are big and strong. A. How old B. How much C. How many D. How long (4) — What’s this? — ________ a jacket. A. This is B. That is C. It’s D. That are (5) There is ________ baby elephant near the river. A．a B．an C．the D．× (6) — Where is the cap? — It’s ______ the desk. A. in B. on C. at D. to (7) — What are ______? — They are my books. A. this B. that C. these D. it (8) There are many ______ on the farm. A. sheep B. sheeps C. gooses D. chicken (9) Look at that red house. ______ is my uncle’s home. A. This B. Those C. It D. These (10) —Your son is so smart. How old is he? —________. We had a special party for his ________ birthday last night. A．Nine; nine B．Ninth; nine C．Nine; ninth D．Ninth; ninth 【答案】C; C; C; C; A; B; C; A; C; C 2. 单句填空 (1) These ______ (be) my grandparents. They live in Shanghai. (2) There are some ______ (knife) in the box. (3) How many ______ (child) are there in your family? (4) — What are ______ (that)? — They are apples. (5) I have ______ orange and ______ apple. 【答案】(1) are; (2) knives; (3) children; (4) those; (5) an; an 3. 句型转换 (1) This is a big house. (改为复数句) ______ are big ______. (2) This is an English book. (改为复数形式) ______ ______ English books. (3) The cap is in the schoolbag. (对划线部分提问) ______ ______ the cap? (4) My name is Peter. (对画线部分提问) ______ ______ ______? (5) Is it a ruler? (作肯定回答) ______, it ______. 【答案】(1) These; houses (2) These are (3) Where is (4) What is your name (5) Yes; is 4. 连词成句 (1) colour, what, the, caps, are (?) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (2) pair, a, of, is, shoes, the, on, desk (.) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (3) Peter, farm, sees, fourteen, the, on, horses (.) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (4) see, that, do, black, you, horse (?) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (5) are, Emma’s, fifteen, on, farm, ducks (.) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (6) this, my, is, brother (.) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (7) your, what, is, mother’s, job (?) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (8) family, in, people, how many, your, are, there (?) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (9) not, my, likes, father, watching, TV (.) ________________________________________________________________________________________ (10) is, this, photo, a, of, my, family (.) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 (1) What colour are the caps? (2) A pair of shoes is on the desk. (3) Peter sees fourteen horses on the farm. (4) Do you see that black horse? (5) Emma's fifteen ducks are on the farm. (6) This is my brother. (7) What is your mother’s job? (8) How many people are there in your family? (9) My father does not like watching TV. (10) This is a photo of my family. $