内容正文:
编写说明:2027年甘肃省(中职升学考试)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣甘肃省中职升学考试英语真题考情,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。
本专题是2027年甘肃省(中职升学考试)《英语一轮讲练测》的第1个专题,内容为时态与时间标志。
2027版甘肃省(中职升学考试)
《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义
专题01 时态与时间标志
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
考点1 一般时态
即时训练
考点2 进行时态
即时训练
考点3 现在完成时
即时训练
题型贯通·能力迁移
04 真题溯源·考向感知
考点
内容解读
甘肃省2021—2024年中职升学考试真题统计
2021年
2022年
2023年
2024年
一般现在时 (含There be句型)
考查一般现在时的基本用法,包括be动词的主谓一致(am/is/are)和There be句型的就近一致原则。There be句型区分"There is+单数/不可数"与"There are+复数",多个并列主语时be动词与最近主语保持一致(就近原则)。题目形式为单项选择题,将时态判断与主谓一致结合考查,属于基础送分题型。
(2)
(4)
一般过去时 (含被动语态)
考查一般过去时的用法,是甘肃省时态考查中出题频率最高的子类。主要包括:①be动词was/were的判断(如Was Mary here last night?);②行为动词过去式的使用(如slipped);③一般过去时的被动语态(was/were+过去分词,如was found);④There be句型在过去时中的运用(was/were就近一致)。解题关键为依据yesterday、last night、just now等时间状语判断时态,再结合主谓一致或语态确定动词形式。2024年出现2道,出题密度最高。
(1)
(5)
(8)
(2)(3)
一般将来时 & 现在完成时
一般将来时:目前仅在2023年以被动语态形式(will be given)考查一次,考查"will+be+过去分词"的结构,预示可能在后续年份加大考查力度。现在完成时:2022年考查has kept与has been waiting(现在完成时/现在完成进行时区分),2023年考查have kept(延续性动词borrow→keep的转换)。核心考点为:①瞬间动词borrow在完成时中须替换为延续性动词keep,用于回答How long提问;②现在完成进行时has been waiting强调动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续。时态标志词包括for+时间段、since+时间点等。
(7)
(3)(12)
动词时态是甘肃省中职升学考试英语单项选择题中的常规考点。从2021—2024年真题来看,时态考查呈现出基础为主、综合渗透的特点,每年单项选择题中直接考查时态的题目约2—3道,四年共计约10道。命题方式主要有四类:
一是考查一般过去时,包括be动词was/were的判断、行为动词过去式的使用以及一般过去时的被动语态(如was found),四年每年均有设题且2024年达3道,常与yesterday、last night等时间状语配合考查;
二是考查一般现在时,以There be句型的就近一致原则和be动词主谓一致为主要形式,2021年和2024年各出现1道;
三是考查现在完成时,重点区分延续性动词与瞬间性动词(如keep与borrow)在完成时态中的用法差异,2022年和2023年连续考查;
四是一般将来时以被动语态形式出现(will be given),目前仅2023年考查一次。
值得注意的是,甘肃省真题中时态常与被动语态、主谓一致交叉融合,如2021年第1题和2023年第3题同时考查时态和语态,2024年第3题同时考查时态和主谓一致,体现了知识综合考查的趋势。题目难度整体适中,侧重基础时态的判断和应用。
【考点1 一般时态】
一、 一般现在时 (The Simple Present Tense)(重点★★★)
1. 核心用法详解
习惯性与经常性动作: 每天的作息、目前的爱好、长期的工作/学校生活。
客观真理、科学事实、格言谚语: 无论句中其他部分是什么时态,只要表达的是客观事实(如太阳东升西落、水在100°C沸腾),一律用一般现在时。
2. 动词形态变化(单三形式变化规则)
当主语为 He, She, It, 单数名词, 不可数名词 时,谓语动词必须变单三:
一般情况: 直接加 `-s`(如:reads, likes)
以 `s, x, ch, sh, o` 结尾: 加 `-es`(如:watches, fixes, goes, does)
辅音字母 + `y` 结尾: 把 `y` 变 `i` 再加 `-es`(如:study — studies, fly — flies)
不规则变化: have — has
3. 高考核心信号词
频度副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom(很少), never
时间短语: every day/week/year, on Sundays, once a month
4. 高考必考隐藏考点:主将从现
在由 if(如果)、unless(除非)引导的条件状语从句,以及由 when(当...时)、as soon as(一...就...)、before / after 引导的时间状语从句中:
如果主句是一般将来时,从句必须用一般现在时表将来。
二、 一般过去时 (The Simple Past Tense)(重点★★★)
1. 核心用法详解
过去某时发生的动作: 动作在过去已经结束,与现在完全没有关系。
过去的习惯: 过去常常做,但现在已经不做了。
2. 动词形态变化(过去式变化规则)
规则变化:
一般情况直接加 `-ed`(如:worked)
以不发音的 `e` 结尾,直接加 `-d`(如:lived)
以“辅音字母 + `y`”结尾,变 `y` 为 `i` 加 `-ed`(如:studied)
重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母:双写尾字母加 `-ed`(如:stopped, planned, jogged)
不规则变化(高考核心): 必须死记硬背常见动词(如:am/is — was, are — were, do — did, go — went, buy — bought, see — saw 等)。
3. 高考核心信号词
yesterday, yesterday morning
... ago(如:three days ago, a week ago)
last ...(如:last week, last night, last year)
just now(刚才)
in + 过去年份(如:in 2018, in 2025)
the other day(前几天)
三、 一般将来时 (The Simple Future Tense)(重点★★★)
1. 核心用法详解
表示在现在看来,未来某个时间打算、计划、或将要发生的动作或状态。
2. 核心公式与核心辨析
公式 A: `will + 动词原形`(常缩写为 `'ll`)
强调客观趋势,或者说话人临时做出的决定。
公式 B: `be (am/is/are) going to + 动词原形`
强调主观上“计划、打算”做某事,或者根据眼前的迹象推测某事即将发生(如:看天空乌云密布,要下雨了)。
公式 C(补充考点): `be about to + 动词原形`
表示“正要做某事”、“马上就要做某事”,该结构不能与具体的未来时间状语(如 tomorrow)连用。常用于固定句型:`be about to do ... when ...`(正要做某事,突然...)。
3. 高考核心信号词
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow
next week/month/year
in + 一段时间(如:in two hours,意为“两小时之后”,单选题常用于回答 How soon 的提问)
soon, in the future
即时训练
1. My father ________ to work by bus every day.
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
2. They ________ the classroom after school yesterday.
A. clean B. cleans C. cleaned D. will clean
3. —________ you visit the factory next Friday?
—Yes, I will.
A. Do B. Did C. Will D. Are
4. Tom ________ late for the meeting just now.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
5. Did Jenny ________ the e-mail last night?
A. send B. sent C. sends D. sending
6. A new training plan ________ next month.
A. makes B. made C. will make D. will be made
【考点2 进行时态】
一、 现在进行时 (The Present Continuous Tense)(重点★★★)
1. 核心用法详解
瞬间正在进行: 说话时,眼睛看到的或耳朵听到的正在发生的动作。
现阶段正在进行: 说话时这一刻不一定在做,但最近这段时间一直在忙这件事(如:最近在读一本小说)。
2. 动词形态变化(现在分词/doing 变化规则)
一般情况直接加 `-ing`(如:doing, learning)
以不发音的 `e` 结尾,去 `e` 加 `-ing`(如:make — making, write — writing)
重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母:双写尾字母加 `-ing`(如:run — running, sit — sitting, swim — swimming, begin — beginning)
以 `ie` 结尾的特殊词:变 `ie` 为 `y` 再加 `-ing`(如:die — dying, lie — lying, tie — tying)
3. 高考核心信号词
警示性词汇(放句首): Look! / Listen! / Be quiet! / Don't make noise!
时间副词: now, at present, at the moment, currently
4. 高考特殊考点:瞬间动词表将来
常用趋向性动词(如:come, go, leave, start, arrive)的现在进行时(`be doing`),可以用来表示按计划即将发生的将来动作。(如:The train is leaving. 火车要开了。)
二、 过去进行时 (The Past Continuous Tense)(重点★★)
1. 核心用法详解
强调在过去某一个特定的时间点或某一段特定时间里,正在高频发生的、没有完成的动作。
2. 核心公式
`was / were + 动词的ing形式`
主语为单数(I, He, She, It, 单数名词)用 was
主语为复数(We, You, They, 复数名词)用 were
3. 高考核心信号词与连词绝杀
具体过去时间点: at 9:00 last night, at this time yesterday, at that time
两大约束连词(when 与 while):
`when` 后面通常接一般过去时(短暂性动词)。
`while` 后面通常接过去进行时(延续性动词),强调主句和从句的动作在过去同时进行。
即时训练
1. Look! The boys ________ basketball on the playground.
A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play
2. At eight yesterday evening, my sister ________ a report.
A. writes B. wrote C. was writing D. has written
3. He ______ a letter when I came in.
A. wrote B. writes C. was writing D. is writing
4. Don't make noise. My mother ______ now.
5. They ______ football from seven to nine yesterday evening.
A. play B. played C. are playing D. were playing
【考点3 现在完成时】
现在完成时 (The Present Perfect Tense)(重点★★★)
1. 核心用法详解(中职高考最大难点)
影响性(已完成): 动作在过去发生并结束,但对现在留下了不可抹去的结果和影响。
持续性(未完成): 动作从过去某个时间点开始,一直延续到说话的现在,甚至可能还要继续延续。
2. 核心公式
`have / has + 动词的过去分词(Done)`
主语为单三用 has,其余用 have
注意:过去分词(Past Participle)必须熟记不规则变化表(如:see — seen, take — taken, break — broken)。
3. 高考核心信号词
普通信号词: already(常用于肯定句中)、yet(常用于否定句/疑问句句尾)、just, ever, never, before(放句尾)。
周期性时间短语: in the past/last few years(在过去的几年里,看到此短语必选现在完成时)。
4. 两大超级必考死穴(必须背诵)
① 瞬间动词(短暂性动词)与持续性时间状语的冲突
考试中只要看到句尾有 `for + 一段时间` 或 `since + 时间点/过去时从句`,主句必须用现在完成时,且谓语动词必须是能无限延长的“延续性动词”。
如果遇到短暂性动词,必须进行如下大手术替换:
buy — have/has had(保持拥有状态)
borrow / lend — have/has kept(保持借着的状态)
join the army/club — have/has been in ... / been a member of ...(保持在里面的状态)
die — have/has been dead(保持死亡状态)
leave — have/has been away (from)(保持离开的状态)
come / go / arrive — have/has been in / at(保持到了的状态)
catch a cold — have/has had a cold
② 去过与去了的终极辨析 (`been to` vs `gone to`)
`have/has been to + 地点`:去过某地。说明说话时人已经回来了,强调的是“去过的经历”。
`have/has gone to + 地点`:去了某地。说明说话时人已经走了,在路上或者已经到了那里,反正不在这里。
即时训练
1. I ______ this book already. It's very interesting.
A. have read B. reads C. read D. will read
2. We ______ in this city for five years.
A. live B. lived C. are living D. have lived
3. — ______ you ever ______ to Beijing?
— Yes, I have.
A. Do; go B. Did; go C. Have; been D. Are; going
4. She ______ her homework yet.
A. doesn't finish B. didn't finish C. hasn't finished D. won't finish
5. My brother ______ many new friends since he came here.
A. makes B. made C. has made D. is making
6. Tom ______ away for two weeks. He will come back soon.
A. is B. has been C. was D. will be
题型贯通·能力迁移
一、单项选择
1. The skill training center ________ a safety meeting every Friday.( )
A. holds B. held C. will hold D. has held
2. Ms. Gao ________ the equipment record after the class yesterday.( )
A. checks B. checked C. will check D. has checked
3. The volunteers ________ the old machines next Saturday.( )
A. clean B. cleaned C. will clean D. have cleaned
4. Look! The trainees ________ the wires under the teacher's guidance.( )
A. connect B. connected C. are connecting D. have connected
5. Our class ________ three practical lessons since Monday.( )
A. has had B. had C. will have D. is having
6. Did the driver ________ the bus before leaving the station?( )
A. checked B. checks C. check D. checking
7. The posters ________ on the wall tomorrow morning.( )
A. put B. were put C. have put D. will be put
8. There ________ a toolbox and two rulers on the workbench just now.( )
A. is B. was C. are D. were
二、语法填空
1. The workshop ________ (open) at 8:00 every morning.
2. The students ________ (visit) the factory last week.
3. The notice ________ (put) up tomorrow.
4. I ________ (keep) this manual for three months.
5. When the bell rang, they ________ (discuss) the plan.
三、句型转换与改错
1. He borrowed the book two weeks ago.(用for two weeks改写)
2. They clean the lab every day.(改为被动语态)
1.(2021年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第1题)The little cat ________ under the car yesterday.
A. was found B. is found C. was founded D. is founded
2.(2022年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第5题)—________ Mary here last night?
—No, she ________.
A. Is; isn't B. Was; isn't C. Was; wasn't D. Did; didn't
3.(2022年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第7题)Ms. White ________ the student waiting for one hour. He ________ for her since eight.
A. has kept; waited B. kept; waited
C. has kept; has been waiting D. has kept; had waited
4.(2023年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第8题)—________ Kate do her homework last night?
—No, she ________.
A. Did; didn't B. Did; did C. Does; doesn't D. Was; wasn't
5.(2023年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第12题)—How long ________ you ________ this dictionary?
—For about two weeks.
A. did, borrow B. have, borrowed C. do, keep D. have, kept
6.(2024年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第2题)When he came back to the room, he ________ and hit his head on the wall.
A. slip B. slipped C. was slipped D. slips
7.(2024年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第3题)It ________ fine yesterday and there ________ many children in the park.
A. was; was B. is; are C. was; were D. is; were
8.(2023年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第3题)An English speech ________ by Mr. Wang next Monday.
A. is given B. gives C. will give D. will be given
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编写说明:2027年甘肃省(中职升学考试)《英语一轮讲练测》内含复习讲义、复习课件、专项训练、综合训练,在编写中融入支架式教学理念,紧扣甘肃省中职升学考试英语真题考情,将知识拆解整合为体系化专题清单,以挖空式讲解搭配知识再现型练习筑牢基础,再通过分层专项训练、综合进阶训练实现知识巩固与能力提升。针对性强,实操性好,为一轮复习搭建从知识梳理到能力突破的完整进阶路径,高效赋能备考提分。
本专题是2027年甘肃省(中职升学考试)《英语一轮讲练测》的第1个专题,内容为时态与时间标志。
2027版甘肃省(中职升学考试)
《英语一轮讲练测》复习讲义
专题01 时态与时间标志
目录
01 考情解码·命题预警
02 体系构建·思维可视
03 核心突破·靶向攻坚
考点1 一般时态
即时训练
考点2 进行时态
即时训练
考点3 现在完成时
即时训练
题型贯通·能力迁移
04 真题溯源·考向感知
考点
内容解读
甘肃省2021—2024年中职升学考试真题统计
2021年
2022年
2023年
2024年
一般现在时 (含There be句型)
考查一般现在时的基本用法,包括be动词的主谓一致(am/is/are)和There be句型的就近一致原则。There be句型区分"There is+单数/不可数"与"There are+复数",多个并列主语时be动词与最近主语保持一致(就近原则)。题目形式为单项选择题,将时态判断与主谓一致结合考查,属于基础送分题型。
(2)
(4)
一般过去时 (含被动语态)
考查一般过去时的用法,是甘肃省时态考查中出题频率最高的子类。主要包括:①be动词was/were的判断(如Was Mary here last night?);②行为动词过去式的使用(如slipped);③一般过去时的被动语态(was/were+过去分词,如was found);④There be句型在过去时中的运用(was/were就近一致)。解题关键为依据yesterday、last night、just now等时间状语判断时态,再结合主谓一致或语态确定动词形式。2024年出现2道,出题密度最高。
(1)
(5)
(8)
(2)(3)
一般将来时 & 现在完成时
一般将来时:目前仅在2023年以被动语态形式(will be given)考查一次,考查"will+be+过去分词"的结构,预示可能在后续年份加大考查力度。现在完成时:2022年考查has kept与has been waiting(现在完成时/现在完成进行时区分),2023年考查have kept(延续性动词borrow→keep的转换)。核心考点为:①瞬间动词borrow在完成时中须替换为延续性动词keep,用于回答How long提问;②现在完成进行时has been waiting强调动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续。时态标志词包括for+时间段、since+时间点等。
(7)
(3)(12)
动词时态是甘肃省中职升学考试英语单项选择题中的常规考点。从2021—2024年真题来看,时态考查呈现出基础为主、综合渗透的特点,每年单项选择题中直接考查时态的题目约2—3道,四年共计约10道。命题方式主要有四类:
一是考查一般过去时,包括be动词was/were的判断、行为动词过去式的使用以及一般过去时的被动语态(如was found),四年每年均有设题且2024年达3道,常与yesterday、last night等时间状语配合考查;
二是考查一般现在时,以There be句型的就近一致原则和be动词主谓一致为主要形式,2021年和2024年各出现1道;
三是考查现在完成时,重点区分延续性动词与瞬间性动词(如keep与borrow)在完成时态中的用法差异,2022年和2023年连续考查;
四是一般将来时以被动语态形式出现(will be given),目前仅2023年考查一次。
值得注意的是,甘肃省真题中时态常与被动语态、主谓一致交叉融合,如2021年第1题和2023年第3题同时考查时态和语态,2024年第3题同时考查时态和主谓一致,体现了知识综合考查的趋势。题目难度整体适中,侧重基础时态的判断和应用。
【考点1 一般时态】
一、 一般现在时 (The Simple Present Tense)(重点★★★)
1. 核心用法详解
习惯性与经常性动作: 每天的作息、目前的爱好、长期的工作/学校生活。
客观真理、科学事实、格言谚语: 无论句中其他部分是什么时态,只要表达的是客观事实(如太阳东升西落、水在100°C沸腾),一律用一般现在时。
2. 动词形态变化(单三形式变化规则)
当主语为 He, She, It, 单数名词, 不可数名词 时,谓语动词必须变单三:
一般情况: 直接加 `-s`(如:reads, likes)
以 `s, x, ch, sh, o` 结尾: 加 `-es`(如:watches, fixes, goes, does)
辅音字母 + `y` 结尾: 把 `y` 变 `i` 再加 `-es`(如:study — studies, fly — flies)
不规则变化: have — has
3. 高考核心信号词
频度副词: always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom(很少), never
时间短语: every day/week/year, on Sundays, once a month
4. 高考必考隐藏考点:主将从现
在由 if(如果)、unless(除非)引导的条件状语从句,以及由 when(当...时)、as soon as(一...就...)、before / after 引导的时间状语从句中:
如果主句是一般将来时,从句必须用一般现在时表将来。
二、 一般过去时 (The Simple Past Tense)(重点★★★)
1. 核心用法详解
过去某时发生的动作: 动作在过去已经结束,与现在完全没有关系。
过去的习惯: 过去常常做,但现在已经不做了。
2. 动词形态变化(过去式变化规则)
规则变化:
一般情况直接加 `-ed`(如:worked)
以不发音的 `e` 结尾,直接加 `-d`(如:lived)
以“辅音字母 + `y`”结尾,变 `y` 为 `i` 加 `-ed`(如:studied)
重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母:双写尾字母加 `-ed`(如:stopped, planned, jogged)
不规则变化(高考核心): 必须死记硬背常见动词(如:am/is — was, are — were, do — did, go — went, buy — bought, see — saw 等)。
3. 高考核心信号词
yesterday, yesterday morning
... ago(如:three days ago, a week ago)
last ...(如:last week, last night, last year)
just now(刚才)
in + 过去年份(如:in 2018, in 2025)
the other day(前几天)
三、 一般将来时 (The Simple Future Tense)(重点★★★)
1. 核心用法详解
表示在现在看来,未来某个时间打算、计划、或将要发生的动作或状态。
2. 核心公式与核心辨析
公式 A: `will + 动词原形`(常缩写为 `'ll`)
强调客观趋势,或者说话人临时做出的决定。
公式 B: `be (am/is/are) going to + 动词原形`
强调主观上“计划、打算”做某事,或者根据眼前的迹象推测某事即将发生(如:看天空乌云密布,要下雨了)。
公式 C(补充考点): `be about to + 动词原形`
表示“正要做某事”、“马上就要做某事”,该结构不能与具体的未来时间状语(如 tomorrow)连用。常用于固定句型:`be about to do ... when ...`(正要做某事,突然...)。
3. 高考核心信号词
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow
next week/month/year
in + 一段时间(如:in two hours,意为“两小时之后”,单选题常用于回答 How soon 的提问)
soon, in the future
即时训练
1. My father ________ to work by bus every day.
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
【答案】B
【详解】every day提示一般现在时;主语My father为第三人称单数,行为动词go要变为goes。A未体现三单,C为过去式,D为将来时。
2. They ________ the classroom after school yesterday.
A. clean B. cleans C. cleaned D. will clean
【答案】C
【详解】yesterday提示一般过去时,clean应变为过去式cleaned。A为一般现在时原形,B为三单,D为将来时。
3. —________ you visit the factory next Friday?
—Yes, I will.
A. Do B. Did C. Will D. Are
【答案】C
【详解】next Friday提示一般将来时,答语I will也直接对应will引导的一般疑问句。
4. Tom ________ late for the meeting just now.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】C
【详解】just now提示一般过去时;Tom为单数,be动词过去式用was。
5. Did Jenny ________ the e-mail last night?
A. send B. sent C. sends D. sending
【答案】A
【详解】Did构成一般过去时疑问句,后面行为动词必须用原形send,不能再用过去式sent。
6. A new training plan ________ next month.
A. makes B. made C. will make D. will be made
【答案】D
【详解】next month提示将来时;plan与make是被动关系,应用will be made。C是主动语态,不合逻辑。
【考点2 进行时态】
一、 现在进行时 (The Present Continuous Tense)(重点★★★)
1. 核心用法详解
瞬间正在进行: 说话时,眼睛看到的或耳朵听到的正在发生的动作。
现阶段正在进行: 说话时这一刻不一定在做,但最近这段时间一直在忙这件事(如:最近在读一本小说)。
2. 动词形态变化(现在分词/doing 变化规则)
一般情况直接加 `-ing`(如:doing, learning)
以不发音的 `e` 结尾,去 `e` 加 `-ing`(如:make — making, write — writing)
重读闭音节且末尾只有一个辅音字母:双写尾字母加 `-ing`(如:run — running, sit — sitting, swim — swimming, begin — beginning)
以 `ie` 结尾的特殊词:变 `ie` 为 `y` 再加 `-ing`(如:die — dying, lie — lying, tie — tying)
3. 高考核心信号词
警示性词汇(放句首): Look! / Listen! / Be quiet! / Don't make noise!
时间副词: now, at present, at the moment, currently
4. 高考特殊考点:瞬间动词表将来
常用趋向性动词(如:come, go, leave, start, arrive)的现在进行时(`be doing`),可以用来表示按计划即将发生的将来动作。(如:The train is leaving. 火车要开了。)
二、 过去进行时 (The Past Continuous Tense)(重点★★)
1. 核心用法详解
强调在过去某一个特定的时间点或某一段特定时间里,正在高频发生的、没有完成的动作。
2. 核心公式
`was / were + 动词的ing形式`
主语为单数(I, He, She, It, 单数名词)用 was
主语为复数(We, You, They, 复数名词)用 were
3. 高考核心信号词与连词绝杀
具体过去时间点: at 9:00 last night, at this time yesterday, at that time
两大约束连词(when 与 while):
`when` 后面通常接一般过去时(短暂性动词)。
`while` 后面通常接过去进行时(延续性动词),强调主句和从句的动作在过去同时进行。
即时训练
1. Look! The boys ________ basketball on the playground.
A. play B. played C. are playing D. will play
【答案】C
【详解】Look提示动作正在发生,主语The boys为复数,应用are playing。
2. At eight yesterday evening, my sister ________ a report.
A. writes B. wrote C. was writing D. has written
【答案】C
【详解】At eight yesterday evening表示过去某一时刻正在进行,用过去进行时was writing。
3. He ______ a letter when I came in.
A. wrote B. writes C. was writing D. is writing
【答案】C
【详解】考查过去进行时。句意:我进来的时候,他正在写信。when引导时间状语从句,从句为一般过去时,主句强调过去正在进行的动作,用过去进行时。
4. Don't make noise. My mother ______ now.
A. sleeps B. slept C. is sleeping D. was sleeping
【答案】C
【详解】考查现在进行时。句意:别出声,我妈妈现在正在睡觉。now 为现在进行时标志词。
5. They ______ football from seven to nine yesterday evening.
A. play B. played C. are playing D. were playing
【答案】D
【详解】考查过去进行时。句意:昨晚七点到九点,他们一直在踢足球。过去一段持续的时间内发生的动作,用过去进行时。
【考点3 现在完成时】
现在完成时 (The Present Perfect Tense)(重点★★★)
1. 核心用法详解(中职高考最大难点)
影响性(已完成): 动作在过去发生并结束,但对现在留下了不可抹去的结果和影响。
持续性(未完成): 动作从过去某个时间点开始,一直延续到说话的现在,甚至可能还要继续延续。
2. 核心公式
`have / has + 动词的过去分词(Done)`
主语为单三用 has,其余用 have
注意:过去分词(Past Participle)必须熟记不规则变化表(如:see — seen, take — taken, break — broken)。
3. 高考核心信号词
普通信号词: already(常用于肯定句中)、yet(常用于否定句/疑问句句尾)、just, ever, never, before(放句尾)。
周期性时间短语: in the past/last few years(在过去的几年里,看到此短语必选现在完成时)。
4. 两大超级必考死穴(必须背诵)
① 瞬间动词(短暂性动词)与持续性时间状语的冲突
考试中只要看到句尾有 `for + 一段时间` 或 `since + 时间点/过去时从句`,主句必须用现在完成时,且谓语动词必须是能无限延长的“延续性动词”。
如果遇到短暂性动词,必须进行如下大手术替换:
buy — have/has had(保持拥有状态)
borrow / lend — have/has kept(保持借着的状态)
join the army/club — have/has been in ... / been a member of ...(保持在里面的状态)
die — have/has been dead(保持死亡状态)
leave — have/has been away (from)(保持离开的状态)
come / go / arrive — have/has been in / at(保持到了的状态)
catch a cold — have/has had a cold
② 去过与去了的终极辨析 (`been to` vs `gone to`)
`have/has been to + 地点`:去过某地。说明说话时人已经回来了,强调的是“去过的经历”。
`have/has gone to + 地点`:去了某地。说明说话时人已经走了,在路上或者已经到了那里,反正不在这里。
即时训练
1. I ______ this book already. It's very interesting.
A. have read B. reads C. read D. will read
【答案】A
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意:我已经读完这本书了,它很有趣。already是现在完成时标志词,结构为have/has + 过去分词。
2. We ______ in this city for five years.
A. live B. lived C. are living D. have lived
【答案】D
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意:我们已经在这座城市住了五年。“for + 时间段”表示动作持续至今,用现在完成时。
3. — ______ you ever ______ to Beijing?
— Yes, I have.
A. Do; go B. Did; go C. Have; been D. Are; going
【答案】C
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意:——你曾经去过北京吗?——是的,去过。ever用于现在完成时疑问句,have been to 表示“去过某地(已返回)”。
4. She ______ her homework yet.
A. doesn't finish B. didn't finish C. hasn't finished D. won't finish
【答案】C
【详解】考查现在完成时否定形式。句意:她还没有完成作业。yet常用于现在完成时否定句和疑问句中。
5. My brother ______ many new friends since he came here.
A. makes B. made C. has made D. is making
【答案】C
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意:自从来到这里,我弟弟交到了很多新朋友。since引导时间状语从句,主句常用现在完成时。
6. Tom ______ away for two weeks. He will come back soon.
A. is B. has been C. was D. will be
【答案】B
【详解】考查现在完成时。句意:汤姆已经离开两周了,他很快就会回来。“for + 时间段”搭配延续性动词,用现在完成时表状态持续。
题型贯通·能力迁移
一、单项选择
1. The skill training center ________ a safety meeting every Friday.( )
A. holds B. held C. will hold D. has held
【答案】A
【详解】every Friday提示经常性安排,主语center为第三人称单数,谓语用holds。
2. Ms. Gao ________ the equipment record after the class yesterday.( )
A. checks B. checked C. will check D. has checked
【答案】B
【详解】yesterday提示一般过去时,check用过去式checked。
3. The volunteers ________ the old machines next Saturday.( )
A. clean B. cleaned C. will clean D. have cleaned
【答案】C
【详解】next Saturday表示将来时间,谓语用will clean。
4. Look! The trainees ________ the wires under the teacher's guidance.( )
A. connect B. connected C. are connecting D. have connected
【答案】C
【详解】Look提示动作正在发生,主语trainees为复数,用are connecting。
5. Our class ________ three practical lessons since Monday.( )
A. has had B. had C. will have D. is having
【答案】A
【详解】since Monday表示从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时has had。
6. Did the driver ________ the bus before leaving the station?( )
A. checked B. checks C. check D. checking
【答案】C
【详解】助动词Did后实义动词用原形,不能再用过去式。
7. The posters ________ on the wall tomorrow morning.( )
A. put B. were put C. have put D. will be put
【答案】D
【详解】posters承受put动作,tomorrow morning提示将来,被动用will be put。
8. There ________ a toolbox and two rulers on the workbench just now.( )
A. is B. was C. are D. were
【答案】B
【详解】There be就近看a toolbox,just now提示过去,单数用was。
二、语法填空
1. The workshop ________ (open) at 8:00 every morning.
【答案】opens
【详解】every morning提示经常性动作,workshop为单数。
2. The students ________ (visit) the factory last week.
【答案】visited
【详解】last week提示一般过去时。
3. The notice ________ (put) up tomorrow.
【答案】will be put
【详解】notice承受put动作,tomorrow提示将来被动。
4. I ________ (keep) this manual for three months.
【答案】have kept
【详解】for three months与延续性动词连用,用现在完成时。
5. When the bell rang, they ________ (discuss) the plan.
【答案】were discussing
【详解】when引导过去短动作,主句表示当时正在讨论。
三、句型转换与改错
1. He borrowed the book two weeks ago.(用for two weeks改写)
【答案】He has kept the book for two weeks.
【详解】borrow为短暂性动词,和for时间段连用时改为keep。
2. They clean the lab every day.(改为被动语态)
【答案】The lab is cleaned by them every day.
【详解】every day保留一般现在时,lab承受clean动作。
1.(2021年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第1题)The little cat ________ under the car yesterday.
A. was found B. is found C. was founded D. is founded
【答案】A
【详解】yesterday提示一般过去时;cat与find是被动关系,应用一般过去时被动语态was found。founded是found“建立”的过去式/过去分词,不符合“发现小猫”的语义。
2.(2022年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第5题)—________ Mary here last night?
—No, she ________.
A. Is; isn't B. Was; isn't C. Was; wasn't D. Did; didn't
【答案】C
【详解】last night提示一般过去时;here为地点表语,句子需要be动词,不用Did。Mary为单数,问句用Was,否定回答用wasn't。
3.(2022年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第7题)Ms. White ________ the student waiting for one hour. He ________ for her since eight.
A. has kept; waited B. kept; waited
C. has kept; has been waiting D. has kept; had waited
【答案】C
【详解】for one hour和since eight都表示动作持续到现在。第一空用现在完成时has kept;第二空强调从八点一直等到现在,且可能仍在等待,用has been waiting。
4.(2023年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第8题)—________ Kate do her homework last night?
—No, she ________.
A. Did; didn't B. Did; did C. Does; doesn't D. Was; wasn't
【答案】A
【详解】last night提示一般过去时;do her homework中do为实义动词,问句用助动词Did,否定回答用didn't。
5.(2023年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第12题)—How long ________ you ________ this dictionary?
—For about two weeks.
A. did, borrow B. have, borrowed C. do, keep D. have, kept
【答案】D
【详解】How long和For about two weeks提示现在完成时;borrow是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用,应转换为延续性动词keep,故用have kept。
6.(2024年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第2题)When he came back to the room, he ________ and hit his head on the wall.
A. slip B. slipped C. was slipped D. slips
【答案】B
【详解】came back和hit共同构成过去动作链,空处应填一般过去式slipped;slip是不及物动词,此处不需要被动语态。
7.(2024年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第3题)It ________ fine yesterday and there ________ many children in the park.
A. was; was B. is; are C. was; were D. is; were
【答案】C
【详解】yesterday提示两个分句都用一般过去时;It作天气主语用was,There be后many children为复数,用were。
8.(2023年甘肃省中职升学考试英语试题第3题)An English speech ________ by Mr. Wang next Monday.
A. is given B. gives C. will give D. will be given
【答案】D
【详解】next Monday提示一般将来时;speech与give是被动关系,应用一般将来时被动语态will be given。
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